Physical

Science
11
Science – Grade 11
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Aristotelian VS. Galilean Views of Motion!

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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 Physical
Science
11
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 4
Aristotelian vs. Galilean Views
of Motion
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the G11 Physical Science Module 4 on Aristotelian vs. Galilean

Views of Motion!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the G11 Physical Science Module 4 on Aristotelian vs. Galilean

Views of Motion!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This part measures how much you have learned

from the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compare and contrast the Aristotelian and Galilean concept of motion;

2. explain and illustrate Galileo’s thought experiment about motion;
3. evaluate the motion of an object in terms of inertia using Galileo’s
motion relationships.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. He believes that force is necessary to produce motion.

a. Aristotle
b. Copernicus
c. Galileo

2. According to Aristotle, which of the following statement/s will happen

to a block of ice thrown along a smooth surface?
I. It will continue to move along the surface even if no more force is
acting on the block.
II. It will continue to move along the surface and a force must be
exerted in the body.
III. It will continue to move at a constant speed along the straight
line, in the absence of friction.

a. I only c. I and III

b. II only d. I, II and III

3. Based on Galileo’s experiment, how far would a ball thrown down on an inclined
plane could roll up another inclined plane?
a. to nearly its original height
b. to nearly twice its original height.
c. to about one quarter its original height
d. the ball would not roll up the other plane at all
4. The law of inertia states that an object __.

a. will continue moving at the same velocity unless an outside force act on it.
b. will continue moving in a straight line unless an outside force act on it.
c. that is not moving will be at rest unless force acts on it
d. all of the above.

5. After a cannonball is fired into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to
keep it going equals ___.

a. twice the force with which it was fired.

b. one half the force with which it was fired.
c. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving.
d. the same amount of force with which it was fired.

RECAP

We are done discussing and explaining how Brahe’s collection of data helped
Kepler develop his three laws of planetary motion. Now, move your arms and dive in
to this short minds-on activity. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.

_______ 1. The Planets move in elliptical orbits.

_______ 2. Planets move fastest when they are nearest to the Sun.
_______ 3. The paths of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.
_______ 4. The ratio of the squares of the period (T) of the planets are proportional to
the cubes of their mean distances (R) from the Sun.
_______ 5. As the square of the period (T) of the planets increases the cubes of their
mean distances (R) from the Sun decrease.
 LESSON

THINK WITHOUT A BLINK: Aristotle’s Ideas of Motion

More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle suggested that a force

is necessary to produce motion. He further suggested that to
maintain that motion the force must be continuously exerted on
the object. Moreover, he emphasized that if there is no force, there
can be no motion.

Aristotle further believed that in the absence of an external force, any moving
body will ultimately come to rest. Many were inclined to believe Aristotle’s
commonsense ideas about moving objects. They agreed based on their observations
from everyday experiences. In some respects, he was right, as we know from
observations that a body at rest will not move unless a force is continuously applied
to it. However, there are also some cases of bodies which continue to move even
without the force acting on them.

An example is a block of ice thrown along a very smooth surface.

It continues to move along the surface even if no force is acting
on the block. But so strong was the belief of Aristotle’s
contemporaries on his ideas that all kinds of weird arguments
were used to support them. One such idea was the argument that
a falling body accelerates because its weight increases as it
approaches Earth’s surface. Aristotle also explained that the
motion of the stone after it leaves the thrower’s hand caused air
to move and this motion of the air carried the stone all along!

NOW, COME TO THINK OF IT: Galileo’s Thought

Experiment about Motion

For many centuries nobody seemed to be successful

in challenging the ideas of Aristotle. Twenty centuries later,
Galileo challenged Aristotle’s theories concerning motion.
He tested Aristotle’s ideas through “thought experiments”,
experiments he did not actually perform except in his
mind. He arrived at his conclusions through logical
thought.
 In his “thought experiment”, Galileo argued that in the absence of friction, an
object would move continuously at a constant speed along the straight line. Galileo
also performed many other experiments with balls rolling down troughs and with
swinging pendulums but not without handicaps. But in spite his many handicaps,
Galileo, with his clear logic and mathematical knowledge, showed that a body moving
along a frictionless horizontal surface does not need an external force to maintain its
uniform speed.

Galileo did not attempt though to explain why a body keeps on moving at a
constant velocity along a straight line. He simply showed that it is natural for a
moving body to do so, just as it is for a stationary body to remain at rest. This natural
tendency of the body is called inertia. Inertia is the tendency of a body to
maintain its state of rest or of uniform speed along a straight line.

ACTIVITIES

Name: Date:
Section: Teacher:
GALILEO’S THOUGHT EXPERIMENT: MOVES OR NO MOVES?
Objective: To illustrate Galileo’s “thought experiment” about motion.
Materials: Marble, card board (2 inches thick and 18 inches in length), ruler
Procedure:

1. Create a rail using a cardboard. (Please refer to the figure below)

2. Release the marble from position A and observe what will happen as it
reaches position C.
3. Repeat procedure number 2 to position D, E and F.
4. Use the ruler to measure the height where the marble reach.

Marble

Ruler
12 in
Cardboard

Galileo’s Thought Experiment

 Figure above shows one of Galileo’s experiments. A marble is released from
position A to run down a bent rail. Observe what will happen to the marble as it
reaches position B, C, D and F. Record how high can the marble reach.

Set up Height (inches) of the marble released

from position A
1. When the rail is bent
along ABC
2. When the rail is bent
along ABD
3. When the rail is bent
along ABE
4. When the rail is bent
along ABF

Guide Questions:

1. What affects the difference between the height of the point of release
and the point where the marble reach when the rail is bent along ABC?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________________
2. What happens if the rail is bent along ABF when BF is horizontal?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________

Conclusion:

WRAP-UP

Choose the word from the word bank to complete the statement
below. You can use any word more than once.
Aristotle Inertia Speed
Galileo Free Fall
 1. The viewpoint of __________________ regarding free falling objects was
that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
2. __________________ argued that objects released at the same time
from the same height, regardless of their weight, will fall at the same
time.
3. __________________ argued that in the absence of friction, an object
would move continuously at a constant speed along the straight line.
4. __________________ is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or
to move at uniform speed along a straight line.

VALUING

One of Albert Einstein’s well-known quotes is, “Nothing happens until

something moves.” Motion is life and lack of motion is synonymous to death.
Movement is vital to your body, just as much as food, water or oxygen is. It feeds the
brain by triggering essential chemicals for stimulation (called proprioception). It’s
also one of the basic reasons why chiropractors adjust spines – to restore normal
motion of joints, mental impulse transmission through nerves, and subsequently,
life throughout the entire body.
Physical movements, like exercise, enable our body to produce special
chemicals called endorphins. These endorphins are hormones reacting to our brain
and can lower our perception of pain and sadness, while increasing positive outlook.
With active lifestyle, especially during this pandemic, we can lessen our
vulnerability to depression. So, get up and keep on moving forward, it may be slow,
but it is still a progress.
How can you make progress in your class performance despite our current
situation now? List down specific moves that you will make.

POSTTEST

Write the letter of your answer on the space provided below.

_______ 1. Friction is a force that always acts
a. parallel to an object’s motion
b. opposite to an object’s motion
 c. perpendicular to an object’s motion
d. in the same direction as an object’s motion

_______ 2. Which of the following is NOT true about Galileo’s natural tendency of
the body?
a. it is the tendency of a body to maintain its state of rest.
b. it is the tendency of a body of uniform speed along straight line.
c. It is the resistance of any physical object to maintain its state of motion.
d. It is applied to an object at rest to remain rest unless acted upon on by an
outside force.

_______ 3. Which of the following statements correctly explain Aristotle’s ideas if

motion.

I. Force is necessary to produce motion.

II. In the absence of an external force, any moving body will
ultimately come to rest.
III. A body moving along a frictionless horizontal surface does not
need an external force to maintain its uniform speed.
IV. A body maintain its state of rest or of uniform speed along a
straight line.

a. I,II,III c. III, IV
b. I,II d. II only

_______ 4. Which of the following statements correctly explain Galileo’s “thought

experiments” about motion.

I. Force is necessary to produce motion.

II. In the absence of an external force, any moving body will
ultimately come to rest.
III. A body moving along a frictionless horizontal surface
does not need an external force to maintain its uniform
speed.
IV. A body maintain its state of rest or of uniform speed
along a straight line.

a. I,II,III c. III, IV
b. I,II d. II only

_______ 5. It refers to the tendency of an object to remain at rest or to move at

uniform speed along a straight line.
a. Acceleration b. Force c. Friction d. Inertia
 KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES

Caintic, Helen E. Physical Science. Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc, 2016

Santiago, Karen S. and Silverio, Angelina A. Exploring Through Science: Physical
Science. Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, 2016
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