COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : AUTOMOTIVE & LAND TRANSPORT

Qualification Title : DRIVING NC II

Unit of Competency : Implement and Coordinate Accident-

Emergency Procedures
Module Title : Implementing and Coordinating Accident-
Emergency Procedures

Republic of the Philippines

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
ZAMBO. NORTE INTEGRATED SKILLS TRAINING CENTER, NC.
Purok 5, Poblacion, Sibutad Zamboanga Del Norte
Email add.: [email protected]
 HOW TO USE THIS LEARNERS GUIDE

Welcome to the learners for the module: Implementing and

Coordinating Accident-Emergency Procedures. This learner’s guides
contain training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Implement and Coordinate Accident-Emergency
Procedures“ contains the knowledge, skills and attitude required for a
Driving NC II. It is one of the core modules for National Certificate Level
(NC II)
To complete each learning outcome of the whole module, you are
required to go through a series of learning activities. In each learning
outcomes contain Information Sheets, Operation Sheets, and
Task/Job Sheets resource sheets and references materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow and
perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, do not hesitate
to ask assistance from your facilitator/ trainer.
Show to your trainers any certificate of competence from previous
training, so you won’t do the same training again. They may become part
of the same training again. This module was prepared to help you
achieved the required competency in Implementing and Coordinating
Accident-Emergency Procedures.
With the aid of these materials you will acquire the competency
independently and at your own pace. Read through the learning guide
carefully and talk to your trainer and agree on how you will fetch organize
the training of this unit. Ask for help from your trainer or to more
experienced workmates for their guidance to complete the activities.
When you feel confident that you have sufficient practice and
successfully completed each element, ask your Trainer to evaluate you.
The results of your assessment will be recorded in your Progress Chart
and Accomplishment Chart.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the next
module.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 2 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 DRIVING NC II
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

BASIC COMPETENCY
Participate in Participating in 400311210
1. workplace workplace
communication communication
Work in team Working in team 400311211
2. environment environment

Solve/address general Solving/addressing 400311212

3. workplace problems general workplace
problems
Develop career and life Developing career and 400311213
4. decisions life decisions

Contribute to Contributing to 400311214

5. workplace innovation workplace innovation
Present relevant Presenting relevant 400311215
6. information information
Practice occupational Practicing occupational 400311216
safety and health safety and health
7. policies and policies and procedures
procedures
Exercise efficient and Exercising efficient 400311217
effective sustainable and effective
8. practices in sustainable
the workplace practices in
the workplace
Practice Practicing 400311218
9. entrepreneurial skills entrepreneurial skills in
in the workplace the workplace

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 3 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 COMMON COMPETENCY
1. Apply Appropriate Applying Appropriate ALT723201
1 Sealant/Adhesive Sealant/Adhesive

Move and Position Moving and Positioning ALT723202

2.
Vehicle Vehicle
Perform Mensuration Performing Mensuration ALT311202
3.
and Calculation and Calculation
Read, Interpret and Reading, Interpreting ALT723203
Apply Specifications and Applying
4.
and Manuals Specifications and
Manuals
Use and Apply Using and Applying ALT723204
5.
Lubricant/Coolant Lubricant/Coolant
Perform Shop Performing Shop ALT723205
6.
Maintenance Maintenance

CORE COMPETENCY
Carry Out Minor Carrying Out Minor ALT723348
1. Vehicle Maintenance Vehicle Maintenance
and Servicing and Servicing
2. Drive Light Vehicle Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302
Obey and Observe Obeying and Observing ALT832303
3. Traffic Rules and Traffic Rules and
Regulations Regulations
Implement and Implementing and ALT832304
Coordinate Coordinating
4. Accident-Emergency Accident-Emergency
Procedures Procedures

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 4 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Implement and Coordinate Accident

Emergency Procedure

MODULE TITLE: Implementing and coordinating accident Emergency Procedure

MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
The module involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required in responding to
emergency incidents, performing follow-up support and assistance and communicate
with concerned individual during emergency.

NOMINAL DURATION: 10 Hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module the trainees are expected to:

1. Respond to emergencies.

2. Arrange follow up support and assistance.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Potential emergency situations are identified and assessed based on
emergency procedure.
2. Actions are prioritized and provided based on the criticality of the
emergency situation.
3. Incident reports are prepared in accordance with regulatory and
workplace procedures.
4. Responsibilities are fulfilled in accordance with emergency procedures
and/or regulatory requirements
5. Medical assistance and support is arranged in accordance with
workplace procedures.
6. First aid is applied in accordance with medical procedure.
7. Passenger needs are identified and provided based on emergency
situation.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 5 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1
Respond To Emergencies

CONTENTS:

1. Guidelines in the event of Emergency

2. Kinds of Emergency Situations
3. Incident Reporting

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Emergency and potential emergency situations are identified and assessed

based on emergency procedures
2. Actions are prioritized and provided based on the critically on the situations.
3. Incident report is prepared in accordance with emergency procedures
4. Responsibilities are fulfilled in accordance with emergency procedures and/ or
regulatory requirements.

REFERENCES:
 Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
 Automotive Technology; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
 Toyota Training Manual
 Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service By: de Kryger, Kobacik .Bono
 Automotive Mechanics; 10th ed. Crouse: Anglin
 Internet Websites

Conditions:
Students/Trainees must be provided with the following:
 Request form
 Incident report form
 Fire extinguisher
 Learning module
 Video materials
 Driving tools. material/equipment

Assessment Method:

1. Written Test
2. Demonstration

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 6 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 1
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet 4.1-1 The focus of this learning outcome

Read
is for you to be able to identify the
traffic lights and Road Signs.
Read Information Sheet and answer

Information self-check. Compare your answers

with the answer key, if you cannot
get all the correct answers please

sheet 2.1-1 read again the information sheet.

Perform Job/Task Sheet and

on
Evaluate your self-using the
Performance Criteria Checklist.
If you feel you are now

Parts of knowledgeable on the content of the

information sheet, you can submit
for trainer evaluation.

Light Vehicle If mastery has been achieved,

submit yourself for Institutional

and its
Assessment.

Function
About Different Types of Vehicle Emergency
Situation
 Answer self-check 4.1-1
Read Information Sheet 4.1-2
About Kinds of Body Accident

Accidents/Shocks
Answer self-check 4.1-2

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 7 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Read Information Sheet 4.1-3
about Guidelines in the Event of

Emergency

 Answer self-check 4.1-3

Read Information Sheet 4.1-4

about Incident Reporting

 Answer self-check 4.1-4

Information Sheet 4.1-1

Different Types of Vehicle Emergency Situation

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet the trainees must be able to:

1. Identify the different types of emergency situation

The Different Types of Vehicle Emergency Situation

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 8 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

1. Vehicle collision

2. crime accident (hold-up, kidnapping and related crimes)

3. Fire resulted from engine overheating or faulty electric wiring

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 9 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 4. Hit and Run

5. loose of brake/uncontrolled

6. Tire blown out

Self- Check 4.1-1

Enumeration:

1. What are the different types of emergency situation?

2. Give at least 3 causes of vehicle collision?

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 10 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 ANSWER KEY 4.1-1

1 .Types of emergency situations

a. Vehicle collision
b. Crime accident (hold-up, kidnapping and related crimes)
c. fire resulted from engine overheating or faulty electric wiring

2. Three causes of vehicle collision

a. Hit and run

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 11 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 b. Loose of brake/uncontrolled
c. Tire blown out

Information Sheet 4.1-2

KINDS OF ACCIDENT BODY INJURIES/SHOCKS

Objective: After reading this information sheet, the trainee should be able to enumerate
kinds of accident body injuries/shock.

Car accidents are traumatic for the people involved. In the aftermath, you might
face painful injuries and lasting emotional anguish. Even if you weren’t severely

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 12 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 injured, you might experience psychological effects of the accident in the weeks,
months, and years to come.
Seeking help for shock, both in the short-term and the long-term, is critical for
anyone in a serious accident. Here’s some information you can use on how to treat
shock after a car accident

What Causes Traumatic Shock?

Shock is an automatic response in the body after it experiences some kind of

traumatic event. The trauma that produces shock can be physiological, psychological,
or both.
Physiological shock generally results from a loss of blood or damage to your internal
organs that prevent your bodily systems from functioning correctly. This can cause
your body to shut down as it attempts to heal from the shock to its system, leading to
further injuries or death.
Psychological shock stems from the intense stress the trauma creates. It can produce
both psychological and physiological effects.

TYPES OF SHOCK YOU CAN EXPERIENCE AFTER A CAR ACCIDENT

In addition to psychological shock, also known as acute stress disorder, the four
main types of physiological shock are:

1. Obstructive shock —this type of shock occurs when the blood in your
body can’t get where it needs to go. This may happen if you suffer a
collapsed lung or similar injury.
2. Cardiogenic shock — Damage to the heart may cause decreased blood
flow throughout the body, leading to cardiogenic shock. This type of
shock is often the result of damage to the heart muscle or a slow
heartbeat.
3. Distributive shock— if something causes your blood vessels to lose their
tone, they cannot pump blood effectively and you may experience
distributive shock. Common causes of distributive shock include severe
allergic reactions, sepsis, and severe damage to the nervous system.
4. Hypovolemic shock — this type of physiologic shock occurs when there
isn’t enough blood in your blood vessels to get sufficient oxygen to your

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 13 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 organs. Hypovolemic shock is often caused by severe blood loss, usually
resulting from some kind of penetrative injury.

How Long Can Shock Last After a Car Accident?

Physiological shock often occurs quickly after a car accident, though sometimes
symptoms may not show up for a day or two afterward. If you have any symptoms of
shock, you should see a doctor immediately.
Psychological shock may linger for weeks, months, or even years after a crash. Getting
counseling and other mental health treatment can help you deal with the
psychological shock of an accident.

Symptoms of Physical Shock

Here are a few of the symptoms of physical shock to watch for after a car accident:
 Cold, clammy skin
 Rapid heart rate
 Fast, shallow breathing
 Excessive sweating
 Dizziness
 Seizures
 Confusion
 Loss of consciousness
 Enlarged pupils
 High blood pressure
 Weakness
 Fatigue
 Chest pain
 Pale skin
 Nausea
 Anxiety

Treatment of Physical Shock

Here are some tips for treating physical shock after an accident:

 If someone is unconscious, check for a pulse and to see if they’re breathing.

If they are not breathing, begin CPR.
 If they are breathing, have the person lay down and elevate their legs, so
blood flow is directed toward the body’s critical organs.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 14 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

  The person in shock may be experiencing an allergic reaction, known as
anaphylactic shock. They may have an epinephrine injector that can be
used to stabilize them.
 Cover the person experiencing shock with a warm blanket.
 Apply first aid to any apparent wounds, and regularly check for breathing
and a pulse.
 If they begin to vomit, turn their head sideways.
 Get treatment from a medical professional as soon as possible.

Emotional/Psychological Shock and Post-Traumatic Stress

A car accident isn’t just a jolt to our bodies. It can significantly impact the mind as
well. Many people experience psychological shock after an accident. They may
experience heightened anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, racing thoughts, irritability,
depression, even suicidal thoughts. If left untreated, psychological shock can develop
into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The best way to treat PTSD after an accident is to speak to a qualified mental health
professional. Medication, therapy, and other methods can help you process the
accident in a healthier way.

Self- Check 4.1-2

Enumeration:

1. What are Types of Shock you can experience after a car accident?
2. What are The Symptoms of Physical Shock?
Date Developed: Document No.
September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 15 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 ANSWER KEY 4.1-2

1 .Types of Shock you can experience after a car accident

a. Obstructive shock
b. Cardiogenic shock
c. Distributive shock

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 16 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 d. Hypovolemic shock
2. The Symptoms of Physical Shock
Here are a few of the symptoms of physical shock to watch for after a
car accident:
 Cold, clammy skin
 Rapid heart rate
 Fast, shallow breathing
 Excessive sweating
 Dizziness
 Seizures
 Confusion
 Loss of consciousness
 Enlarged pupils
 High blood pressure
 Weakness
 Fatigue
 Chest pain
 Pale skin
 Nausea
 Anxiety

INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-3

GUIDELINES IN THE EVENT OF EMERGENCY

OBJECTIVES: After reading this information, you should be able to:

1. Enumerate guidelines in attending emergency situations;

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 17 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 GUIDELINES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:

GETTING STARTED

1. PLAN OF ACTION Emergency plan should be established based on

anticipated needs and available resources.
2. GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS the emergency response begins
with the preparation of equipment and personnel before any emergency occurs.
3. INITIAL RESPONSE
• Ask for HELP
• Intervene
• Do no further harm.
4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S Proper information and instruction to a
helper/s would provide organized first aid care.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY THE SCENE Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred
and decide to act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for
you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s.

2. Elements of the Survey the Scene

• Scene safety.
• Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.
• Determine the number of patients and
• Additional resources.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA)

OR TRANSFER FACILITY
 In some emergency, you will have enough time to call for specific medical
advice before administering first aid. But in some situations, you will
need to attend to the victim first.
 Phone First and Phone Fast Both trained and untrained bystanders
should be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as soon as they have
determined that an adult victim requires emergency care “Phone First”.
While for infants and children a “Phone Fast” approach is recommended.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES DO A PRIMARY SURVEY OF THE

VICTIM
 In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are
conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s life.
 Check for Consciousness Check for Breathing
 Check for Airway Check for Circulation

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 18 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Self- Check 4.1-3

Enumeration:

1. Enumerate the guidelines in attending emergency situation.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 19 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 ANSWER KEY 4.1-3

GUIDELINES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:

GETTING STARTED

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 20 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 1. PLAN OF ACTION Emergency plan should be established based on
anticipated needs and available resources.
2. GATHERING OF NEEDED MATERIALS the emergency response begins
with the preparation of equipment and personnel before any emergency occurs.
3. INITIAL RESPONSE
• Ask for HELP
• Intervene
• Do no further harm.
4. INSTRUCTION TO HELPER/S Proper information and instruction to a
helper/s would provide organized first aid care.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY THE SCENE Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred
and decide to act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for
you, the victim/s, and any bystander/s.
2. Elements of the Survey the Scene
• Scene safety.
• Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.
• Determine the number of patients and
• Additional resources.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA)

OR TRANSFER FACILITY
 In some emergency, you will have enough time to call for specific medical
advice before administering first aid. But in some situations, you will
need to attend to the victim first.
 Phone First and Phone Fast Both trained and untrained bystanders
should be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance as soon as they have
determined that an adult victim requires emergency care “Phone First”.
While for infants and children a “Phone Fast” approach is recommended.

EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES DO A PRIMARY SURVEY OF THE

VICTIM
 In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are
conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’s life.
 Check for Consciousness Check for Breathing
 Check for Airway Check for Circulation
INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-4
Incident Reporting

Objectives: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to:
1. Give importance of Preparing Incident Reports.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 21 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

Incident Reporting
It is important to record details of the casualty’s physical condition and any
changes, including management of the casualty and response to management. As
soon as the casualty has been stabilized, a report must be made to your
supervisor.

There are several reasons for this.

 This documented record is a legal document and may be used in a court of

law, for example, as evidence in a law suit or a coroner’s investigation.
 If the casualty is transferred to a doctor’s or hospital’s care, this record can
be communicated to the doctor.
 The incident may be investigated, identifying and rectifying causes to
prevent the incident from occurring again.
 The records may be a useful tool for obtaining information used for audits.

Methods

Your workplace will have an accident/incident form that will need to be completely
filled in.

Company procedures

Always follow company procedures. You may have to write details first into a
logbook and then fill out an accident/incident form. Maybe you will only have to
fill out an accident/incident form. Whatever the company policy, make sure it is
followed. Be sure to fill out all information requested as soon as practicable and
sign the form. It is normal practice to submit the form to management.

What is the importance of incident reporting?

Incident reporting is important because it makes a substantial difference in the
safety of a work environment and the well-being of its employees. With an effective
incident reporting protocol in place, your place of work may see improvements in
any or all of the following areas:

Employee empowerment
Incident reporting also creates employee empowerment. It's a better workplace
environment when employees feel the company has addressed their concerns and
they have a safe space to report incidents.

Threat awareness

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 22 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

A threat in the workplace is anything that poses a hazard. Often, individuals are
unaware of potential threats until an incident occurs. Upon the filing of an
incident report involving a workplace threat, organizational leaders can take
corrective actions to prevent similar occurrences in the future. They can ensure,
for example, that:
 Machinery works properly
 Employees engage in appropriate behavior
 Safety equipment is readily available
 Training is thorough
 The business complies with all safety regulations

Environmental improvements
Incident reporting provides insights into ways employers can improve their work
environment. Even if an incident is minor, the associated report can provide
objective information through which leaders can identify areas of improvement
and then apply the required changes to establish a culture of safety. For example,
based on incident reporting, management may decide to:
 Upgrade certain equipment
 Create more rigorous training schedules
 Supply additional safety equipment
 Adjust machine maintenance requirements

Urgency
Incident reports serve as legal documents, which can promote urgency among
managers to take corrective action as soon as possible. With official
documentation, including event details and witnesses, managers have a great
quantity of information to help them address workplace hazards quickly and
effectively. The ideal time frame for reporting an incident is within one day of
the occurrence, regardless of the severity or outcome.
Immediately reporting even minor incidents allows the employer to initiate
changes more quickly. These documents can help establish a pattern if a
company has prior notice of unsafe conditions and does nothing to remedy the
situation. Reporting an incident now could ultimately help another employee
later if the company doesn't take these reports seriously. These reports might
also be useful in litigation, which is why the legal aspect is important.

When to report an incident

An incident is any unexpected event that results in real or potential damage to a
person or property. At times, it may be necessary to exercise discretion when
deciding whether an event warrants a report. Consider the following categories
of workplace incidents to help you determine the necessity of documentation:

Security breach events

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 23 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 A security breach event occurs when the security system fails to protect
information or people. This can include:
 A physical break-in
 Banned personnel entering a facility
 Data breaches
 Cybercrime and stolen information

Sentinel events
Sentinel events are occurrences that result in severe physical or psychological
damage. Incidents that qualify as sentinel events include:
 Employee injuries, such as slips, falls and diseases
 Environmental incidents, such as a natural disaster
 Property damage
 Contact with blood or other hazardous materials
 Customer or patron injury or fatality
 Vehicle-related injuries or damage
 Fire-related injuries or damage

Adverse events
Adverse events typically occur in health care environments. This category refers
to incidents that involve medicine or medical devices. An example of an adverse
event might be a medical practitioner administering the incorrect dosage of
treatment or failing to provide appropriate care given the known circumstances.

Near misses
Near misses are events in which no one sustained any injuries but could've
suffered harm given the existing risk. This is a broad category, and multiple
factors are required to determine whether an incident was a near miss.
Common examples of near misses include:
 An employee using an object in an unauthorized way, such as a chair
in place of a ladder, leading them to lose their balance and nearly fall
to the floor
 An employee slipping and almost falling because of insufficient hazard
identification, a leak or dim lighting
 An employee lighting a flame in a potentially hazardous area
 An unstable surface or scaffolding that could've collapsed or caused
someone to fall.
No-harm events
This classification of incident reporting occurs when employees or management
notice an event, condition or situation that could cause harm. An example of a
no-harm event might be an accidentally incorrect dosage written on a medical
order that is either detected before administration or tolerated by the patient.
While no incident has occurred, you can still file a report as a precautionary
measure to correct the situation and prevent potential incidents in the future.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 24 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Incident reporting tips
When writing an incident report, it's important to provide clear, accurate
information in the proper way. After obtaining an incident report form, consider
these tips to write an effective report:
1. Follow workplace guidelines
Follow your company's specific guidelines for incident reporting, paying special
attention to time-based guidelines, relevant forms and who can participate in the
incident report writing. While handwriting an incident report may be an option,
consider typing the report if possible. An incident report is most effective when it's
easy to read and understand.

2. Include facts about the incident

Incident report forms are often templates, allowing you to fill in the relevant
information as directed. In cases where no template form is available, be sure to
include the key facts about the incident in question. In your first sentence, include
the following:
 The time, date and location of the incident
 Your name and work identification number, if relevant
 Names of other employees who were present

Afterward, discuss the details of the event, including:

 What you saw
 Why you think the event happened
 What everyone did before, during and after the accident
 What you experienced personally
 Contributing factors

Consider including photos, as they can be important pieces of evidence when an

incident occurs. Describe any medical treatments required after the incident
and have other witnesses sign the report.

3. Write and submit the report as soon as possible

Write your report immediately following an incident so that the details of the
event are still fresh in your memory. The earlier you write it, the likelier you are
to give an accurate account of what happened. When you've finished writing the
report, try to file it right away so that your employer can process the event and
implement corrective measures as soon as possible.
Self- Check 4.1-3

Enumeration:

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 25 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

1. What are the three incident reporting tips?
2. What are the Incidents that qualify as sentinel events?

ANSWER KEY 4.1-4

1. Three incident reporting tips

 Follow workplace guidelines

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 26 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

  Include facts about the incident
 Write and submit the report as soon as possible
2. Incidents that qualify as sentinel events:
 Employee injuries, such as slips, falls and diseases
 Environmental incidents, such as a natural disaster
 Property damage
 Contact with blood or other hazardous materials
 Customer or patron injury or fatality
 Vehicle-related injuries or damage
 Fire-related injuries or damage

LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 2

Arrange Follow-Up Support and Assistance

CONTENTS:

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 27 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 1. Medical assistance and support is arranged in accordance with workplace
procedures
2. Passenger needs are identified and provided based on emergency situation

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Medical assistance and support is arranged in accordance with workplace

procedures.
2. First aid is applied in accordance with medical procedure.
3. Passenger needs are identified and provided based on emergency situation.
REFERENCES:
 Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
 Automotive Technology; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
 Toyota Training Manual
 Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service By: de Kryger, Kobacik .Bono
 Automotive Mechanics; 10th ed. Crouse: Anglin
 Internet Websites

Conditions:
Students/Trainees must be provided with the following:
 Request form
 Incident report form
 Fire extinguisher
 Learning module
 Video materials
 Driving tools. material/equipment

Assessment Method:

1. Written Test
2. Demonstration

Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 2

Date Developed: Document No.

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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read information sheet 4.2-1 The focus of this learning outcome

Read
is for you to be able to identify the
traffic lights and Road Signs.
Read Information Sheet and answer

Information self-check. Compare your answers

with the answer key, if you cannot
get all the correct answers please

sheet 2.1-1 read again the information sheet.

Perform Job/Task Sheet and

on
Evaluate your self-using the
Performance Criteria Checklist.
If you feel you are now

Parts of knowledgeable on the content of the

information sheet, you can submit
for trainer evaluation.

Light Vehicle If mastery has been achieved,

submit yourself for Institutional

and its
Assessment.

Function
About on First Aid Procedures: General
Requirements
 Answer self-check 4.2-1
Perform Job Sheet 4.2-1 about
Management of any First Aid
Situation

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Perform Job Sheet 4.2-2 about
Transporting an Injured Person

Information sheet 4.2-1

Apply First Aid Procedures: General Requirements

Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to apply
 First Aid Procedures: General Requirements.

Apply First Aid Procedures: General Requirements

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 30 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

When providing first aid care for people experiencing illness from common
medical conditions it is advisable to follow the instructions of the casualty or
their family (if possible). Individuals who have long term medical conditions
such as diabetes or asthma know best how to manage a first aid situation but
may require your assistance.

Reassure the casualty

Imagine you are hurt in a workplace accident. You can see blood on your leg
and you think you’ve broken your arm. You’ve twisted your ankle and you’re
also inconsiderable pain and feeling a bit dizzy. You will probably be feeling
frightened and panicked or confused.
Feeling frightened and panicked could make things worse for you. Feeling this
way will increase your blood pressure and pulse causing more pain and more
bleeding. This will in turn cause more anxiety and panic. It becomes a vicious
circle.
Not only is it important to reassure the casualty to make them feel better, this
also lowers the blood pressure and pulse rate and therefore lowers the amount
of bleeding and pain.
Think of what kind of things could alleviate some of this anxiety and panic.

Methods

There are definite dos and don’ts regarding ways in which you can reassure the
casualty.

DO DON’T
Be as honest as possible Don’t tell them bad news eg ‘Emma is
dead.’ If the casualty asks about another
casualty who is dead or critical, just say
‘Everything is being done for them.’
Let the casualty know that help is Don’t react to the situation ie don’t shout
on its way. ‘Oh my goodness, look at Bob.’ or ‘Gee,
look at all that blood.’
If an ambulance has been called,
let the casualty know this
Stay with the casualty. Do not leave the casualty.
Try to make them comfortable with Don’t move the casualty unnecessarily.
minimal movement eg blankets,
icepack.
Tell the casualty your name, find Don’t tell the casualty to look at the
out theirs and use it eg ‘How are wounds
you doing, Bob?’ and ‘Help is on its

Date Developed: Document No.

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DRIVING NC II
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 way, Bob.’
Act confidently, instilling trust in Don’t fall apart (eg do not say ‘I don’t
the casualty. know what to do’).

Offering reassurance is the process of providing information that is comforting

and instils trust and confidence in your abilities to provide first aid care. You
can offer reassurance through giving the casualty information about the care
you are providing and by letting them know that professional help is on the
way, if this is the case. Your reassurance can greatly assist in reducing the
casualty’s fears and anxieties. In some circumstances bystanders may also
require reassurance that the situation is under control.

Make the casualty comfortable

You may be required to assist in a first aid situation by getting resources such
as:
 first aid kit
 blankets
 mobile phone (to call for help)
 torch
 thermometer
 ice pack
 resuscitation mask or pocket face mask
 space blanket
 extra bandages
 spacer device
 gloves

First Aid kit

If you do need to assist by accessing any of these items, prepare yourself by

becoming familiar with where these items are kept in the workplace. This will
save time and speed up the first aid response, help to promote recovery and
may prevent injuries from worsening.
Sometimes, you may need to improvise to provide effective first aid. That is, you
may need to be creative and think laterally because you might not have exactly
what you require. You will need to use something else instead. Look around you
and think of what resources you may be able to use. For example, if you need to
elevate the casualty’s legs, look for a bag or case, a small box or a chair, which
can be turned upside down in order to elevate their legs. If you can’t find
anything, hold the casualty’s legs up yourself.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 32 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

Determine and explain nature of injury and first aid procedure

For many people it would be important to know what their injuries are or what
their condition is and what first aid management if being given. Knowledge can
provide comfort and reassurance to a casualty.
Before you start providing more information to the casualty, determine first
whether they wish to be told — watch their reaction when you begin to inform
them. If the casualty nods, says OK, or asks questions, you can be assured they
wish to know what is happening.
The casualty usually has to participate in their first aid management to some
extent either by answering questions, for example, ‘Have you got your asthma
medication with you? Or they may have to position their arm slightly for a
bandage to be applied. Be aware that you will need to read their body language to
gauge how much information to provide for their comfort.

Seek consent from the casualty

When offering any assistance to a casualty who is conscious, it is important to

seek their permission for you to provide first aid management. If the casualty is
unconscious or in a life threatening situation, you should act immediately and
presume that they would prefer you to offer any assistance.
When offering first aid management for people under the age of 18, consent should
also be sought from their parent or guardian, when available.
A casualty who is of sound mind and has not provided consent or has clearly
stated that they want to be left alone, must have their wishes respected otherwise
it could be considered assault. Even with the best of intentions, it is very
important that permission is sought prior to administrating first aid. The casualty
who tells the first aider that they are fine and that they do not need help had their
own reasons for refusing assistance.

Role of the first aider

The trained first aider should provide initial treatment to the casualty that is
consistent with the first aider’s level of training and competence. As a first aider
your role and responsibilities will depend on the accident scene, the available
resources and any relevant workplace policies and procedures. In general, a first
aider may be required to:
 assess the scene
Date Developed: Document No.
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

  call for and assist Emergency Services
 provide first aid management of injuries and illnesses
 direct bystanders
 provide shelter, warmth, food and fluids, if appropriate
 provide reassurance and emotional support
 report to a supervisor and complete injury/illness forms
 maintain first aid supplies and equipment.

Caution – Work within your role limits

All first aid procedures provided by the first aider should be limited by the
extent of his/her role and skills. Where the first aid management or medical
treatment required is beyond a first aider’s level of competence, the first aider
should seek assistance from trained professionals such as an ambulance
officer, medical practitioner, or occupational health nurse.

Legal liability
Work Cover NSW (2001) states that first aiders have no more responsibility than
that set out in the employee duties under the Occupational Health and Safety.

Methods
You can call out something like this: ‘Nancy, we need some first aid in the
playground for Tommy.’ Or ‘John, quickly bring the first aid kit to the office.
Mr. Smith has hurt himself.’ Remain calm but assertive.

Correctly operate equipment

First aid equipment refers to the first aid kit, the defibrillator and other equipment
such as Epi-pens, puffers and spacers.
An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable automatic device used to
restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest. An automated external
defibrillator is applied outside the body. The AED automatically analyses the
casualty’s heart rhythm and advises the first-aider whether or not a shock is
needed to restore a normal heart beat. If the casualty’s heart resumes beating
normally, the heart has been successfully defibrillated.
The defibrillator is very simple to use. The first-aider simply follows the
instructions. However, it is strongly recommended that you complete a short
course on using a defibrillator so you are well prepared should you need to use it.

Use safe manual handling techniques

Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary.

Manual handling is an activity which requires the use of force exerted by a person
to lift, lower, pull, push, move, carry, restrain or hold any object, person or even
animal. It is an activity that is required of all people both at home and at work.

Date Developed: Document No.

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DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 34 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

Here are some general principles based on the laws of physics. They are:•Have a
wide base of support — keep feet apart, point toes in the direction you are going to
move, knees should be slightly flexed. This :Lifting? This is wrong. Never lift like
this! Why?

Handling people

Handling people is a bit different to handling boxes — people move and have
characteristics that must be taken into account in manual handling tasks.
Unpredictable behavior such as sudden movements and the need to adopt
awkward or static working postures can put you at risk.

Here are some tips to help when moving people:

o encourage the person to assist if possible
o move a person to the same level or from a higher to a lower level rather
that the other way around
o do not push, pull or slide a person sideways
o use furniture or mechanical equipment to minimize holding time
o use equipment with pushing/pulling applies at about waist level
o avoid double handling.

Handling casualties

Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary

This procedure should be followed for a person who has fallen on the floor or
who is found sitting or lying on the floor.
Under no circumstances attempt to manually lift the person from the floor.
Never attempt to lift a person alone. The person may have suffered a stroke, a
heart attack, an epileptic fit, a bleeding wound, or a fracture. Further injury of
the person can occur if manual lifting is attempted.

o Lay the person down on the floor and make them comfortable.
o Assess the person for possible complications, bleeding and
consciousness.
o Call for assistance.
o Place a pillow or towel under the person’s head.
o Ring for an ambulance if serious injury is suspected.

If the person is not seriously hurt you could attempt to help the person to stand
by rolling them onto his or her side, then onto all fours and then into a kneeling
position. Using a chair as a prop, help the person up and onto the chair. Should
the person be unable to do this with light assistance, then an ambulance
should be called.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 35 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Monitor and respond to casualty’s condition

It is important that the whole process of responding to the casualty occurs

quickly so that assessment and management of the situation may be carried out
effectively.
How do you know that somebody is in need of first aid in the first place? What
are the signs that make you suddenly stop what you are doing and become
more alert to an incident or situation? Your answer may include using your
senses:

What do you hear? Perhaps you heard shouting, screaming, a call for help, a
crash, or moaning.
What do you see? Did you see a person on the ground, strange behavior, an
upturned chair, a group of people, smoke or flames?
What do you smell? Did you smell gas, petrol, fumes or burning? The following
are some guidelines for responding to the casualty’s condition:
o Do not approach the casualty if it is unsafe to do so.
o ALWAYS call for help.
o If the casualty is unconscious, determine airway and breathing
o If the person is conscious but can’t move or feel their arms or legs, DON’T
move them. They may have a spinal injury.
o Manage illness and injuries with the guidance of a qualified first aider
and stay with the casualty.

If you need to phone for an ambulance and give details of the situation and
workplace location, make sure you know exactly where you are! You should know
the following:
o Address
o nearest cross street
o the building level you are on
o the best way for the ambulance to gain access to the casualty.
Effective first aid principles
What actually is first aid? First aid is the initial care of the sick or injured. First
aid management is a set of established procedures and aims to:
o help promote recovery
o prevent the injury or sickness from becoming worse
o seek medical help
o promote a safe environment
o provide comfort
o protect the unconscious casualty
o preserve life.

It is important to follow these basic first aid steps:

Date Developed: Document No.
September 2023
DRIVING NC II
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 1. do not panic
2. assess the situation quickly
3. make sure the area is safe to approach
4. identify the injury or sickness
5. call for help
6. stay with the casualty
7. manage the casualty
8. monitor the casualty; their situation could change at any time

Finalize casualty management

On completion of any casualty management scenario you might be required to:

o clean up the immediate area

o take immediate action to prevent recurrence of the accident
o complete workplace illness/injury forms
o seek opportunities to debrief with a work colleague, friend, family
member or professional counsellor
o restock any first aid kits/supplies.

Self-Check 4.2-1

True or False
Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and f if the statement is
wrong.
1. Not only is it important to reassure the casualty to make them feel
better, this also lowers the blood pressure and pulse rate and therefore
lowers the amount of bleeding and pain.

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 37 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 2. When offering any assistance to a casualty who is conscious, it is
important to seek their permission for you to provide first aid
management
3. Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary
4. It is important that the whole process of responding to the casualty
occurs quickly so that assessment and management of the situation may
be carried out effectively.
5. First aiders should not administer first aid management beyond their
level of training and should weigh the risks involved in treating a person
against their own capabilities to provide safe and effective first aid.

Answer Key 4.2-1

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 38 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 Job Sheet 4.2-1

Title Management of Any First Aid

Situation

Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the

trainee should be able to perform the

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 39 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 process on managing of any first aid
situation.
Materials/Tools/Equipment  First Aid equipment and
materials
 Communication equipment
appropriate to the workplace
 Workplace Documentation
 Enterprise Products
Procedures Task

1.Initial approach to a first aid scene a. Assess the scene and make sure it is
safe to enter
b. Gather immediate impressions and
information
c. Gain consent to offer assistance
2.Determineimmediatepriorities(DRABCD) a. Use the DRABCD Action Plan to
conduct an initial assessment of the
casualty and to determine if life
threatening situation sexist
b. Administer immediate Basic Life
Support, as required
3.Call for help a. Call services such as Emergency
Services and the ambulance for help
at the earliest possible stage, if
required
4.Secondary assessment of the casualty a. Look for signs and symptoms of
injury or illness
b. Manage injuries and illness
c. Provide reassurance
d. Assess for and manage shock
e. Closely monitor the victim’s
condition
5.Communicatedetails of the incident a. Hand over information to Emergency
Services
b. Advise workplace supervisor of
incident
c. Complete any necessary workplace
reports
6.Finalise first aid management a. Clean up the scene
b. Restock any first aid kits/supplies
c. Seek counselling or debriefing, as
required

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 40 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

Performance Assessment Performance Criteria Checklist

Performance Criteria Checklist

Criteria
Yes No
Did the trainee…
1. Perform Initial approach to a first aid scene?
x

Date Developed: Document No.

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DRIVING NC II
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

2. Determine immediate priorities (DRABCD)?
x
3. Call for help?
x
4. Perform Secondary assessment of the casualty? x
5. Communicate details of the incident? x
6. Finalize first aid management? x

Job Sheet 4.2-2

Title TRANSPORTING AN INJURED

PERSON
Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the
trainee should be able to transport
an injured person.
Date Developed: Document No.
September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 42 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

Materials/Tools/Equipment  First Aid equipment and
materials
Procedures Task

1. Check the Injury before Moving the  if your loved one is injured and
Person the injury involves his or her neck
or back, DO NOT move your loved
one unless absolutely necessary.
Call for professional medical
emergency services
2. Make Sure the Injured Person Has to be  If the injured person must be
Moved pulled to safety, for example, he
or she is lying in a public place,
move the person to a safer or less
busy area slowly and carefully.
Pull the person’s body gently
lengthwise, not sideways. If
possible, slide a coat or blanket
under the person and pull the
coat/blanket as the way of
moving the person.
3. Moving an Injured Person  Placing an injured person on a
blanket:
1. Carefully turn the person
toward you and slip a half-
rolled blanket under his or her
back.
2. Turn the person on his or her
side over the blanket, unroll,
and return the person onto his
or her back.
3. Drag the blanket by the top
(where the person’s head is
lying) first, keeping your back
as straight as possible.
 If the injured person must be
lifted:
1. Support each part of the person’s
body. Have another person help
you provide support at the injured
person’s head, while you support
the injured person’s feet (or vice
versa). Use a board, shutter, table

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
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MELY JOY S. AGEAS

 top or other firm surface to keep
the injured person’s body as level
as possible.
 Wait until the appropriate
emergency medical personnel
arrive on the scene.
Performance Assessment Performance Criteria Checklist

Performance Criteria Checklist

Criteria
Yes No
Did the trainee…

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 44 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS

1. Check the Injury before Moving the Person?
x
2. Make sure the injured person has to be moved?
x
3. Moving an Injured Person appropriately?
x
4. Perform OHS? x
5. Perform 5’s? x

Date Developed: Document No.

September 2023
DRIVING NC II
Developed by: Pag 45 of vii

MELY JOY S. AGEAS