NOT

7
Environmental
Science Science for Junior
Technology High School
&

Engineering Quarter 4 - Module 2

Program

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
PLANNING AND MONITORING

MARITES T. ZINAMPAN
Writer

i
Science Technology and Engineering Program
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 2: Environmental Management, Planning and
Monitoring
First Edition, 2020

An Initiative of Cagayan National High School- Science Department

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and author do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Writer: Marites T. Zinampan

Editors: Eduardo C. Dela Rosa, Myrna Q. Adduru

Management Team: Elpidio D. Mabasa Jr.

Myrna Q. Adduru, Ph.D.

Jessica T. Castaneda

Estela S. Cabaro

Jesus B. Maggay

Reynante Z. Caliguiran

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education- Division of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
National High School

Office Address: Bagay Road, San Gabriel, Tuguegarao City, 3500

Telephone Nos: (078) 844-1232; (078) 844-7768

Email addresses: [email protected]

Writer: [email protected]

ii
 Environmental
Science for Junior High
School
Quarter 4 - Module 2:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
PLANNING AND MONITORING

Advanced Subject
for
Science Technology & Engineering Program

(STEP)

iii
 Table of Contents

COVER PAGE
COPYRIGHT PAGE
TITLE PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY NOTES
LEARNING FROM THIS MODULE

Lesson 1. Solid Waste Management

What I Need to Know 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 5
What is it 6
What’s More 8
What I Have Learned 9
What I Can Do 10
Assessment 11
Additional Activities 13
Answers Key
References 14

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 Preliminary Notes

It is of a genuine desire that this learning module on Environmental Science will

inculcate and sustain environmental awareness in the Junior High School Science Technology

and Engineering Program (STEP) in the great Cagayan National High School.

The aforementioned learning material will provide learners with a good understanding

of the concepts in environmental topics that will eventually build a strong knowledge

foundation in fostering ecological and environmental subject in the senior high Science

Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Curriculum.

The modern and digital age is timely and fitting to the spurt of environmental

revolution. With this module I hope that you learners will be inquisitive, innovative and be fully

aware of the environmental science lessons for the contribution to the betterment of the

ecosystem.

The Writer

v
Learning from this Module
To attain the objectives of the lesson, you are to consider the following:
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to are set for you to learn as you go along the
Know
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
What I know
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge

This part connects previous lesson with that

What’s In of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
What’s New
to you

These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
What is It
standing of the concept.

These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
What’s More
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your level
of mastery in achieving the learning
Assessment
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to

Additional you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Activities lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

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 Lesson
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
PLANNING AND MONITORING
Solid Waste Management
1
What I Need to Know

Objectives: At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. describe how waste can be treated through Solid Waste Management
2. explain the processes carried out during Solid Waste Management
3. categorize wastes into different types
4. discuss the salient features of RA 9003
5. explain importance of Solid Waste Management to avoid pollution in the environment
and reduce risk of waste to the health of the people

What I Know
Activity 1. Four Pics, One Word
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to identify the pictures. Write your
answer in the box below the jumbled letters.

1. 2.

A T S B N S E W I A R C L Y N E G I C

3. 4.
A P L T S C S I O L T S W S I A D E

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 What’s In

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and
monitoring of waste materials.
• The two conventional principles of waste management were: ‘dilute and disperse’ or
‘concentrate and contain’.
• The main necessity of waste management is to enrich the resources which are being
depleted due to rising population and increasing consumption rates.

Health Impacts of Solid Waste

1. Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human health, children being more vulnerable
to these pollutants.
2. Improperly operated incineration plants cause air pollution and improperly managed
and designed landfills attract all types of insects and rodents that spread disease.
3. Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic diseases with the waste workers and
the rag pickers being the most vulnerable.

Processes Carried Out During the Solid Waste Management

Integrated solid waste management through the following processes can provide a better reliable
solution for the problem of municipal solid waste generation.

1. Waste Collection
• From individual houses, wastes can be collected in person with the help of vehicle.
• To minimize the time and cost involved in collecting waste through vehicles, public can be
given instruction to dump their house wastes in one place (nearby their street).

2. Segregation
• Segregation of wastes into degradable and non-degradable wastes is to be done to recover or
divert non-degradable wastes (electric items, plastics, tires etc.) and degradable items (wood,
textiles etc.) to its recycling plant and if possible, it can be reused.
• It is a tedious process which therefore needs labor. Magnets can also be used to segregate
ferrous metals.
• This process will help in reducing the amounts of waste going for composting and also earns
money (through selling wastes to recycling plant.

3. Recycling
• The non-degradable and degradable wastes can be recycled very economically in the recycling
plants.
• Apart from sending wastes to recycling plant, recycling of some organic waste is possible.
• Some of the waste recycling techniques are: Fly ash, Organic wastes, Slag and scrap,
Industrial gases

4. Shredding or Pulverizing
• This process involves in size reduction of organic wastes before it goes for composting.
• This process reduces the overall volume by 40%.

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 Advantages:
• It will increase surface area availability for bacterial activity (decomposition).
• Facilitates easy handling of moisture content and aeration.

5. Composting
• Aerobic composting is one of the cheapest and easiest methods that are being available for
MSW.
• Generally, composting can be carried out in three techniques. They are:
a. Windrow composting
b. Aerated static pile method
c. In vessel method

Environmental Benefits Achieved

• First and foremost, the surroundings become very clean.
• Air pollution resulting from the burning of the waste has been eliminated completely.
• The use of chemical fertilizers has been stopped in the nurseries, instead of which organic
manure is being used.

Source: Sources of Waste, https://www.slideserve.com/iolani/solid-hazardous-waste-

management

Kinds of Wastes

Solid Wastes- wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, bottles, cans, scraps, papers and other trash

Liquid Wastes- wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washing, chemical oil, waste water from ponds, manufacturing
industries and other sources

Bio-degradable- can be degraded

Examples: Paper, wood, leaves, fruit peelings

Non-biodegradable-cannot be degraded
Examples: plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam containers and others

Hazardous Wastes-substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally,

economically, and have the following properties: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity and
toxicity
Examples: fertilizers, paints, oil. petroleum, alcohol, kerosene, grease

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 Non-hazardous- substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally,
economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned above. These substances
usually create disposal problems.

Examples: plastic packaging, clean glass and plastic, paper and cardboard, and office
products.

Classification of Wastes According to their Origin and Type

Municipal Solid Waste

Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction and packaging materials,
trade refuges etc. are managed by any municipality.

Bio-Medical Wastes
Solid or liquid wastes including containers, products generated during diagnosis, treatment
and research activities of medical sciences.

Industrial Wastes
Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing and processing units of various
industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary and paper etc.

Agricultural Wastes
Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.

Fishery Wastes
Wastes generated due to fisheries activities

E-wastes
Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as
discarded electrical or electronic devices, Some electronic scrap, components as CRT’s wires,
circuits, mobile, computers, etc.

Activity 2: Waste Management Concept Mapping

Directions: Fill-up the concept map with the appropriate words needed.
PROCEDURE IN

MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE

CLASSIFICATION OF
WASTES

Sources of Wastes

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 What’s New

HIERARCHY OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

HIERARCHY OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
Segregation at source MSW waste minimization

Waste collection from source to segregation centers

Waste segregation into degradable to non- degradable

Non degradable wastes organic waste size reduction

Recycling plant aerobic composting

Agricultural land, gardens etc

HIERARCHY OF
WASTE MINIMIZATION

Source: Waste Hierarchy, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_hierarchy

Waste hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of processes that protects the
environment alongside resource and energy consumption from most favorable to least favorable
actions. The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability. To be
sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe solutions and an
integrated approach is necessary.
The waste management hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and
manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid. The hierarchy
captures the progression of a material or product through successive stages of waste management,
and represents the latter part of the life-cycle for each product.
The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products
and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The proper application of the waste hierarchy can
have several benefits. It can help prevent emissions of greenhouse gases, reduces pollutants, save
energy, conserves resources, create jobs and stimulate the development of green technologies.

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 WASTE MINIMIZATION
• Prevention of waste being created is known as waste reduction which is an important method
of waste management.
• The modern concepts based on the three ‘R’s are: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
• Methods of avoidance include reuse of second hand products, designing products to be
refillable or reusable, repairing broken items instead of buying new etc.

What Is It

Solid waste shall refer to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-
hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris,
agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 Republic Act 9003

• RA 9003 was passed by the Philippine Congress on December 20, 2000 and was
subsequently approved by the Office of the President on January 26, 2001. It contains seven (7)
chapters sub-divided into 66 sections setting out policy direction for an effective solid waste
management program in the country.

Salient Features of the Act

The Act mandates the State to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste
management program which shall:
• Ensure the protection of public health and environment;
• Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resource
reduction and encourage resources conservation and recovery;
• Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source
reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling, reuse, recovery,
green charcoal processes, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate
and environmentally-sound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically
sustainable development principles;
• Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid
waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological
waste management excluding incineration;
• Promote national research and development programs for improved solid waste management
and resource conservation techniques, more effective institutional arrangement and indigenous
and improved methods of waste reduction, collection separation and recovery;
• Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;
• Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with local
government units while establishing a cooperative effort among the national government, other
local government units, non-government organizations, and private sector;
• Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the application of
market-based instruments;
• Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation of national and local
integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste management programs; and
• Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and resource conservation and
recovery topics into the academic curricula of formal and non-formal education in order to
promote environmental awareness and action among the citizenry.

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It mandates the various government agencies to do the following in support of the Act:

1. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – act as overall of the

Commission to be created; prepare a National Solid Waste Management Status Report; provide
technical and capacity-building assistance to local government units; issue rules and regulations
in the implementation of the Act.

2. Department of Health (DOH) – in coordination with the DENR and other concerned
agencies prepare the National Solid Waste Management Status Report which shall be the basis
for the National Solid Waste Management Framework; and together with the DENR and DILG
shall publish the inventory of all solid waste disposal facilities.

3. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) – shall formulate and implement a coding system
for packaging materials and products to facilitate waste recycling and reuse and with DENR
establish and manage a solid waste management information database and publish a study of
existing markets for processing and purchasing recyclable materials and the potential steps
necessary to expand these markets .

4. Department of Interior and Local Governments (DILG) - together with the DENR and
DOH shall publish the inventory of all solid waste disposal facilities.

5. Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED),

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and Philippine
Information Agency (PIA) with the DENR – shall conduct continuing education and
information campaign on solid waste management.

6. DepEd and CHED – the national government through the DepEd and in coordination with
concerned agencies, non-government organizations and private institutions, shall strengthen the
integration of environmental concerns in school curricula at all levels
Source: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act Of 2000 Republic Act 9003,
http://119.92.161.2/eeid/2010/factsheet/RA%209003.pdf
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/

Activity 3: Let’s Talk About RA 9003

Directions: Read and understand the questions below. Write your answers in a
one whole sheet of paper.

1. What is Ecological Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

2. What is solid waste according to RA 9003?
3. Who signed the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
4. When Did RA9003 take effect?
4. What are the 3R’s of RA 9003?
5. What are the classification of wastes identified by RA 9003?
6. What are the provisions of RA 9003?
7. What are the offenses under RA 9003?
8. What are the government agencies that support RA 9003? Give their functions.

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 What’s More

Sources of Wastes

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/amitnakli/final-ppt-36453248

Activity 4: Understanding the Graph

Directions: Analyze the graph. Arrange the percentages of the sources of waste from highest
to lowest. Write your answer in the table below.

Sources of Waste Percentage

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 Activity 5: Recycle, Re-use or Compost?

Directions: Encircle all waste items that do not belong to the group.

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Let’s Think About Waste

A. Directions: Fill-in the blanks to complete the paragraph. Choose from the
words in the box.

Enrich the resources Conventional Principles

Waste management hierarchy Progression
Waste management Life cycle
Sixty-six Seven
January 26, 2001 December 20, 2000

1._______________ is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal and

monitoring of waste materials. The two 2. ________________ of waste management were:
‘dilute and disperse’ or ‘concentrate and contain’. The main necessity of waste management is
to 3. ______________ which are being depleted due to rising population and increasing
consumption rates.
The 4. _________________ indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and
manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid. The
hierarchy captures the 5. _________________of a material or product through successive

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stages of waste management, and represents the latter part of the 6. _______________ for each
product.
RA 9003 was passed by the Philippine Congress on 7. _________________and was
subsequently approved by the Office of the President on 8. ________________. It contains
9. ________________ chapters sub-divided into 10. _________________sections setting out
policy direction for an effective solid waste management program in the country.

B. Directions: Read each statement in the first column carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer from the choices below. Write the letter of the correct answer in the second
column.
A. Reducing C. Recycling E. Repair
B. Reusing D. Recover

Statement Answer
1. You fix old broken chairs to make them look new.
2. You take your used oil to a drop off site.
3. You make a new basket from an old ice cream bucket.
4. You make two sided copies and print everything you can
5. You donated old books to the library of the school.
6. You have a garage sale.
7. Your mother sale your old clothing.
8. You give away an old appliance to your neighbors.
9. You use ice cream containers instead of pots in planting
ornamental plants.
10. You wash the plastics containers rather than throwing them.

What I Can Do

Activity 7: Sorting Wastes

A. Directions: Draw lines to connect the waste bins to the waste materials

Waste Bins Waste Materials

1. A.

2. B.

3. C.

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 4. D.

5. E.

6. F.

B. Directions: Take a picture of trash bins in your own houses. Label the trash bins.
Examples:

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct
answer for each question. Use a separate sheer for your answers.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter before the item number.

1. Which of the following Republic Acts of the Philippine Constitution embodies the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Program?
A. RA 9003 B. RA 7942 C. RA 6969 D. RA 8041
2. What process is involved in size reduction of organic wastes before composting?
A. Composting B. Recycling C. Segregating D. Shredding
3. Which process/activity in the treatment of solid wastes has no impact to human health and the
environment?

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 A. Operating incineration plants will not cause air pollution.
B. Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic diseases with the waste workers.
C. Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human health especially among children.
D. Managing and designing landfills attract all types of insects and rodents that
spread diseases.
4. Which of the following is the main feature of the Ecological Waste Management Act?
A. It ensures the protection of public health and environment.
B. It ensures the proper segregation, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of solid
waste.
C. It encourages cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators through the
application of market-based instruments.
D. It regulates and prohibits the use of lead and lead compounds and disposal of lead
containing waste to minimize hazards and exposure to human health and the
environment.
5. What is the correct steps in treating solid wastes?
I. Disposal of solid waste.
II. Solid waste segregation.
III. Waste processing and resource recovery.
IV. Collection and transporting of solid waste.
A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, III, IV, I
C. III, IV, I, II
D. IV, I, II, III
6. What environmental benefits can be achieved when Solid Waste Management is well adopted in
the community?
I. The surroundings will be freed from harmful substances.
II. The use of organic fertilizers mitigates biological magnification.
III. Air pollution from burning of waste will be eliminated completely.
IV. It will spread diseases to environment which may be dangerous to human health.
A. I, II, IV B. I, III, IV C. II, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV
7. Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) Designation, within what range reflects the quality of
water for both health and acceptability as set by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Letter Designation Index Value
A Excellent 95-100
B Good 80-94
C Fair 0-49.9
D Marginal 45-64
8. Which is the correct order of waste minimization from the most favored option to
the least favored option?
A. Prevention, minimization, reuse, recycle, energy recovery, disposal
B. Reuse, recycle, energy recovery, disposal, prevention, minimization
C. Recycle, energy recovery, disposal, prevention, minimization, reuse
D. Disposal, prevention, minimization, reuse, recycle, energy recovery
9. How does recycling help the earth?
A. Reduces the garbage C. Harms the environment
B. Creates more garage D. Increases wastes in the environment
10. Which item you should not put in a compost bin?
A. Plastic B. Food scrap C. Fallen leaves D. Wood chips
11. Which of the following is the objective of waste hierarchy?
A. To prevent emissions of greenhouse gases.
B. To reduces pollutants, save energy, conserves resources
C. To create jobs and stimulate the development of green technologies.

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 D. To extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum
amount of waste.
12. Which of the following waste pictures are classified under e-waste bins?

A. C.

B. D.

13. Based on the pie graph below, which among the waste sources shows the biggest percentage?

A. Metals
B. Plastics
C. Food scraps
D. Paper and paperboard

14. Which of the following are the agencies that supports RA 9003?
I. DENR (Department of Natural Resources)
II. DepEd (Department of Education
III. DOH (Department of Health)
IV. DOT (Department of Tourism)
A. I, II, and III B. I, II, and IV C. I, III, and IV D. II, III, and IV
15. Which of the following practices can help us in reusing waste materials?
A. Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.
B. Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups and glasses.
C. Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones.
D. All of the above

Additional Activities

Great job! You successfully answered all the activities prepared for you. This time
you will be engaged in another activity.

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 Activity 8: Face Mask Out of Waste Materials
Performance Task:
Directions: In this time of pandemic, health protocols are strictly implemented in the whole world.
One of it is the wearing of the face mask. As an application of our lesson, you are going to create a
face mask out of waste materials with the help of your family. Take pictures while doing your
product with your family and a picture that you are wearing the finished product. Post it in your
account in the Facebook as part of public awareness or information dissemination. You will be
grade based on the rubric below.

Invention Rubric

Source: Invention Rubric, https://www.brighthubeducation.com/pre-k-and-k-lesson-

plans/7180-talk-about-green-invention-rubric/

References:

Books:
Understanding the Earth Through Environmental Science, by Cynthia Andaya et.al., C and E
Publishing Incorporated, Quezon City, 2008

Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_hierarchy
http://119.92.161.2/eeid/2010/factsheet/RA%209003.pdf
https://www.brighthubeducation.com/pre-k-and-k-lesson-plans/7180-talk-about-green-
invention-rubric/
http://cleverlearner.com/science/images/preschool-waste-worksheet-2-recycle-reuse-compost.pdf
Information MDEQ’s website
www.deq.state.ms.us KMB’s
www.kmbpal.org Earth’s 911
www.cleanup.org A nation-wide website for local and state wide recycling collection sites and educational
resources

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