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MODULE GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

NAME:
COMPOUNDING
 Read all instructions carefully.
OF  Write your examination number
PHARMACEUTI and NACTE registration number on
CAL each page you use.
PREPARATIONS  Attempt all questions. The
responses should be written in the spaces provided as
instructed on each section.
 Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are
NOT allowed in the examination room
 Each essay question to be answered on not more than
2-3 hand written pages.
 No additional answer sheets will be provided
 Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
 This paper consists of five (5) sections

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ALLO SCO INITIA INITIA
SEC TYPES OF CATED RED L L
TIO QUESTIONS SIGNA SIGNA
N MARK MA TURE TURE
S RKS OF OF
MARK VERIF

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ER IER
A MULTIPLE 10
CHOICE
B MULTIPLE 10
TRUE/FALS
E
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT 40
ANSWER
E ESSAY 30
TOT 100
AL

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Encircle the letter of the most correct answer
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct
answer

1. Which of the following is the general rule for

measurement of volumes using graduated
cylinders?
A. Dark colored paper in held in front of
measures for reading
B. Read the scale below the eye level
C. Thumb is used to close the pipette at the top
D. Measure should be cleaned and dried
after each measurement
E.Viscous liquid can be measured by pipette.

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2. On preventive maintenance of apparatus in

pharmaceutical compounding setting, the
following is one of the activity:
A. To make it palatable for a child
B. To change stomach upset when taking oral
medication
C. To exclude an unwanted or non-essential
ingredient
D. To define the art and science of creating
personalized medications
E.To unplug items when they are not in use

3. Concerning weighting balance:

A. Do not use a balance that is suitable for
weighing
B. Never try to weigh quantities exceeding
the capacity of balance
C. The minimum weight by the balance is
determined by multiplying largest scale unit by
200.
D. Calibrate the SI unit system of compounding
laboratory
E.Greasy and semi-solid materials should be
weighed on a piece of paper

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4. Which among the following is INCORRECT part

of auxiliary label?
A. Three times daily
B. For external use only
C. Store in a cool place
D. Shake the bottle before use
E.Not to be swallowed

5. The function of mortar and pestle is:

A. Sieving
B. Fusion
C. Dissolution
D. Size reduction
E.Agitation
Study the following formula careful and answer
questions 6 to 8:

MAGNESIUM TRISLICATE MIXTURE

 Magnesium
Trisilicate…………………………………5g
 Light Magnesium
Carbonate………………………….5g
 Sodium
bicarbonate…………………………………...5
g

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 Peppermint emulsion,
cons……………………………2.5ml
 Chloroform Water, Double Strength
…………...50ml
 Water for preparations
to…………………………….100ml
Use: as an antacid
Dose: 10ml to 20ml with water or other fluid
between meals
6. Concerning the dose:
A. Take 2tsp i.c with water or other fluid
B. Take 2tsp o.d with water or other fluid
C. Take 2tsp q.d with water or other fluid
D. Take 2tsp t.i.d with water or other fluid
E.Take 2tsp b.d with water or other fluid

7. Chloroform water double strength was used as a:

A. Flavor
B. Vehicle
C. Preservative
D. Antacid
E.Diluent

8. Sodium bicarbonate has been used as a:

A. Diluent
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B. Preservative
C. Vehicle
D. Flavor
E. Antacid

9. If the required amount is 1500g and the total

amount in the official formula is 100g; factor is:
A. Reduced by hundred times
B. Fifteen times greater than official
amount
C. Minimized by fifteen hundred times
D. Maximized by hundreds times
E.Fifteen times smaller than official amount

10. The function of the evaporating dish is to:

A. Dilute solution
B. Triturate solution
C. Increase particle – size
D. Concentrate solution
E. Reduce particle size

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SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE

QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of four (4) questions with five
(5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a
correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT
letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space
provided before each option
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct
response
 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be
awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated
marks for responses with small letters.

1. The following descriptions are about a pipette:

A. TRUE Its choice is governed by the
volume required
B. FALSE It exists in three main types
C. TRUE Rubber tit is for sucking
purpose

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D. TRUE It is indicated for quantities

less than 5ml
E.FALSE Blow out is encouraged in pharmacy
practice

2. Concerning meniscus:
A. TRUE Read the scale at eye level
B. FALSE Fore finger is used to close burette
at the top
C. TRUE Hold a piece of dark colored
paper when reading is difficult
D. FALSE Pipette is held by a ring finger and
middle finger
E.TRUE After cleaning pipette is kept
upside down

3. Stock solution:
A. FALSE Enables pharmaceutical personnel
to dispense large quantities
B. TRUE Strong solution of known
concentration
C. FALSE Weak solution of known
concentration
D. TRUE Enable pharmaceutical
personnel to dispense small quantities

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E.TRUE Are solutions of known

concentration that are frequently prepared.

4. Powders for oral use:

A. FALSE Are mixtures of finely divided
liquids
B. TRUE Are mixtures of finely divided
solids
C. TRUE Bulk and divided powders are
their examples
D. FALSE Comprise of the active excipients
plus ingredients.
E.TRUE Comprise of the active ingredients
plus excipients

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS

(10MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of two (2) questions matching
with five (5) options each.
 Match the items from column B with those in
column A by writing the letter of the correct

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response in the space provided on each option. USE

CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.
 Each item from column B is used only once.

PART ONE:
Match the description in column B with the most
appropriate abbreviation in column A.
S/No Column Answer Column B:
A:
1. o.m. D A: whenever
2. p.c. E required
3. p.a.a. G B: drops
4. p.r.n. A C: two times a day
5. gtt. B D: every morning
E: after food
F: between meal
G: to be applied to
the affected part
H: before food

PART TWO:
Match the descriptions in column B with most
appropriate dilution process in column A.
S/No Column A: Answer Column B:

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1 Trituration C A: Amount used

2 Alligation E approximately equal in
alternate size
3 Alligation F B: Prepared by melting
medial together ingredients
4 Fusion B C: Process of reducing
5 Geometric A substances to fine
mixing particles through
grinding.
D: Frequently prepared
by inconvenience
E: Calculate the
number of parts of two
or more components
F: Weighted average
percentage strength of
mixtures of two or
more substances

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(40 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions.
 Write your answers in the space provided on each
question

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 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS

NOT ALLOWED.

1. Mention five (5) importance of proper storage of

equipment and instrument. (5marks)
Answer:
i. Keeping all items clean and dry after use
ii. Keep items protected from dust and dirty
after use by keeping them covered.
iii. Keep items protected from dust and dirty
after use by keeping them covered.
iv. Removing batteries when battery – operated
items are not in use to prevent corrosion
v. Returning the items to their respective storage
places after use.

2. List five (5) references books used in compounding.

Answers:
i. Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (TPH)
ii. Pharmaceutical Codex (PCx)
iii. Remington: (The Sciences and Practice of
Pharmacy 21st Edition)
iv. The Tanganyika Formulary (TF)
v. British Pharmacopoeia (BP)
vi. British National Formulary (BNF)
vii. United State Pharmacopoeia (USP)

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viii. Martindale’s Extra Pharmacopoeia

3. How many milliliters of 0.05% potassium

permanganate solution must be added to 135ml
potassium permanganate solution 1.5% in order to
prepare a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution?
(5 marks)
Answers:
1.5 0.45 parts of 1.5% solution

0.5
0.05 1 part of 0.05% solution

Ratio = 0.45 : 1
0.45 part  135ml
1 part ?
1 part = 1 X 135ml
0.45
1 part = 300ml
300ml of potassium permanganate 0.05%
solution is added to 135ml potassium
permanganate 1.5% solution to produce a
5.0% solution.
4. (a) Define geometric mixing/dilution.
(2 marks)

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(b) Mention three (3) specialized food products.

(3 marks)
Answer:
(a) Geometric mixing/dilution;
Is the mixing/dilution which start with the solid of
the smallest quantity to which the other solids are
added according to increasing amount and at each
addition on amount added should be
approximately equal to that in the mortar.

(b) Specialized food products:

i. Nutritionally dense fortified products used to
treat acute malnutrition.
ii. Food products prescribed as medicine in
clinic services on clear clinical enrolment and
exit criteria and for a limited time.
iii. Individual take-home rations to be consumed
by the malnourished client and not shared
with other family members.

5. From the following formula, calculate the quantity of

each ingredient required to make 1500g of the
powder. (5marks)
Calcium carbonate --------------5 parts
Magnesium oxide ---------------1 part

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Sodium bicarbonate ------------ 4 parts

Bismuth sub carbonate --------- 3 parts
Answers:
Total parts = 5 + 1 + 4 + 3 = 13
Factor = Required amount
Total amount in official formula
= 1500g
13g
Factor = 115.385
Official amount Factor Required
amount
Calcium carbonate 576.925g
---------------------5g 115.385 115.385g
Magnesium oxide 461.54g
-----------------------1g 466.155g
Sodium
Bicarbonate-----------------
---4g
Bismuth sub carbonate
----------------3g

6. List all components of the label of the

extemporaneous preparation product. (5marks)
Answer
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i. Name of the preparation/drug

ii. Reference book e.g. TPH, PCx, BPC
iii. Quantity of the drug
iv. Name of the Patient
v. Instructions on how to use the drug
vi. Manufacturing date
vii. Date when the preparation should not be
used
viii. Storage condition
ix. Auxiliary label (e.g. shake before use/for
external use only)

7. Mention ten apparatus used for compounding.

(5marks)
Answer
i. Funnel vi. Spatula
ii. Beaker vii. Stearing rode
iii. Sieve viii. Conical
flask
iv. Pipette ix. Evaporating dish
v. Measuring cylinder x.
thermometer
xi. Rubber tit

8. a). Mention three (3) instruments used in

compounding: (3 marks)

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instruments used in compounding:

Answer:
i. weighing balance
ii. water bath
iii. bunsen burner
iv. stove
b)Differentiate between disinfectant and antiseptic
(2 marks)
Answer:
Antiseptic is a chemical agent used in antisepsis,
a substance that opposes sepsis. While
Disinfectant is a chemical agent used for
disinfection.

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SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS

(30 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS
 This section consists of three (3) questions which
are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this
question paper; each question should start on a
new page.
 There will be a penalty of three(3) marks if
questions are not answered in essay form

1. Explain general procedures for liquid solutions

preparation.
Answers:
Introduction
(0.5 marks)
 A solution is a homogenous liquid preparation
that contains one or more dissolved
medicaments.
Main Body (9
marks)
General procedures;

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 Write out the formula either from the

prescription (unofficial) or from an
official text (official).
 Calculate the quantities required for each
ingredient in the formula to produce the
required final volume.
 Prepare a suitable label.
 For liquid to liquid solution measure the
accurate volumes required.
 Make up to final volume with remaining
vehicle.
 Transfer to a suitable container, label and
dispense to the patient.

Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Candidate should give summary e.g. above
discussion.

2. Mm Explain procedures for reconstituting Oral

Rehydration Salt (ORS).
Answers:
Introduction:
(2 marks)

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 Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS) in the solution

prepared to maintain electrolyte balance in the
body.

Main body:
(7.5marks)
(a) Pour one litre (four glasses) of boiled and
cooled water into a clean container ( jug or
flask).
(b) Add contents of sachet (powders) to water
and stir to dissolve solutes (using stirring rod
in this case).
(c) Then the product is ready for use. Any
portion of the solution remained after 24
hours should be discarded.

Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Candidate should give summary of the above
discussion.

3. Explain requirements for a good container.

Answers:

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Candidate answer should focus on the following

hints;

i. Introduction:
(2 marks)
Container is defined as a vessel i.e. glass
plastic, and or metal when is designed for
keeping preparation.

ii. Main body:

(7.5marsk)
Requirements
 Be strong enough to protect the contents
from normal mechanical hazards of
handling and transport.
 Prevent leakage
 Provide protection from environmental
conditions, such as moisture,
microorganisms, oxygen, carbon dioxide
and light.
 Be sufficiently transparent to inspect
liquid preparation.
 Do not react with the contents.

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iii. Conclusion:
(0.5 mark)
Candidate should give summary of above
discussion.

MODULE NAME: LAW AND ETHICS IN PHARMACY

PRACTICE

 Write your examination number and NACTE

registration number on each page you use.

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 Attempt all questions. The responses should be written

in the spaces provided as instructed on each section.
 Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are
NOT allowed in the examination room
 Each essay question to be answered on not more than
2-3 hand written pages.
 No additional answer sheets will be provided
 Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
 This paper consists of five (5) sections

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ALLO SCO INITIA INITIA
SEC TYPES OF CATED RED L L
TIO QUESTIONS SIGNA SIGNA
N MARK MA TURE TURE
S RKS OF OF
MARK VERIF
ER IER
A MULTIPLE 10
CHOICE
B MULTIPLE 10
TRUE/FALS

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E
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT 40
ANSWER
E ESSAY 30
TOT 100
AL

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Encircle the letter of the most correct answer
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct
answer

11. A pharmaceutical personnel must ensure

that:
A. Safe, efficacious and of low quality
medicine are available

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B. Should collude any person to perform acts

specifically and pertaining to the profession of
pharmacy.
C. Should not enter into any agreement with
a medical practitioner
D. Shall not offer advice on homeopathic or
herbal medicines or other complementary
therapies
E.In any practice it is not necessary to comply with
all professional and ethical requirements

12. Antidotes used at dispensaries level are:

A. Ipecacuanha syrup, containing 0.14% and
charcoal
B. Charcoal; activated, tablet or powder
50mg
C. Magnesium sulphate powder and 5 tablet or
powder 50mg
D. Antivenom and Ipecacuanha syrup
E.Atropine injection (sulphate) and activated
charcoal

13. Which section in the Pharmacy Act 2011 is

related to storage of medicines and medical
supplies?
A. Section 42, section 34 and section 36.

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B. Section 36, section 38 and section 44.

C. Section 34, section 36 and section 44.
D. Section 29, section 20 and section 21.
E.Section 25, section 13 and section 36.

14. A person shell not sell, dispense or suppliy

medicinal products unless he has obtained a
permit under the pharmacy Act 2011 section?
A. section 34
B. section 44
C. section 35
D. section 36
E.section 13

15. Medicine and cosmetic product shall be

considered as unfit when they are?
A. Expired and properly sealed
B. Damaged and properly stored
C. Authorized and improperly labeled
D. Improperly sealed and improperly
labeled
E.Standard and adulterated

16. In order to manage properly unfit medicines

and cosmetic products at a facility level the
following requirement shall be adhered to:

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A. The decision of when to initiate disposal of

unfit medicine and cosmetic products shall be
made by police officer of that area.
B. “Not for sale” label it is enough and there is
no need to maintain safe custody of unfit product
in registered premises until they are disposed off
to avoid pilferage.
C. Keep in containers according to their
dosage form to facilitate verification exercise,
sorting and selection of disposal method.
D. Keep them into one category by mixing
solid, semisolid, and powders with liquids like
solution, suspension and syrup.
E.Medicine which falls under controlled drugs,
antineoplastic antibodies must put in one
container and label “unfit medicine/cosmetics in
red ink.

17. The Pharmacy Act 2011, section 34 state

that:
A. A person shall sell, dispense or supply
medicine products except in premises registered
under this Act.
B. An application for registration or renewal of
registration of premises shall not be the council
in the prescribed from.

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C. The registrar or any person in his behalf

has power to approve the location and name
of the proposal premises.
D. The council has no mandatory to refuse to
register or to cause to be removed from the
register.
E.If commits an offence and upon convictions shall
be liable to a fine exceeding ten million shillings
or imprisonment for a term not less than five
years or both.

18. The following are responsibilities of

pharmaceutical personnel to maintain well being
of the community, EXCEPT?
A. Must promote, develop and maintain
policies which are designed to prevent ill health
and promote healthy lifestyle of the community.
B. Has a professional obligation to excessive
control over all medicine and related product that
are manufactured.
C. Must condone the use and abuse of drugs
or any other substance that can induce charge
in the personality of a person.
D.

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E.Shall not sell in pharmacy products such as

tobacco, liquor and related products except when
meant for medicinal purposes.
F.Must take sufficiently reasonable steps to ensure
that working conditions are so arranged so as to
protect the safety of the public and people
working in the premises.

19. The pharmaceutical personnel preserve the

confidentiality of information about patient
acquired in the course of his professional practice
by ensuring:
A. Must provide pharmaceutical care services
without consideration for the personal privacy of
patients.
B. Most ensure affirmation duties to institute
and maintain immoral practice that protects
patient confidentiality
C. Pharmacy care may require that other health
care personnel have no access to or be provided
with relevant information.
D. Both the amount of information disclosed
and those to whom the disclosure is made should
not be restricted only for that information which
is necessary.

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E. When is confronted with the necessity to

disclose, confidentiality should be preserved
as much as possible

20. Equitable access to essential medicine is a

major concern to pharmaceutical personnel that:
A. should participate in any scheme designated
to profit him or his partners/employer by
sacrificing the quality of medicines
B. Should not assist patients to make choice
about their own best interest
C. Should facilitate access of medicine to the
patient with showing personnel interest
D. Has professional obligation in ensuring
that the patient is provided the right, cost
effective and safe therapies
E.Beyond any reasonable doubt and for the well-
being of the patient may not establish repeat
medical services

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE

QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)

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INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of four (4) questions with five
(5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a
correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT
letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space
provided before each option
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct
response
 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be
awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated
marks for responses with small letters.

5. A drug, medical device or herbal shall be deemed

to be counterfeit if:
F.FALSE It is manufactured under name which
does not belong to another
drug
G. TRUE It is an imitation of or is a
substitute for another drugs, medical
device or herbal drug resembles another
drug.

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H. TRUE The label or container bear the

name of an individual or company
purporting to be a manufacture of the
drug.
I. FALSE It purports to be it is product of
manufacturer of whom it is truly
product.
J. TRUE It has been substituted wholly or in
part by another drug substance.

6. Medicine and cosmetic products shall be

considered as unfit when they are:
F.TRUE Damage, unexpired and improperly
stored
G. FALSE Counterfeit, standard and
adulterated
H. FALSE Improperly sealed and properly
labeled
I. TRUE Expired and unauthorized products
J. TRUE Prohibited and substandard
products

7. Concerning Pharmaceutical personnel - patient

relationship:
F.FALSE Should not be aware that individual
patients have a right, under

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data protection legislation and his/her

access his records
G. TRUE Must assist patients in their
expression of needs and value, and
should recognize their rights
H. TRUE Pharmaceutical personnel must
have a duty to tell the truth and to
act with conviction of conscience
I. FALSE Pharmaceutical personnel must involve
in discriminatory practices
and behavior
J. TRUE Pharmaceutical personnel
encourage shared responsibility for
adherence to medication regimens and
achieve desired drug
therapy outcomes
8. For the purpose of preserving confidentiality and
privacy of the patient - pharmaceutical personnel
must:
F.FALSE Provide pharmaceutical care services
without consideration for the
person privacy of patients
G. TRUE Ensure affirmative duties
exist to institute and maintain practice
that protects patient confidentiality

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H. FALSE Pharmacy care requires that other

health care personnel have no
access to or be provided with relevant
information.
I. TRUE Make sure where appropriate,
reveals to the patients the boundaries
of professional confidentiality
J. TRUE Ensure that electronic and manual
system which include patient
specific information, incorporates
access control system risk of
unauthorized access to data

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS

(10MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of two (2) questions matching
with five (5) options each.

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 Match the items from column B with those in

column A by writing the letter of the correct
response in the space provided on each option. USE
CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.
 Each item from column B is used only once.

PART ONE:
Match the explanations in column B with the most
appropriate term in column A
Column A: Ans Column B:
wer
1. Pharmacis E A: Means a person enrolled under
t section 34 as per Pharmacy Act
2. Intern B 2011, Cap 311
pharmacist B: Means any person registered as
3. Pharmacy D such under section 17 pharmacy
practice council Act 2011, Cap 311.
4. Profession G C: Means a council established
al under section 3 of Pharmacy
misconduc council Act 2011, Cap 311.
t D: Means any act pertaining to the
5. Breaches F scope of practice of a pharmacist,
pharmaceutical technician and
pharmaceutical assistant as

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approved by the council.

E: Means a person registered
under section 16 as per Pharmacy
Act 2011, Cap 311.
F: Means an act of disregarding
any obligation of code of ethics
and professional conduct.
G: Means any practice which is in
breach of the code of conduct,
prescribed under the Pharmacy
council Act 2011, Cap 311.

PART TWO:
Match the meanings in column B with the most
appropriate terms used as the consideration of medicine
and cosmetic product to be unfit in column A
S/No Column A: Answer Column B:
1 Adulterated G A: A product should not
2 Prohibited D be sold because of an
3 Counterfeit F expected decline in
4 Substandard C quality or effectiveness
5 Expired A after a certain date.
B: A product is
considerable to be no
longer to use but can give

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other institutions as
donor.
C: A product which is not
of nature or quality
demanded by the
purchaser.
D: Whenever the
authority considers if
necessary or desirable in
the public interest
E: No person shall deal in
any prohibited drugs
unless he holds a permit
issued by the authority
F: It is manufactured
under a name which
belongs to another drug.
G: Is product whose
composition has been
affected by the addition
there to.

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SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(40 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions.
 Write your answers in the space provided on each
question
 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS
NOT ALLOWED.

6. Define the following important terms used in code of

ethics: (6 marks)
(a) Pharmaceutical personnel
(b) Pharmaceutical technician
(c) Pharmaceutical assistant
(d) Professionalism
Answers:
a)Pharmaceutical Personnel – As per this code
of ethics and professional conduct means
registered pharmacist, enrolled pharmaceucal
technician, enlisted pharmaceutical assistant
and intern pharmacist.
b)Pharmaceutical Technician – Means a person
enrolled under section 24 as per Pharmacy
Act 2011, Cap 311.

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c) Pharmaceutical Assistant - Means a person

enlisted under section 28 of Pharmacy council
Act 2011, Cap 311.
d)Professionalism – Means active demonstration
of the following traits, knowledge and skills of
a profession, commitment to self –
improvement of skills and knowledge services
orientation, pride in the profession,
collaborative relationship with patient
creativity and innovation, conscience and
trustworthiness, accountability for his/her
work, ethically sound decision making and
leadership.

7. Mention Six (6) codes of ethics which

pharmaceutical personnel must adhere. (6 marks)
Answers:
i. Must have regard for human life
ii. Must honor and dignify the profession
iii. Should ensure availability of safe, efficacious
and quality medicines
iv. Should ensure access to essential medicines

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v. Should promote and ensure rational use of

medicines
vi. Should have good pharmaceutical personnel –
patient/client relationship
vii. Must ensure privacy and confidentiality
viii. Should be competent and have a lifelong
learning
ix. Should have good pharmaceutical personnel-
other health care providers’ relationship.
x. Must ensure well-being of the community.

8. Mention three (3) goals of health care system

(3 marks)
Answers:
i. To promote universal health care
ii. To ensure that people obtain the health
services they need without suffering financial
hardship when paying for them.
iii. To ensure good health for the citizens.

9. Mention procedures for application to dispose of

unfit medicines and cosmetic products.
(5
marks)
Answers:

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i. Request in writing to the Director General of

TFDA by using application for (Annex 11)
which is available at TFDA headquarters
officers, TFDA zone offices, Regional and
District medical officer’s offices and website:
ww.tfda.ac.tz
ii. A request shall be accompanied with a list of
product to be disposed of and should state
clearly trade name, generic name and
strength (where applicable) dosage form, pack
size, quantity, manufacturer, batch number
and market value of product.
iii. Once the request has been received by TFDA,
the Authority shall acknowledge and inform
the applicant through a letter to contact
Directorate of medicines and Cosmetics to
arrange or TFDA zone offices for verification
of the product.
iv. TFDA –HQ or TFDA zone
office/Regional/District medical officer’s
offices shall send inspectors to the premises to
verify and authenticate the information
submitted.

10. Prepare the format of the Register book of unfit

medicines and cosmetic products.

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(5
marks)

Answers:

S/ Name of Stren Dosa Pac Quan Batc Val

N product gth ge k tity h ue
(Trade where form Siz Num (TZ
name Appli e ber s)
Generic cable
Name)

11. (a) Define health care system.

(2 marks) Answer
Health care systems is a
system which consist of all organizations, people
and actions whose primary intent is to promote,
restore or maintain health
(b) Mention three (3) personnel in the Health
facilities that make the decision to initiate disposal of
unfit medicines and cosmetic. (3
marks) Answer:

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i. Owners
ii. Regional pharmacist
iii. District Pharmacist
iv. Pharmacist in-charge of retail pharmacy

12. List five (5) serious threats of improper disposal

of unfit medicines and cosmetics to public health as
stated in TFDA Act. 2003. (5
marks)
ANSWER:
 Contamination of drinking water
 Non-biodegradable antibiotics, antineoplastic
and disinfectant may kill bacteria necessary
for treatment of sewage.
 Burning medicines and cosmetics at low
temperature or in open containers release
toxic pollutants into the air which should
ideally be avoided.
 In efficient and insecure sorting and disposal
may allow medicines and cosmetics beyond
their expiry date to be diverted for resale to
the general public.
 Risk of diversion due to absence of suitable
disposal sites.

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13. Health care delivery system includes five levels,

List them. (5 marks)
Answer:
i. Dispensary
ii. Health center
iii. District
iv. Regional
v. Referral (National)

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SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS

(30 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of three (3) questions which
are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this
question paper; each question should start on a
new page.
 There will be a penalty of three(3) marks if
questions are not answered in essay form

4. Describe the referral system in health care delivery in

Tanzania form low level to high level:
Answers:
Candidate answer should focus in the following
hints:
Introduction
1.5 marks
 Referral system is an organization structure
for coordinating, linking and transferring
responsibility of care and may be done by
Generalist to a specialist, a specialist to a
specialist and one hospital to another.

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 Government’s referral system assumes a

pyramidal pattern of referral system
recommended by health Planners that is from
dispensary to consultant hospital.

Main body (7.5

marks)
The following are health facilities from low level
to highest level through which a referral system go
through;
 Dispensary: The dispensary services for 6,000
to 10,000 people and supervisors all the village
health points in its ward. This is the first level
where patients are attended to. If the patient
cannot be attended to at this level because of
the complexity of condition is then referred to
the next level which is a health centre.

 Health Centre services: A health centre is

expected to centre for 50,000 people which is
approximately the population of one
admiration division. This is the second level
where patients are attended to. If the patient
cannot be attended to at this level because of

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the complexity of the conditions then referred

to the next level which is district level.
 District hospitals: The district is very
important level in the provision of health
services in the country each district is
supposed to have a district hospital. For those
districts which donate have governments
normally negotiated with religious
organization to designate voluntary hospital
get subventions from the government to
contract terms. Patients are refereed to have
from health Centre and dispensaries present
the district.
 Regional hospitals: Every regional is
supposed to have a hospital. Regional
hospital officer similar services like those
agreed at districts levels, however regional
hospital level specialists in various fields and
addition services which are not provided at
district hospitals. Patients from districts are
referred to these hospitals for further
management.
 Referral/Consultant hospitals: This is the
highest level of hospital services in the
country presently there are four referred
hospitals in Tanzania namely The Muhimbili
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National Hospital which cater for the Eastern

Zone, Kilimanjaro Christians Medical Centre
(KCMC) which cater for the Northern Zone,
Bugando Hospital which cater for the
Western Zone and Mbeya Hospital which
serve the Southern Highlands.

Conclusion: summary of above discussion (0.5

marks)
Therefore health care system in Tanzania is a
good system which consists of all organizations,
people and actions whose primary intent is to
promote, restore or maintain health.
5. Describe five (5) types of irrational prescribing.
Answers:
Introduction:
(1.5marks)
Irrational prescribing means prescribing that
does not conform to good standard of
treatment e.g. extravagant prescribing, over
prescribing, incorrect prescribing, and
multiple prescribing or under prescribing

Main body:
(7.5marks)

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i. Extravagant prescribing: this occurs if

the drug is prescribed when
 A less expensive drug would provide
comparable efficacy and safety
 symptomatic treatment of mild
condition diverts funds from treating
serious illnesses, and
 a proprietary product is used where
less expensive generic equivalent is
available
ii. Over prescribing: this occurs if the drug
prescribed when;
 The drug is not needed
 The dose is too large
 The treatment period is too long
 The quantity dispensed is too great
for the current course of the
treatment
iii. Incorrect prescribing: occurs if the drug
prescribed when;
 The drug is given for an incorrect
diagnosis
 The wrong drug is selected for the
indication

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iv. Multiple prescribing: occurs if the drug

prescribed when;
 Too or more medications are used
where one or two would achieve
virtually the same effect
 Several related conditions are treated
where treatment of the primary
condition will improve or cure the
conditions
v. Under prescribing: occurs if the drug
prescribed when;
 Dosage is inadequate
 Length of treatment is too brief
 Needed medications are not
prescribed
Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Candidate should give summary of above
discussion

6. Explain the background of code of ethics.

Answers:
Introduction:
2.0marks

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The principles or codes are obligations which

form the basis for the provision of a consistent
high quality professional service which safe
guard and promote the well-being of the
community and maintains public confidence
in the profession.

Main body:
(7.5marks)
In background of code of ethics can say:
 A profession is distinguished by the wiliness of
individual practitioners to comply with ethical
and professional standard, which exceed
minimum legal requirements. The role of
pharmaceutical persons is developing and
recognized as the expert on medicines within
the overall health system. To ensure people
maintain good health, through responsible use
of medicines.
 To practice as pharmaceutical personnel
means under taking any role, whether
renumerated or not, in which an individual
use his professissional skills and knowledge.
Pharmaceutical practices are not restricted to
the provision of direct clinic care, but also

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include working a in a non-clinical

relationship with consumers, patient or care
takers in the discovery, development, and
manufacture of medicines, in maintaining the
supply chain or in procurement. Besides this,
pharmaceutical management or
administration, in education, research,
advisory, regulatory or policy development
roles are considered to be important role to
this cadre.
 The code of ethics will therefore apply to
pharmaceutical personnel in all pharmacy
practice setting. At all time, code should
strive to provide the best possible care for
consumers, patients and care takers with due
to regard for the limitations of available
resources and the principles of equity and
justice.
 These codes of ethics and profession conduct
for pharmaceutical personnel therefore intend
to reaffirm and state publicity the obligations
that form the basis of the roles and
responsibilities of pharmaceutical personnel.
These obligations, bases on established ethical
principles, are provided to enable and guide

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pharmaceutical l personnel in their daily

practice of the profession.

Conclusion:
Candidate should give summary of above
discussion (0.5 mark)

Therefore this code of ethics and profession

conduct was prescribed in order for the
pharmaceutical personnel to adhere the mission
and visio0jn of the pharmacy profession.

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MODULE
NAME:
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
PHARMACEU
TICAL  Read all instructions carefully.
INORGANIC  Write your examination number
CHEMISTRY and NACTE registration number on
each page you use.
 Attempt all questions. The responses should be written
in the spaces provided as instructed on each section.
 Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are
NOT allowed in the examination room
 Each essay question to be answered on not more than
2-3 hand written pages.
 No additional answer sheets will be provided
 Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
 This paper consists of five (5) sections

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ALLO SCO INITIA INITIA
SEC TYPES OF CATED RED L L
TIO QUESTIONS SIGNA SIGNA
N MARK MA TURE TURE
S RKS OF OF
MARK VERIF
ER IER
A MULTIPLE 10
CHOICE
B MULTIPLE 10
TRUE/FALS
E
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT 40
ANSWER
E ESSAY 30

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TOT 100
AL

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Encircle the letter of the most correct answer
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct
answer

21. One of the following is most correct about

chemical properties of Base:
A. It reacts with Ammonium salt to form
ammonia gas
B. It Improves solubility of drugs
C. It reacts with soap to form fat and glycerol
(saponification)
D. Bases feel slippery
E.Dilute solution of bases have bitter taste

22. Examples of strong bases:

A. NaOH and ZnSO4
B. Ca(OH)2 and HCl

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C. NaOH and KOH

D. KOH and NH3
E.NH3 and H2SO4

23. __________ is a proton acceptor:

A. Lewis base
B. Lewis acid
C. Atomic radius
D. Arrhenius base
E. Bronsted base

24. __________ formed when all the replaceable

hydrogen ions in the acid have been completely
replaced by metallic ions:
A. Acidic salt
B. Normal salt
C. Conjugated salt
D. Basic salt
E.Metallic salt

25. One of the following is NOT the use of salt in

pharmacy:
A. Act as systemic acidifiers
B. Used in a preparation of skin protective
C. Used in a preparation of irrigation solution
D. Used in management of hypertension

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E.Used in the preparation of expectorants

26. One of the following is the element found in

group three of periodic table:
A. Aluminum
B. Carbon
C. Lead
D. Nitrogen
E.Tri-basic Calcium

27. __________ used as an antidote to Cyanide

poisoning:
A. Nitrogen (1) Oxide
B. Sodium nitroprusside
C. Sodium Nitrile
D. Phosphoric acid NF
E.Nitric oxide (NO)

28. Measure of the ability of an atom to attract an

electron toward itself is called:
A. Periods
B. The diagonal relationship
C. Ionization energy
D. Atomic radius or size
E.Electronegativity

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29. Similarities between pairs of elements in

different groups and periods of the periodic table
is known as:
A. Period relationship
B. Diagonal relationship
C. Electronegativity
D. Ionization energy
E.Core charge

30. Salt forming groups are:

A. Group 2 elements
B. Group 4 elements
C. Group 6 elements
D. Alkaline metals
E. Halogen family

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE

QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of four (4) questions with five
(5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a
correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT

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letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space

provided before each option
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct
response
 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be
awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated
marks for responses with small letters.

9. The following are correct regarding physical

characteristics of group four elements:
K. FALSE Family have two valence of
electrons
L.TRUE Silicon is among the element found
in group 4
M. FALSE Lead do not react with water
N. FALSE Used in dusting powder
O. TRUE Carbon form covalent bond

10. Distinctive characteristic of Base:

K. TRUE Dilute solution of a base test
bitter
L.TRUE Base react with fat to form soap
and glycerol

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M. FALSE Base is a proton donor

N. TRUE Have pH of more than seven
O. FALSE Turn blue litmus red

11. Features of acidic salt:

K. FALSE Are neutral to litmus paper
L.TRUE Turn blue litmus red
M. TRUE Formed when replaceable H+
ions in acid are only partially
replaced by metal.
N. FALSE Formed by neutralization reaction
O. FALSE Contain hydroxide ion

12. The following is correct about pH:

K. FALSE +log10[+H]
L.FALSE Fraction of acid molecules
M. TRUE -log 10[H30+]
N. TRUE Can be determined by
colorimetry
O. FALSE Measure of relative acidity or
alkalinity of a solution

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SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS

(10MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of two (2) questions matching
with five (5) options each.
 Match the items from column B with those in
column A by writing the letter of the correct
response in the space provided on each option. USE
CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.
 Each item from column B is used only once.

PART ONE:
Match the group six elements in column B with the
most appropriate uses in column A
S/No Column A: Answer Column B:
1. Powerful D A: Zinc Sulphate
oxidizing B: Thallium
agent C: Anhydride of
2. Used as F sulphurous
scabicide D: Ozone (03)
3. Fungicidal G E: Magnesium
action Sulphate

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4. Management A F: Precipitated
of diarrhea Sulphur
5. Anti-oxidant C G: Elemental
Sulphur

PART TWO:
Match the item in column B with the most
appropriate pH property in column A
S/No Column A: Answe Column B:
r
9. pH scale D A: 7.4
10. Resistant to E B: 7.8
change in pH C: Zwitterion
11. Electrometric F D: Measure
methods the relative
12. Use of Buffer G acidity or
solution Alkalinity
13. Blood plasma A E: Features of
pH Buffer
solution
F:
Potentiometry
G: Improve
solubility of
drugs

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SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(40 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions.
 Write your answers in the space provided on each
question
 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS
NOT ALLOWED.

14. (a) Define the following terms

(3 marks)
i. Buffer solution
ii. Buffer capacity
(b) Mention two (2) uses of Buffer solution
(2 marks)
Answer:
(a) i. Buffer solution - refer to a solution that
changes pH only slightly when small amounts
of a strong acid or strong base is added.

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ii. Buffer capacity - is the ability to resist the

change in pH after addition of strong base or
strong acid e.g. HCl or NaOH.
(b) Two uses of Buffer solution

i. Maintain the pH of a medicinal agent at

an optimal value
ii. Improve solubility of drugs

15. Outline five (5) features of salts

(5 marks)

Answers:
i. Nearly all ionic compound of salt are
crystalline solids at room temperature
ii. Have better solubility and dissolution
rates
iii. Conduct electricity when molten or
dissolved in water
iv. Have an overall net charge
v. Have higher melting and Boiling points
compared to covalent compounds.

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vi. They are hard and brittle because ions

are arranged into unit cells which forms
layer.

16. List five (5) physical properties of bases.

(5 marks)
Answer;
i. Have a pH of more than 7
ii. Dilute solution of bases taste bitter
iii. Bases turn phenolphthalein pink and litmus
paper blue
iv. Aqueous solution of all alkalis contain
Hydroxyl ion (OH-)
v. Aqueous base solution conduct electricity
vi. Bases feel slippery e.g. soaps

17. Mention five (5) physical characteristics of

group eight elements. (5 marks)
Answers
i. This is the last column of the periodic table
ii. Colorless gases that are extremely unreactive
iii. Noble gases have a full valence shell
iv. Have highest ionization energy in their
respective periods
v. Atomic size of noble gases increases down
the group

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vi. Ionization energy decreases down the group

vii. Have very low melting and boiling points
viii. Have no tendency of accepting extra
electrons

18. Outline four (4) physical trends of the periodic

table (5 marks)
Answer
i) Core charge
ii) Atomic size or radius
iii) Ionization energy
iv) Electro negativity

19. Define the following terms

(5 marks)
i. Periodic law as stated by Dimitri Ivanovitch
Mendeleev.
ii. Atomic number
Answers:
(i) Periodic law – states that the properties
of the elements are periodic function of the
atomic weight.
(ii) Atomic number – Refers to the number
of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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20. (a) Short list three (3) categories and one

example for each category of salts (3 marks)
Answer
i. Normal salt e.g. NaCl, ZnSO4
ii. Acidic salt e.g. KHSO4
iii. Basic salt e.g. Zn(OH)Cl

(b) Define the term Arrhenius base

(2 marks)
Answer
Arrhenius base – Is a substance that produce
Hydroxyl ion (OH-) only as a negatively
charges ion e.g. NaOH. This applies only in
aqueous media (water).

21. (a) Thallium and Gadolium are group six

elements, which are called ________________
Answer: actinides:
(2 marks)
(b) Mention three (3) uses of group seven elements
in pharmacy:
Answer
i. Fluoride used in the preparation of
toothpastes
ii. Chlorine compound used as neutralizing
agent

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iii. Potassium iodide is essential for proper

thyroid functioning
iv. Iodine is used as antiseptic e.g. iodine
tincture
SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS
(30 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of three (3) questions which
are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this
question paper; each question should start on a
new page.
 There will be a penalty of three(3) marks if
questions are not answered in essay form

7. Explain why chemistry is important in pharmacy (at

least five (5) points).
Answers:
Introduction: (2
marks)
Chemistry - is branch of sciences which deals with
composition, structure, properties, preparation
and analysis of chemical compounds used in

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diagnosis and treatment.

Main body: (7.5

marks)
Importance of chemistry in pharmacy:
 Exploration of suitable sources of drugs.
Chemistry is involved in all process of the
discovery phase of drugs.
 Exploration of the chemicals and physical
properties of drugs e.g. stability and
efficacious product, solubility and pH of drug
molecules.
 Determination of storage condition
 Determination of packaging materials
 Choice of the appropriate route of
administration
 Study of the biopharmaceutical parameters
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
Conclusion:
(0.5 mark)
Candidate should give summary of above
discussion

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8. Discuss the uses of transition elements in pharmacy

(at least five (5) points)
Answers:
Introduction: (2
marks)
Transition elements – refers of elements in the
B families
Main body: (7.5
marks)
 Copper is an essential trace element and small
quantities enhance the physiological
utilization of iron
 Iron used in the transportation of oxygen by
Hemoglobin, also is useful in oxidative
enzymes of the body cells.
 Used in preparation of pharmaceuticals,
example Copper compound are used as
fungicides and insecticides.
 Silver sulfadiazine is used topically as a
germicide.
 Gold compound employed in the treatment of
lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis.
 Zinc is used in the treatment of various
external surfaces of the body and in wound
healing and various ophthalmic problems.

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 Potassium permanganate USP is used as local

anti-infective, astringent, powerful deodorant.
 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as a solar ray
protective.
 Used in scientific studies and research;
radioactive isotope have been employed in
mineral metabolism studies.
Conclusion: Summary of the above discussion
(0.5 mark)

9. Describe five (5) branches of pharmaceutical

chemistry.
ANSWER:
Introduction
(2 marks)
Pharmaceutical Chemistry - is the sciences which
deals with composition, structure, properties,
preparation and analysis of chemical compounds
used in diagnosis and treatment.
Main Body (7.5
marks)
i. Pharmaceutical organic chemistry i.e. studies
of all essential substances containing carbon.

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ii. Pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry i.e. study

of all element
iii. Analytical chemistry i.e. studies of the
composition of substances which involve
identifying, evaluating and comparing the
components of matters.
iv. Physical pharmacy i.e. studies of theory and
experiments that describe the behavior of
chemicals and energy involved.
v. Biochemistry i.e. studies of chemistry of living
organisms.

Conclusion: Summary of the above discussion

(0.5 mark)

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MODULE
NAME: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
BASIC  Read all instructions carefully.
PHARMAC  Write your examination number
OLOGY and NACTE registration number on
each page you use.
 Attempt all questions. The responses should be written
in the spaces provided as instructed on each section.
 Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are
NOT allowed in the examination room
 Each essay question to be answered on not more than
2-3 hand written pages.
 No additional answer sheets will be provided
 Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
 This paper consists of five (5) sections

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ALLO SCO INITIA INITIA
SEC TYPES OF CATED RED L L
TIO QUESTIONS SIGNA SIGNA

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N MARK MA TURE TURE

S RKS OF OF
MARK VERIF
ER IER
A MULTIPLE 10
CHOICE
B MULTIPLE 10
TRUE/FALS
E
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT 40
ANSWER
E ESSAY 30
TOT 100
AL

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(10 MARKS)

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INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Encircle the letter of the most correct answer
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct
answer

31. Which of the following medicine belongs to a

group of local anesthetics:
A. Thiopental
B. Bupivacaine
C. Halothane
D. Ketamine
E.Mupirocaine

32. Promethazine is a medicine which belongs to

---------------------- class;
A. Antidotes
B. Muscle relaxant
C. Anesthetics
D. Anti-allergic
E.Anti-epileptic

33. ------------------ are medicines that are helpful

in the prevention of various diseases:
A. Vaccines

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B. Anti-infective agents
C. Immunoglobulins
D. Immunosuppressants
E.Anti-allergics

34. The aminoglycosides are contraindicated in:

A. Patients with GIT disturbance
B. People with sickle cell
C. Patients with pregnancy
D. Patients with HIV/AIDS
E.People with mental disturbance

35. One of the following is a side effect of local

anesthetics:
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. CNS effects
C. Renal impairment
D. Hypertension
E.GIT disturbance

36. Chlorpheniramine maleate should be avoided

in:
A. Hypersensitivity
B. Muscle spasms
C. Hypertension

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D. Vomiting
E. Acute porphyria

37. Amoebiasis drugs should NOT be given to

patients:
A. Taking anti-diarrhea drugs
B. Taking or who have taken alcohol
C. With severe heart attacks
D. With liver abscess
E.With TB disease

38. The following is a contraindication of

Rifampicin:
A. Myasthenia gravis
B. Optic neuritis
C. Persistent nausea
D. Jaundice
E.Depression

39. Supplementation may be required when

taking lipid –lowering drugs, as they interfere
with the absorption of:
A. Ferrous sulphate
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamins A, D and K
D. Calcium

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E.Vitamins B and C

40. Aluminium compounds antacids can form

insoluble complexes, that are not absorbed with
the following drugs:
A. Cloxacillin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Tetracycline
E.Erythromycin

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE

QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of four (4) questions with five
(5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a
correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT
letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space
provided before each option
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct
response

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 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be

awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated
marks for responses with small letters.

13. These are the side effects of over dosage of

cholinesterase inhibitors:
P.FALSE Nausea
Q. FALSE Diarrhea
R. TRUE Increased bronchial secretions
S.FALSE Increased salivation
T.TRUE Excessive sweating

14. Aspirin is contraindicated in the following:

P.TRUE Patients with haemophilia
Q. FALSE Patients with severe heart failure
R. TRUE Patients with peptic ulceration
S.FALSE Patients with severe heart burn
T.TRUE Children under 16 years

15. These are adverse effects of analgesics:

P.TRUE Haematuria
Q. FALSE Heart damage
R. FALSE Vitiligo
S.TRUE Vertigo

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T.TRUE Gastro-intestinal ulceration

16. Local reactions that may be caused by

vaccines injection are:
A. FALSE Hepatotoxicity
B. TRUE Gastro-intestinal disturbance
C. FALSE Hypotension
D. TRUE Redness
E.TRUE Loss of appetite

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS

(10MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of two (2) questions matching
with five (5) options each.
 Match the items from column B with those in
column A by writing the letter of the correct

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response in the space provided on each option. USE

CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.
 Each item from column B is used only once.

PART ONE
Match the contraindications in column B with the
most appropriate Anti-Tb drugs in column A
S/No Column A: Answer Column B:
1. Ethambutol E A: Severe heart
2. Pyrazinamide H attacks
B: Epilepsy,
3. Isoniazid G severe anxiety
4. Streptomycin D and depression
5. Cycloserine B C: Renal
impairment
D: Myasthenia
gravis
E: Optic neuritis
and poor vision
F: Jaundice
G: Drug –
induced liver
disease

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H: Hepatic
disorders

PART TWO
Match the examples of medicines in column B with
the most appropriate therapeutic classes of essential
drugs in column A
S/No Column A: Answe Column B:
r
1. Anti C A: Benzhexol
neoplastic B: Ketamine
drug C:
2. Anti allergy F Cyclophosphamide
drug D: Magnesium
salts
3. Anti A E: Protamine
parkinsonism sulphate
drug F: Dexamethasone
4. Antidote D G: Glycerol nitrate
5. Anaesthetic B H: Diazepam
drug

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SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

(40 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions.
 Write your answers in the space provided on each
question
 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS
NOT ALLOWED.

1. List five (5) antifungal drugs that have no important

interactions (5marks)
Answer:

i. Clotrimazole
ii. Miconazole
iii. Fluconazole
iv. Nystatin
v. Gynazole

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2. Outline four (4) interactions of Griseofulvin

(5marks)
Answer:
i. enhance effect of alcohol
ii. reduces effect of anticoagulant
iii. its absorptions is reduced by
phenobarbitone
iv. accelerates metabolism of oral
contraceptives

3. Give three (3) main side effects of ferrous sulphate

(3marks)
Answer:
i. gastro-intestinal irritation

ii. nausea and epigastric pain with higher dose

iii. modified release preparations, can

exacerbate diarrhea

4. Mention six (6) classes of anti hypertensive groups

with one example each (6marks)
Answers:
 Thiazide diuretics eg. Bendrofluazid,
Hydrochlorothiazide
 Loop diuretics eg. Frusemide.
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 Potassium sparing diuretics eg. Spironolacton

 Central adrenergic inhibitors
 Beta blockers eg. Atenolol,Metaprolol
 ACE inhibitors eg. Captopril, lisinopril,
enalapril
 Angiotensin II Receptor Agonist
 Calcium channel blockers eg. Nifedipin
 Direct vasodilators
 Alpha and beta blocker eg.

5. List five (5) common side effects of anti-hermorhoid

drug (5 marks) Answer:
i. Burning
ii. Itching
iii. Dryness
iv. Skin/hair follicle irritation
v. Change in skin color around rectal area

6. Mention six (6) side effects expressed as local

reactions following injection of a vaccine
(6marks
)
Answer:
 Pain

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 Inflammation
 Redness
 Lymphangitis
 Abscess at injection site
 GIT disturbance
 Fever
 Headache
 Irritability
 Loss of appetite
 Fatigue
 Myalgia
 Malaise

7. a) Give the dose, dosage and course of folic acid in

pregnant women (1marks)
Answer:
Dose, dosage and course of folic acid in
pregnant women:
 5mg daily for up to 4 months
b)Give dose, dosage and course of two anti-
hermorhoid drug of your choice (4marks)
Answer:
i. Anusol suppository inserted at night only
or/and morning for a maximum of 7 days
OR

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ii. Proctosedyl suppository ointment once or

twice a day OR
iii. Bismuth subgallate with 1% hydrocortisone
ointment used once or twice a day.

8. a) Define antihypertensive
(1mark)
Answer:
Definition of antihypertensive
 Class of drugs at are used to treat
hypertension (high blood pressure)
b) Define the following terms
(4marks) i. Pharmacokinetics
ii.
Pharmacodynamics
Answer:
i. What the body does to the drug
ii. What is the drug does to the
body

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS

(30 MARKS)

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INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of three (3) questions which
are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this
question paper; each question should start on a
new page.
 There will be a penalty of three(3) marks if
questions are not answered in essay form

1. Describe the contraindications of insulin and five (5)

ant diabetic agents
Answers:
Introduction:
(2 marks)
 There are various types of insulin given to
diabetes patients depending on their
conditions. These are short acting and
long acting insulin.
 .Example of antidiabetic agents are
Chlopropamide, Glibendamide, Glidazide
and Metformin.

Main body: (7.5

marks)

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 Insulin is contraindicated in persons who

have hypersensitivity to any ingredient of
the products and episode of hypoglycemia
 Chlopropamide is contraindicated in
pregnancy, heart disease, liver problems,
law blood sugar, and haemolytic anaemia.
 Glibendamide: is contraindicated in
diabetic emergency i.e. ketoacidosis and
coma, also in advanced hepatic or renal
infucciencys, pregnancy and nursing
period.
 Glidazide is contraindicated in pregnancy,
lactation hypernmsitivity, renal
impairment, juvenile onset diabetes,
diabetic, ketoacidosis and unusable
diabetes.
 Tolbutamide is contraindicated to patients
with known hypersensitivity or allergy to
the drug, diabetic ketoacidosis with or
without coma.
 Metformin is contraindicated in any
patient with any condition that could
increase the risk of lactic acidosis,
including kidney disorders, lung and liver
diseases.

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Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Summary of the above

2. Describe the Artemether and lumefantrine drugs

based on the dose, dosage and course of treatment in
patient with 35kg weight and above.

Answers:
Introduction: (1.5
marks)
 Artemether belongs to artemisinin,
playing an important role in treatment of
multi drug resistant P. falciparum
malaria.
 Lumefantrine is related to halofantrine; is
available as a fixed – dose combination
with artemether.

Main body: (8 marks)

i. 1 tablet contains Artemether 20mg and
Lumefantrine 120mg and patients from

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35kg weight above take 4 tablets as a

dose.
ii. The first dose should be given as Direct
Observed Therapy (DOT)
iii. The second dose should strictly be given
after 8 hours
iv. Subsequent doses could be given twice
daily (Morning to evening) until
completion of 6 doses OR 24hours from
the first dose then, twelve hourly for two
days.
Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Any conclusion related to the subject above

3. Describe Bioavailability and five ways into which

medicines are excreted from the body.
ANSWER:
Introduction:
(2marks)
Bioavailability: Refers to the rate and extent
of absorption of a drug from a dosage form as
determined by its concentration in the blood
or by its excretion in urine.

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Main Body:
(7.5marks)
 Feaces through anus
 Exhaled air through nose
 Milk through breast
 Saliva through mouth
 Sweat through skin
 Urine through kidney
Conclusion:
(0.5marks)
Summary of the above

MODULE GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

NAME:  Read all instructions carefully.
MEDICAL  Write your examination number
and NACTE registration number on
STORES
each page you use.
KEEPING

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 Attempt all questions. The responses should be written

in the spaces provided as instructed on each section.
 Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are
NOT allowed in the examination room
 Each essay question to be answered on not more than
2-3 hand written pages.
 No additional answer sheets will be provided
 Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks
 This paper consists of five (5) sections

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ALLO SCO INITIA INITIA
SEC TYPES OF CATED RED L L
TIO QUESTIONS SIGNA SIGNA
N MARK MA TURE TURE
S RKS OF OF
MARK VERIF
ER IER
A MULTIPLE 10
CHOICE
B MULTIPLE 10
TRUE/FALS

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E
C MATCHING 10
ITEMS
D SHORT 40
ANSWER
E ESSAY 30
TOT 100
AL

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of ten (10) questions
 Encircle the letter of the most correct answer
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct
answer

41. Documentation in storage of medicines and

medical supplies includes:
A. keeping records of medicines and
medical supplies in the store

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B. keeping records of LCD projectors and

computers in the store
C. keeping records of laboratory equipment
and instruments
D. keeping records of ledgers and Bin cards in
the store only
E.keeping records of dispensed medicines and
medical supplies only

42. The following are examples of medicines and

medical supplies record tools, EXCEPT:
A. Receipt vouches and requisition vouchers
B. Bin cards and issue vouchers
C. Standard operating procedures and
invoices
D. Ledger cards, issue receipt
E.Ledgers and ledger books

43. Which of the following is a feature of

medicines and medical supplies records;
A. Must contain medicines and medical
supplies which are out of stock
B. Must contain quantity of medicine and
medical supplies
C. Must contain broken medicine and medical
supplies

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D. Must contain storekeepers qualification

E.Must contain services delivery point

44. One of the following is important information

concerning records of medicines and medical
supplies;
A. What items and how much should be
recorded
B. What should be ordered from supplies
C. What are preparation procedures of stores
D. What is packaging procedures of medical
supplies
E.What is disposal procedures of medicines

45. An issue voucher is:

A. A document to store medicines and medical
supplies
B. A document to compound medicines and
medical supplies
C. A document to dispose medicines and
medical supplies
D. A document used to issue items to another
department
E.A document used to change items from another
departments

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46. Documentation on issue voucher includes all

of the following EXCEPT:
A. Date of issue, quantity issued and item
requested
B. Department ordered and signature of the
ordering officer
C. Signature of receiving officer and issuing
officer
D. Department receiving and signature of
issuing officer
E.Expiry date, manufacturing date, date of
departure

47. Important documents in distribution of

medicines and medical supplies include:
A. Issue note and batch number of issued items
B. Issue vouchers and payment vouchers
C. Requisition forms and issue vouchers
D. Standard operating procedure and issue
vouchers
E.Goods received note and payment vouchers

48. One of the following is INCORRECT about

proper storage of medicines and medical supplies:
A. To avoid contamination
B. To avoid integrity of packaging

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C. To prevent pilferage and theft

D. To avoid deterioration of labels
E.To avoid mixing-up of the stored items

49. ---------- is safekeeping of medicine and

medical supplies to avoid spoilage and losses
A. Management
B. Inventory
C. Storage
D. Recording
E.Stock control

50. Regarding premises requirement suitable for

storage of medicines and medical supplies is:
A. Average air
B. Narrow doors
C. Cold storage
D. Single ceiling
E.Flat roof

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE

QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:

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 This section consists of four (4) questions with five

(5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE” and NOT letter ‘T’ for a
correct statement and the word “FALSE” NOT
letter ‘F’ for incorrect statement in the space
provided before each option
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct
response
 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be
awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated
marks for responses with small letters.

17. Factors which affect the quality of stored

medicine and medical supplies;
U. FALSE Color of the storage room
V. TRUE Heat
W. TRUE Pests and rodents
X. FALSE Solubility
Y. TRUE Light

18. Poor storage conditions of medicine and

medical supplies may lead to;

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U. FALSE Freezing of liquid medicine in cool

areas
V. TRUE Growth of fungus and molds in
moist areas
W. FALSE Structure of containers storing the
products
X. TRUE Strong light will damage many
products
Y. TRUE Decomposition of chemicals in
hot areas

19. Ways which avoid deterioration of

medicines and medical supplies include;
P.TRUE Maintain a refrigerator temperature
2-8oC using a
thermometer
Q. TRUE Use a dehumidifier for
preventing moisture damage
R. FALSE Store the goods in the floor
S.FALSE Keep liquid medicine in plain glass
bottles
T.TRUE Make your store out of reach of
direct sunlight

20. Regarding zoning of stock within the

store:

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A. TRUE Storage of medicines and

medical supplies depends on
manufacturer’s instructions
B. TRUE Medicines and medical
supplies should be stored in a zone
part of store with correct temperature
C. FALSE Each storage zone should have at
least two thermometers
D. FALSE Examples of drugs which require
refrigeration include
insulin and adrenaline injections
E.TRUE Many stocks can be safely stored
under uncontrolled room
temperature
SECTION C: MATCHING ITEMS QUESTIONS
(10MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of two (2) questions matching
with five (5) options each.
 Match the items from column B with those in
column A by writing the letter of the correct
response in the space provided on each option. USE
CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.

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 Each item from column B is used only once.

PART ONE
Match signs of damage in column B with the most
appropriate medicine in column A in the space
provided.
S/N Column A: Answer Column B:
1. Compressed B A: Holes or
tablets marks
2. Ointments E B: Swollen,
3. Adrenaline G crumpled and
injection damp
4. Medicine A C: Moulds or
containers fungus growing
5. Chemicals D D:
Decomposition
E: Melted
F: Frozen
G: Changes to
brown color
H: Broken

PART TWO
Match stock terms in column B with the most
appropriate meaning of terms in column A in the
space provided

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S Column A: An Column B:
/ sw
N er
1 The stock on hand at any F A: FEFO
given time B: FIFO
2 A stock used during lead C C: Buffer
time stock/Safety
3 The time interval E stock
between when new stock D: Re-order
is ordered and when it is level
received and available E: Lead time
for use F: Inventory
4 First expiry first out A G: Push
5 Is the level of stock when D (allocation)
you place an order system
H: Receipt
voucher

Answer: SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER

QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions.

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 Write your answers in the space provided on each

question
 Write a readable handwrite; DIRTY WORK IS
NOT ALLOWED.

1)Outline two (2) documents used in recording

medicines and medical supplies
(5marks)

a)Issue voucher: used where the issuing facility

determines the quantity to be sent to the
receipt facility (receiving facility)
b)Receipt voucher: is documents which shows
the items and quantities issued
c) Bin cards: is an individual stock keeping
records (dealing with single products)
d)Stores ledger: is the stock keeping records
forms containing information about products
e) Requisition form: is the document which
shows items and quantities ordered by a
facility

2)Short list five (5) criteria which should be taken

under consideration during inspection and physical
inventory which renders the product unserviceable

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(5marks)
Answer:
i. Expired products
ii. Damaged products
iii. Contaminated items
iv. Items instituted for recall
v. Un repairable or obsolete medical
equipment
vi. Prohibited products

3)Outline four (4) indicators of poor storage

management of medicine and medical supplies.
(5marks)
Answer:
i. Heat - leads to chemical decomposition
ii. Temperature – Temperature may cause some
compounds to melt e.g. ointments and become
useless
iii. Moisture – can cause tablets to crumble
iv. Light – strong light will damage many types
of medicines
v. Microbial – contamination may contaminate
medicine and ingredients and cause infection
vi. Air – Chemicals in drugs can slowly react
with oxygen in the air

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vii. Humidity – too high humidity may cause

growth of fungus and would in the stored
medicines.
viii. Cold – in very cold conditions liquid
medicines may freeze. Some vaccines, if
frozen should not be used.
ix. Rats and mice – Can chew through containers
made of most materials around the contents
to become contaminated.
4) Mention the five (5) criteria for storage zones
selection (5marks)
Answer
i. Required storage temperature and humidity
ii. Size of the products
iii. Volume of the batch
iv. Weight of the batch
v. Requirement for special storage equipment
vi. Dangers posed by products
vii. Required level of security
viii. Requirement of national legislation

21. (a) Define the term inventory

(2marks) Answer: Inventory is the
stock on hand at any given time

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(b) List three groups of drugs that require special

storage condition (3marks)
Answer:
i. Controlled drugs
ii. Vaccines
iii. Test kits
iv. Insulin
v. Biologicals

22. a) Define stock on hand

(2marks)
Answer:
Quantity of usable stock available at all time level
of the system

b) List three (3) aspects to consider in planning to

order new stocks. (3marks) Answer:
i. What to order
ii. How much to order
iii. When to order

23. Mention five (5) guidelines of storage and

stock rotation for expired and obsolete products
(5marks)
Answer:

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i. Record of expiry and receipt date

ii. Large and Small quantity involvement
iii. Picking of stock:
iv. FEFO
v. FIFO
24. a). List two (2) conditions that require, every
product be placed in a zone.
(5marks)
Answer:
i. As per manufacturer’s instructions
ii. As indicated on the packaging
iii. As according to the requirements by the
National laws
b) List three (3) types of locating medicine in the
stores
Answer:
i. Fixed Location
ii. Fluid location
iii. Semi Fluid location

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS

(30 MARKS)
INSTRUCTIONS:

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 This section consists of three (3) questions which

are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this
question paper; each question should start on a
new page.
 There will be a penalty of three(3) marks if
questions are not answered in essay form

10. Describe the process of stock taking and

reconciliation of medicines and medical supplies;
Answer:
Introduction: (2
marks)
Stock taking is a process of counting
physically all the items in the store i.e.
medicine and medical supplies.

Main body: (7.5

marks)
 Physical count;
The storekeeper makes a physical count of the
stock, and makes an entry on the cards. The
stock check can be done on the routine basic
for all the stock (e.g. once a month)

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- It is better of the stock count is done

without looking at any other stock
information and then any difference can be
investigated later.

 Theoretical balance;
To calculate the theoretical balance which
should be present, the formula used is:
Theoretical balance = opening balance – stock
issued + stock received

If stock count and theoretical balance agree,

then stock is said to be reconciled.
If stock count and theoretical balance do not
agree the stock is not reconciled.

 When the stock is not reconciled: that is when

there is a difference between the stock count
and the theoretical balance, it is vital to
investigate the reasons for the difference.
There may be a simple explanation
(accidental breakage), but it may be that,
there is some theft or pilferage occurring, and
if this is so, then random and un-announced
spot check on the stock balance should be
made.
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Conclusion: (0.5
mark)
Candidate should give summary of the
discussion above

11. Describe eight (8) requirements of premises for

storage of medicines and medical supplies
Answer:
Introduction:
(1.5marks)
Storage is the safe keeping of medicines and
medical supplies to avoid spoilage and losses.
Or can define
premise……………………………..

Main body: (8
marks)
Requirements include:
 Capacity/space: storage facilities must have
the capacity for both storage and handling.
 Cold storage: in larger facilities it is more
efficient to use cold rooms rather numerous
refrigerators or freezers (which generate
heat).

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 Secure storage: all medical stores should have

a secure storage area for product that is likely
to be stolen or abused.
 Ventilation: The location designed should
ensure maximum air circulation to avoid
concentration of fumes or gases and to
prevent condensation of moisture on products
or walls.
 Roof: Design a slanting roof to allow water
runoff.
 Ceiling: Install a double ceiling to provide
isolation and ensure that supplies are kept
cool.
 Walls and floor: The walls and floors should
be permanent and smooth for easy cleaning.
 Doors: Plan doors wide enough to allow for
the free and easy movement of supplies and
handling equipment.
 Lighting: Plan the store room with as much
natural light (sunlight) in the day as possible
to avoid the use of fluorescent or incandescent
bulb lighting.
 Windows: Plan windows that are high and
wide to allow adequate ventilation.

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 Cupboards: Provide cupboards for the storage

of specific products that must be kept free
from dust or dirt.
 First aid: Keep well stocked first aid kits to
treat employees or visitors who are injured in
your facility.
 Shelves: Arrange shelves and racks in lines
with a passage way not less than 90cm wide.

Conclusion: (0.5 mark)

Candidate should give summary of the
discussion above

12. Outline the procedures of issuing of medicines

and medical supplies
Answers:
Introduction:
(1.5mrks)
Issuing is the process of supplying or giving
medicines and medical supplies to client or
requesting officer

Main Body:
(8marks)
i. Requisition officer has to identify
requirement of needed supplies
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ii. Requisition has to be clearly written on

standard requisition form
iii. On reaching the store, the requisition has to
be examined by store keeper and any
necessary change made and initiated
iv. Storekeeper should issue the supplies
accordingly
v. The assemble order has to be check by the
storekeeper
vi. All records should be documented on bin
card and ledger book with all necessary
details completed on the same date.
vii. Types, names and quantity of required
items, signature of receiving and issuing
officer and the date should appear on the
issue voucher
viii. Storekeeper has to ensure proper handling
of the supplies to requisition officer
Conclusion:
(0.5marks)
Summary of the above discussion

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