ICSE PROJECT

2022-23

Name:

Subject: commercial studies

Title:Case of Four MNCs

Registration No:
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms Heer Engineer has satisfactorily completed the project in Four MNC
case prescribed by CISCE BOARD – Grade X of this institution in the year 2022-23.

Teacher in charges Head of the department

Name: MR VISHNU DEV SHARMA Name: Mr UNNI JOSE

……………………………………… Date: ……………………………………

Reg. No. Of the candidate: ……………………………………………………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INDEX

Srno Topic Page no

1 Monopolistic competition 5

2 Brands: Mobile phones 7

3 Brands: Tab 11

4 Brands: Sound system 15

5 Brands:Tv 18

6 Conclusion 19

7 Bibliography 19

Introduction
Topic: Take a case of Four MNCs – Mobile phones, Tabs, Music Systems and TVs. Analyze
how the market for these products is characterized by product differentiation.

What is Monopolistic competition?

Monopolistic competition involves a large number of firms competing against each other while
selling products that are unique in some way. Stores that sell various styles of clothing;
restaurants or grocery stores that sell various types of food; and even products such as
Golf balls or beer that may look similar but differ in public perception due to advertising and
brand names
The United States has over 600,000 restaurants. When products are distinctive, each company
has a mini-monopoly on a specific style, flavor, or brand name. Firms producing such products,
however, must compete with other styles, flavors, and brand names. This combination of mini-
monopoly and tough competition is captured by the term "monopolistic competition."

FACTORS AFFECTING MNC

Political factors
Political factors such as changes in tax rates, government policies and actions, political stability
of the country, foreign trade regulations, and so on all have an impact on the operations of an
international business firm. The country's lack of political stability has a direct impact on
business operations. Furthermore, various tax policies and government initiatives can sometimes
stymie business expansion in other countries. Thus, the effective business political environment
influences the growth of business firms (Shaw, 2018).

Economic factors
Economic factors are related to the economic system of the country in which the firm operates.
Various economic factors, such as the inflation rate, interest rate, income distribution,
employment level, government budget allocation, and so on, have a direct impact on the
operations of business firms (NDUNGU, 2012). Various economic factors, such as customer
purchasing power, influence the demand for various products and services.

Legal factors
Legal factors concern the legal environment in which the firm operates. Different laws apply in
different countries, and international businesses must follow the laws of each country. Age and
disability discrimination laws, wage rates, employment laws, and environmental laws all have an
impact on how businesses operate. In addition, various international lending agencies have an
impact on the legal culture and working policies of a business.

Social factors
Consumer behavior to purchase various goods and services is influenced by social factors such
as education, awareness, trends, and people's social status. Furthermore, the social environment
and culture, such as customs, lifestyles, and values, vary from country to country, which has a
direct impact on international business.

Environment factors
Weather, climate change, temperature, and other environmental factors have an impact on
businesses and the demand for various goods and services. With increased environmental
awareness, this external environment factor has become a significant issue for business firms to
consider. The trend toward environmentally friendly products and services has also had an
impact on the demand for various goods and services.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

Four characteristics of a monopolistically competitive industry are:
1. Many sellers. There are many sellers in this industry. Thus, there is a lot of competition.

2. Easy entrance. Firms in monopolistic competition are small. It’s relatively easy for new firm
to enter this industry and for existing firms to exit. Barriers to entry and exit are low.

3. Differentiated products. Firms in this industry sell differentiated products. Unlike in perfect
competition, products are not identical.

4. Local Advertising. Firms in this industry frequently advertise. Because the firms are small,
this is usually done on a local level.

Examples of Monopolistically Competitive Industries:

● Retail clothing stores
● Retail shoe stores
● Gas stations
● Fast food restaurants
● Car dealers
● Pizza restaurants
● Financial consulting services
● Legal services
● Medical and dental offices

PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
Product differentiation is a marketing process that aims to make customers perceive a specific
firm's product as unique or superior to others.

other product in the same category, creating a sense of value Differentiation does not always
imply changing the product; sometimes simply creating a new advertising campaign or changing
its packaging suffices. Edward H. Chamberlain coined the term "monopolistic competition" in
his 1933 book "Theory of Monopolistic Competition." Product differentiation is a business
strategy that emphasizes the distinct features and benefits of a product or service in order to
distinguish it from competitors. The marketing team communicates these distinguishing
characteristics through campaigns and promotions.Then the sales team uses them to demonstrate
the product's competitive advantage.

Product differentiation is a business strategy that emphasizes the distinct features and benefits of
a product or service in order to distinguish it from
competitors. The marketing team communicates
these distinguishing characteristics through
campaigns and promotions. The sales team then
employs them to demonstrate the competitive
advantage of the product.
Product differentiation, also known as product
differentiation strategy, is a method for businesses
to make their products stand out and capture the
attention of consumers. This aids in the
development of a strong brand that potential
customers will recognize. It also increases the
chances that they will choose your product over a
generic or undifferentiated product or service.
Mobile Phones

Brands
1) I Phone
2) Samsung
3) Nokia

I Phone
Apple parent company of iPhone was founded on April 1, 1976, in America by college dropouts
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who brought to the new company a vision of changing the way
people viewed computers.

Parent Company: Apple

Quantity: One phone per sale

Price: average price of an iPhone is $758.

Composition: The other products which the company makes are Air pods, Mac Laptop, PC
screens, Smart watch and Tablets.

Main feature that make people buy I phone is:

● A super powerful chip.
● 5G speed.
● An advanced dual-camera system.
● A Ceramic Shield front that's tougher than any smartphone glass.
● And a bright, beautiful OLED display.
● And is water resistant

Sales of Apple Iphone

The graph depicts the growth of the Apple iPhone in billions of
units. The Silicon Valley company's shares hit an intraday record
high of $182.88 on the first day of trading in 2022, putting Apple's
market value just above $3 trillion. Apple's market capitalization is
$2.99 trillion, and the stock ended the session up 2.5% at $182.01
Product differentiation
● Apple has its own hardware, operating system, applications, and services, all neatly tied
together with its new Cloud architecture, whereas all other companies, such as Samsung
and Nokia, use Google's Android software.
● Apple distinguishes itself by pricing its products higher than competitors, implying that
the products are of higher quality and incorporate cutting-edge technology. Through
clever marketing and distribution strategies, the company also increases consumer
interest by creating hype prior to product launches.
● Apple iPhone uses IOS as its system while all other mobile brand use android
● Apple iPhone mainly focusses on the privacy of the apple iPhone users

Samsung

Name of Brand:Samsung Electronics

Parent Company:Samsung Group

Quantity:69 million

Price: 31,499

Composition The Samsung Group is a

multinational South Korean manufacturing
conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town,
Seoul, South Korea. It is the largest South Korean
chaebol, consisting of numerous affiliated
businesses, the majority of which are united under
the Samsung brand. Samsung has the eighth highest
global brand value as of 2020. Lee Byung-chul
established Samsung as a trading company in 1938. Over the next three decades, the company
expanded into industries such as food processing, textiles, insurance, securities, and retail. In the
late 1960s, Samsung entered the electronics industry, and in the mid-1970s, it entered the
construction and shipbuilding industries.
Main feature that make people buy Samsung phone:
 ● Wider range of selection, Samsung has launched more than 200 mobile phones hence
providing a wider range of phones.
● Brilliant Amoled display and wider screen
● Amazing 108 megapixels camera
● S Pen, some of the customers buy Samsung because
of the s pen, the s pen has a special utility satisfaction
power.
● The Android app ecosystem
● Office productivity
● Long-lasting battery and power sharing

Sales of Samsung phones

In 2020, about 1.35 billion mobile phones were sold, with Samsung dominating yearly sales at
over 253 million units sold, taking up 18.8% market share

Product differentiation
. Samsung loyalists have long placed multitasking capabilities at the top of the list when it comes
to reasons they prefer Galaxy devices. Galaxy devices leverage crisp, expansive screens to give
users a variety of options for working
across multiple apps.
. The Android app ecosystem, for most of the people android is very easy to use as it is not very
complex.
. Long-lasting battery, Samsung phones have a long battery life about 11 to 13 hours once
full charged.

Huawei
Name of the Brand: Zhonghua youwei

Parent Company:Huawei Investment and Holding

Quantity:108.5 billion

Price: 14,990

Composition Huawei is structured around three core business segments: Carrier Network
Business Group provides communications carriers with wireless networks, fixed networks,
global services, carrier software, core networks, and network energy solutions. Huawei's industry
sales team is known as the Enterprise Business Group. Huawei is a Chinese information and
communication technology company based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Ren Zhengfei founded the
company in 1987, which initially manufactured telephone exchange switches before expanding
to telecommunications networks.

Features:
Dimensions. Height. 156.5 mm
Display. Size. 6.5 inches
Processor. Snapdragon 888 4G.
Memory. RAM + ROM. 8 GB RAM + 256 GB ROM
Rear Camera. 50 MP True-Chroma Camera
Front Camera. 13 MP Selfie Camera.
Battery. 4100 mAh
Charging. HUAWEI SuperCharge

Sales of HUAWEI Phones

Tab Brands
1) Lenovo
2) Apple Ipad
3) Huawei

Lenovo
Parent company: Lenovo group of companies

Quantity: One Tab per sale

Composition: Other products which company makes is Smart watch, Laptop, Desktop and air
pods.

Price: Average price of Lenovo tablets is $250

Main feature why people buy Lenovo Tablets:

. The battery life of Lenovo tablets is very good, the battery life is around 18 hours.
. Lenovo Tablets are best used for general web browsing, video streaming, music streaming, and
app-based games.
. Lenovo Tablets are not very expensive price ranging from $60 - $260.
. Lenovo tablets have a decent amount of storage.

Sales of Lenovo Tablets:

Although there was covid in 2020 and 2021 still Lenovo managed to sell almost 1 billion tablets
from 2020 to 2021. Currently Lenovo is dominating the Tablet market after Apple and Samsung.
Product diffrentiation of Lenovo Tablets:
. Lenovo tablets are very safe, during online school in India Lenovo launched smart tab which
was the safest and best tab for online school.

. Lenovo Tab M10 series is the most affordable tablet in India during 2020. It can be the best
tablet for students in primary classes.
. Lenovo P11 Pro can easily be converted to a laptop, the tab is a laptop also.
. Lenovo tablets have a good battery life, battery life is around 15 hours.
 Apple Ipad

Name of the Brand:Apple Ipad

Parent Company:Apple Inc

Quantity:2,549.00 million

Price: 3,199

Composition: A thin film transistor liquid-crystal display, glass touch screen, aluminum
backing, 3 silicon chips, main processing chip, NAND-type flash memory, and battery are
among the main components of the iPad. The 12.9-inch iPad Pro is made of aluminum and other
recyclable materials. The interface of the iPad is divided into two parts: the home screen, which
contains icons and folders, and the dock, which provides quick access to apps and folders.

Features Multitasking on the iPad is more intuitive and powerful than ever before.
Work seamlessly between apps. Use Slide Over or Split View to work with multiple apps at
once, and even drag and drop content between apps with a trackpad or touch.

● Multitasking. Multitasking menu

● External Keyboard. Redesigned keyboard shortcuts bar
● Widgets. Place widgets on the Home Screen
● App Library. App Library
● Notes. Tags
● Quick Note. Easy to access
● FaceTime. SharePlay: Watch together
● Messages. Shared with You

SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB

Name of the Brand: Samsung Galaxy Tablets

Parent CompanySamsung Group

Quantity:69 million

Price:69,067
Composition: They are made of leather, neoprene, or other materials.
The Galaxy is made with Corning Gorilla Glass, which is strengthened and resistant to cracks
and scratches through a special manufacturing process. A keyboard dock turns the Galaxy Tab
into a mini laptop computer. Samsung's manufacturing plant is in Vietnam's Thai Nguyen
province, where two factories produce smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices. The Samsung
Galaxy Tab is a tablet computer that is similar to other popular touchscreen tablets such as the
iPad and Amazon Kindle Fire. The Samsung Galaxy Tab's key features and benefits The Galaxy
Tab was introduced in 2010 and runs on the Android operating system.

Sales of Samsung tablet tab

 Huawei
Huawei, founded in Shenzhen, China on September 15, 1987, is a leading global provider of
information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and smart devices. Huawei
employs approximately 195,000 people and operates in over 170 countries and regions, serving
over three billion people worldwide.

Parent company: Huawei Investment & Holding

Co., Ltd, is the parent company of Huawei

Quantity: One tab per sale

Price: Average price of Huawei tablets is $190

Composition: Other Products which the company

makes are Mobile phones, Smart TVs, Smart watch
and Ear phones.

Main features why people buy Huawei tablet:

. Huawei tablets have a battery life of 8 hours and 46 minutes.
. Huawei has Qualcomm Processor Snapdragon 425.
. Huawei has Storage of 16GB.
. Huawei has Battery Capacity of 4800mAh.

Huawei Tablet sales:

This graph shows the sales of Huawei tablets in millions from 2009 to 2022. The company has a
fast growth rate and currently Huawei is the 4 biggest tablet company after Apple, Samsung and
Lenovo.

Product Diffrntiation of Huawei Tablet:

. Has a very good front and back camera.
. Has 4GB ram.
. The price of the tablet is less comparred to other competitors.
. The packeging is different from its competitors.

Music System Brands

1. Boat
2. JBL

Boat

Boat is a India based company incorporated in November 2013 in Delhi by co-founder Sameer
Ashok Mehta and founder Aman Gupta.

Parent company: Parent company of BoAt is Imagine Marketing

Composition: Company also makes Wireless Head phone and ear phones, Air pods, Smart
watch and speakers.

Price: The average price of BoAt music system is $200.

Main feature why people buy BoAt music system:

. The music system is off good quality and is offered at a low price.
. The music system looks cool and amazing.
. The sound Quality of the music system is good.

Sales of boAt music system:

According to the graph, despite Covid-19, At managed to sell 2.5 billion worth of music systems.
For the past few years, boAt has always seen success, and in just five years, the company has
reached a valuation of 50,000,000 rupees. Before BoAt, JBL ruled the Indian wearable market,
and in just three years, BoAt had risen to become the world's fifth largest wearable brand.

Product diffrntiation:
● The price of the music system is kept in such a way that the company also makes a profit
and the price of the product is less compared to its competitors.
● Dolby Atmos, boAt use dolby atmos in its speakers which improves the sound quality of
the system.
● The music systems made by boAt are portable; they have a CD player, an 8-hour battery
life, and a high-quality amplifier and speakers all in one. For example, boAt stone 1000.
● The music system is dust and water proof.

JBL

Name of the Brand: James B. Lansing Sound,

Incorporated Parent Company:Harman

International

Quantity:100 million

Price:400

Composition: JBL was the industry leader in

introducing this strong permanent high power
alloy in professional speaker systems, which is
composed of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. At their poles, alnico magnets generate magnetic
fields up to 1500 gauss, or approximately 3000 times the strength of the Earth's magnetic field.
James Bullough Lansing is the full name. It is an electronics company well-known for producing
high-quality audio speakers. It is an American sound engineering behemoth that manufactures a
wide range of high-quality speakers.

Features:
● Wireless Bluetooth Streaming. Wirelessly connect up to 2 smartphones or tablets to the
speaker and take turns enjoying powerful sound.
● Up to 20 hours of playtime. Built-in rechargeable Li-ion 7500mAH battery supports up
to 20 hours of playtime and charges your device via USB port.
● IPX7 waterproof.
● JBL Connect works by allowing you to connect more than 100 JBL Connect enabled
speakers together to create a wider listening field. This allows you to daisy chain multiple
speakers while playing music from a single Bluetooth source, which is useful if you want
bigger sound for outdoor parties and gatherings.

Sales of JBL music system:

By this graph we can see that the market for JBL music system has increased, currently JBL is
dominating the music system market with 35% of market share.

Product differentiation of JBL:

. Looking at the product, the music system looks so good that the customers are ready to buy the
product at all costs.
. Branding, JBL is the most reputed brand for music system and Bluetooth speakers, so because
of the brand name which
JBL has people who always want to buy JBL and no other brand.
. Pricing, JBL always was an expensive brand, as JBL was expensive people had a mindset that
JBL is good.
 TV brands
1) Sony
2) LG TV

Sony
Sony was founded on 7 May 1946 Nihonbashi, Chūō, Tokyo, Japan by the founder Masaru Ibuka
& Akio Morita.

Parent company: Sony Corporation is the parent company of Sony.

Quantity: One TV per scale

Price: Average price of Sony TV is $700

Composition: The other products which the company makes are, Wireless Headphones, Air
Pods, Smart watch, television channels like Sony sports& Sony movies (Sony pix).

Main features why people buy Sony TVs:

. Sony TV offers best brightness and contrast levels
. Sony TV is known for superb image quality and cutting-edge design.
. Sony Tv are long Lasting, With the proper care and maintenance, you can make the TV last
from 7-10 years.

Sales of Sony TV:

As we can see from the graph, Sony TV sales have decreased because Sony has reduced market
supply, and Sony will stop producing TV in Japan once the current stock is depleted. Samsung,
on the other hand, is increasing production while lowering production costs, resulting in a good
TV at a reasonable price. Currently, Samsung is the best TV company in the world and Sony's
main competitor, and because Sony stopped producing LED/LCD TV, Sony gained a
competitive advantage.

cut off from the middle-class market because OLED TVs, which Sony is currently producing, are
prohibitively expensive for the middle class.

Product differentiation of Sony TV:

. Pricing, Sony always keeps its product at a higher rate, stating that there products are supirior to
others.
. Quality of the sound and Picture quality of Sony Tv is very decent as Sony makes only OLED
TV, OLED TV are the best
TV.
. Sony only makes OLED TV and has stoped making LED/LCD, so due to this they have a brand
name like Apple and
Rolex.
. Sony Bravia X9000C (4.9mm) is the third thinnest TV in the world.

LG TV
Name of the Brand:LG Electronics Inc

Parent Company:LG corporation

Quantity:100 million

Price:42990

Composition:LG's OLEDs are among the

best on the market, with stunning picture
quality, and they're frequently less expensive than other OLEDs. However, their LED TVs are
nothing special and do not represent good value. They are well-known for providing high-quality
products at reasonable prices. LG has become well-known in recent years for its OLED and IPS
LCD televisions. When it comes to image quality, they are one of the best companies.

Features:
● Best LG TV overall: LG G2 OLED. The best OLED TV you can buy.
● Best LG TV value: LG C1 OLED. A killer OLED and the best gaming TV you can get. ...
● Entry-level OLED: LG BX OLED. LG's cheapest OLED TV.
● Best 2020 LG TV: LG CX OLED great deal, if you can find it. ...
● Best 8K LG TV: LG QNED MiniLED 99 Series.

CONCLUSION
 In this assignment, I elaborated on the topic Monopolistic Market by providing
comprehensive information. This project also focuses on the topic's main ideas.
I borrowed ideas and conducted research on this topic from the websites listed in
the bibliography. I'm hoping that this assignment will be useful and informative.

bibliography
https://www.expertreviews.co.uk/tvs/1404672/samsung-tv-model-numbers-every-tv-serie
s-explained
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/xiaomi-leads-fast-growing-smart-tv-market-in-
india-claims-
report/articleshow/92088731.cms
https://www.jbl.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-JB-US-Site/en_US/CountrySelector-
ViewFullList?geoip=false
https://www.apple.com/choose-country-region/
https://www.samsung.com/us/