Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.

Optus Mobile

OSD-030
Tower Technical Specification

Network Deployment
Technical Services

Version 6.5
25 January 2023

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

Revision & Approval History & Status

Rev Revision Revision

Description of Revision Date
Nº Author Approver
0 First Issue Jul 2000 D Latham A.J. House
1.0 Minor revisions Nov 2000 D Latham A.J. House
2.0 Major update; Crown Castle references removed Jun 2003 D Latham J. Horn
3.0 Major update; Antenna data & sail areas updated; Nov 2008 D Latham, M van der Lit,
Obstacle lighting specification included. Connell Optus
Wagner
4.0 Major update, Reference, equipment loading and, Design life updated, various other changes May 2015 D Moore, M van der Lit,
Visionstream Optus
4.1 Minor update: Jun 2015 D Moore, M van der Lit,
Values in tables in clause 2.10.1 & 2.10.2 altered, Appendix B tables and drawing altered Visionstream Optus
4.2 Inserted new clauses 3.2.1 (Connections) and 3.2.2 (Bracing) and slight amendment to 3.5.2 (Antenna Nov 2015 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Mounting Pole) Optus
4.3 Minor revision to 3.5.2 (Antenna Mounting Pole) Jan 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Optus
4.4 Modifications to Tower Load criteria: Jun 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
a) removal of secondary headframe Optus
b) removal of external cable ladder on pole structures
c) removal of 600mm m/w antenna from Regional Poles & Lattice structures
d) Design structures for 1º deflection at 7m below the structure tip for m/w governed structures
e) Design structures for 2º deflection at the tip for non-m/w governed structures
4.5 Minor corrections to load tables made (missing columns) Jul 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Optus
4.6 Minor correction to section 4.1 Aug 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Optus
4.7 Weight of MW dish corrected in table on page 34 (eJV H/C) Aug 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Optus
4.8 Various changes re: removal of fall arrest and ladder, and inclusion of ACRS requirements (2.2). Oct 2016 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
Additional comment in 2.12.2 re: non-MW dependent structures. Optus
4.9 Minor grammatical corrections and updates as follows: Apr 2017 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
2.3 Optus approval for higher Importance Level Optus
2.6.3 Change to terrain category for wind approaching over water.
2.9 (ii) Change standard hex headframe to ‘Optus approved’
2.10.1 Change generic panel antenna type for leg mount
2.10.1 Change generic panel antenna type for strap mount
2.12.2 Addition of wording – “and other wind multipliers”
4.2 Updated wording re: design in accordance with AS2159-2009
4.4.1 Additional wording re: use of bored pier foundations
4.4.3 (ii) Some re-wording
5.1 Addition of H+S hybrid fibre cable type
5.4 Changes to requirements for cable entry ports
7.1.1 Fall arrest deleted from lattice towers & guyed masts,
7.1.2 Minor re-word, reference to App F added,
7.2 Changed to non-trafficable headframe, fall restraint attachment updated,
Appendix F – new section, Criteria for Fall Arrest, Climbing Hardware & Headframe and other
associated minor amendments to Section 7.
5.0 Updated earthing requirements in Section 6.2, including a new section 6.2.3. Minor revision to 8.2.3 Sep 2017 C King, Optus M van der Lit,
5.4.2 & 5.4.3 change to position of cable entry ports Optus
Appendix B – tables altered re: headframe requirements
2.10.2 Addition of triangular headframe to table 2
6.0 New section 2.9 Corrosion Protection 14 May 2018 M van der Lit, M van der Lit,
Appendix B Monopole & Tower Load Tables updated Optus Optus
OSD-110 Generic Loading Conditions for Optus Monopoles moved to Attachment 1
OSD-111 Generic Loading Conditions for Optus Towers moved to Attachment 2

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

Rev Revision Revision

Description of Revision Date
Nº Author Approver
6.1 2.3.1 minor re-word to include Importance Level 3, as per site specifics. 19 Sept 2018 M van der Lit, M van der Lit,
2.4 reference added to comply with req’ts of OSD-010, clause 2.5 Structural Design. Optus Optus
Appendix B Monopole & Tower Load Tables – commends only updated wrt ‘T’.
Deleted Attachment 1 & retired OSD-110 Generic Loading Conditions for Optus Monopoles
Deleted Attachment 2 & retired OSD-111 Generic Loading Conditions for Optus Towers
6.2 2.1 & 2.3.1 Clarification strengthen to be performed within 25-year service life when 25-year reduction 28 Sept 2019 Clyde King, Michael van
utilised. Optus der Lit,
2.9 Corrosivity Category to be noted on all Structural Certifications Optus
2.11 Reference for HF loading now to Appendix B
2.12.1 Commscope modern 12p antenna added
Appendix B – tables updated for available 5G equip overall ESA load values remain the same.
OSD-030 Attachment 1 Structural Design Certificate added
3.4.3 Guy Strength Design added
2.7.2 updated to clarify also covers, m/ws, AAUs, RRUs & ancillary equip.
6.3 1.1 wording minimised, mention of ATN 9 Sept 2021 Clyde King & M M van der Lit
1.2 ATN new clause van der Lit
2.3 amended – to include escalation for Importance Factor
2.3.1 amended -DL reduction no longer permitted unless under special circumstances
2.4 re-worded for clarity, reference to ATN and ATN load conditions added, reference to bushfire
protection measures added.
2.6 clause and sub-headings condensed into one section with prime reference to AS1170.2. Reference
to loading information from equip suppliers, industry recognised wind tunnel tests and shielding affects
added.
2.13 Steelwork replacement for site upgrade or strengthening designs – new clause added
2.15 added to explain Optus Structural Assessment Summary
2.16 wording refined and reference to ATN added.
10 Bushfire Protection Measures, new clause added
Appendix A Reference to OSD-040 & OSD-090 removed
Appendix B – All loading tables updated to included ATN Tenant 1 & 2. Opus m/w position have been
changed.
Attachment 1 – name change from Structural Design Certificate to Optus Structural Assessment
Summary
6.4 Appendix B General notes updated, loading tables replaced with 20, 24 & 30 ESA loading tables, 17 Nov 2021 Clyde King & M M van der Lit
Appendix C Wind Assessment form updated to latest code release, Climate Change Multiplier added van der Lit
Appendix E – New Structural Design & Order Summary Form added (form is already in use for new
structural design and orderings purposes by Suppliers)
6.5 References to ATN changed to Indara. 25 Jan 2023 Clyde King & M M van der Lit
2.16 Optus Structural Assessment Summary no longer req’d for Indara owned structures but is still van der Lit
req’s for Optus owned structures.
Appendix B clarifications made for specific OO load cases and preferred headframe changes to
modular triangular.
OO load cases for Metro & Regional from OSD-030 Rev 6.2 have been added back into spec for Optus
Only Metro 12.75 ESA & Regional 12 + Mw ESA.

Recipients of controlled copies are responsible for eliminating all superseded hard and soft copy documents in
their possession. Recipients are responsible for preparation of “uncontrolled copies” for distribution within their
own organisations.
This specification is part of the “Optus Mobile Network Design and Construction Manual” which is
comprised of the following Optus Standard Documents:
OSD-010 Optus Construction Specification
OSD-020 Optus Earthing Specification
OSD-030 Optus Tower Technical Specification (this document)
OSD-050 Optus Access Track Specification
OSD-060 Optus Site Access Specification
OSD-070 Optus Mobile Network Drawing Protocol
OSD-090 Optus Small Cell Specification - AUSGRID
OSD-1xx to 9xx Optus Standard Drawings

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Indara ................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Documentation ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Definitions ............................................................................................................................ 6
2 Tower Design Principles ............................................................................................................ 7
2.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Quality .................................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Structure Importance & Design Life ..................................................................................... 8
2.4 Design Loading Conditions .................................................................................................. 8
2.5 Permanent Loads ................................................................................................................. 9
2.6 Wind Loads .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.7 Snow and Ice Loads ............................................................................................................ 9
2.8 Earthquake Loads .............................................................................................................. 10
2.9 Corrosion Protection .......................................................................................................... 11
2.10 Standard Headframe Design & Loading ............................................................................ 11
2.11 Headframe, Grouped Antennas & Other Wind Loading Data ............................................ 11
2.12 Individual Antenna Physical and Wind Loading Data ........................................................ 12
2.13 Steelwork replacement for site upgrade or strengthening designs .................................... 14
2.14 Tower Serviceability Limit States ....................................................................................... 15
2.15 Antenna Serviceability Limit States ................................................................................... 15
2.16 Optus Structural Assessment Summary ............................................................................ 16
3 Tower Performance Requirements ......................................................................................... 16
3.1 Tower Types ...................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Self-Supporting Lattice Towers .......................................................................................... 16
3.3 Self-Supporting Poles (Monopoles) ................................................................................... 17
3.4 Guyed Masts ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.5 Panel Antenna Requirements ............................................................................................ 19
3.6 Microwave Radio Antenna Requirements ......................................................................... 20
3.7 Remote Radio Unit Requirements ..................................................................................... 20
4 Tower Foundations ................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 Design Principles ............................................................................................................... 20
4.2 Geotechnical Investigation ................................................................................................. 21
4.3 Lattice Towers and Guyed Masts ...................................................................................... 21
4.4 Monopoles .......................................................................................................................... 22
5 Feeder Cable Requirements .................................................................................................... 22
5.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 22
5.2 Lattice Towers and Guyed Masts ...................................................................................... 23
5.3 Steel Monopoles ................................................................................................................ 23
5.4 Concrete Monopoles .......................................................................................................... 24
6 Lightning Protection and Earthing ......................................................................................... 25
6.1 Lightning Protection ........................................................................................................... 25
6.2 Tower Earth Bars ............................................................................................................... 25
6.3 Site Earthing (By Others) ................................................................................................... 26
7 Structure Access Provisions ................................................................................................... 26
7.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 26
7.2 Trafficable Headframes ...................................................................................................... 27
7.3 Fall Arrest Requirements ................................................................................................... 27
7.4 Anti-Climb Devices ............................................................................................................. 28
8 Tower Lighting (Aircraft Obstacle) ......................................................................................... 28
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 28

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8.2 System Configuration and Components ............................................................................ 29

8.3 Low Intensity Obstacle Lighting ......................................................................................... 30
8.4 Medium Intensity Obstacle Lighting ................................................................................... 30
8.5 Inspection and Maintenance .............................................................................................. 31
8.6 Faults and Alarms .............................................................................................................. 32
9 Tower Painting, Marking and Signage .................................................................................... 33
9.1 Painting and Marking ......................................................................................................... 33
9.2 Signage .............................................................................................................................. 33
10 Bushfire Protection Measures ................................................................................................. 33
10.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 33
10.2 Flammable Materials .......................................................................................................... 33
Appendix A – Relevant Standards and Specifications .................................................................. 35
Appendix B – Monopole & Lattice Tower Loading Tables ............................................................ 36
Appendix C – Wind Assessment Form ........................................................................................... 42
Appendix D – Criteria for Fall Arrest and Climbing Hardware ...................................................... 43
Appendix E – New Structural Design & Order Summary Form .................................................... 44
Attachment 1 – Optus Structural Assessment Summary ............................................................. 45

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Optus Standard Document (OSD-030) is to provide a Specification for the design,
fabrication and supply of new towers and works on existing towers for Optus or Indara. Reference to a tower
shall mean and will apply as relevant to lattice tower, monopole (concrete or steel), guyed mast or similar
structures.

1.2 Indara
Indara Digital Infrastructure is an AustraliaSuper owned company that Optus sold its tower and rooftop sites
portfolio to. It should be noted that this Specification also outlines the default generic design requirements for all
new towers commissioned by Optus or by Optus on behalf of Indara and must be adhered to, unless advised
otherwise by the Optus Manager or its nominated Serviced Supplier.
All references to Optus in this Specification shall be read as applying to either Optus or Indara, where relating to
tower ownership or maintenance.

1.3 Scope
The governing documents for the design of Optus towers are the Commonwealth Telecommunications Act 1997
in which a tower is defined as a telecommunications facility, the Australian Standards listed in Section 1.4, and
the requirements of Occupational Health and Safety standards as applicable.
In summary, Australian Standard AS/NZS 1170 is used to determine the tower loadings and AS 4100 (steel) or
AS 3600 (concrete) are used to design the tower.
Lattice towers and masts that comprise rolled steel angle elements use Australian Standard AS 3995 for design
and AS/NZS 1170 to determine the tower loadings.
The design of utility service poles (street lighting columns, etc.) for telecommunications purposes is governed
by Australian Standard AS/NZS 4677 & AS/NZS 4065 and is not covered in this Tower Specification. However,
antenna load data contained in this Specification may be used for the structural assessment and design of
these poles.
The deployment of Optus antennas on existing towers is also outside the scope of this Specification. For third-
party owned towers, the tower owner or manager will normally be responsible for the structural assessment of,
and if required, any strengthening. For this purpose, antenna load data and serviceability limits contained in
this Specification shall be provided to the tower assessor.
Antenna and serviceability limits contained in this Specification are also applicable to other antenna support
structures not covered by this Specification, such as pole mountings on building rooftops.

1.4 Documentation
The tower supplier shall submit all technical documentation and standard tower drawings to the Optus Manager
and shall issue any revisions to the technical documentation and standard tower drawings.
The tower supplier shall provide Quality Assurance package with each tower in accordance with AS/NZS ISO
9001- 2001 and Tower Supplier's Quality Manual. The Quality Assurance package shall include the drawing list
for standard towers or a full set of technical documentation and drawings for specially designed towers.
The tower Quality Assurance package shall be included by Optus Supplier in the Site Manual.
A list of relevant standards and specification documents is provided in Appendix A.

1.5 Definitions
ACA Australian Communications Authority
ACRS The Australasian Certification Authority for Reinforcing and Structural Steels

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AHD Australian Height Datum

ATN Australian Tower Network, shall also mean Indara
Azimuth Antenna azimuth or bearing to True North (TN)
BAL Bushfire Attack Levels as defined in AS3959
BTS Base Transceiver Station (aka Base Station)
Critical Antenna Usually the microwave radio antenna, which limits tower rotation at the
serviceability wind speed
ESA Effective Sail Area (calculated in m²)
EWP Elevating Work Platform (‘cherry-picker’ or ‘scissor-lift’)
MHA Mast Head Amplifier (associated with panel antennas)
Microwave Microwave radio antenna (aka parabolic antenna)
MNO Mobile Network Operator
ODU Radio outdoor unit associated with microwave radio antennas
OH&S Occupational Health and Safety
Omni Antenna Omni-directional antenna deployed within a cell/sector
Optus Singtel Optus Pty. Ltd.
Optus Manager Optus State Project Manager or representative
Optus Mobile Optus Mobile Pty Limited
OSD Optus Standard Document (specification or standard drawing)
Panel Antenna Directional antenna employed within a cell or sector
RF Radio Frequency
RRU Remote Radio Unit
Sail Area Effective area used to determine wind forces on an antenna and/or headframe.
Product of the projected area and the drag co-efficient
Tower Support structure for cellular and microwave antennas including steel lattice
towers, guyed masts (masts) and steel or concrete poles (monopoles)

2 Tower Design Principles

2.1 General
The design and performance of the tower structure shall be in accordance with the current editions of Australian
Standards listed Appendix A. The following specific information is provided in order that relevant stability,
strength, and serviceability states can be calculated.
Where conditions imposed by a relevant Australian Standard are more stringent than the performance
requirements detailed below the requirements of the relevant Australian Standard shall prevail.
All new towers shall be designed and fabricated for a design working life of fifty (50) years. All structural
elements shall be warrantied for an actual service life period of ten (10) years.
All new Optus towers shall be designed for the following loads (or actions):
• All permanent (dead) and imposed (live) loads to AS/NZS 1170.1
• Wind loads to AS/NZS 1170.2
• Snow and ice loads (where applicable) to AS/NZS 1170.3
• Earthquake loads (where applicable) to AS 1170.4
Loading combinations shall be in accordance with Section 4 of AS/NZS 1170.0 for ultimate and serviceability
limit states.
Optus will also permit a design life reduction for existing structures, refer 2.3.1 for further details.

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2.2 Quality
The Tower Supplier’s Quality Plan must be approved by Optus before any supply can occur. The quality of all
steelwork shall meet all the requirements specified or referenced in AS4100, including Australian Standards
referenced in AS4100. The Tower Supplier’s Quality Plan must specifically address the below items in relation
to quality, but may not be limited to:
• Steel
• Bolts, nuts, and washer (incl strengths and required markings)
• Welds
• Hot dip galvanising
• Brittle fracture
• Details to avoid stress concentration
• Fatigue
• Internal Auditing System
• Auditing System by external third parties
• Continuous improvement
• Traceability and certification of original steel quality.
• Mill test report

For steel or structures fabricated overseas, the structural steel shall meet or exceed AISC (Australian Institute
of Steel Construction) requirements and shall satisfy all criteria for certification by ACRS (Australasian
Certification Authority for Reinforcing and Structural Steels).

2.3 Structure Importance & Design Life

Unless advised otherwise by the Optus Manager, the tower supplier shall adopt an Importance Level 2 (normal
structures Table F1 of AS/NZS 1170.0).
For Importance Level 2, the annual probability for exceedance for wind, snow & ice, and for earthquake loads
shall be in accordance with AS 1170.0 Appendix F, and in accordance with Clause F3, for a design working life
of not less than a of 50 years for normal structures.
In special circumstances, if a higher Importance Level is required in accordance AS1170.0 or the BCA (e.g.
post disaster function or particular public buildings), an escalation must be sent and written approval is required
from the Optus Mobile Deployment Engineering Manager.
2.3.1 Reduction in Structural Importance & Working Life of Existing Structures
Optus no longer permits a reduction in Structural Importance or Design Working Life of Optus or Indara
structures or Optus equipment located on structures owned by others (e.g. power authorities), unless under
special circumstances. In such circumstances, any reduction in the Structural Importance or Design Working
Life must be escalated to and written approval provided by the Optus Mobile Deployment Engineering Manager.

2.4 Design Loading Conditions

2.4.1 General
Optus towers, or towers commission by Optus on behalf of Indara shall be designed to support the loading
conditions specified in Section 2.4.2, and must take into account relevant structural design actions and
serviceability limit state conditions as specified in this Specification, relevant Australian Standards, Codes of
Practice or where specifically specified by a relevant Statutory Authority.
Structural design activities are also to be conducted in accordance with the requirements of OSD-010 Optus
Design & Construction Specification, clause 2.5 Structural Design.
Bushfire protection measures must be considered and designed in accordance with section 10 of this
Specification and OSD-010 Optus Design & Construction Specification.

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2.4.2 Site Specific & Generic Loading Conditions

Optus towers, or towers commissioned by Optus on behalf of Indara, (including lattice towers, monopoles and
guyed masts) shall be designed for the greater of the site specific loading condition or the current applicable
generic loading condition, specified in Appendix B. Loading conditions specific to Indara are also listed in
Appendix B. Optus Suppliers are to only follow Indara loading conditions where specifically instructed by
Optus. The instructions from Optus will advise whether loads are to account for just Indara (ATN) Tenant 1 or
both Indara (ATN) Tenant 1 and 2. The Optus Supplier must pass these instructions on to the Tower Supplier.
The relevant generic loading condition (e.g. 20 ESA, 24 ESA or 30 ESA) for will be advised by the Optus
Supplier.

2.5 Permanent Loads

The Optus tower supplier shall be responsible for accounting for the self-weight of the tower structure, including
platforms, access ladders and cages, headframes, feeder cable tracks, etc.
The tower supplier shall also be responsible for assessing other permanent and imposed loads in accordance
with AS/NZS 1170.1.

2.6 Wind Loads

Wind loading is to be assessed for each specific site in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.2, loading information
released by equipment suppliers and industry recognised wind tunnel test reports released from time to time.
Shielding affects are to be taken into account where relevant using sound engineering judgement.
Local topographic parameters shall be determined by site specific assessment using relevant topographic maps
and other assessment tools. The wind assessment information for the specific site shall be provided by the
Optus Supplier for design services on a pro-forma similar to that included in Appendix C and forwarded to the
Tower Supplier. The Tower Supplier is to assess and verify the wind assessment information.

2.7 Snow and Ice Loads

2.7.1 General
Snow and ice loads shall be considered for Optus towers deployed in sub-alpine and alpine regions of Australia.
These regions, defined in AS/NZS 1170.3, are summarised below:
Sub-Alpine
• Central and Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, above 600 metres AHD
• Southern Tablelands, New South Wales & Victoria, between 600 and 1200 metres AHD
• Tasmania, between 300 and 900 metres AHD
Alpine
• Tasmania, above 900 metres AHD
• Southern Tablelands, New South Wales & Victoria, above 1200 metres AHD
Snow and ice loads shall be determined in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.3. Combinations with other loads
shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0

2.7.2 Protection Measures for Optus Antennas & Equipment

The type of tower structure to be used in alpine regions are to provide for the minimum area which may be ‘filled
in’ with snow and ice accumulation. For monopoles specified in alpine regions, Optus prefer steel unless the
concrete equivalent is manufactured to suit the conditions.
Protection measures described below shall be applicable for all Optus towers in alpine regions, unless specified
otherwise by the Optus Manager. Protection measures for Optus towers in sub-alpine regions shall be provided
only when specified by the Optus Manager.
Antennas and microwaves

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Where specified, the tower supplier shall supply protective shields above Optus antennas, microwaves, AAUs,
RRUs and ancillary equipment. The shield shall cover each antenna and its mounting. The tower supplier,
however, may elect to supply protective shields which cover a group (sector) of antennas.
For protection from snow and ice build-up on the upper-most antennas on the tower, a horizontal frame with
galvanised steel mesh infill shall be supplied above each Optus antenna.
For protection from falling debris (ice spikes), an angled frame with galvanised steel plate or mesh shall be
provided above each Optus antenna. These type of guards shall be provided where a clear fall distance of 5
metres or greater or where an overhead assembly (e.g. headframe) is present.
Feeder Cables and Waveguides
Where specified, the tower supplier shall supply protective guards for all exposed horizontal runs on the tower.
The guard shall be galvanised steel mesh and of sufficient strength to provide protection from ice falls from
higher levels of the tower.

2.8 Earthquake Loads

2.8.1 General
Earthquake loads shall be determined in accordance with AS 1170.4. For steel lattice towers and guyed masts,
Appendix C of AS 3995 may be used as a guide for earthquake design.
Combinations with other loads shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0.

2.8.2 Probability Factor

The probability factor (kp) shall be taken from Table 3.1 of AS 1170.4. For an annual probability of exceedance
of 1 in 500 (structure Importance Level 2) kp = 1.

2.8.3 Hazard Factor

The hazard factor (Z) for the tower location shall be taken from Table 3.2 or Figures 3.2(A) – 3.2(F) of AS
1170.4 for an annual probability of exceedance of 1 in 500 (structure Importance Level 2).

2.8.4 Site Sub-Soil Class

The site sub-soil class depends on the ground/sub-soil conditions present at the tower and shall be determined
in accordance with Section 4 of AS 1170.4 together with the geotechnical investigation report provided by the
Optus Manager or its agents.

2.8.5 Earthquake Design Category

The earthquake design category (EDC) shall be determined from Table 2.1 in AS 1170.4 for the tower height
and site sub-soil class.
AS1170.4 will typically classify Optus towers as EDC II or II, unless they are less than 12 meters high, in which
case they will be determined as EDC I.

2.8.6 Analysis
Earthquake loads shall be determined by static analysis to Section 6 for EDC II towers and by dynamic analysis
to Section 7 for EDC III towers.
Combinations with other loads shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0.

2.8.7 Design
Design of structural components for earthquake loads shall be in accordance with AS 3995 or AS 4100 (steel)
or AS 3600 (concrete).

2.8.8 Design of Non-Structural Components

Design of non-structural components for earthquake loads shall be in accordance with Section 8 of

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AS 1170.4.

2.9 Corrosion Protection

All new sites (rooftops, towers, concrete or steel monopoles, co-locations, signs, other structures, etc) are to be
assessed and assigned a Corrosivity Category in accordance with the code AS2312.2 Guide to the protection of
structural steel against atmospheric corrosion by the use of protective coatings Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing.
The Corrosivity Category is to be noted on all Structural Certifications for structures.
Any site classified as C5 or CX is to be escalated to Optus with the recommendation of applying a duplex
coating system (painting finish over the Hot Dip Galvanising) to provide additional protection and extended life
in these extreme corrosive locations.
Painting finishes may also be appropriate for concrete monopoles in corrosive environments to provide
additional corrosion protection to internal reinforcing steel.
All hot dip galvanising must be undertaken and comply to AS/NZS 4680 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on
fabricated ferrous articles.

2.10 Standard Headframe Design & Loading

New structures are to be designed and supplied with a headframe capable of supporting the equipment for the
maximum loading condition to suit the relevant Optus program.
The maximum loading configurations for the standard Optus greenfield sites and corresponding headframe are
provided in Appendix B, including the effective wind loading (“sail”) areas and weights for associated antennas
and other ancillary equipment.

2.10.1 Slimline Monopoles

The standard headframe for slimline monopoles is a turret mount.

2.10.2 Monopoles
Standard monopoles must be designed and supplied with an Optus approved headframe supporting these load
configurations. Headframes are to be top mounted to the monopoles. Alternatives proposed by the Optus
Supplier will also be considered, however these require approval from Optus.

2.10.3 Towers and Guyed Masts

Headframes shall be triangular and designed for the nominated load configuration by the Tower Supplier and
submitted to Optus for approval. Hexagonal headframes for guyed masts proposed by the Tower Supplier will
also be considered, however, require approval from Optus.

2.11 Headframe, Grouped Antennas & Other Wind Loading Data

2.11.1 Lattice Towers & Guyed Masts
The effective wind loading (“effective sail area”) areas for Optus equipment and headframes for Towers and
Guyed Masts is set out in Appendix B.
The effective sail areas take into account shielding of leeward antennas, RRUs, MHAs, combiners, and
headframe/mount components. The designer is not to make any deductions for shielding of the tower members
at headframe/mount level when using the values in Appendix B. If additional equipment greater than those list
for the loads in Appendix B is required, the designs may make appropriate reductions for shielding using sound
and experienced engineering judgement.
For Optus lattice towers and guyed masts, an additional sail area of 0.48 m2 per linear metre (equivalent to 16-
of 7/8” feeder cables, unstacked) applied from the top of the tower to 3 metres above ground, shall be included
for antenna feeder cables, which allows for future additions. If the feeder cables are to be stacked or installed
in a ‘piggy-back’ fashion, the tower supplier may reduce the feeder cable sail area allowance to a maximum of
50 percent of the unstacked allowance.

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The tower designer is to calculate the relevant loads imposed on the structure in accordance with Australian
Standards.

2.11.2 Monopoles
The effective wind loading (“effective sail area”) areas for Monopoles are set out in Appendix B.
The effective sail areas take into account shielding of leeward antennas, RRUs, MHAs, combiners, and
headframe/mount components. The designer is not to make any deductions for shielding of the tower members
at headframe/mount level when using the values in Appendix B. If additional equipment greater than those list
for the loads in Appendix B is required, the designs may make appropriate reductions for shielding using sound
and experienced engineering judgement.
The tower / monopole supplier shall make necessary adjustment to the drag force coefficient of the structure
due to the presence of the cable ladder riser and other fittings on the monopole (e.g., step-pegs).
The tower designer is to calculate the relevant loads imposed on the structure in accordance with Australian
Standards.

2.12 Individual Antenna Physical and Wind Loading Data

All new towers are to be designed in accordance with section 2.4.2. In some cases, site constraints may result
in a reduction in loading from Appendix B. In these cases, generic panel antenna loading may be used.

2.12.1 Generic Panel Antennas

The relevant Optus Project Guidelines will advise what antennas are to be used for the particular site design
and drawing documentation. The physical and wind characteristics to be adopted for structural design purposes
for Greenfield sites only, for generic Optus panel antennas, are to be based on:
• 10 port antennas - worst case of the Huawei 10 port or Commscope 10 port
• 12 port antenna – worst case of Huawei 12 port or Commscope 12 port panel, refer loads listed in
Table 1 below:
Panel Antenna Huawei 10 Commscope Huawei 12 Commscope Commscope Tongyu
Port Panel 10 Port Panel Port Panel ‘Modern’ 12p 12 Port Panel
Model Number APE4517R0 RV4PX310R ASI4517R1 RRV4-65D-R6 R2V4PX310R D609017/
Q172717DER
Length (mm) 2688 2533 2600 2688 2490 2680
Width / 349 353 548 498 641 500
Diameter (mm)
Depth (mm) 166 209 150 197 209 158
Weight (kg) 38 37 78 51.5 72 71
Max Thrust (kN) 1.03 1.32 1.96 1.217 2.2 1.6
Wind Speed 150 160 200 160 160 216
(kph)
Effective Sail 0.99 1.11 1.87* 1.004 1.86 TBA
Area (m2) –
Frontal

Table 1 – Generic Panel Antenna Data

Unless specified otherwise, Optus new towers shall be designed for the Optus generic 12 port panel antennas, as
applicable.
*ESA valves shown are frontal area only. Current antenna data sheets are to be consulted and different azimuths are also
to be considered when determining maximum valves.

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2.12.2 Non-Standard Panel Antennas

The physical and wind characteristics for the most commonly specified non-standard panel antennas for new
tower sites are listed in Table 2 below:
Panel Antenna Commscope 10 Port Commscope 12 Port
Make & Model RV4PX308R RV4PX306R R2V4PX306R
Length (mm) 2066 1599 1560
Width / Diameter (mm) 353 353 630
Depth (mm) 209 209 209
Weight (kg) 36 26 50
Max Thrust (kN) 0.93 0.68 1.25
Wind Speed (kph) 150 150 150
Max Sail Area (m²) 0.89 0.65 1.2

Table 2 – Panel Antenna Data - Current

Values in table are taken from manufacturer’s published specifications

For assessment of existing towers, the information in Table 3 below may be useful.
Cellular Antenna Argus Kathrein Argus RFS Allgon
Make & Model CPX-310 CNPX-310 742 213 742 215 CNA010 CPX310-D DPS60-16 DPS60-13 Omni 9dB
Length (mm) 2630 2630 1942 1302 3300 2670 2262 1260 3000
Width / Diameter (mm) 300 370 155 155 ø52 370 310 310 80
Depth (mm) 115 120 69 69 - 160 105 105 -
Weight (kg) 23 30 10 7.5 6.5 21 27 19 11
Front Effective Sail Area (m2) 0.88 0.78 0.11 0.07 0.21 1.0 0.64 - 0.28
Front Thrust at 44.4 m/s (kN) 1.04 0.92 0.16 0.10 0.25 1.2 0.80 - 0.33
Rear Effective Sail Area (m2) 0.95 1.21 0.26 0.17 - 1.3 1.28 0.77 -
Rear Thrust at 44.4 m/s (kN) 1.13 1.43 0.38 0.25 - 1.6 1.62 0.93 -

Table 3 – Panel & Omni Antenna Data - Existing

Values in table are taken from manufacturer’s published specifications

2.12.3 Microwave Radio Antennas (Parabolic Antennas)

Unless specified otherwise, the tower supplier shall design for Andrew ® high performance microwave radio
antennas fitted with shields and planar radome covers. Table 4 below specifies the "worst case" data for
antenna sizes used by Optus.
Microwave Antenna – Size (mm) 300 600 1200 1800 2400
Weight (kg) 10.4 18.5 77 127 203
Maximum effective sail area (m2) 0.17 0.50 1.52 3.42 6.14
Front force @ v=55.6 m/s (kN) 0.30 0.93 2.82 6.35 11.3
Side force @ v=55.6 m/s (kN) 0.15 0.46 1.4 3.14 5.59
Torsion moment @ v=55.6 m/s (kNm) 0.047 0.22 0.83 2.21 4.9

Table 4 – Microwave Radio Antenna Data

Values in this table are taken from Andrew Corporation Catalog 38
(55.6 m/s = 200 kph rated wind speed)

Grid-type antennas, which have a lower weight and wind load values than ‘solid’ units of the same diameter, are
limited to a transmission frequency of around 3.7GHz and hence are no longer specified by Optus. Information

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for these antennas is provided to assist with the structural assessment of existing towers supporting this type of
antenna (quite common on Telstra towers).
Grid-Type Antenna – Size (mm) 1300 2000 2400 3000 4000
Weight (kg) 23 90 128 190 235
Maximum effective sail area (m2) 0.78 1.97 2.83 4.38 7.52
Front force @ v=55.6 m/s (kN) 1.45 3.65 5.25 8.12 13.94
Side force @ v=55.6 m/s (kN) 0.84 1.91 2.67 4.54 7.78
Torsion moment @ v=55.6 m/s (kNm) 0.48 1.82 2.99 5.26 10.90

Table 5– GRIDPAK® Microwave Antenna Data

Values in this table are taken from Andrew Corporation Catalog 38

An additional sail area of 0.2 m2 shall be allowed for each microwave radio antenna’s outdoor unit (ODU), to be
located at the same elevation as the antenna. For microwave radio antennas fed by waveguide there is no
ODU on the tower.

2.12.4 Microwave Radio Antennas with Integral ODUs

The physical and wind characteristics for microwave antennas with integral ODUs are as tabled below.
Antenna Model Optus Generic Nokia Nokia ‘DMR’ Huawei
‘Flexihopper’
Size (mm) 300 600 300 600 300 600 300 600
Weight (kg) 15 25 14 18 25 32 13.5 11
Maximum effective sail area (m2) 0.2 0.6 0.18 0.52 0.27 0.57 0.25 0.68
Frontal force @ v=55 m/s (kN) 0.4 1.1 0.34 0.94 0.35 0.90 0.46 1.26
Side force @ v=55 m/s (kN) 0.2 0.5 0.15 0.45 0.49 1.04 0.23 0.62
Torsional moment @ v=55 m/s (kNm) 0.1 0.3 0.09 0.25 0.08 0.33 0.18 0.49

Table 6 – Small Integrated Microwave Antenna Data

Values for Nokia and Huawei are taken from manufacturers published specifications.

300mm and 600mm diameter microwave radio antennas are typically deployed in metropolitan installations.
Information for the superseded ‘Flexihopper’ and ‘DMR’ model antenna is provided for assessment of existing
towers.

2.12.5 Remote Radio Units (RRUs)

All new Optus structures shall be designed for a total number RRUs specific to the Optus program, in
accordance with Appendix B. The RRU effective sail areas shall be calculated based on their mounting
arrangement and grouping per sector.

2.13 Steelwork replacement for site upgrade or strengthening designs

All bolts connecting structural steelwork, mounts, headframes or similar steel components on Optus structures
must be replaced with new bolts, if the bolts are removed for any reason, as part of upgrade works. This
measure is designed to assist with renewing bolts that may have been subject to excessive fatigue during their
service life. The new bolts must comply with all relevant Australian Standards and specifications.
For bolts that remain attached to the section of hardware being upgraded or strengthened and so are not
removed as part of the upgrade works, the Supplier must follow the relevant designer’s instructions as to
whether or not those bolts are to be replaced.
Optus also requires that all bolts used meet the designer’s specifications in terms of grade, type and size and
must be installed strictly in accordance with the designer’s instructions in relation to torque and correct washer
and nut type.

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Also, designer is to assess all structural members, bolts, brackets, straps, chains and the like that are
connected to or support or are impacted by or are part of the structural support system of the new loads for the
proposed site upgrade or strengthening works, and are to confirm if they are still fit for purpose, particularly with
regards to fatigue. Where necessary, designers are to specify rectification or replacement for such structural
members.
Further, when conducting this assessment, should the designer identify a structural member that is not being
upgraded or is not part of the part of the structural support system of the new loads for the proposed site
upgrade or strengthening works and it is likely to have experienced extended fatigue loading over time and may
be at risk of a fatigue related failure the Supplier is to escalate the matter to the Optus Manager and is to
recommend an appropriate course of action.

2.14 Tower Serviceability Limit States

2.14.1 General
In addition to the serviceability requirements of AS/NZS 1170.2, Optus towers shall not have a deviation greater
than the values given in Section 2.14.2 for more than 5 minutes per year (or 0.001% of the time). This
represents a basic gust wind speed of 27 metres per second for all wind regions and has been adopted for
telecommunications purposes.
In certain circumstances, Optus may accept a serviceability basic gust wind speeds of 24 m/s and 20m/s, which
can be expected to be exceeded 0.01% (50 minutes per year) and 0.1% of the time (9 hours per year)
respectively, for assessing the serviceability limit for microwave antennas at a specific site.
The serviceability limits apply to the vectorial sum of vertical and horizontal (torsional or twist) rotations of the
tower at the level of the critical antennas or at the top of the tower. Rotation about the line-of-sight axis is not
included. For most lattice towers and monopoles, the horizontal rotation is insignificant and hence the
calculated vertical rotations only need to be compared with the limits specified in Section 2.14.2.
Lateral deflection (displacement) of the tower at the telecommunications serviceability wind speed is not critical
as deflection limits applicable to the tower structure itself will always govern.

2.14.2 Serviceability Limit for Optus Towers

Optus towers shall be also designed for serviceability limit state by limiting rotations under the action of wind
loads as defined in Section 2.6 for the site specific serviceability wind speed to not greater than:
• 2° at the top of the tower for non-microwave dependent towers
• 1º at the top of the tower for microwave dependent towers
Optus or the Optus Supplier for design services will specify whether or not the site is microwave dependent. In
either case, the structure must be designed to structurally accommodate all MW dishes as per the relevant
generic loading in Appendix B.
The site serviceability wind speed is equal to the basic serviceability gust wind speed multiplied by the site
Topographic Multiplier and other wind multipliers, as calculated by the tower supplier (based on topographic
information provided by the Optus Supplier for design services on the Wind Assessment form).
The 2º and 1º serviceability limits apply to the combined rotation of the tower structure and its foundation.

2.15 Antenna Serviceability Limit States

2.15.1 Cellular Antennas
The allowable rotation limit of Optus panel antennas is 2.25 degrees (beam width of 5 degrees) which may be
critical if there are no microwave radio antennas on the tower (i.e. site is linked by Optus fibre optic or by a
leased line). There is no specified limit for omni-directional antennas.

2.15.2 Microwave Radio Antennas

Microwave radio antennas are the critical antennas for tower design (particularly on monopoles and guyed
masts) due their more stringent rotation limits.

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For specific site designs, the allowable rotation for various sizes of microwave radio antennas used by Optus is
tabled below:
Microwave Antenna 300 600 1200 1800 2400
Diameter (mm)
Operating Frequency (GHz) 38 38 (15) 15 7.5 7.5
Beam Width (Degrees) 1.7 1.0 (2.4) 1.2 1.5 1.1
Rotation Limit (Degrees) 0.76 0.45 (1.08) 0.54 0.67 0.49

Table 7 – Microwave Radio Rotation Limits

Values in this table are taken from manufacturer’s specifications
Rotation Limit = (0.90 x Beam Width) / 2

The specific rotation limit is a linear function of the beam width, which is dependent on the antenna’s operating
frequency (beam width narrows as operating frequency rises). Table 7 above lists the beam width and rotation
limit for the ‘worst case’ application for a given antenna size. The values in brackets are for a lower operating
frequency.
For some towers, the rotation limits for specific microwave antennas near the top of the tower may be more
stringent than the 1° limit at the top of the tower specified in Section 2.14.2.

2.16 Optus Structural Assessment Summary

The Optus Structural Assessment Summary, refer Appendix 1, shall be completed and submitted to Optus, with
an accompanying structural certification, for any site where Optus retains ownership of the structure for
upgrades or new greenfield sites. The Optus Structural Assessment Summary is no longer required for Indara
owned structures.
Specific instructions relating to OSD-030 Attachment 1 are included within OSD-030 Attachment 1.

3 Tower Performance Requirements

3.1 Tower Types

Towers specified for the Optus mobile telephone network can be grouped into 3 major groups:
• Self-supporting lattice towers (lattice towers)
• Self-supporting poles (monopoles)
• Guyed masts (masts)

3.2 Self-Supporting Lattice Towers

Self-supporting lattice towers shall be of hot dip galvanised steel construction and shall be preferably triangular
shaped (of equal sides) in plan. Tower elements are to be circular in section (solid or hollow). Other forms may
be acceptable subject to approval of the Optus Manager.
Lattice towers are be designed and fabricated as a modular type of system, such that tower sections can be
added or deleted to form towers of different heights.
The tower supplier may elect to design and fabricate standard lattice towers suitable for the generic loading
subject to different wind conditions.
Alternatively, the tower supplier may elect to provide a standard range of “geometric” designs, where member
sizes are varied to suit the site specific loading and wind conditions.

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3.2.1 Connections
Connections between structural members must be designed in accordance with AS4100 and follow the
recommendations of AISC (Australian Institute of Steel Construction) wherever possible, particularly where
cleats are welded or slotted into the member. All bolted connections, whether on squashed or cleated ends,
must be designed with a minimum of two bolts.

3.2.2 Bracing
Tower designs must adhere to the relevant standards, including AS3995, to increase the buckling capacity of
major structural members under certain conditions, such as concentrated vertical loads which may occur during
construction activities. The slenderness ratio of members must be within the limits set in AS3995.
Horizontal plan bracing must be incorporated into the design in the lower sections of the tower. In addition to
reducing lateral deflection of major horizontal members, plan bracing allows safer tower access by providing
additional tie-off points for harnesses.

3.2.3 Headframes
Unless specified otherwise by the Optus Manager, the tower supplier shall provide one headframe at the top of
the tower to support the site specific or generic loading configuration of panel antennas and other equipment as
detailed in Appendices B. Headframe designs must be approved by Optus.

3.2.4 Individual Antenna Mounts

Face or leg mounted microwave antennas on the tower shall have individual mountings complying with Sections
3.4.3 and 3.6.
The tower supplier shall use the applicable wind loading data in Sections 2.12.2 and 2.12.3 and shall make
allowance for the weight of and wind loading on the supporting members.

3.3 Self-Supporting Poles (Monopoles)

Optus monopoles shall be steel with a hot dip galvanised finish or prestressed spun concrete.

3.3.1 Standard Monopoles

Optus standard monopoles shall have a provision for one headframe to allow for Optus requirements.
The top of the monopole shall be detailed to allow for bolting on of a future pole extension, headframe or turret.
The tower supplier may elect to design and fabricate a range of standard monopoles suitable for the applicable
generic loading subject to different wind conditions.
Standard monopoles shall have provisions for installation of antennas (Section 3.3.4) and feeder cables
(Section 5.3 or 5.4).

3.3.2 Slimline Monopoles

Slimline monopoles shall have the capacity to accommodate the generic loading conditions detailed in
Appendices B. Factors, such as planning and property, usually dictate the decision to use a slimline monopole.
Unless specified otherwise, primary access to antennas is by external means, such as EWP. However, step-
pegs/ladder with fall arrest system may be specified for access to the microwave radio antennas.
Slimline monopoles shall have the provisions for installation of antennas (Section 3.3.4) and feeder cables
(Section 5.3.3 or 5.4.3).

3.3.3 Lap-Jointed Steel Monopoles

Steel lap-jointed monopoles shall be designed to enable a rigger to safely guide monopole sections when being
manoeuvred by a crane during erection. Minimum requirements are:
• Two handles, aligned on either side of the climbing ladder, shall be welded to the bottom of each
section to enable a rigger to safely guide sections without having to grip the underside edge.

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• Climbing ladder, if specified, shall extend to a distance not less that 200mm from the top edge of
the monopole section to minimise the need for a rigger to hold onto the top edge of sections. Any
cantilevered section of climbing ladder shall be designed to support the load of a rigger and lateral
forces induced by a rigger guiding a monopole section during windy or difficult conditions.
Lap-jointed monopoles shall be designed such that the minimum lap distance is not less than 1.5 times the
diameter of the top of the monopole section below.

3.3.4 Monopole Antenna Supports

Steel monopoles shall be supplied with steelwork to support the antennas. This steelwork shall be in the form
of a headframe or individual mounts, as per Section 3.3.5 below, to achieve the requirements of Sections 3.4.3
and 3.6.
Concrete monopoles are normally supplied without antenna supports. Steelwork is separately supplied in
various forms, as per Section 3.3.5 below, to achieve the requirements of Sections 3.4.3 and 3.6.

3.3.5 Monopole Antenna Support Types

i. Headframes
The preferred headframe is a hexagonal headframe, although triangular and circular headframes may also
be suitable options for some monopole antenna support. All headframes must be designed to
accommodate the standard panel antenna and associated equipment as detailed in Appendix B.
ii. Spoke or ‘Mercedes’ Headframe
Suitable for all slimline and standard monopoles for attachment of antennas and other equipment as
detailed in Appendix B.
Refer to Optus Standard OSD drawings for details of the spoke headframe that should be utilised.
iii. Turret
Suitable for all slimline and standard monopoles for attachment of antennas and other equipment as
detailed in Appendix B.
Refer to Optus Standard OSD drawings for details of the turret that should be utilised.
iv. Collar Mounts
Suitable for all slimline and standard monopoles for attachment of 3-off cross-polar panel antennas. Also
suitable for attachment to existing ‘clean’ monopoles.
Refer to Optus Standard OSD drawings for details of the collar mounts that should be utilised.
v. Individual Strap Mounts
Suitable for all slimline and standard monopoles for attachment of cross-polar panel and microwave radio
antennas. Also suitable for attaching to existing monopoles with external cable ladder riser(s).
Refer to Optus Standard OSD drawings for details of the strap mounts that should be utilised.
External access to all headframe types (e.g., EWP) is the default. In some circumstances a working platform
may be required. Refer to Section 7.
The monopole supplier may offer their own standardised antenna support steelwork to suit their monopole
design and meet all the requirements of this Specification. For individual antenna mounts on steel monopoles,
the tower supplier may elect to fabricate the mounts integrally with the monopole.

3.4 Guyed Masts

Guyed masts shall be of hot dip galvanised steel construction, triangular shape (of equal sides) in plan. Mast
elements are to be circular in section (solid or hollow). Other forms may be acceptable subject to approval of
the Optus Manager.
Guyed masts shall be designed and fabricated as a modular type of system, such that sections can be added or
deleted to form masts of different heights.

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Typically, guy wires will be attached at several levels on each mast leg to concrete anchor blocks. Preference
is for a single anchor block for each leg’s set of guy wires. The tower supplier to provide torsional stabiliser at
different guy wire attachment points where necessary. Refer to section 3.4.3 for guy design requirements.
Guyed masts are sensitive to antenna positioning. The tower supplier is to assess the sensitivity of guyed
masts by analysing with antennas either raised or lowered by a nominal distance. Other design aspects the
tower supplier is to assess consider includes how guyed mast span slenderness relates to second-order effects
and mass concrete foundation design, particularly overturning resistance.
The tower supplier may elect to design and fabricate a range of standard guyed masts suitable for the
applicable generic loading subject to different wind conditions. The minimum wind conditions shall be Region
A, Terrain Category 2 and Topographic Multiplier of 1.
In accordance with Section 7 guyed masts shall be designed for access by only experienced and qualified
riggers.

3.4.1 Headframes
Unless specified otherwise by the Optus Manager, the tower supplier shall provide one headframe at the top of
the mast to support the site specific or generic loading configuration of panel antennas and associated
equipment as detailed in Appendix B.
The headframe may also consist of individual modules, each capable of supporting up to 3-off panel antennas
and 1-off 1200mm diameter microwave antenna.
In any case, the headframe or headframe modules shall provide for a minimum of 1 metre separation between
panel antennas on each face. Antenna mountings on the headframe shall comply with Sections 3.4.3 and 3.6.
Headframes for guyed masts shall include a trafficable platform with floor grating to facilitate antenna
maintenance access in accordance with Section 7.2.

3.4.2 Individual Antenna Mounts

Face or leg mounted microwave antennas on the guyed mast shall have individual mountings in accordance
with Section 3.4.3 and 3.6.
The tower supplier shall use the applicable wind loading data in Sections 2.12.2 and 2.12.3 and shall make
allowance for the weight of and wind loading on the supporting members.

3.4.3 Guy Strength Design

The strength design of guys and associated termination shall be based on modified provisions of section 3.4.2
of AS3995 with a special capacity reduction factor, whereby the design axial tensile force (N*t) shall satisfy the
following equation;
N*t ≤ Ø × Øo × Nt
where:
Ø = capacity factor in accordance with Table 1.8 of AS3995
Øo = special capacity reduction factor equal to 0.8
Nt = nominal section capacity of guy in tension in accordance with clause 3.4.2.2 of AS3995

The additional special capacity reduction factor Øo shall also be applied to the strength design assessment of all
fittings attached directly to the guys, including turnbuckles, shackles and tensioning rods.

3.5 Panel Antenna Requirements

3.5.1 Elevation and Azimuths Tolerances
All headframes, leg mounts and strap-on mounts shall be constructed to within 0.5m of the specified elevation
and 10° of the specified azimuths. The final alignment will be provided in the antenna installation by rotating
each antenna on its individual vertical mounting pole.

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3.5.2 Antenna Mounting Pole

Each panel antenna is mounted on a pole which shall be installed within 1° of vertical with sufficient space to
fasten the antenna brackets. The antenna brackets require a clear vertical area on the pipe mount of at least
80mm.
All mounting poles shall be hot dip galvanised steel of 76mm outside diameter and 3.0m in length, unless
specified otherwise by the Optus Supplier for design services.

3.6 Microwave Radio Antenna Requirements

3.6.1 Elevation and Azimuths Tolerances
Elevations and azimuths of microwave radio antennas will be specified on the Site Drawings to meet the
specific line-of-sight requirements.
The headframe or individual mount for microwave radio antennas shall be constructed to within 0.5m of the
specified elevation and 10˚ of the specified azimuth. The microwave antenna is panned (rotated) to obtain the
best alignment with the microwave antenna at the far-end (link) site. Adequate space must be provided on
either side and behind the antenna to allow for the panning adjustment.

3.6.2 Antenna Mounting

Large diameter (1800mm or greater) microwave antennas are mounted to the face of lattice towers and guyed
masts with sufficient spacing to allow for panning. 1200mm diameter microwave radio antennas may be face
mounted or leg mounted. Small diameter (300mm and 600mm) microwave antennas are nearly always leg
mounted with sufficient spacing to allow for panning. These antennas require that the mounting pipe have a
minimum 250mm stand-off from the tower leg.
On monopoles, microwave antennas are usually strapped mounted with the antenna mounting pipe 400mm out
from the monopole to allow for panning. Refer to Standard Drawings OSD-340 for details.
Microwave antennas, 1200mm diameter and greater installed on towers and monopoles, additional steelwork
shall be provided for the attachment of the antenna’s side strut (for azimuth adjustment and dish side support).
For towers, the additional steelwork is provided by the tower supplier. For monopoles, mounts may be
fabricated to Standard Drawing OSD-350.

3.6.3 Antenna Mounting Pole

Each microwave antenna is mounted to a pole which shall be installed within 1° of vertical with sufficient space
to fasten the antenna brackets. The pole may accommodate the antenna itself and, where specified, an
outdoor unit (ODU) mounted close to the antenna (usually beneath).
All mounting pipes shall be hot dip galvanised steel of 114mm outside diameter.
For microwave radio antennas 600mm or smaller in diameter, the mounting pipe shall be 1200mm long to
accommodate up to 2-off 600mm diameter antennas.

3.7 Remote Radio Unit Requirements

Refer to relevant equipment manufacturers manuals for mounting methods and clearances.

4 Tower Foundations

4.1 Design Principles

In accordance with Section 2.4.2, all Optus tower structures shall be designed for greater of the site specific
loading and the applicable generic loading condition.

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

All Optus tower structure foundations, however, shall be designed to match the capacity of the tower structure
selected for the site. This allows equipment to be added to the tower in the future, taking the wind loading up to
the tower’s capacity without being limited by the foundation capacity. This methodology discourages tower
suppliers providing towers that are ‘over designed’.
For Optus monopoles, if the pole design is governed by the serviceability deflection criteria the foundation can
be designed for greater of the applicable generic loading condition and the site specific loading conditions and
not the monopole’s strength capacity.
The recommended foundation rotation limit (in the vertical plane) for all Optus towers is 0.3° at the ground line
subject to the site specific or generic antenna loadings at the serviceability wind speed. As for the tower
structure design, the serviceability basic gust wind speed adopted for telecommunications purposes is 27 m/s.
The tower supplier may elect to limit foundation rotation to less than 0.3° in order to allow for a more flexible
tower structure and still comply with the overall tower serviceability limit state specified in Section 2.14.

4.2 Geotechnical Investigation

All tower foundation designs shall be based on the specific geotechnical information for the tower site.
A site specific geotechnical investigation shall be carried out by a qualified and reputable geotechnical engineer.
All laboratory testing shall be carried out by a NATA registered laboratory.
The site work shall include a minimum of one backhoe excavated test pit or drilled borehole at or near the
proposed tower. The test pit or borehole shall be excavated or drilled below the base of the tower foundation in
order to ascertain the condition of the material under the foundation. The geotechnical engineer shall be
present on site to instruct the machine operator on the location of and depth of the exploration. When specified,
soil resistivity tests shall be carried out.
The geotechnical report shall include, but not limited to, the following:
• Borehole/test pit log(s)
• Soil properties, such as undrained or short term strength parameters cu and u; bulk unit weight;
stiffness values (E); internal friction angle
• Allowable or ultimate end bearing pressures and skin friction (for monopole designs)
• Observations on water table levels, evidence of settlement or subsidence
• Soil resistivity test results, when specified
The report shall make recommendations on suitable footing designs for the tower, including suitable founding
level. The report shall advise on any precautions during construction (e.g. temporary lining).
A copy of the report shall be forwarded to the tower supplier.
Where allowable soil parameters are recommended the report shall state the safety factors that have been
applied to enable the foundation designer to relate recommended values to limit state loads.
Ideally geotechnical parameters shall be based upon ultimate limit state design with a recommended
geotechnical strength reduction factor in accordance with AS2159-2009 Piling Design and Installation, and
amendments.
At the commencement of foundation works, the Optus Supplier’s appointed geotechnical engineer shall be
present on site to confirm the actual ground conditions resemble those reported.

4.3 Lattice Towers and Guyed Masts

The tower supplier shall be responsible for the design of the appropriate foundation system based on the
geotechnical report provided.
Typically for lattice towers, a foundation may consist of buried pedestals on a large pad footing, drilled piers and
rock anchor systems. Guyed mast foundations consist of a base pad for the mast and mass concrete anchor
blocks for each guy location.

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4.4 Monopoles
4.4.1 Standard Steel Designs
Steel monopoles are base mounted on a concrete foundation incorporating steel holding down bolts. Set-out
templates and the holding down bolts shall be provided by the tower supplier. The tower supplier is to offer
standard foundation designs for varying ground conditions.
The preferred design in suitable (no rock) ground is circular reinforced concrete bored pier with a ring of high-
tensile steel holding-down bolts cast-in for base mounting of the monopole. Suitability of bored pier foundations
where deep sand strata or high water table is present shall be reviewed and confirmed by the Optus Supplier.

4.4.2 Standard Concrete Designs

Concrete monopoles are embedded directly into the ground as standard. Standard foundation designs for
direct embedment of Rocla concrete monopoles are detailed on Standard Drawing OSD-200.
The standard foundation comprises a cylindrical foundation into which the butt of the monopole is placed and
the excavation backfilled with high early strength concrete. In some instances, usually determined by shear
forces, the butt of the monopole itself is also backfilled with concrete to ground level. The depth of the
foundation matches the standard embedment specified by monopole supplier and the diameter varies with the
monopole type. The butt section is placed on a layer of concrete to prevent local bearing failure beneath the
wall of the monopole.
Where the standard foundation is found unsuitable, modifications of the standard foundation or a site specific
foundation will be designed and detailed by the monopole supplier. The Optus Supplier may propose, design
and certify alternative foundation designs when approved by the Optus Manager.

4.4.3 Non-Standard Foundation Designs

If the standard design fails to meet either the ultimate strength criteria or the rotational criteria, the Optus
Supplier shall conduct a critical review of the parameters used in the assessment and then consider alternative
designs.
i. Steel
For soft ground, options include (a) increased pier diameter, (b) extensions to the standard foundation, or (c) a
piled cap. For hard rock that is difficult to excavate, options include large shallow slab and pedestal or rock
anchors and pedestal.
ii. Concrete
For soft ground, options include (a) increased foundation diameter, (b) extensions to the standard foundation, or
(c) reinforced concrete collar with embedded monopole butt section, or (d) pile and cap with based-mounted
pole. For hard rock that is difficult to excavate, options include (a) shortened embedment (check shear), (b)
mass concrete shallow pad footing with based-mounted monopole, or (c) rock anchors and pedestal.

5 Feeder Cable Requirements

5.1 General
All towers must properly support and protect the feeder cables, which connect the equipment inside the shelter
or equipment room to the various antennas located on the tower. Adequate feeder cable support must be
provided in both the horizontal and vertical directions, allowing the bending radii as specified below to be
achieved, and to alleviate prolonged stresses that result from feeder cable being unsupported over a period of
time which may cause cable fatigue and degrade cable RF performance.

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Physical characteristics of feeder cable used by Optus are specified in Table 8 below. Other types of feeder
cables may be used subject to the approval of the Optus Manager. Feeder cable type and size is specified by
Optus and shall not be varied without approval of the Optus Manager.
Antenna Type Cable Type Cable Outer Cable Min. (Preferred)
& Cable Run (Nominal Size) Diameter (mm) Bending Radius (mm)
Hybrid Fibre & DC Huber + Suhner 36# 500 – 600
(standard & long runs) 9/18 MLEH
(Huber + Suhner 6/12 MLEH) (24) (400)
Cellular Coaxial AVA5-50, LDF5-50 * 28 250 (300), 300 (450)
(standard run) (7/8”)
Cellular Coaxial AVA7-50, LDF7-50 * 50 380 (450), 510 (600)
(long run) (1-5/8”)
Cellular Coaxial LDF6-50, VXL6-50 40 380 (450)
(medium-long run) (1-1/4”)
Cellular Coaxial FSJ4-50B 14 32 (50)
(antenna tails) (1/2”)
Microwave Radio Composite base band (1/2”) 21 N/A
(15, 18, 23 & 38 GHz) Coaxial LMR400 (3/8”) 10 25 (100)
(7.5 GHz) Coaxial base band 11 55 (150)
RG213, RG214 (1/2”)
Microwave Radio Elliptical waveguide Refer to Optus Manager for
site specific waveguide requirements

Table 8 – Feeder Cable Data

# for wind load design diameter of hybrid fibre and DC cable to be not less than 36mm
* No longer manufactured by Andrew® Corporation

5.2 Lattice Towers and Guyed Masts

Vertical support of feeder cables shall be provided by horizontal support brackets, either 600mm wide ladder
track or individual V-brackets. The location of the supports is to be indicated on the Site Drawings.
For ladder track, provide 2-off tracks located on either side or within reach of the tower access ladder. For V-
brackets, locate on tower leg within reach of the tower access ladder.
Ladder track or V-brackets shall run the full height of the tower beginning at 2 metres above ground level. For
ladder track, the horizontal cable support members shall be spaced vertically at a maximum of 1.5 metres.
Similarly, the V-brackets shall be spaced vertically at a maximum of 1.5 metres.
Each horizontal support member of ladder track or V-bracket shall have 12-off 19mm diameter holes at 50mm
spacing and shall have the capacity to accept the Andrew® snap-in hanger cable supports.
Other technical solutions, which provide adequate support of feeder cables, may be used subject to the
approval of the Optus Manager. Supports that allow ‘stacking’ of feeder cables to reduce the effective wind sail
area may be used subject to the approval of the Optus Manager.

5.3 Steel Monopoles

5.3.1 General
Panel and microwave antenna feeder cables are normally suspended inside the monopole, supported at the top
from stainless steel cable hangers (“socks”) which are hung off steel hooks provided by the monopole supplier
above the exit port(s).

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Above ground feeder cable runs enter the monopole via entry port(s) provided on the monopole. Buried feeder
cables enter through the base of the monopole via conduits installed in the foundation. All steel monopoles
shall have provisions for both means on entry.
The monopole supplier shall provide a spout or hole at the base of the monopole to allow for drainage of water
that may enter the monopole via the tip, entry or exit ports.

5.3.2 Standard Monopoles

An entry port 300mm wide and 600mm high shall be provided at either 2500mm or 1050mm above ground level
as specified by the Optus Supplier. Galvanised steel hinged or screw fixed covers shall be installed over the
entry port to prevent intrusion by birds.
Exit ports shall be provided, each a minimum of 150mm wide x 300mm high. One exit port shall be positioned
at the level of each headframe and located directly above its associated entry port. Hinged or screw fixed rust-
resistant covers shall be fitted on all exit ports to prevent intrusion by birds and insects (to remain permanently
on unused ports).
All cable entry and exit ports shall be suitably stiffened to ensure they provide the equivalent structural capacity
of the monopole section at that elevation without openings.
The tower supplier shall provide 2-off galvanised steel hooks or a hanging rod above each exit port to support
up to 18-off feeder cables.

5.3.3 Slimline Monopoles

A single entry port shall be provided, a minimum of 150mm wide and 400mm high, and positioned either
2500mm or 1050m above ground level as specified by the Optus Supplier. A galvanised steel hinged or screw
fixed cover shall be installed over the entry port to prevent intrusion by birds (to remain permanently on unused
ports).
Exit ports shall be provided only when specified. When there are no exit ports all feeder cables shall exit
through the tip of the monopole. The tip opening shall be a minimum of 150mm in diameter. The supplied
monopole cap may be modified by the Optus cable installer on-site for the passage of feeder cables or
discarded.
All cable entry and exit ports shall be suitably stiffened to ensure they provide the equivalent structural capacity
of the monopole section at that elevation without openings.
The tower supplier shall provide 2-off galvanised steel hooks or a hanging rod at the top of the monopole to
support up to 18-off feeder cables.

5.4 Concrete Monopoles

5.4.1 General
As for steel monopoles, cellular and microwave antenna feeder cables are suspended inside the monopole,
supported at the top from stainless steel cable hangers (“socks”) which are hung off a steel tube inserted into
the monopole lifting bar sleeved holes provided with the monopole.
Aboveground feeder cable runs enter the monopole via entry port(s) provided on the monopole. Buried feeder
cables enter through the base of the monopole via conduits installed in the foundation. All concrete monopoles
shall have provisions for both means on entry.
Unless specified otherwise, all items described below shall be provided by the monopole supplier.

5.4.2 Standard Monopoles

An entry port 300mm wide and 600mm high shall be provided at either 2500mm or 1050mm above ground level
as specified by the Optus Supplier. Galvanised steel wire mesh, with 25mm square openings, shall be installed
over the entry port to prevent intrusion by birds. The mesh shall be press-fit inside the port opening or fixed
externally with galvanised steel saddles fixed to the monopole with light gauge galvanised masonry anchors.
Two M10 stainless steel ferrules shall be provided at 100mm below the bottom of the entry port for the support
of an elevated cable ladder from the shelter or equipment room.

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Three exit ports shall be provided, each a minimum of 150mm wide x 300mm high. One exit port shall be
positioned near the tip of the monopole, one at 5.5 metres and one at 10 metres below the tip.
Hinged rust-resistant metal flaps shall be provided by the monopole supplier on all exit ports to prevent intrusion
by birds and insects (on unused ports).

5.4.3 Slimline Monopoles

The main cable entry port shall be a minimum of 150mm wide and 400mm high and positioned 2500mm or
1050mm above ground level as specified by the Optus Supplier. Galvanised steel wire mesh, with 25mm
square openings, shall be installed over the entry port to prevent intrusion by birds. The mesh shall be press-fit
inside the port opening or fixed externally with galvanised steel saddles fixed to the monopole with light gauge
galvanised masonry anchors.
Two M10 stainless steel ferrules shall be provided at 100mm below the bottom of the entry port for cable ladder
support.
A second, 100mm wide by 300 deep cable entry port shall be provided 500mm below ground level to allow for
installations having a buried feeder cable run to the monopole.
Exit ports are not required on slimline monopoles, with all feeder cables exiting through the tip of the monopole.
The tip opening shall be a minimum of 150mm in diameter. The supplied monopole cap may be modified by the
Optus cable installer on-site for the passage of feeder cables or discarded.

6 Lightning Protection and Earthing

6.1 Lightning Protection

The tower legs for lattice towers and guyed masts, reinforcing steel for concrete monopoles and steel
monopoles themselves are intended for use as an earthing down conductor. No specific requirement for a
lightning finial is imposed by this Specification.

6.1.1 Lattice Towers & Steel Monopoles

Lattice towers and steel monopoles shall have a single-hole lugs welded to the top and bottom of the tower
structure. Each single-hole lug shall have holes providing for M10 clearance.

6.1.2 Concrete Monopoles

One M12 stainless steel ferrule shall be provided near the tip of the monopole for earthing of the headframe,
cellular antenna mounts and microwave radio antenna mount(s). One M12 stainless steel ferrule shall be
provided near ground level for connection, by others, to the site external earth ring in accordance with the
‘Optus Earthing Specification’ (OSD-020).
Each ferrule shall have at least two welded connections to the monopole reinforcing steel. Earth ferrules shall
have provision for single-hole lug connection providing M10 clearance.

6.2 Tower Earth Bars

Cellular antenna feeder cables on towers are earthed via proprietary earthing kits terminating on tower earth
bars. All feeders/hybrid and IF cables are to be earthed.
A minimum of three (3) earth bars are required for standard Optus installations - two (2) to be installed on the
structure and one (1) at the shelter or cabinet. For structures higher than 70m, an intermediate earth bar is
required within 1m of the middle of the structure height.
Tower earth bars shall be at antenna level, within 1m of headframe/mounting arrangement, and at the base of
structure.

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6.2.1 Lattice Towers & Guyed Masts

A minimum of two (2) earth bars are required on structure - one (1) at antenna level, within 1m from
headframe/mounting arrangement, and another one (1) just above the cable ladder carrying the feeder cabling
from the equipment shelter or cabinets to tower.
For towers and guyed mast, integrated earth plates are required on the headframe/mounting arrangement, as
detailed in section 6.2.3.
For lattice towers and guyed masts of 70 metres and above in height, an additional tower earth bar shall be
provided at mid-height on the cable ladder track or V-brackets provided by the tower supplier.

6.2.2 Monopoles
A minimum of two (2) earth bars are required on the monopole - one (1) at antenna level, within 1m from the
headframe/mounting arrangement, and one (1) just above the cable ladder carrying the feeder cabling from the
equipment shelter or cabinets to the monopole.
For Optus monopoles, integrated earth plates are required on the headframe/mounting arrangement, as
detailed in section 6.2.3.
On steel monopoles, the tower supplier shall provide single-hole cleats for connection of the tower earth bar.
On concrete monopoles, the tower earth bar is connected to the earthing ferrule provided.

6.2.3 Integrated Earth Plates

All Optus headframes and mounting arrangements (for cellular antenna and/or microwave) shall have
integrated earth plates designed and welded at each antenna sector for cellular antenna and mounts for
microwave. These are to cater for the earthing requirements of Optus tower-mounted equipment.
All RRUs associated with antenna systems and ODUs associated with radio/microwave shall be earthed to an
individual earth point on integrated earth plates.

6.3 Site Earthing (By Others)

All towers and monopoles shall be earthed to the exterior protective earthing ring in the shortest possible route
in accordance with the ‘Optus Earthing Specification’ (OSD-020).

7 Structure Access Provisions

7.1 General
All towers shall be designed, built and maintained to allow safe, continuous access (weather permitting) to all
cabling, equipment and antennas. EWP access is the preferred means of access. Where a site is deemed
unsuitable for ongoing EWP access, Optus or the Optus Supplier for design services may specify the inclusion
of a fall arrest system and ladders/step pegs for poles.
When a fall arrest system and ladder/step pegs are specified, the structure must be designed to safely support
2 riggers at any height during periods when normal access is possible (weather permitting).
It is imperative that all applicable Occupational Health & Safety regulations to be satisfied in the design of
access provisions all tower structures.
Access ladders / devices, when specified, shall commence at 3 metres above ground level. A ladder keeper or
rail shall be provided at this level for the attachment of a portable ladder (by others).

7.1.1 Lattice Towers & Guyed Masts

Access arrangements for Optus lattice towers and guyed masts shall be for Class B and Class C structures
respectively in accordance with Appendix B of AS 3995.

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For lattice towers access ladders shall be rung type ladders inside the tower. For slimmer towers, where the
provision of the internal access ladder is not possible, an external ladder or step pegs welded to the tower may
be used subject to approval by the Optus Manager. All lattice towers and guyed masts and their ladder systems
shall allow climbing by double hook attachment methods.
For lattice towers, rest platforms shall be provided at appropriate levels in accordance with AS 1657.
A fall arrest system is not required for lattice towers or guyed masts unless specified by Optus, however, note
as per Appendix D, all lattice towers and guyed masts must have a ladder and trafficable headframe.

7.1.2 Monopoles
Monopoles shall not be climbable and are to be accessed by EWP, as standard. They are to be supplied
without a fall arrest system or climbing hardware, and shall have a non-trafficable headframe, except as
detailed below.
Monopoles will only require a fall arrest system, climbing hardware and trafficable headframe in accordance
with the criteria outlined in Appendix D. Optus or the Optus Supplier for design services will advise the
monopole supplier when a fall arrest system and/or climbing hardware are required.
When specified, climbing hardware shall be a single stile ladder with rungs (as associated with steel
monopoles) or step pegs (as associated with concrete monopoles), and fall arrest systems must be Lad-Saf™.

7.2 Trafficable Headframes

Where required as set-out above and also in Appendix D, a trafficable headframe shall comprise: a grid mesh
platform, horizontal structural members that form handrails / guardrails, intermediate rails and a toe-board that
meet the requirements of AS1657. Trafficable headframes shall also have an access hatch and must safely
support two persons (maximum 120kg each) plus tools and equipment.
Personnel working on the headframe shall be connected to a fall restraint system at all times.
Mean of Lanyard attachment shall be provided that allows access to all areas of the headframe, antennas,
cabling and equipment. One attachment point is to be provided for each antenna sector located on the upper
face of the main central structural member, midpoint for each sector. Where the headframe does not have a
main central structural member, the attachment point shall be designed to be centrally located on the
headframe floor. Anchor points shall comprise fully welded steel cleats or bent steel bar and must be designed
for a fall arrest load.
The headframe access hatch is to provide a "hold open" device or latch to keep the hatch in a ‘normally open’
position. The access fall arrest system cable shall pass through the access hatch in the headframe and extend
into the headframe such that workers can safely detach once inside the headframe, in accordance with
AS1657. Handgrips or grab rails shall also be provided above the hatch to facilitate access into the headframe.
Platforms must be skid resistant in wet conditions and shall be permanently fastened to the tower structure.
Temporary working platforms are not permitted. Materials used to fabricate the working platform shall be hot
dipped galvanised steel or anodised aluminium.

7.3 Fall Arrest Requirements

When required, fall arrest systems supplied with structures must be DBI-SALA Lad-Saf™.
All ladders shall comply with AS1657, and fall arrest devices shall comply with and be installed in accordance
with AS/NZS1891 series with the aim of a 5 year full service frequency being recorded, where Site conditions
allow. The fall restraint systems must:
a) be assembled and installed by a Trained/Accredited installer;
b) be inspected at the time of installation and a metal certification label attached to the structure
containing the inspection date, name of the installation company, number of users allowed on the
assembly at one time, the inspection frequency required for the system and have provision for service
inspection records to be recorded;
c) contain an installation report which is to be provided to Optus with the handover documents.

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d) Optus prefers that the installer records an inspection frequency of up to 5 years at the time of
installation, where Site conditions allow.
e) In some cases the installer may recommend a maintenance frequency of less than 5 years where
harsh environmental conditions exist.

7.4 Anti-Climb Devices

Tower access must be designed in such a manner that unauthorised climbing will be prevented. The access
point shall be at 3 metres above ground. Where specified by the Optus Supplier, an anti-climbing system shall
be installed. Tower supplier shall be responsible for the design and supply of the anti-climbing device.
The tower supplier must provide a basic handbook, manual or instruction sheet detailing the safe operating
limits/loading tolerances for each type of structure. This will include information regarding safe loading
conditions with rigging personnel present and nomination of safety lead connection points of the cable for
withstanding full arrest loading as per applicable Australian Standards.

8 Tower Lighting (Aircraft Obstacle)

8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 General Requirements
The requirement to provide obstacle lighting on Optus towers will originate from the controllers of the airspace
in the vicinity of the Optus tower and would be either the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA, Federal Airports
Corporation (FAC), Department of Defence or a local Council who administer a local airport.
Under the civil aviation regulations, CASA may determine that an Optus tower which will intrude into navigable
airspace will be required to be provided with obstacle lighting. Outside the obstacle limitation surfaces of an
aerodrome, obstacle lighting will be required if the tower will be more than 110 metres above ground level. This
situation may arise if an Optus tower is located on a hilltop near the aerodrome resulting in a combined height
exceeding 110 metres.
The controlling authority’s requirement for obstacle lighting is to clearly state the level of lighting required, either
“low” or “medium” intensity (or a combination of both) and from this the type of lighting and monitoring can be
determined.
Aircraft obstacle lighting of Optus towers shall be provided in accordance with this Section, which describes the
installation of “low” and “medium” intensity obstacle lighting, its monitoring, inspection and maintenance of
equipment using long-life light emitting diode (LED) lamps.
Obstacle lighting on Optus towers shall operate night and day (24/7) with an option to operate at night only by
means of a photoelectric cell.
Obstacle lighting will be provided by the shelter supplier or the tower supplier as directed by the Optus
Manager.

8.1.2 Exemption
Optus towers may be exempted from obstacle lighting requirements if CASA, in an aeronautical study,
assesses the tower as being shielded by another lit object or that the tower is of no operational significance.

8.1.3 Definitions and References

CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority
FAC Federal Airports Corporation
FAA Federal Aviation Administration (USA)
ICAO International Civil Aeronautics Organisation
LED Light emitting diode

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MOS 139 - 9 CASA Manual of Standards Part 139 – Aerodromes

Chapter 9: Visual Aids Provided by Aerodrome Lighting
OLS Obstacle limitation surface defined in MOS 139 Part 9 - Section 1
PE cell Photoelectric cell
FAA Advisory Circular 70/7460-1 - Obstruction Marking and Lighting
FAA Advisory Circular 150/5345-43 E 10/19/95: L-864 & L-885
ICAO Annex 14 Volume 1 Chapter 6: Medium Intensity Type C Fixed Obstacle Light

8.2 System Configuration and Components

8.2.1 General Arrangement
The tower lighting system is comprised of the following components:
• Luminaire(s)
• Terminal box for cabling at the luminaire(s)
• Lighting controller and monitor unit
• External photoelectric (PE) cell (optional)
• Power cabling between the controller / monitor and the terminal box and the luminaire(s)
• Bypass switch on the PE cell circuit for testing purposes
The tower lighting system shall be DC powered, preferably 48V, available from the equipment shelter/outdoor
cabinets/equipment room’s DC Power System rack. Alternatively, the system can be powered from single-
phase AC mains supply available from a dedicated breaker in the equipment shelter/equipment room main
distribution panel and having an integrated AC-DC converter to run the LED lamps.
The tower supplier or Optus Supplier may propose alternative makes or models of equipment, providing the
Optus Manager product information and appropriate approvals and statements that the alternative meets the
requirements of this Specification, CASA and FAC regulations.

8.2.2 Luminaries (LED Lamps)

A single omni-directional red low intensity obstruction light utilising a cluster of high intensity clear LEDs emitting
red light and housed in a weatherproof housing (IP65 or better) having a smooth clear glass lens or red glass
cover that matches the colour of the LED lamps. A scratchproof polycarbonate lens/cover is an acceptable
alternative.
A terminal box, integrated with the luminare or externally mounted, shall allow for termination of the power
cabling from the ground controller/monitor and power to the luminaire. The terminal box shall have terminals for
connection of a remote photoelectric cell and is to have an in-built over-voltage protection device.
The LED luminaire shall be installed at the top of the Optus tower. The complete luminaire lens must be
checked to ensure it has an uninterrupted view of 360° in azimuth, from 3° degrees below the horizontal to 90°
above the horizontal. The luminaire must be mounted at least 200mm above any panel antenna or any other
solid object.

8.2.3 Controller / Monitor

The controller / monitor unit is to be installed be inside the equipment shelter, outdoor cabinet (inside door of
power bay) or equipment room and shall be connected to the allocated breaker in the DC power system rack
(for 48V DC units) or main distribution panel (for 230V AC units). There shall be no interposing switches placed
between the circuit breaker and the controller / monitor.
Mains powered controller / monitor shall be connected to socket outlet installed for tower lighting and controlled
by a switched separate circuit labelled ‘Tower lighting only’.
Refer to the Section 8.3 and Section 8.4 for details of the controller / monitor for “low” and “medium” intensity
obstacle lighting installations respectively.

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8.2.4 External Photoelectric Cell (Optional)

When specified, the photoelectric (PE) cell shall be compatible with the controller/monitor unit and installed
external to the equipment shelter/equipment room. The PE cell shall be located on site to best monitor ambient
light levels.

8.3 Low Intensity Obstacle Lighting

8.3.1 Basic Requirements
Low intensity obstacle lights are ‘steady burning’ red lights and are used on non-extensive towers whose height
above the surrounding ground are less than 45 metres.
The requirement of low intensity lighting is for fixed lights emitting Aviation Red having intensity sufficient to
ensure visibility in all directions in azimuth and from 3° below to 90° above the horizontal.
The required intensity shall not be less than 10 candelas (cd) between 3° below and 90° above horizontal, a
peak intensity of 100 cd minimum, a vertical spread of 10° and a vertical distribution of 100 cd minimum at +6°
and +10° above the horizontal.

8.3.2 Concession
For Optus towers that do not infringe the obstacle limitation surfaces, where CASA has determined that
obstacle lights are not required, but Optus has been requested to provide obstacle lights by others, such as the
Local Council or the Site Provider, then a lower specification obstacle lighting with peak intensity 32 cd
minimum, vertical spread of 10°, and 32 cd minimum at +6° and +10° above the horizontal may be provided.

8.3.3 Luminaries
Approved low intensity 100 cd LED luminaires include the following:
• Obelux Aeronautical Lights 100-48-CST distributed by ICS Industries Pty Ltd (48V DC)
• Airport Lighting Specialists 100-48-CST (same as the Obelux unit)

8.3.4 Controller / Monitoring Unit

A controller / monitor unit shall be provided with the following features:
• Robust and weatherproof enclosure (IP65 or better)
• Capability to control and monitor at least 2-off outputs
• Current monitoring at all outputs with adjustable level settings
• Connection for remote PE cell
• Alarm output relay with NO and NC contacts
• Indicator LEDs for over/under current for each output
• Test mode or bypass/override switch
The controller / monitor may also have built-in flasher unit to control medium intensity lighting.
Approved 48V DC controller / monitors are:
• Airport Lighting Specialists CSW-DCW-0x-F (2 or 4 outputs)
• Obelux CSW-48-16-F, distributed by ICS Industries Pty Ltd, has built-in flasher unit
• Airport Lighting Specialists CSW-048-16-F (same as Obelux unit)

8.4 Medium Intensity Obstacle Lighting

8.4.1 Basic Requirements
Medium intensity obstacle lights shall be used either alone or in combination with low intensity lights, where:
a. The tower is 45 metres or more above the surrounding ground; or

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b. CASA determines that early warning to pilots of the presence of the tower is desirable.
Medium intensity obstacle lights shall be flashing red lights, visible in all directions in azimuth. The flashing red
light is also known as a hazard beacon.
The frequency of flashes shall be between 20-60 flashes per minute. Preferred frequency is 40 flashes per
minute with flash duration of 500 milliseconds on, 250 milliseconds off.
The peak effective intensity shall be 2000  25% candelas (cd) with a vertical distribution as follows:
a. Vertical beam spread shall be 3 minimum (beam spread is angle between two directions in a plane
for which the intensity is equal to 50% of the lower tolerance value of the peak intensity)
b. At - 1 elevation the intensity shall be 50% minimum and 75% maximum of lower tolerance value of
the peak intensity
c. At 0 elevation the intensity shall be 100% minimum of the lower tolerance value of the peak intensity.

8.4.2 Additional Low Intensity Lighting

Additional low intensity lights shall be provided at lower levels to indicate the full height of the tower, spaced as
equally as possible, between the top lights and ground level. The spacing between the lights shall not exceed
45 metres.
Provide two (2) single low intensity lights on opposite legs of the tower so that the lighting is visible from all
directions. One light is not acceptable as the tower will block its view from some direction.

8.4.3 Luminaries
Approved medium intensity LED luminaires include the following:
• Obelux Aeronautical Lights MI-IF-048 distributed by ICS Industries Pty Ltd
• Airport Lighting Specialists MI-IF-048 (same as ICS)
• Point Lighting Corporation POL v3 LED

8.4.4 Controller / Monitor

A controller / monitor unit shall be provided with the following features:
• Robust and weatherproof enclosure (IP56 or better)
• Beacon flasher circuit with selectable flash frequencies and durations incl ‘steady-burning’
• Fail-safe mode that keeps the beacon ‘steady-burning’ upon flasher failure
• Capability to control and monitor combination of medium and low intensity lighting
• Capability to control and monitor up to 4-off outputs
• Current monitoring at all outputs with adjustable level settings
• Connection for remote PE cell
• Alarm output relay with NO and NC contacts
• Indicator LEDs for over/under current for each output
• Test mode or bypass/override switch
Approved 48V DC controller / monitors are:
• Obelux CSW-48-16-F distributed by ICS Industries Pty Ltd
• Airport Lighting Specialists CSW-048-16-F (same as ICS)

8.5 Inspection and Maintenance

CASA regulations (MOS 139 Section 9.4.10) requires ongoing availability of obstacle lighting, with the tower
owner responsible for establishing a pro-active maintenance program to minimise lamp outage. The regulations
also require the tower owner to monitor the lighting system and report failures.

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For towers located inside the OLS of an aerodrome, visual observation of the obstacles lighting is required at
least once every 24 hours (or as agreed with CASA) or, alternatively, by an automated monitoring and
notification to the local aerodrome installed as part of the lighting system.
Inspection and maintenance of obstacle lighting on Optus towers is carried out during scheduled visits at 12
monthly intervals (i.e. annually).
All necessary maintenance is carried out during these annual inspections. Repairs are carried out as soon as
possible after the reporting of faults with or failure of the tower lighting system.

8.5.1 Annual Test

1. Confirm tower lighting are operating (visual from ground)
2. Switch off tower lighting circuit breaker - alarm activates
3. Switch on tower lighting circuit breaker - all lights come on immediately
If tower lighting is designated to operate at night time only then:
4. Open bypass switch – the lights go out immediately
5. Cover PE cell aperture if accessible – all lights come on within thirty seconds

8.5.2 Lamp Replacement

LED lamps are not replaced during the annual inspection and maintenance visits. The lamps are only replaced
if faulty or physically damaged.

8.6 Faults and Alarms

8.6.1 Equipment Failure and Repairs
If a LED lamp has failed then it shall be replaced with a new lamp and the annual test procedure carried out.
In the event of any other equipment failure, the bypass switch shall be closed, turning on the lights, until repairs
are carried out.
In the unlikely event of PE cell failure, it is normal for the cell to fail to the “ON” position. In this case the lamps
will stay on until the PE cell is replaced. This only applies if the tower lighting is designated to operate at night
time only.
If the controller / monitoring unit fails it shall be repaired or replaced as soon as possible. It is Optus’
responsibility to check that the tower lighting system is working each and every day until monitoring is restored.

8.6.2 Notification
Any alarm at the NOC is treated as an electrician problem. Whatever the cause, once an alarm has been
activated, the Optus duty controller shall contact the aerodrome manager or the control tower immediately, so
that aircraft can be informed by means of a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen).
The aerodrome official is to be advised of the alarm and a decision sought as to whether repairs should be
carried out immediately.
After repairs are successfully carried out, the Optus duty controller shall inform the aerodrome manager or the
control tower that works are complete and that the system operation is normal.

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9 Tower Painting, Marking and Signage

9.1 Painting and Marking

9.1.1 General
When specified by the Civil and Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), Federal Airport Corporation (FAC) or by
Local Council, the tower shall be painted or marked for daytime visibility.
The tower order from Optus shall nominate all requirements for painting or marking of the tower.

9.1.2 Painting
When required, Optus towers shall be painted in seven (7) contrasting bands of orange (or red) and white with
the darker colour at the top of the tower, in accordance with CASA Manual of Standards Part 139 – Aerodromes
Section 8.10.
The tower supplier shall be responsible for the selection and application of a suitable exterior, durable and low-
maintenance paint.

9.1.3 Marking
Alternatively, the tower may be left unpainted and marked with using three-dimensional brightly coloured
devices such as spheres or pyramids, etc. of a size equivalent to a cube with 600mm sides, spaced maximum
of 30 metres apart, subject to the approval of the appropriate authorities.
When specified, the outer guy wires of Optus masts shall be marked with minimum 600mm diameter bright
orange or red spheres, spaced maximum of 30 metres apart.

9.2 Signage
Tower signage shall comply with Section 6.3 of the ‘Optus Construction Specification’ (OSD-010), OSD-191 and
Mobile Carriers Forum MERCS document ‘Preferred Site Signage’ (November 2007).
The tower supplier shall attach a metal sign at approximately 1.5 metres above the base of the tower stating the
supplier’s details, date of manufacture, and tower model. Information shall be embossed rather than printed.

10 Bushfire Protection Measures

10.1 General
Where high risk Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) sites are identified, additional fire protection measures may be
required to the site. For example, these measures may include, without limitation:
• positioning the tower to minimise impact of a bushfire,
• specific additional cable-way protection requirements.
• protection measures to lower section of the tower,
• measures to minimise leaf litter and other debris to collect on parts of the tower or cable-way, or
• designing foundation to be an exposed slab to minimise grass growth across the compound.

The Optus Services Supplier will inform the Tower Supplier of such requirements and will provide required
direction.

10.2 Flammable Materials

No flammable materials, timber, plastic or the like, are to be used as permanent items fixed to any tower
structure, tower foundation, or used in or around the compound to support the ground around a tower

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foundation for any site, irrespective of the BAL rating. Examples could include timber edging around tower
foundation or compound, timber retaining walls, plastic signs or strap on towers, etc.
Flammable materials used for temporary works must be removed from site at the completion of works, unless
they are designed to be and will be buried below ground level. Examples could include timber formwork,
prefabricated plastic helical forms used for above ground piers, plastic straps, etc.

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Appendix A – Relevant Standards and Specifications

Australian Standards

AS/NZS 1170.0 – (latest release) Structural Design Actions. Part 0. General Principles
AS/NZS 1170.1 – (latest release) Structural Design Actions. Part 1. Permanent, Imposed and Other
Actions
AS/NZS 1170.2 – (latest release) Structural Design Actions. Part 2. Wind Loads
AS/NZS 1170.3 – (latest release)) Structural Design Actions. Part 3. Snow and Ice Actions
AS 1170.4 – (latest release) Structural Design Actions. Part 4. Earthquake Actions in Australia
AS 1657 – 2018 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders - design, construction
and installation
AS 3600 – 2018 Concrete Structures
AS 4100 – 1998 (and Amts latest release) Steel Structures
AS 3995 – 1994 Design of Steel Lattice Towers and Masts
AS/NZS 4677 – 2010 Steel utility services poles
AS/NZS 4065 – 2010 Concrete utility services poles

AS2312.2 Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric corrosion

by the use of protective coatings Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
AS/NZS 4680 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles
AS/NZS ISO 9001 – 2006 Quality Systems - Model in quality assurance in design, development,
production, installation and servicing

Referenced Optus Standard Documents

OSD-010 Optus Construction Specification

OSD-020 Optus Earthing Specification
OSD-060 Optus Site Access Specification
OSD-200 Standard Foundations for Rocla Monopoles
OSD-300 Antenna Turret and Mounting Details on Concrete Monopoles
OSD-310 Panel Antennas Collar Mounts on Monopoles
OSD-320 Panel Antennas Strap Mounts on Monopoles
OSD-330 Panel Antennas Spoke Mounts on Monopoles
OSD-340 Parabolic Antennas Strap Mounts on Monopoles
OSD-350 Ø1200-Ø2400 Parabolic Antennas Mounts on Monopoles
OSD-830 Earth Bar Details
VPL-STD-S001, S100-109 Standard Headframe Drawings

Referenced Optus Standard Drawings

OSD – 130 Typical Ground Site Layout & Set out Plan Monopole
OSD – 310 Panel Antennas Collar Mounts on Monopoles
OSD – 320 Panel Antennas Strap Mounts on Monopoles
OSD – 330 Panel Antennas Spoke Mounts on Monopoles
OSD – 340 Parabolic Antennas Strap Mounts on Monopoles
OSD – 350 Ø1200-ØParabolic Antennas Mounts on Monopoles
OSD – 830 Earth Bar Details

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Appendix B – Monopole & Lattice Tower Loading Tables

General
The below equipment wind loading tables apply to all new structures for greenfield sites and site replacements.
The loading tables take into account future technology requirements and efficiencies gained through conducting
wind tunnel testing. New structures are to be designed to have sufficient structural capacity for the greater of
the relevant generic ESA loading table or the site specific loading, as advised by the Optus Supplier.
The Tower Supplier must supply all mounts for all equipment as listed below for new structures build in these
programs.
• Optus Only Metro & Regional ESA Loading – these load cases are to be used where Optus will retain
ownership of the structure. Optus will provide clarification for sites where this loading is to be used.
• 20, 24 & 30 ESA Loading – these load cases apply where the structure is being designed on behalf of
or ownership will pass to Indara. Optus will provide clarification for which ESA loading applies for each
site.
• Headframes:
o Optus Only Greenfield – preferred headframe is a modular non-trafficable triangular to be
approved by Optus supplied with 3 x antenna/AAU mounting poles and 2 x RRU mounting
poles, as a minimum, per sector.
o eJV Greenfield - – preferred headframe is a modular non-trafficable triangular to be approved
by Optus supplied with 4 x antenna/AAU mounting poles and 2 x RRU mounting poles, per
sector
• AAUs for 5G & mmWave loads are included in the below loads and headframe dimensions are to suit
this equipment. AAUs can be mounted vertically above one another on the one mounting pole.
• The minimum horizontal distance between edges of antennas is not to be less than 500mm.
• The minimum vertical distance between the top of one antenna & the bottom of the antenna above, on
the same mount, is not to be less than 300mm, ideally 450mm if possible.
• ‘T’ in the tables below refers to the design height of the monopole or tower structure in meters and is
used to indicate the height of the load with respect to the design height.
o Monopoles:
▪ Headframes on monopoles are to be mounted above the top of the monopole and
thus antenna loads on the headframe are assigned a +‘ve distance with respect to
the top/design height of the monopole.
▪ Antennas and RRUs, and their mounting poles, are to be designed to be mounted
centrally in the vertical plane with respect to the headframe centre height wherever
possible and must not to be poled up above the headframe, unless there is a site
specific requirement, in which case will require a site specific mount and headframe
design.
o Towers:
▪ Headframes on towers are attached to the side of towers within the top 1m of the
tower and hence the headframe is generally 1m below. .
▪ Antennas and RRUs, and their mounting poles, are to be designed to be mounted
centrally in the vertical plane with respect to the headframe centre height wherever
possible and must not be poled up above the headframe, unless there is a site
specific requirement, in which case will require a site specific mount and headframe
design.

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Optus Only Metro 12.75 ESA Loading

- The below generic loading applies to Optus Only Metro programs, where Optus will be retaining ownership of the structure. Check site loading requirements released by Optus
and site specific load cases.

METRO OPTUS ONLY - MONOPOLE LOADING 13-Aug-19

STANDARD ALL RRU

Compact Triangular Non-Trafficable HF
Equipment
No. Per Total ESA ESA Moment
Height Total ESA Comments
Sector 3 sectors (For Info Only)

Headframe + Central HF Pole T + 1.0 Compact Triangular 1.64 12.75 331.60 Use compact trangular or hexagonal HF.
12 port Passive Antennas T + 1.0 1 x 12p 3 3.33 12p modern circa 2688 x 498 x 197 (Antenna Mount 1)
*use
5G mmWave 26-28GHz T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 604 x 300 x 100 (Antenna Mount 2 Top)
12.75m2
AAU1 5G NR TDD DB 2.3 & 3.5 GHz T + 1.0 1 3 4.70 for HF ESA Circa 1400 x 520 x 135 (Antenna Mount 2 Med)

Headframe, AAU2 5G NR FDD 1800-2100 MHz T + 1.0 1 3 when no Circa 1500 x 650 x 200 (Antenna Mount 2 Bot)
Antennas, RRUs & RRUs + Co-axial Tail Allowance T + 1.0 7 21 1.71 m/w and 21 RRUs
Ancillaries 12.0m2 for
MHAs T + 1.0 2 6 0.00 Fully shielded
HF when
Combiners T + 1.0 5 15 0.31 m/w 50% reduction due to antenna shielding
Hybrid Cables - 2 6 - deployed Fully shielded
Coaxial Cables - - - - Fully shielded
Headframe + Equip variance T + 1.0 - - 1.07 Allowance for changes in HF & equip positions & loading
MW Dishes T-3 - 1 x 0.6m 0.50 0.75 16.5
Microwaves MW ODUs T-3 - 4 0.25
MW IF Cables - 4 - Fully shielded
External Cable Tray Cable Tray 0 0.00 0
25m Pole Base ESA Moment = 331.6 ESA.m

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Optus Only Regional: 12.0 ESA + Mw Loading

- The below generic loading applies to Optus Only Regional programs, where Optus will be retaining ownership of the structure. Check site loading requirements released by
Optus and site specific load cases.

REGIONAL OPTUS ONLY - MONOPOLE LOADING 13-Aug-19

SATANDARD ALL RRU REGIONAL ALL RRU & TX HUB

Non-Trafficable/Trafficable HF Non-Trafficable/Trafficable HF
Equipment
No. Per Total ESA ESA Moment No. Per Total ESA ESA Moment
Height Total ESA Height Total ESA Comments
Sector 3 sectors (For Info Only) Sector 3 sectors (For Info Only)

Headframe + Central HF Pole T + 1.0 Compact Triangular 1.64 12.00 432.1 T + 1.0 Compact Triangular 1.64 12.00 432.1 Use compact trangular or hexagonal HF.
12 port Passive Antennas T + 1.0 1 x 12p 3 3.33 T + 1.0 1 x 12p 3 3.33 12p modern circa 2688 x 498 x 197 (Antenna Mount 1)
5G mmWave 26-28GHz T + 1.0 1 3 T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 604 x 300 x 100 (Antenna Mount 2 Top)
AAU1 5G NR TDD DB 3.6 GHz T + 1.0 1 3 4.00 T + 1.0 1 3 4.00 Single band Circa 810 x 400 x 200 (Antenna Mount 2 Med)

Headframe, AAU2 5G NR FDD 1800-2100 MHz T + 1.0 1 3 T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 1500 x 650 x 200 (Antenna Mount 2 Bot)
Antennas, RRUs & RRUs + Co-axial Tail Allowance T + 1.0 7 21 1.71 T + 1.0 7 21 1.71 21 RRUs
Ancillaries MHAs T + 1.0 2 6 0.00 T + 1.0 2 6 0.00 Fully shielded
Combiners T + 1.0 5 15 0.31 T + 1.0 5 15 0.31 50% reduction due to antenna shielding
Hybrid Cables - 2 6 - - 2 6 - Fully shielded
Coaxial Cables - - - - - - - - Fully shielded
Headframe + Equip variance T + 1.0 - - 1.02 T + 1.0 - - 1.02 Allowance for changes in HF & equip positions & loading
1 x 1.8m,
MW Dishes T-3 - 2 x 1.2m 3.0 3.60 115.2 T-3 - 4.9 5.65 180.8
2 x 1.2m
Microwaves MW ODUs T-3 - 2 x 4=8 0.5 T-3 - 6 + 4 =8 0.6
MW IF Cables - 8 0.10 - 10 0.15
MW Dishes T-5 - 2 x 1.2m 3.0 3.60 108.0
Microwaves
MW ODUs T-5 - 2 x 4=8 0.5
- Lower Level
MW IF Cables - 8 0.10
Ext'rnal Cable Tray Cable Tray 0.00 0 0.00 0
35m Pole Base ESA Moment = 547.3 35m Pole Base ESA Moment = 720.9 ESA.m

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

20 ESA Loading
- The below generic loading can apply to any Optus or Indara program, check site loading requirements released by Optus/Indara and site specific load case. The below ESAs are
derived from Optus Only and eJV loading requirements.

OSD-030 v6.4
20 ESA LOADING 17 NOV 2021

GENERIC - ALL RRU

Equipment ESA
No. Per Total ESA
Height No. Total 2 Comments
Sector 3 sectors (m )
Headframe + Central HF Pole T + 1.0 ~Triangular 1.64 19.25 Use triangular or hexagonal HF

12 port Passive Antennas T + 1.0 1 x 12p 3 3.33 12p modern circa 2688 x 498 x 197 (Antenna M ount 1)

5G mmWave T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 604 x 300 x 100 (Antenna M ount 2 Top)

5G AAU-1 T + 1.0 1 3 4.70 Circa 1400 x 520 x 135 (Antenna M ount 2 M ed)
OPTUS 5G AAU-2 T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 1500 x 650 x 200 (Antenna M ount 2 Bot)
Headframe, RRUs + Co-axial Tail Allowance T + 1.0 7 21 1.71 21 RRUs
Antennas, RRUs & MHAs T + 1.0 2 6 0.00 Fully shielded
Ancillaries Combiners T + 1.0 5 15 0.31 50% reduction due to antenna shielding
Hybrid Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Coaxial Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Headframe + Equip variance T + 1.0 - - 1.07 Allowance for changes in HF & equip positions & loading
Misc Additional Equipment 6.50
External Cable Tray 0.00 0.00 Nil - All Optus cables to be internal to monopole

MW Dishes T - 2.0 - 1 x 0.6m 0.50 0.75

OPTUS
Microwaves MW ODUs T - 2.0 - 4 0.25
MW IF Cables - 4 - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole

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24 ESA Loading
- The below generic loading can apply to any Optus or Indara program, check site loading requirements released by Optus/Indara, any project specific loading requirements such
as government or other MNOs, and site specific load case. The below generic loading is taken from the old Optus tower spec release OSD-030 v4.1 29 June 2015, and includes
allowance for a 3 microwaves and a nominal future co-location.
OSD-030 v6.4
24 ESA LOADING 17 NOV 2021

GENERIC - ALL RRU

Equipment ESA
No. Per Total ESA
Height Total 2 Comments
Sector 3 sectors (m )
Headframe + Central HF Pole T + 1.0 ~Hex w outriggers 2.30 14.80 Use triangular or hexagonal HF

12 port Passive Antennas T + 1.0 2 x 12p 6 6.60 12p modern circa 2688 x 498 x 197 (Antenna M ount 1&2)

5G mmWave T + 1.0
5G AAU-1 T + 1.0 3.90

OPTUS 5G AAU-2 T + 1.0

Headframe, RRUs + Co-axial Tail Allowance T + 1.0 6 18 1.60 18 RRUs
Antennas, RRUs & MHAs T + 1.0 2 6 0.20
Ancillaries Combiners T + 1.0 2 6 0.20
Hybrid Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Coaxial Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Headframe + Equip variance T + 1.0 - - 0.00 Allowance for changes in HF & equip positions & loading
Misc Additional Equipment Nil - All Optus cables to be internal to monopole
External Cable Tray 0.00 0.00 Nil - All Optus cables to be internal to monopole
2x1.2m &
MW Dishes T - 3.0 - 3.5 4.32
1x0.6m
OPTUS 4No. x 3m/w
Microwaves MW ODUs T - 3.0 - 0.7
= 12
MW IF Cables - 8 0.12
Future Colocate Antennas T-6 1 x 10p 3 3.00 5.20
Future Future Colocate RRUs T-6 4 12 1.80
Co-location Future Colocate Hybrid & Coax Cables T-6 3 9 0.40
2
External Cable Tray T - 6 to 3m AGL 1 x 600mm wide 0.21m /m

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 Optus Mobile, OSD-030 Tower Technical Specification, Version 6.5

30 ESA Loading
- References to ATN below shall mean Indara. The below generic loading can apply to any Indara owned sites, check site loading requirements released by Indara and any project
specific loading requirements such as government or other MNOs, and site specific equipment load case. Indara will confirm the ESA loading for each specific site. Indara will
confirm if the site is to be designed and built for:
o Structure for 30 ESA and foundation for 30 ESA + future 6 ESA extension (incl. cable tray loads), or,
o Both structure and foundation for the 30 ESA + future 6 ESA extension (incl. cable tray loads).
OSD-030 v6.4
30 ESA LOADING 17 NOV 2021

GENERIC - ALL RRU

Equipment ESA
No. Per Total ESA
Height Total 2 Comments
Sector 3 sectors (m )
ATN Tenant 2 Generic loading - HF, ant's & telco equip T+ 5 - - - 6.00 6m2 ESA for ATN Tenant 2 on future extension & cable tray loading
(Futue Extension) External Cable Tray T + 4 to 3m AGL 1 x 600mm wide 2
0.21m /m
is only to be designed into foundation for future not structure

Use triangular or hexagonal HF. Aperture is 3m high extending 1.5m

Headframe + Central HF Pole T + 1.0 Triangular/Hexagonal 1.64 19.25
above and 1.5m below CL height nominated.
12 port Passive Antennas T + 1.0 2 x 12p 3 6.60 12p modern circa 2688 x 498 x 197 (Antenna M ount 1&3)
5G mmWave T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 604 x 300 x 100 (Antenna M ount 2 Top)
5G AAU-1 T + 1.0 1 3 4.70 Circa 1400 x 520 x 135 (Antenna M ount 2 M ed)
5G AAU-2 T + 1.0 1 3 Circa 1500 x 650 x 200 (Antenna M ount 2 Bot)
OPTUS RRUs + Co-axial Tail Allowance T + 1.0 7 21 1.71 21 RRUs
Headframe, MHAs T + 1.0 2 6 0.00 Fully shielded
Antennas, RRUs &
Combiners T + 1.0 5 15 0.31 50% reduction due to antenna shielding
Ancillaries
Hybrid Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Coaxial Cables - - - - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Headframe + Equip variance T + 1.0 - - 1.00 Allowance for changes in HF & equip positions & loading

Misc Additional Equipment T + 1.0 3.30

External Cable Tray 0.00 0.00 Nil - All Optus cables to be internal to monopole

MW Dishes T - 2.0 - 1 x 0.6m 0.50 0.75

OPTUS
MW ODUs T - 2.0 - 4 0.25
Microwaves
MW IF Cables - 4 - Fully shielded - assumed to be within monopole
Generic loading - HF, ant's & telco equip T-5 - - - 10.00 10m2 ESA for ATN Tenant 1 loading at height nominated & cable
ATN
tray. Aperture is 3m high extending 1.5m above and 1.5m below
Tenant 1 External Cable Tray T - 5 to 3m AGL 1 x 600mm wide 2
0.21m /m height nominated.

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Appendix C – Wind Assessment Form

WIND ASSESSMENT TO AS/NZS 1170.2 (latest release)

Site No.: _______________________ Site Name: _________________________________________

Tower Description: ______________________________________________________

Site Coordinates:

Site Drawing(s): ______________________________________________________

Wind Region

Obtain from Figure 3.1 in AS/NZS 1170.2

N
Adopt Region _________________
W E
Climate Change Multiplier _________

Terrain Category
S
Adopt Category _________________ (all directions),

or directional terrain categories as shown:

Topographic Multiplier

Clause 4.4 to determine the Topographic Multiplier (Mt,) for the following site topographic parameter values:

Direction H (m) Lu (m) x (m)

North-East
East
South-East
South
South-West
West
North-West
North

Wind Direction Multipliers

Obtain from Table 3.2(A) for Wind Regions A0 to A5 and Regions B1, B2, C & D.
Obtain from Table 3.4 Climate Change Multiplier (Mc) for all Regions.

Wind Assessment made by: .....................................................................................................................

Wind Assessment verified by: .....................................................................................................................

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Appendix D – Criteria for Fall Arrest and Climbing Hardware

The need for a fall arrest system, access system and trafficable or non-trafficable headframes on new structures will be
determined based on the following Optus criteria:

1) Fall arrest systems are not required on lattice towers and guyed masts, regardless of EWP accessibility or
structure height. However, note, all lattice towers and guyed masts must have an access ladder and
trafficable headframe.
2) All monopoles greater than 40m in QLD, NSW & Vic and greater than 35m in WA, SA, NT & TAS, must
have a fall arrest, climbing hardware (e.g., ladder or step pegs) and a trafficable headframe, also note point
3 below.
3) Where EWP access is not viable for any monopole site, a fall arrest, climbing hardware (e.g., ladder or step
pegs) and a trafficable headframe must be provided. Criteria is to be assessed as per the below:
a) space to physically park & deploy an EWP is restricted;
b) site is close to power lines, requiring tiger tails to be installed for EWP access each time;
c) EWP deployment will require road closure and traffic management plans, requiring local council and/or
police approval;
d) site is located in the flood prone or low laying area, where site access will be impacted by wet weather;
e) compound with access track restrictions (4x4 access track only - unsuitable for anything but a 4WD,
limited width or height);
f) compound is located on sloping ground, requiring additional levelling and hard stand area to be built if
future maintenance access via EWP is required.

When required, the Tower Supplier will supply the fall arrest system and ladder/step pegs as part of the supply of the new
structure. The Vendor shall ensure that the Tower Supplier is aware of the need to include or omit the fall arrest system
and ladder.

The Optus approved fall arrest system is the “Lad-Saf™” brand by SALA.

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Appendix E – New Structural Design & Order Summary Form

The below form is to be completed by the Optus Services Supplier and sent to Optus when the Services
Supplier requires a new structure design from Optus’ Tower Supplier(s).

New Structural Design & Order Summary

Site Number
Site Name
Structure Type
Structure Height
Pole mounted platform Required
Headframe Type
AOP Program

Generic Loading Reference

Site Specific Loading

Footing Recommendation
Antenna Access (EWP / climbing / other, provide details)
Anti-Climbing Requirement
OSD-030 Appendix C – Wind Assessment Form (Supplier to attach)
Rotation limits
Geotechnical Report (Supplier to attach)
Survey Plan (Supplier to attach)
DSL drawing (Supplier to attach)
Photos (Supplier to attach)

Others / Comments
(Site in flood prone area, site containing ASS, etc)

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Attachment 1 – Optus Structural Assessment Summary

Refer separately released and managed document OSD-030 Attachment 1 – Optus Structural Assessment Summary.

< Document End>

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