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Hsslive Xii Chemistry Chapter 8 Sajeev

The document discusses the properties and preparation of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate. Potassium dichromate is prepared by fusing chromite ore with sodium carbonate to form sodium chromate, then extracting with water and acidifying with sulfuric acid to form sodium dichromate, which is then treated with potassium chloride to form potassium dichromate. Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusing powdered pyrolusite mineral with potassium hydroxide in the presence of air to form potassium manganate, which is then electrolyzed to form potassium permanganate. Both compounds are strong oxidizing agents.

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47 views1 page

Hsslive Xii Chemistry Chapter 8 Sajeev

The document discusses the properties and preparation of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate. Potassium dichromate is prepared by fusing chromite ore with sodium carbonate to form sodium chromate, then extracting with water and acidifying with sulfuric acid to form sodium dichromate, which is then treated with potassium chloride to form potassium dichromate. Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusing powdered pyrolusite mineral with potassium hydroxide in the presence of air to form potassium manganate, which is then electrolyzed to form potassium permanganate. Both compounds are strong oxidizing agents.

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The general outer electronic configuration of d block elements is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2.

Zn, Cd and Hg are not


regarded as transitional elemetns as they have completely filled d sub shell,(n-1)d10.
Properties of d block elements Catalyst: due to
µ= variable oxidation
Variable oxidation states: Formation of coloured states and ability to
Comparable energy of (n-1)d where n is the
compounds: due to d-d form complexes.
and ns orbitals. electronic transition No. of unpaired electrons.

Formation of complexes: due to the presence


Potassium Dichromate
vacant d orbitals.
Preparation: Finely powdered chromite ore is fused with sodium carbonate. Sodium chromate is formed.
It is extracted with water. It is filtered and filtrate is acidified with H2SO4 to form sodium dichromate. It is
treated with KCI to form potassium dichromate.

in
Uses:
a) K2Cr2O7 is used as oxidizing agent in
volumetric analysis.
b) It is used in mordant dyes, leather
industry, photography (for hardening of film)

.
c) It is used in chromyl chloride test.
d) It is used in cleaning glassware.
ve
Sodium and potassium dichromates are strong oxidising agents, thus, acidified K2Cr2O7 will oxidise iodides
to iodine, sulphides to sulphur, tin (II) to tin (IV) and Ferrous to ferric.
Eg: Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6I- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O + 3I2
Potassium Permanganate
Preparation: Finally powdered pyrolusite mineral is fused with KOH in presence of air. Potassium
sli
manganate is formed which on electrolysis gives KMnO4.

Uses
a) In laboratory preparation of Cl2.
b) KMnO4 is used as an oxidizing agent, disinfectant.
c) In making Baeyer’s reagent.
Hs

In presence of dilute H2SO4, KMnO4 is reduced to manganous salt.


MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- Mn2+ + 4H2O
Acidic KMnO4 solution oxidizes oxalates to CO2, iron (II) and iron (III), nitrites to nitrates and iodides to
iodine. Eg: C2O42− → CO2 + 2e−
Lanthanide contraction: In lanthanides, the atomic and ionic radii decrease regularly from lanthanum to
lutetium. This regular decrease in the atomic and ionic radii along lanthanide series is called lanthanide
contraction.
This is due to poor shielding effect of f electrons.
Consequences:
1) Due to Lanthanide Contraction the 2nd and 3rd row transition series elements have similar radii.
2) Lanthanides have similar physical properties and they occur together in nature. So their isolation is difficult.
3) The basic character of their hydroxides decreases from lanthanum to lutetium. i.e, La(OH)3 is more basic than
Lu(OH)3.

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