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Water Treatment Report

The document summarizes the key structures and processes of the Legedadi water treatment plant and reservoir in Ethiopia. The reservoir collects water from tributaries to regulate flows and supply water to Addis Ababa. The treatment plant uses mixing chambers to treat water with chemicals before storing it. It supplies 70% of the city's water through pipelines from its intakes, towers, and galleries. The structures include dams, spillways, outlets, and sediment facilities to manage water levels and flows.

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Yassin Alo
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337 views3 pages

Water Treatment Report

The document summarizes the key structures and processes of the Legedadi water treatment plant and reservoir in Ethiopia. The reservoir collects water from tributaries to regulate flows and supply water to Addis Ababa. The treatment plant uses mixing chambers to treat water with chemicals before storing it. It supplies 70% of the city's water through pipelines from its intakes, towers, and galleries. The structures include dams, spillways, outlets, and sediment facilities to manage water levels and flows.

Uploaded by

Yassin Alo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

The purpose of the reservoir is to regulate the flows in the sendafa river ,
tributary of Legedadi river , and use them for the water supply of Addis Ababa .
The dam was built in the 60s to meet the increasing demand for potable water .
Legedadi dam consists of eight different dam types , designed to better adapt to
the different geological condition of the foundation . The two main dam types ,
are Hollow Gravity Concrete Dam (Main Dam) and Bituminous Face Rockfill Dam
(Saddle Dam) .
The spillway consists of three bays controlled by flap gates , discharging into a
163m long chute which in order to reduce the erosion in the river bed , end with a
flip bucket type energy dissipator .
The bottom outlet , located in the dam body , includes twin pipes with a diameter
of 900mm with emergency closure , two guard valves , two regulating valves and
two energy dissipating cone valves Howell-Bunger type .
The intake consists of a tower with three inlets at different levels , an artificial
gallery crossing the secondary dam and steel pipe to transfer the flow from the
intakes to the treatment plant .

The treatment process


Mixing chamber is the first stage where the chemicals and raw water will be
mixed. The mixer works by a motor engine . It will only take 50 seconds for the
water to be mixed with the chemicals . The chamber has its own gages to control
the amount of water and chemical entering . The chamber will treat 2500m 3 of
water per hour. Considering its turbidity , this chamber works for 24 hours
without break and they observe this chamber continuously though this hours
after the treatment is finished samples of water is taken to laboratories to check
its safety every 15 days this will be performed . After it is treated and left the
treatment plant it will reach to the terminals which store the treated water so
before it enter to be stored it will be tested by laboratory there if any chemical is
reduced for example if it has less chlorine content they will add what is required
by their own so post chlorine is checked by them . The chemicals used in the
process are covolanted polyelectrol and Cl2 (chlorine gas) . The chlorine was
imported before but now they started manufacturing it from salt by electrolysis
process .
70% of Addis Ababa water supply comes from Legedadi water treatment plant .
The other remaining 30% comes from Akaki Kality and Gefersa , Gefersa is small
which is ¼ of Legedadi water treatment plant . Legedadi was founded by Emperor
Hailesellasie before 51 years , 1964 EC .

Basic structures (elements) of the water treatment


plant
Intake hour consists 3 valves , a manholes the valves are screen valves will be
used to inlet the water in the 3 valves will be opened in different season , they are
placed in 7m difference . Now they use valve 1 at the time we visited . Valve 2 will
be opened at March and April by observing the amount or the level of water .
Maximum level of Legedadi is 2270m above sea level which is up to 67m , and the
maximum depth is 40m . Deep up to the bottom drainage , the surface area of
Legedadi is 20 Gasha . The measurement is expressed in Gasha which an old
measurement used in our country .
Legedadi gets water from 7 different places like Sendafa , Befeta , Dere and also
from other source of water during the rainy season . the water is controlled by
collecting data from different places which are rainy then some gates will be
opened to release water to avoid overflow . They also use gaging station which is
controlled by them .
The maximum water level in the rainy season is 66.15m , above this overflow will
occur , which is on September (Meskerem) . At the time we visited the water level
was 64.30m .
Sediment outlet is the other structural member . The spillway is hydraulic system
works by oil . It will be opened for minimum 7 minutes and maximum 15
minutes . When it is opened for 7 minutes , it lays down 1 meter . There are 3
spillways on the structure , one of the 3 spillways is not working because it has
finished its design period which is 50 years . Now it is 51 years so it will start to be
reinnovated and do some changes for the structures .
7500m3/day is treated by the treatment plant . The dam is of two types ; rock
dam and buttress dam . The main dam is 68m high , the spillway height is 66m .
The dam is buttress dam which is not common but was chosen at that time .

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