Hinilawod

Hinilawod is an epic poem orally

transmitted from early inhabitants of a
place called Sulod in central Panay,
Philippines. The term "Hinilawod" generally
translates to "Tales From The Mouth of
The Halawod River". The epic must have
been commonly known to the Visayans of
Panay before the conquest, since its main
protagonists, like Labaw Donggon, were
noted in the accounts of the Islanders'
beliefs and recorded by early Spanish
colonizers.[1] One of these Westerners'
accounts says that the adventures of this
ancient hero of Panay were recalled during
weddings and in songs.[2] It was noted that
there were still native Mondos of Dingle,
Iloilo who worshipped Labaw Donggon
even during the last years of the Spanish
rule in the Philippines. These worshippers
would stealthily enter a certain cave in
Dingle in the evening of a certain day of the
year, in order to render homage and to
offer chickens, doves, rice, bananas, and
pigs to the ancient Visayan god.[1]
 Hinilawod c. 1983, by Art Geroche, as displayed at the lobby of the
Cultural Center of West Visayas University, La Paz, Iloilo City,
Philippines.

Discovery
Hinilawod was first discovered "by
accident" in 1955,[3] when Filipino
anthropologist F. Landa Jocano became
interested in native folklore. He travelled
the hinterlands of his home island of
Panay with two colleague,s collecting folk
songs, stories, and riddles. It was during
one of those trips to the upland barrios of
Lambunao, Maasin, Janiuay, and Calinog in
Iloilo that his attention was called to a
long and popular tale called Hinilawod.
Sections of the narrative were melodically
conveyed to him and his associate by an
elderly individual known as Ulang Udig.

Returning the following year with a radio

technician from Central Philippine
University, he then recorded a portion of
the story on tape in 1956. However, when
he returned, in 1957 to make a recording of
the complete story, Ulang Udig could only
recount the Epic of Labaw Donggon; he
could no longer recount the much larger
Epic of Humadapnon. Weeks later, Ulang
Udig introduced Jocano to his aunt, an old
babaylan named Udungan. However, the
old babaylan could only chant little
portions of the Humadapnon Epic. Jocano
was then introduced to Udungan's niece,
mountain singer named Hugan-an, who,
after much cajoling, allowed herself to be
taped recounting both her story and the
Hinilawod. It took three weeks to complete
the recording of the 30-hour epic poem.

Plot
Hinilawod recounts the story of the
exploits of three Suludnon demigod
brothers: Labaw Donggon, Humadapnon,
and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay.
"Hinilawod" is an epic poem originating
from the Visayas region in the Philippines.
Composed by the Sulod people, it is a
narrative that encapsulates the rich oral
tradition and cultural heritage of the
region. The story unfolds over several
cantos, primarily focusing on the hero,
Humadapnon, and his epic quest to win the
love of the beautiful maiden, Nagmalitong
Yawa.

The plot of "Hinilawod" delves into the

supernatural realm, with encounters with
powerful deities and mythical creatures,
such as the powerful god Labaw Donggon,
who aids Humadapnon on his journey.
Throughout the narrative, the hero faces
numerous trials and challenges, including
battles with fierce monsters and
competing suitors for Nagmalitong Yawa's
affections.

Ultimately, Humadapnon's unwavering

determination, bravery, and the assistance
of divine beings lead to his success in
winning Nagmalitong Yawa's heart. The
epic concludes with a triumphant return to
their homeland, celebrating the hero's
victory, and reinforcing the values of
courage, love, and the enduring spirit of
Visayan culture.
"Hinilawod" stands as a testament to the
rich and vibrant tradition of Philippine
epics, preserving the cultural heritage and
storytelling prowess of the Sulod people
while captivating readers with its
captivating plot and timeless themes.[4]

Alunsina and Datu Paubari

Kaptan, king of the Gods, decreed that the

beautiful Alunsina (also called Laun Sina,
"Unmarried One") be wed upon reaching
maidenhood. Though all the unmarried
gods from every corner of the universe
tried to win her hand in marriage, she
chose to marry the mortal Datu Paubari,
ruler of the Halawod.

Angered by this decision, Alunsina's

spurned suitors conspired to harm the
newlywed couple. Maklium-sa-t'wan, God
of the Plains, called a council of the gods.
The deities decided to destroy the
Halawod by flood.

Fortunately for Alunsina and her husband,

her sister Suklang Malayon (Goddess and
Guardian of Happy Homes) discovered the
evil plot and warned them of it. Before the
flood, the couple sought refuge on higher
ground and escaped the gods' wrath
undetected. They returned to the plains
and settled near the mouth of the Halawod
after the floods subsided and lived in
secrecy.

After several months, Alunsina was

pregnant with triplets. The couple were
ecstatic, and Datu Paubari prepared the
things needed for childbirth including the
siklot. When the triplets were born, the
couple named them Labaw Dongon,
Humadapnon, and Dumalapdap.

Immediately after birthing her sons,

Alunsina summoned the high priest
Bungot-Banwa to perform rites on Mount
Madya-as to ensure good health for the
triplets. Bungot-Banwa burned some
alanghiran fronds along with a pinch of
kamangyan (incense) on an altar that he
had built. He opened the windows of the
north side of the room after the ceremony,
and in came a cold wind that transformed
the infants into strong, mighty, and
handsome young men.

The adventures of Labaw Donggon

When he reached adulthood, Labaw

Donggon, the eldest of the triplets, decided
to go on a quest to find himself a wife. He
heard of the beauty of Anggoy Ginbitinan
of Handug and wanted her for a wife. He
asked his mother to prepare the things he
will need for the journey—a magic cape,
hat, belt, and kampilan (a large, two-
handed sword).

The journey to Handug took several days

through plains, valleys, and mountains.
When Labaw Donggon finally arrived, he
asked for an audience with Anggoy
Ginbitinan's mother and asked for her hand
in marriage. The marriage was finalized
when Labaw Donggon's parents met and
discussed with Anggoy Ginbitinan's
parents. Using his pamlang (magical
charm), Labaw Donggon effortlessly
conjured a giant house with ten rooftops
and a hundred doors.

After their wedding, Labaw Donggon and

his new bride started on their journey back
to his lands. Upon reaching home, Labaw
Donggon asked his mother to care for his
new wife and announced his intent on
another quest, this time to the Rugal sa
Idalom (the netherworld) and vie for the
hand of the beautiful Anggoy Doronoon.

Labaw Donggon won the hand of the

Anggoy Doronoon with little difficulty, and
also took her home to his mother.
Thereafter, the demigod went on third
quest to the Eastern Sky. This time the
object of his desire is Malitong Yawa
Sinagmaling Diwata, the young bride of
Saragnayan, the Lord of Darkness.

Aboard his biday nga inagta (black boat),

Labaw Donggon sailed across many seas
and flew across the region of the clouds
and the Land of Stones before he found
himself at the shores of the Eastern Sky
and the fortress of Saragnayan. Upon
setting foot on the shore, Saragnayan
asked who he was and what was his
business. When Labaw Donggon
expressed his desire to have Saragnayan's
young wife Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling
Diwata, the Lord of Darkness laughed and
told him it was impossible. The young
demigod then challenged Saragnayan to a
duel.

The duel lasted for years. Labaw Donggon

held Saragnayan's head underwater for
seven years but Saragnayan survived.
Labaw Donggon then tied Saragnayan to
the top of a rock and beat him hard with a
coconut trunk, but this proved futile.
Labaw Donggon then hurled Saragnayan
upwards towards the sky, yet failed to kill
him. The two fought for many years until
finally, Labaw Donggon weakened.
Saragnayan imprisoned the exhausted
demigod under his pig pen.

Meanwhile, Labaw Donggon's two wives

each gave birth to a son. Anggoy
Ginbitinan called her child Aso Mangga,
while Anggoy Doronoon called her son
Buyung Baranugon. Both sons went in
search of their father a few days after they
were born. They arrived in the Eastern Sky
and asked Saragnayan to free their father.
Saragnayan instead summoned a host of
minions from the underworld to defeat the
youths. Wielding bows, Aso Mangga and
Buyung Baranugon shot poisoned arrows,
that dealt seven wounds with a single shot,
slaying the rest until only Saragnayan
remained.

Saragnayan wrestled with Buyung

Baranugon, but the Lord of Darkness was
no match for him. However, Saragnayan
could still not die. Buyung Baranugon
sought aid from his grandmother, Alunsina,
and learned that Saragnayan's life was
housed in the body of a boar in a place
called Paling Bukid. The sons then killed
the boar and ate its heart, rendering
Saragnayan mortal.

Sensing that death was near, Saragnayan

bade a sorrowful farewell to his wife.
Buyung Baranugon finally killed
Saragnayan by jabbing poisoned arrows
into both of Saragnayan's eyes. After the
victory, Buyung Baranugon and Aso
Mangga failed to find their father, who hid
under a fishnet out of fear during the
battle. Believing their father to have
returned home before them, the brothers
sailed home only to realize that Labaw
Donggon was still missing.

Humadapnon and Dumalapdap then

searched for their missing brother, finding
Labaw Donggon under the fishnet in a
deranged state. Labaw Donggon's brothers
returned him home to his wives. Anggoy
Ginbitinan and Anggoy Doronoon cured
Labaw Donggon from his madness and his
former strength returned to him.

The adventures of Humadapnon

Meanwhile, the defeat of Labaw Donggon

at the hands of Saragnayan and his
subsequent imprisonment angered his
brothers Humadapnon and Dumalapdap.
Humadapnon swore by the gods of
Madya-as that he would seek revenge on
all of Saragnayan's kinsmen and followers.
He then embarked on a journey to the
Eastern Sky, taking with him Buyong
Matanayon of Mount Matiula, a man
known for his exceptional swordsmanship.
Together, they travelled the same path that
Labaw Donggon had taken.

After seven months in Tarambang Buriraw,

Buyong Matanayon recalled that they
brought some ginger with them. He
thought of a plan to break Piganun's spell
over his friend. One evening over dinner,
Buyong Matanayon threw seven slices of
ginger into the fire. Upon smelling the
burning ginger, Piganun fled the room.
Buyong Matanayon then struck
Humadapnon in the head, rendering the
latter unconscious. He then dragged his
body away from the place and managed to
escape.

Humadapnon rose to the challenge and

took off his magic cape. He then used it to
lift the huge boulder off the center of the
village and hurled it back towards the
mountain. Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw
honored his word and gave his daughter's
hand in marriage to Humadapnon. The two
were married and a big feast was held.
During the banquet, a guest minstrel sang
and extolled the beauty of Burigadang
Pada Sinaklang Bulawan, Goddess of
Wealth and Greed. Enchanted by the story,
Humadapnon started on a quest to seek
the goddess' hand in marriage.

He met Buyong Makabagting, son of the

Datu Balahidyong of Paling Bukid, who
was also vying for the hand of Burigadang
Pada Sinaklang Bulawan. The two duelled
and Humadapnon emerged victorious, the
defeated Buyong Makabagting helping the
former in his quest. Humadapnon
eventually married Burigadang Pada
Sinaklang Bulawan and brought her home
to his mother.

Below are verses from the first two

stanzas of the second part of Sugidanun I
(First Narration) of the Sulodnon epic
Hinilawod: Adventures of Humadapnon
chanted by Hugan-an and recorded by Dr.
F. Landa Jocano. The epic is in the original
Sulodnon language.[5]

Sugidanun I: Pangayaw
2. Himos
Yabon-yabon pay tun-og
Alimbu pa duyamig
Nagparibung domdom
Hangop abi sa domdom.
Ni Buyong Humadapnon:
"Ti, Taghuy, ku magsalakay
Abi ako magmamkaw
Ku magliali ako sa lawdon
Maglibot sa layagon
Bungayong ako sa sarakyan
Waay ako't panimbang,
Waay it panibin-sibin."

Mahinay tumindug
Mahinay tumimbayug
'I ginuong harangdon.
Kambay dato agtunan
Lubayon kamasuswon
Uwa si Labing Anyag
Sanglit may babaylan
Sanglit hay singday.
English translation by Dr. F. Landa
Jocano
The dew was still fresh
The morning breeze was cold
There he sat wondering
Till and idea came to his mind.
Said Buying Humadapnon:
"Well, Taghuy, were I to travel
Supposing I do embark
If I scour and cross the seas
Travel around, spread my sails
I would be alone in my vessel
I have no assistant
I have no companion."

And slowly he stood

 Meditating he took to his feet
The respected master.
He went and approached
His younger sister
Uwa Labing Anyag
Because she was a babaylan.
An skilled in charms.

The adventures of Dumalapdap

Shortly after Humadapnon left their home

to seek revenge on Saragnayan's family
and followers, Dumalapdap embarked on
a quest of his own. He decided go to
Burutlakan-ka-adlaw and marry the maiden
Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si
Mahuyokhuyokon. With him was Dumasig,
the most powerful wrestler in Madya-as.

After several months of traveling, the two

warriors came face to face with a two-
headed monster called Balanakon. The
monster guarded the ridge that led to the
place where the maiden lived. They
managed to kill the monster but were
confronted with another kind of monster
when they reached the gate of the palace
where the maiden lived. Called Uyutang,
the monster was similar to a bat with
sharp, poisonous claws.
Dumalapdap fought with the Uyutang for
seven months. He was able to defeat the
monster when he grabbed its ankle and
broke it. Then he took his twang daniwan
(magic dagger) and struck Uyutang under
the armpit. The monster howled in pain,
causing an earthquake that broke the ridge
they were fighting in into two. Half of the
ridge became an island that is known
today as Negros, while the other half
became Panay.

With the monster Uyutang dead, Lubay-

Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan was
free to marry Dumalapdap. He brought her
home and was reunited with his family.
Datu Paubari celebrated the return of his
three sons with a very big feast. His sons
left for different parts of the world after
the feast. Labaw Donggon ventured north,
Humadapnon went south, and
Dumalapdap embarked to the west. Datu
Parubari was left to rule in the east.

The quest of Humadapnon continues

Humdapnon was visited by his spirit

friends Taghoy and Duwindi in his dream
and told him of lovely maiden who lived in
a village by the mouth of the Halawod
River. The demigod left his dominion to
look for the maiden named Nagmalitong
Yawa. He brought with him a boatful of
crew.

Humadapnon and his men safely traversed

a blood-coloured sea with the help of his
spirit friends. They landed on an island
that was inhabited by beautiful women and
headed by the sorceress, Ginmayunan. For
seven years, Humadapnon and his crew
were imprisoned in the island until
Nagmalitong Yawa helped them escape by
disguising as a boy. Humadapnon and
Nagmalitong Yawa were married soon
after in Halawod.
During the wedding feast, Humadapnon's
brother, Dumalapdap fell in love with
Huyung Adlaw and asked his brother to
help him talk to the parents of the maiden.
Humadapnon left his new wife and
accompanied his brother to the
Upperworld where Huyung Adlaw lived.

It took the brothers seven years to come

back from their journey to the Upperworld.
They arrived just in time for the ceremony
that will have Nagmalitong Yawa married
to Buyung Sumagulung, an island fortress
ruler, in a ceremony. The brothers were
enraged and killed all the guests and the
groom. Humadapnon also stabbed his
wife because the treachery only to feel
remorse later on. He asked his spirit
friends and found out that his wife only
agreed to marry Buyung Sumagulung
because her mother, Matan-ayon,
convinced her that Humadapnon is not
coming back.

Upon learning of this, Humadapnon asked

his sister, Labing Anyag, to use her powers
to bring Nagmalitong Yawa back to life.
Seeing how remorseful he is, Labing Anyag
agreed. However, Nagmalitong Yawa was
so ashamed of agreeing to marry Buyung
Sumagulung that she ran away to the
underworld and sought the protection of
her uncle Panlinugun, who is lord of the
earthquake.

Humadapnon had to kill an eight-headed

serpent in his pursuit of Nagmalitong
Yawa. Then he had to duel with a young
man who spirited his wife away. The duel
ended when Alunsina intervened and
revealed that the young man is also her
son, Amarotha. This son died during
childbirth and was brought back from the
dead to keep Alunsina company. Alunsina
decided that both Humadapnon and
Amarotha deserved a piece of
Nagmalitong Yawa so she cut the girl in
half and gave a piece each to her sons.
Each half turned into a whole live person.
Humadapnon brought his wife back to
Panay.

In theatre
An abridged version was the first stage
performance of the epic during the
inauguration of the Cultural Center of
Western Visayas on the campus of West
Visayas State University in Iloilo City,
Philippines in March 1983 under the
patronage of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines and the former First Lady of
the Philippines, Imelda Marcos. The
cultural group, Panayana performed the
epic before the representatives of the First
Lady and the high officials of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines.

Art Geroche, a local Ilonggo artist and

Staff of the West Visayas State College
(now a State University), provided a mural
painting (oil on canvas) depicting the epic,
for the lobby of the Cultural Center. The
painting captures the important scenes in
the adventures of the heroes of Hinilawod,
in one panoramic view within a six by
twelve feet opus of Geroche.

This epic, which is orally transmitted from

one generation to another, is still very
much a part of the culture of the Sulod
Nation in the mountains of Jamindan,
Capiz. In April 1999, Alejo Zata recorded
the epic as it was chanted by the natives
of Sulod.[6]

University of San Agustin Little Theater

(USALT) has staged its version of the
Humadapnon fragment of the Hinilawod
titled "Tarangban" ("Cave"). It first staged
the play in 2004.

The production was revised to include the

participation of then 17-year-old Manilyn
"Tata" Glemer, a member of the Panay
Bukidnon tribe in Tapaz, Capiz. Glemer
knows how to chant the epic. Research
was conducted with Glemer's mother,
Gemma, the chieftain of their tribe and her
grandmother, Lola Gamak, a binukot and
chanter of the tribe.

Since 2006, the late-January Hirinugyaw-

Suguidanonay Festival of the town of
Calinog in Central Panay (which started in
1988 as an adaptation of the Dinagyang
Festival where it was then known as the
Sirinayaw, then Hirinugyaw Festival) has
used segments and tales of the Hinilawod
as performance themes of its competing
tribes.[7] Each performance's authenticity is
enhanced through the use of authentic
Panay Bukidnon (Sulod) costumes, known
as Panubok, and the performing tribes'
employment of Panay-Bukidnon
Manunuguids (Chanters, hence the
'Suguidanonay' in the festival's name) from
the Balay Tulun-an Cultural Preservation
School in the Panay-Bukidnon settlement in
Brgy. Garangan in Calinog's mountainous
areas. Of note is the fact that the town
itself sits squarely beside the river Jalaur
the ancient name of which was Halawud,
the river that gave the epic its name.[7]

It had subsequent stagings of excerpts in

2010 for the "Tanghal 4: The National
University and Colleges Theater Festival
and Conference" [8][9] on Feb 2 at De La
Salle-College of Saint Benilde and for
"Pasinaya Festival" at Tanghalang Huseng
Batute of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines on Feb. 7.

There was also a performance on March 1,

2010, at the USALT auditorium.[10][11]

In 2010, Hiyas Kayumanggi staged their

version of the Hinilawod at Luce
Auditorium of Silliman University.

In 2011, the group staged their production

at Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo of the
Cultural Center of the Philippines on
September 3 and 4.[12]
In 2013, Ateneo Entablado staged Nicanor
Tiongson's play Labaw Donggon: Ang
Banog ng Sanlibutan in Cervini Field,
Ateneo de Manila University. The
production was directed by Jerry Respeto
with composers Jema Pamintuan and
Teresa Barrozo, costume and set designer
Gino Gonzales, lighting designer Voltaire
de Jesus, and choreographers Gio Gahol
and Elena Laniog.[13][14]

Significance
Hinilawod is a 29,000-verse epic that takes
about three days to chant in its original
form, making it one of the longest epics
known, alongside that of Tibet's Epic of
King Gesar. Hinilawod is one of the many
pieces of oral literature passed from one
generation to the next, changed and
morphed by the chanter to one degree or
another as he told it to his audience. The
Hinilawod is not just a literary piece but
also a source of information about culture,
religion and rituals of the ancient people of
Sulod; showing us that ancient Filipinos
believed in the "sacred," in the importance
of family honour and in personal courage
and dignity.

A concise version of the story of Hinilawod

can be found in the book Philippine
Mythology authored by Jocano.

See also
Biag ni Lam-Ang
Darangen
Ibalong Epic

References
1. Felix Laureano,Recuerdos de Filipinas,
Barcelona: 1795, A. Lóopez Robert,
impresor, Calle Conde de Asalto (currently
called "Carrer Nou de la Rambla"), 63, p.
106.
2. Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, Las Islas
Visayas en la Época de la Conquista
(Segunda edición), Manila: 1889, Tipo-
Litografía de Chofké y C.a, p. 42. (https://ar
chive.org/details/lasislasvisayase00reye)
3. Rabago-Visaya, Ligaya. "Hinilawod: Local
flavor, global appeal" (https://www.philstar.
com/the-freeman/opinion/2013/08/31/11
55511/hinilawod-local-flavor-global-appea
l) . Philstar.com. Retrieved September 5,
2023.
4. "The Story" (https://hinilawod.wordpress.co
m/the-story/) . HINILAWOD. March 27,
2010. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
5. Hinilawod: Adventures of Humadapnon,
chanted by Hugan-an and recorded by Dr. F.
Landa Jocano, Metro Manila: 2000, Punlad
Research House (https://sirmykel.files.wor
dpress.com/2013/08/hinilawod-tarangban-
i-pages-1-to-88.pdf) , ISBN 9716220103,
9789716220100.
6. Hinilawod, The Epic of the Hiligaynon
Nation (http://hometown.aol.com/_ht_a/hili
gaynon/hinilawod.htm)
7. "MybeautifulILOILO: A Great Literary Show
through HIRINUGYAW-SUGUIDANONAY
Festival in Calinog" (http://mybeautifuliloilo.
blogspot.com/2013/01/a-great-literary-sho
w-through.html) . January 29, 2013.
 8. "Tanghal 4 Facebook page" (https://www.fa
cebook.com/pages/Tanghal-4-National-Uni
versity-Theater-Festival/277272284816) .
9. Ang, Walter. "Arts Month features campus
theater groups by Walter Ang" (http://words
ofwalter.blogspot.com/2010/02/arts-mont
h-2010-features-campus-theater.html) .
Walter Ang blog.
10. "Old Panay epic poem becomes dance
drama" (http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1999/
old-panay-epic-poem-becomes-dance-dra
ma) . April 2011.
11. Ang, Walter. "Theater of the young, the here
and now by Walter Ang" (http://wordsofwal
ter.blogspot.com/2015/03/theater-of-youn
g-here-now-2010-national.html) . Walter
Ang blog.
12. "Hinilawod: unearthing a Pinoy epic" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/2011122819092
0/http://www.manilatimes.net/index.php/lif
e-and-times/showtime/3753-hinilawod-une
arthing-a-pinoy-epic) . Archived from the
original (http://www.manilatimes.net/index.
php/life-and-times/showtime/3753-hinilaw
od-unearthing-a-pinoy-epic) on December
28, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
13. "July kicks off Ateneo theater groups' 2012-
2013 line-ups" (http://theaterbator.blogspo
t.com/2012/07/july-kicks-off-ateneo-theate
r-groups.html) .
14. "Filipino epic comes to life" (http://ph.news.
yahoo.com/blogs/the-inbox/filipino-epic-la
baw-donggon-comes-life-111820526.htm
l?.tsrc=yahoo) .
Further reading
Hinilawod: Adventures of Humadapnon,
chanted by Hugan-an and recorded by
Dr. F. Landa Jocano, Metro Manila: 2000,
Punlad Research House,
ISBN 9716220103, 9789716220100.
HINILAWOD... the discovery in Hiyas
Kayumanggi, Hesed Adriel, 6 August
2011. (http://hiyaskayumanggi.blogspot.
it/2011/08/hinilawod-discovery.html)

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