COMP-261

Computer Organization & Assembly Language

Dr Taimur Ahmed
Department of IT & CS, PAF-IAST
Course Administration
 Instructor and Contact Information
 Dr Taimur Ahmed
 Office: C1-306
 Email: [email protected]
 Consultation hours: Monday – Tuesday 10:00 am – 1:00 pm
(check office entrance for updated consultation hours)

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Course Administration
 Text Book(s)
 William Stallings, "Computer Organization and
Architecture", 10th edition, Pearson, 2016.
ISBN: 978-0134101613

 David A. Patterson, John L. Hennesy, "Computer

Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software
Interface", 5th edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2013.
ISBN: 978-0124077263

 Kip Irvine, “Assembly Language for x86

Processors”, 7th edition, Pearson, 2014.
ISBN: 978-0133769401

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Course Administration
 Marks Distribution
Theory (100%) Laboratory (100%)
Percentage Percentage
Assessment Items Assessment Items
Weightages Weightages
Quizzes (4x) 8% Lab Reports 20%
Assignments (4x) 12% Lab Performance 40%
Project-I 10% Viva 10%
Mid-term 25% Project-II 30%
Final Exam 50%

80% Theory and Lab attendance is required to appear in the final examination.

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Course Administration
 Written Reports
 Assignments must be submitted before the given deadline.
 Laboratory reports must be submitted at the end of each lab.
 A penalty for any late work is 20% OFF for the first date and an
additional 30% OFF for the second day.
No work will be accepted thereafter.

 Projects
 Lab and Project groups must be of max 4 students.

See course card for weekly lecture content

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 Week# 1
Introduction to Digital Systems and Typical
Architecture
Dr Taimur Ahmed
Department of IT & CS, PAF-IAST
Today’s Lecture Outline
Today’s Lecture Outline
1. About this Course
2. What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
3. About Assembly Language

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1. About this Course
About this Course
 Course Objective:
 To introduce the internal working and organization of various building
blocks of a digital computer as well as simple assembly language
programming techniques.

 Upon completion of this course, you will develop basic understanding

of computer system architecture including CPU design, memory subsystem
design and performance enhancement techniques.

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About this Course
 Course Content:
 Basic Structure & Components of a Computer System
 Difference in Computer Organization & Computer Architecture
 Computer Evolution
 Microprocessor & Microcontrollers
 Interconnection Structures
 Memory Organization
 Data Representation
 Instruction Set
 Processor Structure & Function
 Processor Registers & FLAGS

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2. Computer Architecture & Computer
Organization
What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer System
 Computer Architecture
is a functional description of requirements and design
implementation for the various parts of a computer. It
deals with the functional behavior of computer systems.

Architecture describes what the computer does

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What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer System
 Computer Organization
is how operational attributes are linked together and
contribute to realizing the architectural specification.

Organization describes how it does it

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What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer System
 Difference between Computer Architecture
and Computer Organization

S.No Computer Architecture Computer Organization

Architecture describes what Organization describes how it does
a computer does. it
1.
What instructions a How does the computer hardware
computer understands! carry out instructions!
It deals with high-level It deals with low-level design
2.
design issues. issues.
Architecture indicates its Organization indicates its
3.
hardware. performance.
As a programmer, you can
view architecture as a The implementation of the
4. series of instructions, architecture is called
addressing modes, and organization.
registers.

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What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer System
 Difference between Computer Architecture
and Computer Organization

S.No Computer Architecture Computer Organization

For designing a computer, an
For designing a computer,
5. organization is decided after its
architecture is fixed first.
architecture.
Computer Architecture is Computer Organization is
6. also called Instruction Set frequently called
Architecture (ISA). microarchitecture.
Computer Architecture
comprises logical functions Computer Organization consists of
7. such as instruction sets, physical units like circuit
registers, data types, and designs, peripherals, and adders.
addressing modes.

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What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
Computer System
 Difference between Computer Architecture
and Computer Organization

S.No Computer Architecture Computer Organization

The different architectural
categories found in our CPU organization is classified
computer systems are as into three categories based on
follows: the number of address fields:
1. Von-Neumann Architecture 1. Organization of a single
8.
2. Harvard Architecture Accumulator
3. Instruction Set 2. Organization of general
Architecture registers
4. Micro-architecture 3. Stack organization
5. System Design

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What is Computer Architecture and Computer Organization?
 Example:
IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 A user could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon
original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same
architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe
product line

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3. Assembly Language
About the Assembly Language
 What will be covered in the course?
 Why is it important to study Assembly language?
 Syntax
 Basic Instructions
 Flow Control Instructions
 High Level Language Structures
 Logic, Shift and Rotate Instructions
 The Stack
 Multiplication & Division Instructions
 Array & Addressing Modes
 String Instructions
 Procedures & Macros
 Translation of high-level language into assembly language

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