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Conservation of Energy

The document discusses the conservation of energy. It defines energy and the different types of mechanical energy - kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is the energy due to an object's position. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant, though the type of energy may change. An example is given of a falling ball, where the kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases, keeping the total mechanical energy constant.

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Shaine Inovero
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72 views2 pages

Conservation of Energy

The document discusses the conservation of energy. It defines energy and the different types of mechanical energy - kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is the energy due to an object's position. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant, though the type of energy may change. An example is given of a falling ball, where the kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases, keeping the total mechanical energy constant.

Uploaded by

Shaine Inovero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

ENERGY – is that property whose possession enables something to perform work. Work and Energy have
the same units. Both are scalar quantities.

Types of Mechanical Energy


1. Kinetic energy – energy possessed by a body due to its motion.
K = ½ mv 2
where: m = mass in kg, gm, slug
v = speed in m/s, cm/s, ft/s
K = kinetic energy
Units of energy
1 N-m = 1 Joule (J)
1 dyne-cm = 1 erg
Ft-lb

2. Potential Energy (U) – energy possessed by a body due to its position.


U = mgh
g = gravitational acceleration
h = distance of the body from the reference line or point
U = potential energy

Conservation of Energy – the total amount of energy in a system isolated from the rest of the universe
always remains constant, although energy transformation from one form to another may
occur within the system.

A falling ball provides a simple example of conservation of energy.

m = 1 kg U K U + K (mechanical energy)
50 m 490 J 0 490 J

40 m v 392 J 98 J 490 J

30 m 294 J 196 J 490 J

20 m 196 j 294 j 490 J

10 m 98 J 392 J 490 J

0m 0 490 J 490 J

K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 = U3 + K3 (friction and air resistance were neglected)


At 50 m U = mgh = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s 2)(50 m) = 490 J K = 1/2mv 2 = 0

At 40 m U = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(40 m) = 392 J v 22 = v12 – 2gy


v 22 = 0 – 2(9.8)(-10 m) = 196 m2/s2
K = ½ (1 kg)(196) = 98 J

At 30 m U = (1 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(30 m) = 294 J K = ½(1 kg)(392) = 196 J

V22 = -2(9.8)(-20 m) = 392 m2/s2

Experiment 7
x = vo cos0t o = 00
x = v ot
vo = x/t

y = vo sinot – 1/2gt2
-y = - 1/2gt2
t = 2y/g

Given: x = _____, y = _____, vo = ?

x = v0 cosot

vo = x/t

y = vo sin o t – 1/2gt2
-y = -1/2gt2
t = 2y/g
K1 + U1 = K2 + U2

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