NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES

Erythrocyte Studies
• Red Blood Cell Count (RBC): Male adult: 4.5 – 6.2 million/mm3; Female adult: 4.5 – 5.0
million/mm3
• Hemoglobin (Hgb): Male: 14-16.5 g/dL; Female: 12-15 g/dL
• Hematocrit (Hct): Male: 42 – 52%; Female: 35 – 47%
• Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 78 – 100 μm3 (male) 78 – 102 μm3 (female)
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): 25 – 35pg
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 31 – 37%
• Serum iron: Male: 65 – 175 mcg/dL; Female: 50 – 170 mcg/dL
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): 0 – 30 mm/hour (value may vary depending on age)

White Blood Cells and Differential

• White Blood Cell (WBC) Count: 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm³
• Neutrophils: 55 – 70% or 1,800 to 7,800 cells/mm³
• Lymphocytes: 20 – 40% or 1,000 to 4,800 cells/mm³
• Monocytes: 2 – 8% or 0.0 to 800 cells/mm³
• Eosinophils: 1 – 4% or 0.0 to 450 cells/mm³
• Basophils: 0–2% or 0.0 to 200 cells/mm³
• Bands: 0–2 % or 0.0 to 700 cells/mm³

Coagulation Studies
• Platelet count (PLT): 150,000 to 400,000 cells/mm³
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT): 20 to 60 seconds, depending on the type of
activator used.
• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 – 13 seconds
• Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): 25 – 35 seconds
• International Normalized Ratio (INR): The INR standardizes the PT ratio and is calculated in the
laboratory setting by raising the observed PT ratio to the power of the international sensitivity
index specific to the thromboplastin reagent used.
• Fibrinogen: 203 – 377 mg/dL
• Bleeding time: 1 to 3 minutes (Duke method), 3 to 6 minutes (Ivy method)
• D-Dimer: < 500 ng/mL

Serum Electrolytes
• Potassium (K+): 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
• Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L
• Chloride (Cl-): 95 – 105 mEq/L
• Calcium (Ca+):
• Total calcium: 4.5 – 5.5 mEq/L (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL)
• Ionized calcium: 2.5 mEq/L (4.0 – 5.0 mg/dL) 56% of total calcium
• Phosphorus (P): 1.8 – 2.6 mEq/L (2.7 to 4.5 mg/dL)
• Magnesium (Mg): 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL
• Serum Osmolality: 280 to 300 mOsm/kg
• Serum bicarbonate: 22 to 29 mEq/L
Renal Function Studies
• Creatinine (Cr): 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 8 to 25 mg/dL

Glucose Studies
• Glucose:
• Glucose, fasting: 70 – 110 mg/dL
• Glucose, monitoring: 60 – 110 mg/dL
• Glucose, 2-hr postprandial: < 140mg/dL
• Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
• 70 – 110 mg/dL (baseline fasting)
• 110 – 170 mg/dL (30 minute fasting)
• 120 – 170 mg/dL (60 minute fasting)
• 100 – 140 mg/dL (90 minute fasting)
• 70 – 120 mg/dL (120 minute fasting)
• Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
• 7% or lower (good control of diabetes)
• 7% to 8% (fair control of diabetes)
• Higher than 8 % (poor control of diabetes)
• Diabetes Mellitus autoantibody panel: Less than 1:4 titer with no antibody detected

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

• Arterial blood pH: 7.35 – 7.45

• Oxygen saturation (SaO2): >95%
• Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): 35 – 45 mmHg
• Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2): 80 – 100 mmHg
• Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22 – 26 mEq/L

Liver Function Tests

• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT):
• Male: 10 to 55 units/L
• Female: 7 to 30 units/L
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST):
• Male: 10 – 40 units/L
• Female: 9 – 25 units/L
• Total bilirubin: 0.3 – 1.0 mg/dL
• Direct bilirubin (conjugated): 0.0 to 0.2 mg/dL
• Indirect bilirubin (unconjugated): 0.1 to 1 mg/dL; Critical level: > 12 mg/dL
• Albumin: 3.4 to 5 g/dL
• Ammonia: 35 – 65 mcg/dL (adult)
• Amylase: 25 to 151 units/L
• Lipase: 10 to 140 units/L
• Protein: 6 to 8 g/dL
Lipoprotein Profile
• Cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL): 30 to 70 mg/dL
• Low density lipoprotein (LDL): Less than 130 mg/dL
• Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL

Cardiac Markers and Serum Enzymes

• Creatine kinase (CK)
• Male: 38 – 174 U/L
• Female: 26 – 140 U/L
• Creatinine kinase isoenzymes
• CK-MM: 95% – 100% of total
• CK-MB: 0% – 5% of total
• CK-BB: 0%
• Myoglobin: 5–70 ng/mL
• Troponin:
• Troponin: Less than 0.04 ng/mL; above 0.40 ng/mL may indicate MI
• Troponin T: Greater than 0.1 to 0.2 ng/mL may indicate MI
• Troponin I: Less than 0.6 ng/mL; >1.5 ng/mL indicates myocardial infarction
• Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): 22 to 27 pg/mL
• Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): less than 100 pg/mL
• C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP): reference range provided with results should be reviewed

HIV and AIDS Testing

• CD4+ T-cell count:
• Normal: 500 to 1600 cells/L.
• Severe: Less than 200 cells/L
• CD4-to-CD8 ratio: 2:1
Thyroid function test
• Triiodothyronine (T₃): 80 to 230 ng/dL
• Thyroxine (T₄): 5 to 12 mcg/dL
• Thyroxine, free (FT₄): 0.8 to 2.4 ng/dL
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin): 0.2 to 5.4 microunits/mL
Urinalysis
• Color: Pale yellow • Red blood cells: < 3 cells/HPF
• Odor: Aromatic odor • White blood cells: < or = 4 cells/HPF
• Turbidity: Clear • Bacteria: None or >1000/ml
• Specific gravity: 1.016 to 1.022 • Casts: None to few
• pH: 4.5 to 7.8 • Crystals: None
• Protein: Negative • Uric acid: 250 to 750 mg/24 hours
• Ketones: Negative • Sodium: 40 to 220 mEq/24 hours
• Bilirubin: Negative • Potassium: 25 to 125 mEq/24 hours
• Glucose: >0.5 g/day • Magnesium: 7.3 – 12.2 mg/dL
Hepatitis Testing
• Hepatitis A: Presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to Hepatitis A and presence of total
antibody (IgG and IgM) may suggest recent or current Hep A infection.
• Hepatitis B: Detection of Hep B core Antigen (HBcAg), envelope antigen (HBeAg), and surface
antigen (HBsAg), or their corresponding antibodies.
• Hepatitis C: Confirmed by the presence of antibodies to Hep C virus.
• Hepatitis D: Detection of Hep D antigen (HDAg) early in the course of infection and detection of
Hep D virus antibody in later stages of the disease.
• Hepatitis E: Specific serological tests for hepatitis E virus include detection of IgM and IgG
antibodies to hepatitis E.

Therapeutic Drug Levels

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol): 10 to 20 mcg/mL

• Carbamazepine (Tegretol): 5 to 12 mcg/mL
• Digoxin (Lanoxin): 0.5 to 2 ng/mL
• Gentamicin (Garamycin): 5 – 10 mcg/mL (peak); <2.0 mcg/mL (trough)
• Lithium (Lithobid): 0.5 to 1.2 mEq/L
• Magnesium sulfate: 4 to 7 mg/dL
• Phenobarbital (Luminal): 10 to 30 mcg/mL
• Phenytoin (Dilantin): 10 to 20 mcg/mL
• Salicylate: 100 to 250 mcg/mL
• Theophylline: 10 to 20 mcg/dL
• Tobramycin (Tobrex): 5 – 10 mcg/mL (peak); 0.5 – 2.0 mcg/mL (trough)
• Valproic acid (Depakene): 50 – 100 mcg/mL
• Vancomycin (Vancocin): 20 – 40 mcg/mL (peak); 5 – 15 mcg/mL (trough)