Earth Science Grade: 9

Academic Support Program

Chapter 4 Homework
Student Name: ............................................
Abdulrahman Ahmed Elhuisseny Class: ……… 9B

Science Teacher Science Supervisor

Mr. Mahrous Moussa Mr.Ahmed Elhussiney ‎

2023/2024
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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Key Concept How are rocks classified?
Directions: On the line before each description, write the letter of the type of rock that matches it correctly.

C 1. has parallel bands of dark and light mineral A. igneous rock

grains B. sedimentary rock
C. metamorphic rock
B 2. forms when sediment is compressed

C 3. has foliation

A 4. contains low-density minerals such as quartz

A 5. contains high-density minerals such as olivine

B 6. forms from the layering of eroded rock

C 7. Gneiss is an example.

B 8. Limestone is an example.
A 9. formed from magma

B 10. results from cementation of sediment

A 11. forms when molten rock cools and crystallizes

C 12. what preexisting rock becomes

B 13. forms from dissolved minerals that crystallize

between grains

C 14. Marble is an example.

A 15. forms from lava

B 16. forms when sediment is transported and then

compressed

B 17. shows a pattern of layering

A 18. forms when tiny crystals in magma form

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 1

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Key Concept What is the rock cycle?

Sediments Deposition,
compaction,
cementation

Weathering Sedimentary
and erosion rock

Uplift Heat and

Uplift pressure
Uplift

Igneous Heat and Metamorphic

rock pressure
rock

Cooling and Melting

crystallization

Magma

Directions: Use the diagram to complete each statement.

1. When temperature and pressure are applied to sedimentary and igneous rock,

they become a metamorphic rock .

2. When magma cools and crystallizes, it becomes an igneous rock .

3. When sediment is deposited and compacted, it becomes a sedimentary rock

4. When metamorphic rocks are uplifted, they undergo weathering and erosion

5. When metamorphic rock melts, it becomes magma .

6. Rocks become sediments by the processes of weathering and erosion .

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1

Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each
term is used only once.

E 1. small pieces of rock material A. grain

C 2. molten or liquid rock material that is deep B. lava
beneath Earth’s surface C. magma
A 3. any type of particle in a rock D. rock
D 4. a natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains E. sediment
B 5. molten rock that erupts onto Earth’s surface

True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

F 6. Geologists classify rocks based on how they form.

F 7. Igneous rocks form as the result of erosion, deposition, compaction, and
cementation.

T 8. Sedimentary rocks can form when water evaporates and minerals crystallize.
F 9. Compaction takes place when existing rocks are changed by extreme
temperature, pressure, or fluids.
F 10. Each rock type can follow only one pathway of the rock cycle.

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Content Practice A LESSON 2

Igneous Rocks
Directions: Complete this chart by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct spaces.
Each term is used only once.

basalt diorite gabbro granite higher large

lower molten magma pumice rhyolite small volcanic glass

Texture Texture
5. contain 11. contain

large small ,
minerals interlocking crystals

Examples of Intrusive Examples of Extrusive

Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks

2. granite 7. rhyolite
Igneous Rocks
1. made from
8. volcanic glass
3. diorite molten magma
9. basalt
4. gabbro
10. pumice

Chemical Composition Chemical Composition

6. have 12. have
higher lower
amounts of silica amounts of silica

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 2

Igneous Rocks
Key Concept What are the common types of igneous rocks?
Directions: Put a check mark in the space that identifies the correct type of igneous rock.

Facts Used to Classify Igneous Rock Intrusive Rock Extrusive Rock

1. The crystals in the rock are small or impossible to see

with the unaided eye.

2. The rock has a high amount of silica.

3. The rock appears to be fine-grained.

4. The rock shows an interlocking texture of crystals.

5. There might be some quartz present in the rock.

6. The rock is darker in color.

7. The escape of gas and rapid cooling leave holes in

some rocks.

8. The rock has a low amount of silica.

9. The rock has a rough texture and has holes in it.

10. The rock appears to be coarse-grained.

11. The texture of the rock is smooth like glass.

12. The rock is light in color.

13. The rock is rich in silica.

14. There are no apparent crystals.

15. There are well-defined crystals.

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 2

Igneous Rocks
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.
C 1. does NOT affect the type of igneous rock that forms.
A. The composition of magma
B. The rate at which magma cools
C. The size of the erupting volcano
B 2. rocks form when lava cools on Earth’s surface.
A. Intrusive
B. Extrusive
C. Coarse-grained
C 3. Which igneous rock has no visible crystals?
A. gabbro
B. granite
C. obsidian
A 4. Why does pumice, an igneous rock, have holes?
A. It forms from gas-rich lava.
B. It forms deep beneath Earth’s surface.
C. It forms from magma that is rich in silica.

C 5. Intrusive igneous rocks are made of

A. small particles of ash.
B. mostly volcanic glass.
C. large, interlocking crystals.

C 6. Which term does NOT describe the texture of an extrusive igneous rock?
A. layered
B. fine-grained
C. coarse-grained

C 7. In addition to texture, which factor is also used to classify igneous rocks?

A. overall color
B. pressure and temperature
C. the type of cement between the grains

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Lesson Quiz B LESSON 2

Igneous Rocks
Completion
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence.
Some terms may be used more than once or not at all.

color composition cooling extrusive granite intrusive

large lava magma obsidian pumice quickly
slowly texture

1. When gas-rich lava erupts from a volcano, it can form a rock with numerous holes,
such as pumice .
2. Obsidian is a rock with a glassy texture that forms when lava cools
quickly on Earth’s surface.

3. Intrusive igneous rocks have large crystals.

4. Rapid cooling gives extrusive igneous rocks a fine-grained texture.

5. Intrusive igneous rocks such as granite form due to

slow cooling deep beneath Earth’s surface.

6. When minerals are hard to identify, geologists can use texture to

determine the rock’s composition.

7. The type of igneous rock that forms depends on the magma composition ,
where the lava or magma cools and crystallizes, and the cooling
rate.

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Content Vocabulary LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Directions: Each of the sentences below is false. Make the sentence true by replacing the underlined word(s)
with a term from the list below. Write your changes on the lines provided.

biochemical rock cementation chemical rock

clast clastic rock compaction

1. Sediment deposits adhere as a result of chemical rock.

2. A chemical rock is a sedimentary rock made of clasts

of minerals or rock fragments.

3. Coal is a type of clastic rock.

4. As layers of sediment build up, clast squeezes out liquids

and decreases the space between sediment grains.

5. A mineral is a broken piece or fragment of rock.

6. A biochemical rock, such as rock salt, is made of minerals

that crystallize directly from water.

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Content Practice A LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each
term is used only once.

animals biochemical cementation chemical clastic clasts

compaction crystallization sediment shape size

1. The three types of sedimentary rock are ,

, and .

2. The processes of and form

sedimentary rock.

3. Chemical rocks form from the of minerals from water.

4. Biochemical rocks form when the hard parts of compact

and cement together.

5. Clastic rocks form from broken pieces of rock called .

6. Clastic rocks are classified by their

and .

7. You might see large chunks of in clastic rocks.

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Key Concept How do sedimentary rocks form?

Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question.

1. Which process has occurred between diagrams A and B?

2. Which process has occurred between diagrams B and C?
3. How do sedimentary rocks form? Use the processes above in your answer.

Directions: Answer each question in the space provided.

Cause Effect
What effect do water and air 4.
have on rock?

What happens when rock is 5.

physically or chemically
changed?

What happens when water 6.

travels through rock?

What happens to rock 7.

fragments that are carried to
new locations by water,
glaciers, or wind?

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Key Concept What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
Directions: On the line before each description, write the letter of the type of rock that matches it correctly.

A. clastic rock B. chemical rock C. biochemical rock

1. made from broken pieces called clasts

2. made from minerals that crystallize directly from water

3. begins with dissolved minerals entering the ocean

4. was formed by or contains the remains of organisms

5. Chert is an example of this type of rock.

6. Breccia is an example of this type of rock.

7. begins with water flowing through cracks or empty spaces on rock

8. forms from animal hard parts that compact

9. Rock salt is an example of this type of rock.

10. becomes rounded as they are transported

11. classified by size and shape

12. starts with silicon and oxygen combining

13. Conglomerate is an example of this type of rock.

14. Coal is an example of this type of rock.

15. Force and an erosional element determined its size and shape.

16. Rock gypsum is an example of this type of rock.

17. Its name in Latin means “a wearing away.”

18. can be made up of large sediment pieces

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each
term is used only once.

1. rocks made of broken rocks and minerals A. biochemical

2. rocks that form when minerals crystallize B. cementation
from water C. chemical
3. process that squeezes sediment together D. compaction
4. rocks made from the remains of organisms E. clasts
5. process that binds sediment together F. clastic
6. pieces of rocks and minerals in a sedimentary
rock

Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.

7. is NOT a clastic sedimentary rock.

A. Sandstone
B. Rock gypsum
C. Conglomerate
8. Chemical sedimentary rocks often have a(n) texture.
A. grainy and gritty
B. smooth and glassy
C. interlocking crystalline
9. is a biochemical sedimentary rock.
A. Sandstone
B. Limestone
C. Conglomerate
10. What do rounded clasts indicate?
A. The rock is biochemical.
B. The rock is not well cemented.
C. The rock was moved by flowing water.

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Lesson Quiz B LESSON 3

Sedimentary Rocks
Short Answer
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.

1. Define clasts.

2. Explain what clasts can tell you about a sedimentary rock.

3. Identify the three types of sedimentary rocks and define each.

4. Compare and contrast cementation and compaction.

5. Classify the sedimentary rock conglomerate. What type of sedimentary rock is it?

6. Describe the texture of a chemical sedimentary rock.

7. Classify each of the following sedimentary rocks: rock salt, fossiliferous limestone,
sandstone.

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Content Practice B LESSON 4

Metamorphic Rocks
Directions: Answer each question in the space provided.

Question Answer
Which type of metamorphic rock has a random
grain texture? 1.

Which type of metamorphism results in rocks that

2.
are hundreds of square kilometers in size?

What stays the same in metamorphic rock

3.
although mineral composition might change?

In which type of metamorphism does magma

4.
come into contact with existing rock?

Which two changes in rock give an indication that

5.
the rock has undergone metamorphism?

What increases with depth in Earth’s crust and

6.
mantle?

What affects the temperatures required to

7.
metamorphose rock?

What is the term for the process that causes a

8.
permanent change in shape by bending and
folding?
Which type of metamorphism can create an entire
9.
mountain range?

Which type of metamorphism can cause a rock to

10.
change by increasing the crystal size or form a
completely different mineral?
How can materials contained in the parallel layers
11.
of foliated rocks be described?

What do geologists study to determine the

12.
pressure and temperature at which metamorphic
rock formed?
What is the classification of metamorphic rocks
13.
based on?

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Key Concept Builder LESSON 4

Metamorphic Rocks
Key Concept How do metamorphic rocks form?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1. Rock can bend without melting.

2. The term plastic formation describes the ability of rock to bend and fold.

3. Pressure increases with depth in Earth’s crust and mantle.

4. . The density of rock at a particular depth also affects pressure.

5. Texture does not change when rock becomes metamorphic rock.

6. Most metamorphic rock forms on the surface of Earth.

7. High temperatures and pressure affect the formation of metamorphic rock.

8. Metamorphic rock crystallizes from magma.

9. Studying the gases in metamorphic rock gives an indication of how intense

the changes were.

10. Rock texture is another indication of intensity of change.

11. The composition of a parent rock determines the temperature required

to metamorphose rock.

12. Indications that a rock has experienced metamorphism include changes

in composition and structure.

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Lesson Quiz A LESSON 4

Metamorphic Rocks
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each
term is used only once.

1. metamorphism associated with mountain A. contact

building metamorphism
2. permanent bending and folding of rocks
without melting B. foliated rocks
3. happens when magma causes existing C. nonfoliated rocks
rocks to change
4. metamorphic rocks that contain parallel D. plastic deformation
layers of minerals
5. metamorphic rocks that have interlocking
E. regional
metamorphism
mineral grains

True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

6. The texture of a metamorphic rock gives indications as to the temperatures

and pressure involved in metamorphism.

7. Like igneous rocks, many metamorphic rocks form from melted material.
8. Pressure usually causes long minerals to align.
9. Schist is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock.
10. The existing rock that changes during metamorphism is the parent rock.

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Lesson Quiz B LESSON 4

Metamorphic Rocks
Completion
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence.
Not all terms are used.

contact metamorphism foliated magma

nonfoliated plastic deformation quartzite
regional metamorphism schist texture

1. metamorphic rocks have minerals grains with a random,

interlocking texture.

2. is a foliated metamorphic rock with dark and light

minerals.

3. During , the extreme temperature of magma changes the

mineral composition of nearby rocks.

4. The degree of metamorphism is often determined by studying the

of a metamorphic rock.

5. metamorphic rocks have parallel layers of flat or elongated

minerals.

Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.

6. Define plastic deformation.

7. Identify the conditions needed to change sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock

and where those conditions are most likely found.

8. Determine the connection between regional metamorphism and the formation

of mountains.

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