Practical Research 2 that influence the relationship
First Quarter Notes • 2022-2023 between the variables that an
experimenter is examining.
4. Qualitative or Categorical Variable
.·:*¨༺ RESEARCH VARIABLES༻¨*:·. - made up of different types or
categories of a phenomenon
★ A variable is any factor or a (categorical variable)
property that a researcher - Gender
measures, controls, and - Religion
manipulates. - Strand
★ It is the object of the study.
★ It can be observed directly or 5. Quantitative Variable - varies in
indirectly. degree or amount of phenomenon.
★ It must be measured to be able to - Age
generate data for analysis and to be - Income
used as additional knowledge.
★ Variables are constructs with A. Continuous Variable - have
differences in values. an infinite number of values.
★ It is the changing quantity or - Length
measure of any factor, trait, or - Time
condition that can exist in differing - Income
amounts or types.
★ It is a logical set of attributes, B. Discrete Variable - can only
characteristics, numbers, or assume any whole value?
quantities that can be measured or - Number of children in the
counted. family.
★ It is also called a data item. - Population of students
★ A variable is defined as anything - Total number of faculty
that has quantity or quality that members.
varies.
.·:*¨༺ RESEARCH TOPICS༻¨*:·.
Types of Research Variables
1. Independent Variable - a variable The topic you choose should be
that causes changes in a relevant where a greater number of people
phenomenon or situation. This may will be benefited from it and it should serve
be manipulated or a predictor its purpose well which can further add
variable. knowledge to the scholarly literature.
2. Dependent Variable - effects Sources of Potential
brought by the independent Research Topic
variable. This is the outcome or
response variable. A. Personal Source - personal
experience
3. Confounding or Extraneous
Variable - undesirable variables
sevdiors : AY ‘22-’23
B. Scholarly Source - journal articles, 2. After identifying the issue by
books, research papers, documents concern, think of other concepts
written by academicians, related to the issue or concern.
professionals, and research 3. Finally, select the concepts that
organizations. imfluence or an are influenced by
the issue or concern.
C. Non-Scholarly Source -
newspaper, magazine, radio, TV, For each source, you should have a:
internet. a. Topic
b. Variable/s
Criteria when choosing a Potential c. Problem
Research Topic d. Title
★ Interest in the topic Types of Quantitative Research
★ Availability of data
★ Ability to handle 1. Descriptive Research - investigating
★ Relevance of the topic aspects. This is the most prominent.
★ Contribution to the scholarly - Factors
literature – Usage of computer games of SHS
students of ULSHS during weekends.
.·:*¨༺ RESEARCH TITLE ༻¨*:·.
2. Correlational Research - identifying the
relationship of two variables.
★ Major road sign of research. - Relationship
★ Summary of the main idea. – The relationship between usage of
★ Concise statement of the main computer games and the academic
topic. performance of the SHS students of
★ Provides the direction of the whole ULSHS.
research.
3. Causal-Comparative - knowing the
Research Title Must Have: cause and effect of the topic. They
compare and contrast.
★ List key variables, –
★ Be written in scientific or technical
style, 4. Experimental Research - science
★ Be concise (12 words - maximum) related.
and non-repetitive, – Effectiveness of having social support
★ Not explicitly provide reference to groups to the academic performance of the
the research design. SHS students.
Process in Formulating a Problem:
1. Think of an issue or concern you are
confronted with.
sevdiors : AY ‘22-’23
