Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Awareness on the Harmful Effects of E-Cigarette

Smoking “Basis for Health Education”
1
AGORILLA, PRECIOUS JE-ANNE F., 2AYES, MICAH ALYSSA JOY M., 3BALDERAS, ELJAN GABRIEL A.,
4
CORDERO, ANTHONY A., 5CORPUZ, NINO ANGELO A., 6DOCO, JHANELLE KYLE V.,
7
GALINGANA, MARKHIPOLITO P., 8GANADIN, VIRGILIO D., 9SAN JOSE, RALPH EDISON P.,
10
TELA, HAROLD JUNE B.
Micah Alyssa Joy M. Aye, Eljan Gabriel A. Balderas, Ralph Edison P. San Jose

Abstract:- Electronic cigarettes are becoming recognized 2007 and have evolved many times since then, with older
as one of today's teen habits. They use E-cigarettes as an versions designed to resemble regular cigarettes, cigars,
alternative to smoking cigarettes or tobacco. Teenagers pipes, pens, and even USB flash drives.
believe that smoking helps relieve tension from a long Metro Manila, November 15 (CNN Philippines) On
day of work as a part of their way of life. The purpose Friday, the Department of Health (DOH) verified the
of this study was to determine and assess the awareness country's first instance of electronic cigarette or vaping-
on the harmful effects of E-cigarette smoking among the associated lung injury (EVALI). The instance, which was
users in 4 barangays in Echague, Isabela. The study used reported in Visayas, included a 16-year-old girl who had
a quantitative design and used snowball sampling type been smoking e-cigarettes for six months, according to the
of research design to determine the respondent’s Health Department. Officials stated that the patient had
awareness on the harmful effects of E-cigarettes. been using the substance "concurrently with cigarettes," a
Demographic data and 4point Likert-scale type items practice known as "dual usage" by the Department of Health.
were used to gather needed information. Data was The patient, who was hospitalized on October 21, first
collected by online surveys using Google Forms and face- appeared with sudden-onset acute shortness of breath,
to-face surveys utilizing printed questionnaires and necessitating oxygen supplementation and ICU admission,
were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The findings according to the department's statement. As today, EVALI
indicated that the majority of respondents were males, is a recognized condition associated with the use of vapes
their length of use is 2 years. Most of them are 21 years causing direct lung injuries.
old and are undergraduate. The findings show that the
respondents are slightly aware of the harmful effects of The Philippines' president issued an executive order
using E-cigarette. Concerning to their physical health (EO) on February 26, 2020, restricting the marketing and
that can cause a lot of diseases such as cancer, usage of electronic cigarettes. In its preamble, according to
pulmonary diseases, brain damage, cardiovascular the World Health Organization (WHO) published a report
disease, and sexual and reproductive dysfunction. It can in 2016 stating that Electronic Nicotine and Non-Nicotine
be inferred that respondents are slightly aware of how Delivery Systems (ENDS/ENNDS) emit aerosol that
using E-cigarettes has influenced their everyday commonly contains toxic substances that, over time, may
activities and finances. In terms of their social lives, this increase the ris k of a variety of health problems for users,
study also reveals that the participants are only slightly including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung
aware that using e-cigarettes can cause harm to others. cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

I. INTRODUCTION Bystanders exposed to ENDS/ENNDS and heated

tobacco products (HTPs) have comparable risks of
A. Background respiratory sickness, cardiovascular disease, cancer,
Electronic cigarette is considered as one of the habits of neurotoxicity, brain development retardation, and sexual
teenagers nowadays. It is a part of lifestyle of the people and reproductive dysfunctions, according to the Philippine
which teenagers believe that smoking can help to release Department of Health. The EO declares that access to and
stress in all day work. Many users of E- cigarette are use of ENDS/ENNDS, HTPs, and other new tobacco
teenagers. They use E-cigarette for alternative use of products must be regulated in order to "address the
smoking of tobacco of cigarette. significant danger to public health, prevent the initiation of
nonsmokers and the youth, and limit health hazards to both
According to Global Tobacco Survey (GATS) users and third parties exposed to emissions." (Guerra et
(2015), 2. 8 percent is the over-all recorded users of al., 2020.)
electronic cigarette in the Philippines. Given the rapidly
expanding global market for this new class of devices, the The usage of E-cigarettes, often known as vaping, is a
local consumers of E-cigarettes are likely to have also relatively new and heavily marketed method of reducing
increased. cigarette smoking. This has grown in popularity,
particularly among adults. However, it is possible that its
E-cigarettes are devices that operate by heating a liquid use will have hazardous consequences, similar to cigarette
solution to a high enough temperature so th at it produces an s moking. Electronic cigarette use has been linked to health
aerosol that is inhaled (E-cigarettes: Facts, Stats, and hazards due to the presence of a number of potentially
Regulation, 2021). E-cigarettes first entered the market in harmful compounds that can have a direct impact on

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
people's health, according to studies. Electronic cigarette C. Data Gathering Procedure
usage among teenagers has been linked to an increased risk In gathering and conducting the data of the study, the
of cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory disorders, following steps and procedures have been done strictly due
according to research. (Fajad et al., 2021). to restriction of amidst pandemic.

Researchers conducted the study in Echague Isabela Initially, the researchers asked permission from the
specifically in four barangays San Fabian, Buneg, Silauan Dean of College of Nursing of Isabela State University-
and Cabugao. Because this is where the vape (E-cigarette) Echague Main Campus to conduct the study.
shop located and most of the users of E- cigarette.
Secondly, after the approval of the Dean of College of
B. Purpose Nursing, a letter was given and addressed to the barangay
This study is intended to assess the awareness of the captain of each of the selected barangay. This letter
respondents on the harmful Effects of E-cigarette, contains the objectives and purpose of the study.
Smoking: “Basis for the Development of smoking
cessation Infographics in Echague, Isabela, Philippines. Thirdly, upon the approval of the barangay captain, the
researcher administered the Survey Questionnaire to the
Specifically, the researchers seek to find answer to respondents through face-to-face or via Facebook and Google
the following questions: Forms.
 What is the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of age, sex, educational attainment, age started Lastly, the researcher interpret and analized the
using E-cigarette, and length of using E-cigarette? collected and gathered data through Statistical Package for
 What is the level of awareness on the harmful Effects of Social Sciences (SPSS).
E-cigarettes among respondent?
III. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
 Is there significant relationships between the
respondent’s profiles and their awareness of the A survey questionnaire have been administered to
harmful effects of E-cigarette? assess the awareness on the harmful Effect of E- cigarette
of among E-cigarette users in selected barangays of
II. METHODS Echague, Isabela, Philippines. The survey questionnaire
A. Research Design consisted of two parts: the profile of the respondents and the
The study utilized Quantitative Research research design perception and awareness of the E- cigarettes users which
to describe and determine the awareness on the harmful was adopted from a foreign study entitled “Awareness and
effects of using E-cigarettes of the respondents in terms of use of E-cigarettes among university students in Shanghai,
age, gender, educational attainment, age started using E- China by Wenyuanyue W, Maojie L, Yuyang C, Nannan F.
cigarette, and length of using E-cigarette. September 08, 2020 ”.

B. Respondents of The Study A. Statistical Treatment of Data

The respondents of the study are the E-cigarette users The collected data have been processed using the
in selected barangays in, Echague, Isabela, Philippines. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
total of 100 respondents are selected using snowball  Frequency and percentage distribution were used to
sampling. A friend of the researcher who is a known user of analyze the profile of the respondents and to determine
vape was assessed and from his recommendations, the the awareness of the respondents.
researchers were able to identify succeeding respondents. The  The mean was served as the totality of how frequent the
process of referral and recommendation from respondents researchers get the rationale for every part of the table.
was continued until a total of 100 respondents was reached.

Table 1: Statistical Treatment of Data

Mean Range
Point Interpretation
4 3.51-4.50 Highly Aware
3 2.51-3.50 Moderately Aware
2 1.51-2.50 Slightly Aware
1 1-1.50 Not Aware

 Pearson r Correlation Coefficient have been utilized to determine if there is a significant relationship between variables.

B. Ethical considerations
The researchers guaranteed the confidentiality and privacy of thedata from the respondents. Some questions were considered
optional like their names. Before administering the survey questionnaire, the researcher asked permission from the respondents and
explained the purpose of the study.

Moreover, all information of the respondents are strictly used in academic purposes only. Hence, the respondent’s

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
information had been kept confidential and private.

C. Data gathered, Statistical results and the Findings interpretations

Table 2 : Presents the number of respondents according to their age.

Age Frequency Percent
18 5 5
19 10 10
20 20 20
21 28 28
22 20 20
23 8 8
24 5 5
Total 100 100

Most of the respondents are in the age of 21 with a total of 28 (28%) and ages 18 and 24 as the least with a total same number
of 5 (5%) age of respondents.

Table 2: Presents the number of respondents according to their gender.

This shows that it was dominated by male respondents 68 (68%) out of the total number of respondents in female 32 (32%) in
this study.

Table 3: Presents the number of respondents according to their educational attainment.

Educational Attainment Frequency Percent
Undergraduate 83 83
High School Graduate 7 7
College Graduate 10 10
Total 100 100

Majority of the respondents are undergraduate with a total number of 83 (83%) and the least is high school graduate with
a total number of 7 (7%) of respondents.

Table 4: Presents the number of age of the respondents.

Gender Frequen Percent
cy
Male 68 68
Female 32 32
Total 100 100
AGE STARTED USING E- FREQUENCY PERCENT
CIGARETTES
16 7 7
17 1 14
4
18 2 28
8
19 2 25
5
20 1 17
7
21 9 9
TOTAL: 1 100
0
0

As shown in table 4, most of the respondents are over Teenagers are particularly susceptible to peer influence
18 years old who started their use of E-cigarette(28%), and and social pressures. The use of e-cigarettes among friends
there was a total of 28 participants. In addition, 7% of the or within their social circles normalize the behavior and
respondents have started using E- cigarettes since they were increase the likelihood of experimentatio n and regular use.
16 years old.

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 5: Represents the frequency and distribution of respondents according to their length of using E-cigarette.
LENGTH OF USING E-CIGARETTES FREQUENCY PERCENT
1 YEAR 27 27
2 YEAR 33 33
3 YEAR 23 23
4 YEAR 12 2
5 YEAR 4 5
6 YEAR 1 1
TOTAL: 100 100

Majority shows that there are 33 respondents who uses E-cigarettes for at least 2 years with a percentage of (33%).
Furthermore, those 27 respondents that uses E-cigarettes for 1 year has a percentage of (27%).

Table 6: Presents the awareness of the respondents according to harmful effects of E-cigarettes
ITEMS MEAN INTERPRETATION
Do you think vaping help you quit smoking regular cigarettes? 3.77 HIGHLY AWARE
Do you think E-cigarettes are less dangerous to your health than 3.37 MODERATELY AWARE
traditional cigarettes?
Are you aware that E-cigarettes contain nicotine substances? 3.66 HIGHLY AWARE
Do you believe that E-cigarettes are carcinogenic (could cause cancer)? 2.37 SLIGHTLY AWARE
Are you aware that an E-cigarette is not currently regulated by Food and 2.24 SLIGHTLY AWARE
Drug Administration (FDA)?
Are you aware that you are harming others’ health when you are using E- 2.91 MODERATELY AWARE
cigarette in public places
Do you experience (cough, colds, sore throat, etc.) with the use of E- 1.94 SLIGHTLY AWARE
cigarettes?
Are you aware that a malfunctioning E-cigarette device could cause mouth 3.29 MODERATELY AWARE
injury?
Are you aware that the more you use E-juice that has a high level of 2.98 MODERATELY AWARE
nicotine the more risk at your health?
Are you aware that E-cigarette affects your financial stability 2.60 MODERATELY AWARE
Are you aware that using E-cigarette can cause cancer 2.17 SLIGHTLY AWARE
Are you aware that using E-cigarette cause shortness of breath, difficulty 2.17 SLIGHTLY AWARE
in breathing, and hospital admission
Are you aware that using E-cigarette causes chronic obstructive pulmonary 2.08 SLIGHTLY AWARE
disease (COPD)
Do you think E-cigarette causes cardiovascular disease? 2.25 SLIGHTLY AWARE
Do you believe that using E-cigarette can cause brain damage? 2.07 SLIGHTLY AWARE
Do you think using E-cigarette causes sexual and reproductive 1.82 SLIGHTLY AWARE
dysfunction
TOTAL: 2.61 MODERATELY AWARE

As shown in table 6, most of the respondents agreed in terms of “E-cigarettes are carcinogenic (could cause
that “vaping helps quit smoking regular cigarettes” with an cancer)” has an average weighted mean of 2.37, “E-cigarette
average weighted mean of 3.77 or they are “HIGHLY is not currently regulated by Food and Drug Administration
AWARE” which is almost the same as “E-cigarettes contains (FDA)” has an average weighted mean of 2.24, “experience
nicotine substance” with an average weighted mean of (cough, colds, sore throat, etc.) with the use of E-cigarettes”
3.66. Furthermore, some respondents are has a mean of 1.94, “E- cigarette can cause cancer” has a
“MODERATELY AWARE” in terms of “E-cigarettes are mean of 2.17, “E-cigarette cause shortness of breath,
less dangerous to your health than traditional cigarettes” with difficulty in breathing, and hospital admission” has an
an average weighted mean of 3.37 and “you are harming average weighted mean of 2.17. In addition, in terms of “E-
others’ health when you are using E-cigarette in public cigarette causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
places” has a mean of 2.91 and “a malfunctioning E- (COPD)” has a mean of 2.08 which is also interpreted as
cigarette device could cause mouth injury” has a mean of “SLIGHTLY AWARE”. Next, is “E-cigarette causes
3.29. Next, in terms of “the more you use e-juice that has a cardiovascular disease” has a mean of 2.25, “E-cigarette can
high level of nicotine the more risk at your health” that has cause brain damage” has a mean of 2.07 and lastly, “E-
an average weighted mean of 2.98. Lastly, is that “E- cigarette causes sexual and reproductive dysfunction” which
cigarette affects your financial stability” has a mean of 2.60. has the very least mean among all other findings which is,
Then, for “SLIGHTLY AWARE” that has most results in 1.82.
the column of interpretation, but least respondents agreed

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
For the totality of each question’s mean and in the interpretation column. Secondly, is the moderately
interpretation, we have got a total mean of “2.61” and aware and the very least result in the interpretation column
interpreted as “MODERATELY AWARE” since, as you was the highly aware.
can see on the table, that slightly aware has the most result

IV. RESULTS

Table 7: Significant relationship between the respondent's profile and their awareness on the harmful Effects of E- cigarettes.
Size of Correlation Interpretation
.90 to 1.00 (-.90 to -1.00) Very high positive (negative) correlation
.70 to .90 (-.90 to -.90) High positive (negative) correlation
.50 to .70 (-.50 to -.70) Moderate positive (negative) correlation
.30 to .50 (-.30 to -.50) Low positive (negativ) correlation
.00 to .30 (-.00 to -.30) Negligible correlation

Table 8: Significant relationship between the respondent's profile and their awareness on the harmful Effects of E- cigarettes
according to age
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.1571
R Square 0.0247
Adjusted R Square 0.0146
Standard Error 0.4766
Observations 100
Pearson r: Negligible relationship

As seen from above table of regression statistics with pearson r: negligible relationship that age has diminutive to negligible
significant relationship in the level of awareness on harmful effects of E-cigarette.

Table 9: Significant relationship between the respondent's profile and their awareness on the harmful Effects of E- cigarettes
according to gender
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.0822
R Square 0.0068
-
Adjusted R Square 0.0035
Standard Error 0.4809
Observations 100
Pearson r: Negligible relationship

As seen from above table of regression statistics with pearson r: negligible relationship that gender hasdiminutive to negligible
significant relationship in the level of awareness on harmful effects of E-cigarette

Table 10: Significant relationship between the respondent's profile and their awareness on the harmful Effects of E- cigarettes
according to educational attainment
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.2358
R Square 0.0556
Adjusted R Square 0.0459
Standard Error 0.4689
Observations 100
Pearson r: Negligible relationship

As seen from above table of regression statistics with V. DISCUSSION

pearson r: negligible relationship that educational attainment
has diminutive to negligible significant relationship in the A total of 100 young adults participated in the survey.
level of awareness on harmful effects of E- cigarette. This research was carried out in the 1st week of July, 2022
in 4 different barangays in Echague, Isabela (Silauan,
Cabugao, Buneg, and San Fabian). The researchers used
quantitative research and a snowball sampling type of
research design to describe and determine the respondents'
awareness of the harmful effects of E-cigarette use in

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
terms of age, gender, educational attainment, and age “HIGHLY AWARE”.
started using E-cigarette, and length of use. The survey
questionnaire was distributed to respondents both online However, other questions that attest their awareness
(Google form) and face to face. The researchers also regarding the effects of E-cigarettes indicates that they’re
conducted brief personal interviews with the respondents to “MODERATELY AWARE” like questions: “Do you think
obtain clarification and interpretation of the survey E-cigarettes are less dangerous to your health than traditional
questionnaires. cigarettes?” and “Are you aware that a malfunctioning E-
cigarette device could cause mouth injury?” and “Are you
The following are the important findings of this aware that the more you use e-juice that has a high level of
research study: nicotine the more risk at your health?” and “Are you aware
that E-cigarette affects your financial stability” has a mean
A. The demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: that ranges from 2.51-3.50 which is 3.37, 3.29, 2.98 and
 Age. The majority were 21 years old, with a frequency of 2.60 respectively.
28, or 28 percent, and 20 and 22 years old, with a
frequency of 20, or 20 percent, accounting for more than Other questions that has mean of 2.51 below
half of all respondents. Showing that ages 21 were the indicates that they’re “SLIGHTY AWARE” and also
most influenced in using e-cigarettes than ages 20 and 22. below 1.51 indicates that they’re “NOT AWARE” Such
 Gender. Male outnumbered female by 68 (68 percent) to questions like “Do you believe that E-cigarettes are
32 percent (32 percent). Thus, Male are more influenced carcinogenic (could cause cancer)?” has mean of 2.37 or
in using e-cigarettes compared to female based in our “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Are you aware that using E-
scope of four different barangays in Echague, Isabela.. cigarette can cause cancer?” has mean of 2.17 or
 Educational attainment. In terms of educational “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Are you aware that using e-
attainment, undergraduates made up the majority (83, or cigarette causes shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing,
83 percent) while college and high school graduates made and hospital admission?” has mean of 2.17 or “SLIGHTLY
up the least (10, or 10 percent, and 7, or 7 percent, AWARE” and “Are you aware that an E-cigarette is not
respectively). Thus, Undergraduates are more prone to be currently regulated by Food and Drug Administration?” has
influenced with the use of e-cigarettes than people who’re a mean of 2.24 or “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Are you
undergoing in high school and college. aware that using e- cigarette causes COPD (chronic
 Age started using E-cigarettes. The majority of obstructive pulmonary disease)?” has mean of 2.08 or
respondents who started using E-cigarettes are 18 and 19 “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Do you think E -cigarette
years old with (28 percent and 25 percent, respectively). causes cardiovascular disease?” has mean of 2.25 or
While, ages 16, 17, 20, and 21 made up the least with (7 “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Do you believe that using E-
percent, 14 percent, 17 percent and 9 percent cigarette can cause brain damage?” has mean of 2.07 or
respectively.) Therefore, 18 to 19 ages were the most “SLIGHTLY AWARE” and “Do you experience (cough,
prone to be influenced in starting to use of colds, sore throat, etc.) with the use of E-cigarettes?” has
e-cigarettes than ages 16, 17, 20, and mean of 1.94 or “SLIGHTLY AWARE”. Lastly, “Do you
21. think using E-cigarette causes sexual and reproductive
 Length of using E-cigarettes. The majority, 27 dysfunction” has mean of 1.82 or also “SLIGHTLY
respondents who have used E-cigarettes for 1 year have a AWARE” .
proportion of (27 percent), while 33 respondents have
So, most of the respondents awareness about the
used them for at least 2 years h ave a proportion of (33
effects of E-cigarettes pertaining questions are
percent). While those who have used E-cigarettes for the
“SLIGHTLY AWARE” while, there were least “HIGHLY
longest amount of time 3, 4, 5, and 6 years have (23
AWARE” of the respondents. Fortunately, there were no
percent, 12 percent, 4 percent and 1 percent, respectively).
“NOT AWARE” mean results from the findings of given
B. To investigate the respondent's awareness on the harmful queries.
Effects of E-cigarettes.
C. To identify the significant relationship between the
 The awareness of the respondents according to harmful respondent's profile and their awareness on the harmful
effects of E-cigarettes. Effects of E-cigarettes .
Respondents were given a question wherein they had to  Significant relationship between the respondent's
answer YES, PARTLY, NO and NOT SURE. The question profile and their awareness on the harmful Effects
asks “Do you think vaping help you quit smoking regular of E-cigarettes according to age. By using Pearson
cigarettes? Has a mean of 3.77 which means that which Correlation Coefficient in identifying the significance
indicates that users of traditional cigarettes use E-cigarettes between variables and the problem. In terms of Age we
as their smoking cessation product and indicates as have got a multiple correlation (Multiple R) of 0.1571.
“HIGHLY AWARE”. This result is the same as the Therefore, age has very little to negligible significant
question “Are you aware that E-cigarettes contain nicotine relationship in the respondent’s level of awareness on
substances?” has a mean of 3.66 which also indicates that harmful effects of E-cigarette.
respondents are “HIGHLY AWARE”. Lastly, is “Are you
aware that you are harming others’ health when you are
using E-cigarette in public places?” has mean of 2.91 or

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Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Significant relationship between the respondent's REFERENCES
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This study concludes that there is no significant
relationship between the respondent’s profile and their
awareness. The result of the data gathered in this study on
the relationship between the respondent’s profile to their
awareness has little or negligible correlation. This means,
that the respondent’s awareness on the harmful effects of
E-cigarettes has a tiny amount of significance between their
Age, Gender, and Educational attainment. This might be
because tha harmfull effect of vape is an emerging condition
among its users. A good info graphics about its harmful
effect could be a good project to help vape users become
aware of the danger of using vape.

The researcher recommends to conduct the data

gathering process via face to face. Because, we are unable
to gather the all data via face to face due to the pandemic
restrictions.

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