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STO NIÑO SKILLS TRAINING & ASSESSMENT

CENTER, INC. DRIVING SCHOOL

FILIPINO DRIVER’S
MANUAL
VOL. 1 & 2

R.A. 10913 R.A. 8794

R.A. 8750

R.A. 10916

R.A. 10054
R.A. 10666

R.A. 8749

R.A. 10586
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ROAD TRAFFIC SIGNS

A. Regulatory Signs
signs that inform road
users of traffic laws and regulations which,
if disregarded, will constitute an offense.

1. PRIORITY SIGNS

STOP SIGN - driver must stop at designated

STOP LINE. No parking within 6 meters.

GIVE WAY SIGN - yield to the vehicles on

right side of intersection.

LEFT TURNER MUST GIVE WAY

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2. DIRECTIONAL SIGNS
These signs indicate the direction(s) in which the motorist
is obliged to follow.

TURN RIGHT AHEAD

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3. PROHIBITED /RESTRICTION SIGNS

No entry for all types of vehicles

NO CARS NO JEEPNEYS NO BUSES NO TRUCKS

NO VEHICLES
NO BICYCLES NO MOTORCYCLES NO TRICYCLES
WITH TRAILERS

NO ANIMAL NO PUSH CART

DRAWN
VEHICLES
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NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING -
Pedestrians are not allowed to cross the road.

USE OVERPASS OR USE PED XING –

pedestrians must use an overpass or
pedestrian crossing.

NO RIGHT TURN or NO LEFT TURN –

vehicles are not allowed to turn left or right.

NO U TURN - vehicles are not allowed to

make a U-TURN.

NO OVERTAKING ZONE
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4. SPEED SIGNS

Maximum speed restriction

End of speed restriction

Minimum of speed restriction

5. PARKING AND STOPPING SIGNS

Allowable parking and
loading zone at a given
time and place.

No stopping anytime No loading and

Unloading zone

No parking on fire hydrant within 4 meters No waiting

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BUS-PUJ STOP BUS STOP ZONE

ZONE - parking is parking is not allowed.
not allowed

PUJ STOP ZONE NO PARKING :

- parking is not TOW-WAY
Allowed ZONE-parked
Vehicle will be
Towed.

No stopping or No parking
parking anytime anytime.
within the yellow
box

RIGHT TURNER CROSS AT BROKEN

LINES – vehicles from the left lane may
cross the broken line to turn right within
the BUS/PUJ zone.
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6. MISCELLANEOUS SIGNS

No entry for No entry for

vehicles with vehicles with
gross axle load gross vehicle
of more 2 tons. Mass of more
than 5 tons.

No entry for No entry for

Vehicles with more vehicles with
Than 10 meters in more 2 meters
Length. Of width.

No entry for No blowing of

Vehicles with 3.5 horns.
Meters in height.

USE SEAT BELT Be aware of

Sign is used pedestrian
Pursuant to RA crossing
8750, the seat
Belt Law

Bike lane ahead be aware of

Children crossing

Be aware of persons with

Disabilities crossing
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B. Warning Signs
used to warn motorists of potentially hazardous
conditions on or adjacent to the road. It advises motorists
of road conditions that require caution and may call for a
reduction in speed, in the interest of safety and that of
other road users

1. Horizontal Signs
These signs are used to indicate the type of road
curve ahead of the motorist.
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2. Intersection Signs

Signs when one approaches an intersection or junction.

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3 .Advance Warning / Traffic Control Device Signs

Signs when one approach an intersection or junction.

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5. Road Obstacle Signs

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6. Pedestrian Signs
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7. Railway Level Crossing Signs

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4. Fingerboard Direction Signs

Provides direction to towns, tourist spots, geographic
interests at less important intersections

5. Street Name Signs

Informs the road users the names of roads and streets

they are passing or entering
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6. Town Names & Geographical Feature Signs

Signs that convey the general information of interest, such as
geographical locations

7. Service Signs

FIRST AID AMBULANCE, TELEPHONE GASOLINE PARKING AREA

HOSPITAL STATION ACCOMODATION,
HOTEL, MOTEL

CARAVAN SITE CAMPING INFORMATION

CENTER
REFRESHMENT REST AREA,
AREA RESTAURANTS,
PICNIC
CAFES
GROUND

DIRECTIONS OF
AIRPORT
TRUCK
PARKING DISABLED LITTER BIN
REST ROOMS
SERVICE
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8. Tourist Information & Tourist Destination Signs

9. Route Markers
Identification route number of arterial and national highway and
direction of the route.
Philippine Highway Network

In the Philippines, distance is

measured from Zero Kilometer Post
in each Province which should be
somewhere near the Provincial
Building. In Luzon, distance is
measured between each Provincial
Zero KM Post and the Zero Kilometer
Post is in Luneta Park, Manila.
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1O. Asian Highway Route Markers

Our country-assigned number is AH26. This

is to identify the general direction of arterial
roads of the Asian Highways that have
significance as " through" routes.

Advance directional signs with route

marker shield

Asian Highway Leg Marker Sign

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D. Signs on Expressways
These signs are essential for the driver to have an advance
information to ensure that they can position their vehicles in the
correct lanes.

1. Expressway Approach Signs

Installed in advance or at the nearest intersection or

interchange leading to the expressway.

2. Expressway Information Signs

PROHIBITED ON EXPRESSWAY LANE DIRECTION used to

prohibits traveling on an guide the motorists into
expressway. correct lanes leading to an
intersection or an interchange.
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3. Advance Exit Signs

Placed in advance of an exit toll

4. Expressway Exit Direction Signs

Exit signs posted overhead before the exit ramp of the interchange.

5. Expressway Service Signs

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6. Start and End of Expressway Signs

7. Expressway Traffic Instruction and Regulatory

Signs
These special signs are normally seen exclusively for expressways
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E. Traffic Instruction Signs

These signs instruct the motorists to follow a direction or to obey a
course of action. It is in conjunction with regulatory or warning signs
to form a standard treatment, and to support the operation of traffic
rules.

Supplementary Signs

Movement Instruction Signs

SLOW VEHICLES USE RIGHT LANE; MABAGAL NA SASAKYAN MAMALAGI SA

KANAN
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F. Hazard Markers
These are used to emphasize to the approaching driver a marked change in the
direction of travel and the presence of an obstruction.

Type of Hazard Markers

ONE-WAY HAZARD MARKERS

indicate to the approaching driver the direction
to be followed at the end of the road.
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CHEVRON SIGNS guide the drivers

through a change in horizontal
alignment of the road.
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G. Road Work Signs

PAVEMENT
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PAVEMENT MARKINGS
They are in the form of lines, symbols, messages, or numerals, and may
be set into the surface of, applied upon, or attached to the pavement. In
some cases, pavement markings are used as a supplement to other
traffic control devices, such as traffic signals and road signs. It simply
guides traffic or gives advance warning or may impose restrictions
supported by traffic regulations.
A. LONGITUDINAL LINES
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CONTINUITY LINE- when a driver sees a continuity lines on the left side means
the lane is ending or exiting and that the driver must change lanes if the driver
wants to continue in the current direction. Continuity lines on the right mean
that the lane will continue unaffected.

TRANSITION LINES- are used to guide the traffic safely past obstructions on
roadways such as islands, median strips, bridge piers or indicate changes in the
width of the travelled portion of the roadway and an increase or reduction in
traffic lanes.
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B. TRAVERSE LINES
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C. OTHER LINES
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D. Object Markings
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E. Raised Pavement Markers

F. Other Markings
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A. Checking Motor Vehicle and Documents

Before operating a vehicle, make a round check of the following:

A simple do - it-yourself motor vehicle inspection to avoid road

crash and breakdowns.
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D. Driving On the Road

TRAFFIC LIGHTS AND SIGNAL
RED SIGNAL
means you must bring your vehicle to
a stop at a clearly marked line.
You may proceed unless you are instructed
to do so by an authorized Traffic Officer.
FLASHING RED SIGNAL
means bring your vehicle to a stop
and proceed only when it is safe to do so.
YELLOW I AMBER SIGNAL
indicates that the red signal is about to appear.
Prepare to stop.
FLASHING YELLOW BEACON
When a flashing yellow signal is incorporated
with an overhead beacon or a beacon located
directly above a warning sign, it warns you to
proceed with caution.
YELLOW ARROW
In some traffic signal , a yellow arrow appear after a green arrow. When the
yellow arrow appears, it means the red or solid green signal is about to appear.
Therefore , stop the vehicle safely. If it cannot be done, proceed with caution.
GREEN SIGNAL
A green signal means you can proceed , provided
you yield to pedestrian and other road-users
lawfully using the intersection.
When making a turn on a green signal , remember
that the pedestrian crossing on the green signal
have the right of way. Be sure that you do not block
the traffic.
When a flashing left or right green arrow together
with a green signal is used, it permits the vehicle
facing that signal to turn left, turn right or go through
while opposing traffic faces a red signal.
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BRAKING
PROPER BRAKING

Avoid tail gaiting. Staying too close to the vehicle in front of you
leaves no room to manoeuvre whenever there is an unnecessary
traffic on your lane.

Maintain a safe distance when following a vehicle. This will give

you adequate space, time to react and to stop safely if necessary.

Give motorcycles the same distance you would give to any other
vehicle. Motorcycles are entitled to the same full length and width
as all other vehicle on the road.

BRAKING DISTANCE
The distance travelled from the time you start to activate the brakes
until you bring the vehicle to a stop. The vehicle running at 100 kph
in an ideal condition can travel 60 meters when applying a full
brake.

PERCEPTION and REACTION DISTANCE

Allow extra braking distance. It takes a split second for your
reflexes to respond and brain to react from the time you see a
potential hazard. A vehicle running at 100 kph has a perception
distance of 20 meters.

TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE

Take consideration of your perception distance, reaction distance,
and braking distance based on your speed to come into a total
stopping distance. A vehicle running at 100 kph has a total stopping
distance of 80 meters on a full brake.
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FOLLOWING DISTANCE

FOLLOW THE TWO or THREE SECOND RULE.

It is very important to avoid following another car too closely,
as it gives you less time to react if the driver in front of you decides to
brake or turn suddenly. For safety, drivers are advised to maintain a
distance of two or three seconds of the car in front. The rule varies on the
weight/mass of the vehicle given the same speed. The higher the mass,
the longer the time.

The distance is measured in time rather than meter (or other units of
measurement) as it can be difficult to judge distances while driving and
what counts as a safe distance varies depending on speed.
To judge the minimum safe distance according to the two or three
second rule, pick a stationary object on the other side of the road like a
lamppost or mailbox. When the car in front of you passes the object,
begin counting until you reach the same object.

SPEED RESTRICTIONS
Prescribed rate of speed per Section 35 of R.A. 4136
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PRESCRIBED RATE OF SPEED PER JOINT

MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 2018-001 DATED 17
JANUARY 2018 OF DOTr, DPWH AND DILG

*Recommended design speed under DPWH design, guidelines,

standards and criteria, volume IV (2015 ED)
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PRESCRIBED RATE OF SPEED PER SECTION 35 OF RA 4136

KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE.
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EXCEPTION TO SPEED RESTRICTION

1. A physician or his driver when the former
responds to emergency calls;

2. The driver of a hospital ambulance on the

way to and from the place of accident or
other emergency;

3. Any driver bringing a wounded or sick

person for emergency treatment to a hospital,
clinic, or any other similar place;

4. The driver of a motor vehicle belonging to

The Armed Forces while in use for official
purposes in times of riot, insurrection or
invasion;

5. A police patrol vehicle in pursuit of a

criminal;

6. A law-enforcement officer who is trying to

overtake a violator of traffic laws; and

7. A fire truck in response to a fire incident.

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RIGHT OF WAY

Republic Act 4136 define the Right of Way as:

"(a) When two vehicles approach or enter

an intersection at approximately the same
time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall
yield the right of way to the vehicle on the
right, except as otherwise hereinafter
provided. The driver of any vehicle traveling
at an unlawful speed shall forfeit any right
of way which he might otherwise have
hereunder.

(b) The driver of a vehicle approaching but

Not having entered an intersection, shall
yield the right of way to a vehicle within
such intersection or turning therein to the
left across the line of travel of such
first-mentioned vehicle, provided the driver
of the vehicle turning left has given a
plainly visible signal of intention to turn as
required in this Act.
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(c) The driver of any vehicle upon a

highway within a business or
residential district shall yield the
right of way to a pedestrian crossing
such highway within a crosswalk,
except at intersections where the
movement of traffic is being regulated
by a peace officer or by traffic signal.
Every pedestrian crossing a highway
within a business or residential district,
at any point other than a crosswalk shall
yield the right of way to vehicles upon
the highway.

(d) The driver of a vehicle upon a highway

shall bring to a full stop such vehicle before
traversing any "through highway" or railroad
crossing: Provided, That when it is apparent
that no hazard exists, the vehicle may be
slowed down to five miles per hour instead
of bringing it to a full stop. "
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EXCEPTION TO THE RIGHT OF WAY RULE

The driver of a vehicle entering a

highway from a private road or
drive shall yield the right of way
to all vehicles approaching on
such highway.

---- The driver of a vehicle upon a

highway shall yield the right of
way to police or fire truck and
ambulances when such vehicles
are operated on official business
and the driver sound audible
.
signal of their approach.

-- The driver of a vehicle entering a

"through highway" or a "stop
intersection" shall yield the right
of way to all vehicles approaching to
either direction on such "through
highway". Provided, that it shall not
be construed as relieving the driver
of any vehicle being operated on a
"through highway" from the n 11 duty
of driving with due regard for • \ STOP
~ the safety of vehicles entering such
"through highway" nor as protecting the
said driver from the consequence of an
arbitrary exercise off such right of way.
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DRIVING ON RIGHT SIDE OF HIGHWAY

Every person operating a motor vehicle or an animal-drawn vehicle

on a highway shall pass to the right when meeting persons or
vehicles coming toward him , and to the left when overtaking persons
or vehicles going the same direction.

CLASSIFICATION OF ROAD
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TURNING

MAKING THE RIGHT TURN

Get in the extreme

right lane well in
advance.

Signal your intention

to turn at least 30
meters before the
turn.

Check traffic approaching

from the left. At the turn
position, keep your vehicle
close to the curb or edge of
the highway.
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MAKING THE LEFT TURN

1. Get in the lane well in advance

of the intersection.

2. Switch on your left signal at least

30 meters before the turn and
reduce speed.

3. Keep your wheels pointed straight

ahead while stopped and waiting
to cross the traffic.

4. Make your turn into the lane

nearest the center-lane and
approach oncoming left-turning
vehicle so that they are on your right.

Give room to approaching

long vehicles making a turn
in an intersection.
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LEFT TURN FROM ONE-WAY STREET TO TWO WAY

STREET

Signal your intention to turn left.

Look behind for traffic when the
way is clear. Move into the left-hand

lane keeping immediately to the

right of the center line. Look ahead
to the rear, to the left and to the
right before making your turn.

LEFT TURN FROM ONE-WAY STREET TO ONE-WAY

STREET

Signal your intention to turn. Move to the lane nearest to the

curb that you are turning. Look ahead to the right and the left
before starting to make turn. Upon entry into the one-way
street, stay nearest to the curb until you reached the correct
traffic speed.

LEFT TURN FROM ONE WAY STREET TO ONE WAY

STREET ON RED SIGNAL
A left turn from one-way street into
a one-way street on a red signal may
be done provided that the vehicle is
first brought to a full stop and subject
to the right-of-way and other road
users.
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U -TURN
U-Turn is risky and prohibited in some areas. When doing "U"
turn, start turning from the extreme right side of the center lane.
Check for traffic in both direction and make the proper turn
signal. When the way is clear, turn the steering wheel sharply to
the left with care while moving forward. Do not change lane until
you reached the correct traffic speed.
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USING LANES

Changing Lanes
Check traffic ahead, behind and to the sides. Signal at least 30
meters in advance. Check rear view mirror and side mirrors for
approaching vehicles. Take a quick glance on the blind spots.
Steer into new lane while looking up the middle of the new lane,
cancel your signal.

ROUNDABOUT(ROTUNDA)
If you are about to enter a roundabout or rotunda, yield the
right-of-way to vehicles already in the roundabout. Signal your
intention and check your side mirror before you exit the
roundabout.
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HAND SIGNALS ON STARTING, STOPPING OR TURNING

a. The driver of any vehicle upon a highway, before starting,

stopping or turning from a direct line, shall first see that such
movement can be made in safety, and if any pedestrian may be
affected by such movement, shall give a clearly audible signal
by sounding the horn, and whenever the operation of any other
vehicle approaching or following may be affected by such
movement, shall give a signal plainly visible to the driver of
such other vehicles of the intention to make such movement.

b. The signal herein required shall be given by means of

extending the hand and arm beyond the left side of the vehicle,
or by an approved mechanical or electrical signal device.
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OVERTAKING AND PASSING

Passing is when the driver of slower vehicles uses passing facilities (such as
passing lanes, slow vehicle bays and diagonally marked sealed shoulders)
to let faster following vehicles pass. Overtaking is when the driver crosses
the centre line and uses the opposing traffic lane to pass a slower vehicle.

RESTRICTION ON OVERTAKING AND PASSING

As defined in RA4136

"(a) The driver of a vehicle shall not

drive to the left side of the center line
of a highway in overtaking or passing
another vehicle proceeding in the
same direction, unless such left side
is clearly visible, and is free of oncoming
traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to
permit such overtaking or passing to be
made in safety.

(b) The driver of a vehicle shall not

overtake or pass another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction,
when approaching the crest of a
grade, nor upon a curve in the highway,
where the driver's view along the
highway is obstructed within a distance
of five hundred feet ahead, except on a
highway having two or more lanes for
movement of traffic in one direction
where the driver of a vehicle may overtake
or pass another vehicle: Provided,
That on a highway within a business
or residential district, having two or
more lanes for movement of traffic
in one direction, the driver of a
vehicle may overtake or pass
another vehicle on the right.
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(c) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass any other vehicle
proceeding in the same direction, at any railway grade crossing, not at any
intersection of highways unless such intersection or crossing is controlled
by traffic signal, or unless permitted to do so by a watchman or a peace
officer, except on a highway having two or more lanes for movement of
traffic in one direction where the driver of a vehicle may overtake or pass
another vehicle on the right. It shall not be construed to prohibit a driver
overtaking or passing upon the right another vehicle which is making or
about to make a left turn .

(d) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or attempt to pass,
any other vehicle, proceeding in the same direction, between any points
indicated by the placing of official temporary warning or caution signs
indicating that men are working on the highway.

( e) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or attempt to

overtake or pass, any other vehicle proceeding in the same direction in any
"no-passing or overtaking zone."
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PARKING HEADED DOWNHILL

When parking headed downhill, turn front wheels into the curb or
toward the sidewalk. When parking on a sloping driveway, turn the
wheels so that the vehicle will not roll into street if the brake fail.
Always set parking brakes. Leave the vehicle in gear.

ANGLE PARKING

Angle parking is similar to perpendicular parking, except the vehicles

are aligned in an angle. Normally the angle is aligned with the
direction of vehicles approaching the parking space. It is easier to
drive into the parking space in contrast to perpendicular parking.
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PARALLEL PARKING

A method of parking a vehicle parallel to the road and in line with

other parked vehicles. A parallel parking initially requires driving
slightly past the parking space, parallel to the parked vehicle in front
of that space, keeping a safe distance, then followed by reversing into
that space.

PERPENDICULAR PARKING

It means parking the cars side by side, perpendicular to a wall, curb

or something else. This type of parking is usually located in parking
bays and garages because many cars can park on limited space.
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PARKING PROHIBITED IN SPECIFIED PLACES As defined in RA 4136, parking

is prohibited on highway such as to:

Within four meters of No parking in front of a

fire hydrant private driveway

On a crosswalk

Within an intersection
or Within six meters
of the intersection
of curb lines
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On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the curb

or edge of the highway

"Whenever a motor vehicle is parked unattended on any highway,

the driver must turn off the ignition switch and stop the motor and
notch effectively the hand brake."
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136

"LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE"

AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO LAND

TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE A
LAND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES.
This act shall control the registration and operation of all types of
motor vehicle and the licensing of owners, dealers, conductors,
drivers and similar matters.
CHAPTER I - PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS ARTICLE
CHAPTER II - REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
CHAPTER Ill - OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
CHAPTER IV - TRAFFIC RULES
CHAPTER V - PENAL AND OTHER PROVISIONS
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749

"PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999"

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR POLLUTION

CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
The law shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced
and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain
sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of
local government units to deal with environmental problems.
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and
environment is primarily area-based and the principle that polluters must
pay. The states recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for
the good of all and should be the concern of all.
Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. Any imported new or
locally-assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it
complies with the emission standards set pursuant to this Act, as
evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources.
Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into
commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards.
Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using new or
used engines, major parts or components shall not be registered unless it
complies with the emission standards.
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REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE

New Vehicle - Certificate of Conformity

Old Vehicles - Certificate of Compliance to Emission Standard
Vehicles must meet the emission standards. The results of such
test conducted by the DOTr or its authorized inspection center shall be
presented within sixty (60) days from the date of the test and to the L TO
motor vehicle registration offices as a prerequisite to renewal of
registration.

ROADSIDE INSPECTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Vehicle found emitting excessive smoke while operating in any public
highway shall be subjected to an emission test by properly equipped
DOTr through LTO and I or DOTr - designated enforcement unit(s) and I
or its deputized agents.
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8750

"SEAT BELTS USE ACT OF 1999"

AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY COMPLIANCE BY

MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO USE SEAT
BELTS DEVICES AND REQUIRING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS TO
INSTALL SEAT BELT DEVICES IN ALL THEIR MANUFACTURED
VEHICLES.
It is the policy of the State to secure and safeguard its citizenry, particularly
the passengers and drivers of private and public motor vehicles, from the
ruinous and extremely injurious effects of vehicular road crash. Towards this
end, the State shall pursue a more proactive and preventive approach in
order to secure the safety of the passengers and drivers at all times with the
mandatory enforcement of the use of seat belt devices by the drivers and
front seat passengers of private and public motor vehicles.
MANDATORY USE OF SEAT BELTS
Passengers of all motor vehicles whether private or for hire seated facing
forward in the front row seats and those seated at the back row (passenger
immediately behind the driver) of private cars, Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV)
and for hire vehicle are required to wear seat belts while inside a vehicle of
running engine on any road or thoroughfare. Passengers seated at the back
row of the following private motor vehicles: jeeps, passenger vans/wagons,
Asian Utility Vehicles (AUV), buses, trucks, vintage cars and special purpose
vehicles shall be exempted from wearing or using seat belt devices while
inside a vehicle of running engine on any road or thoroughfare.
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In the case of "for hire" motor vehicles, the driver shall be required
to immediately inform and require the front seat passengers upon
boarding a vehicle of running engine to wear the prescribed seat
belts. Any passenger who refuses to wear seat belts shall be
directed to take another seat for which a seat belt is not required or
else he/she shall not be allowed to continue his/her trip. In addition,
he/she will be informed that no insurance can be recovered in case
of accident.
Appropriate signage shall be posted on public or for hire vehicles.
The seat belt law does not apply to seatbelt assemblies for the
following seat type:
1. Folding seats which are provided at aisles, loading platform or
spaces other than those designed exclusively for installing seats
(except those seat in which only the seat-back section can be
folded.)
2. Single-seater provided at the side of the driver's seat three-
wheeled motor vehicles where the rotational angle of the steering
wheel or bar is less than seven times the rotational angle of
steering tire.
3. Seats facing sideward
4. Seats provided in close proximity to emergency exit
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EXEMPTION
This Act does not apply to a passenger or operator with a physically
disabling ailment or medical condition which would prevent
appropriate restraint in a safety belt, if the condition is duly certified
by a licensed physician and surgeon or a licensed chiropractor who
shall state the nature of the condition as well as the reason why the
restraint is inappropriate.
SECTION 10 – FINES AND PENALTIES
FAILURE TO WEAR THE PRESCRIBED SEAT BELT AND FOR
ALLOWING A CHILD 6 YEARS OLD AND BELOW TO SIT ON
THE FRONT PASSENGER SEAT.

FAILURE TO POST APPROPRIATE SEAT BELT SIGNAGE (FOR

PUV) AND FAILURE TO REQUIRE THE FRONT SEAT
PASSENGER TO WEAR A SEATBELT.
For PUV's both the driver and operator are liable to pay the fine of
Php 3,000.00 for every violation.
 P a g e | 72

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8794

AN ACT IMPOSING A MOTOR VEHICLE USER'S CHARGE ON

OWNERS OF ALL TYPES OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
It is hereby declared as the policy of the State to provide for and
ensure the adequate maintenance of national and provincial roads
through sufficient funding the purpose.
PAYMENT OF MVUC
Every motor vehicle whether for hire or for private use, including
government motor vehicle, shall be imposed with a motor vehicle
user's charge (MVUC) which shall be collected from and paid by the
owner when registering the motor vehicle.
PENALTY FOR OVERLOADING
Owner of a truck or trailer which is loaded in excess of the maximum
allowable gross vehicle weight (GVW) to pay a penalty in the amount
equivalent to 25% of the MVUC applicable to the vehicle at the time of
infringement, provided that the penalty shall be waived for the loading
exceeding the GVW by a tolerance of less than 5%.
No vehicle shall be permitted to proceed on the roadway if either a
dual-wheel axle load exceeds 13,500 kilograms or the vehicle load
exceeds 150% of the maximum allowable GVW.
 P a g e | 73

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10054

"MOTORCYCLE HELMET ACT OF 2009’’

AN ACT MANDATING ALL MOTORCYCLE RIDERS TO WEAR STANDARD

PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS WHILE DRIVING AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES THEREFOR

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to secure and safeguard its citizenry,
particularly the operators or drivers of motorcycles and their passengers, from
the ruinous and extremely injurious effects of fatal or life threatening accidents
and crashes. Towards this end, it shall pursue a more proactive and preventive
approach to secure the safety of motorists, their passengers and pedestrians at
all times through the mandatory enforcement of the use of standard protective
motorcycle helmet.

MANDATORY USE OF MOTORCYCLE HELMETS

All motorcycle riders, including drivers and back riders, shall wear standard
protective motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short drives, in any
type of road and highway at all times.

Standard protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of helmets for

motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications issued by the Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI).
 P a g e | 74

TYPES OF HELMETS

EXEMPTION
Drivers of tricycles shall be exempted from complying with the mandatory
wearing of motorcycle helmets.
 P a g e | 75

FINES AND PENALTIES

Any person caught not wearing the standard protective motorcycle
helmet in violation of this Act shall be punished with a fine of the
following:

First Offense One thousand five

hundred pesos
(Php 1,500.00)

Second Offense Three thousand pesos

(Php 3,000.00)

Third Offense Five thousand pesos

(Php 5,000.00)

Fourth and
Succeeding Offenses Ten thousand pesos
(Php 10,000.00) plus
confiscation of the driver's license.
 P a g e | 76

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10586

“ANTl-DRUNK and DRUGGED DRIVING ACT OF 2013"

AN ACT PENALIZING PERSONS DRIVING UNDER THE

INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, DANGEROUS DRUGS, AND
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
DECLARATION OF POLICY
Pursuant to the Constitutional principle that recognizes the
protection of life and property and the promotion of the general
welfare as essential for the enjoyment of the blessing of
democracy, it is hereby declared the policy of the State to ensure
road safety through the observance of the citizenry of responsible
and ethical driving standards.
Towards this end, the State shall penalize the acts of driving under
the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and other intoxicating
substances and shall inculcate the standards of safe driving and
the benefits that may be derived from it through institutional
programs and appropriate public information strategies.
 P a g e | 77

COVERAGE
These rules shall cover all acts of driving and/or operating a motor vehicle
while under the influence of alcohol, and/or dangerous drugs and similar
substances.
PUNISHABLE ACT
It shall be unlawful for any person to drive a motor vehicle while under the
influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances.
Driving under the influence of alcohol refers to the act of operating a
motor vehicle while the driver's blood alcohol concentration level has,
after being subjected to a breath analyser test, reached the level of
intoxication.
Conclusive proof that a driver is driving under the influence of
alcohol.

Driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other similar

substances refers to the act of operating a motor vehicle while the driver,
after being subjected to a confirmatory test as mandated under Republic
Act No. 9165, is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug.
Dangerous drugs and other similar substances refer to drugs listed in the
schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs, as
amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the schedules annexed to the
1971 Single Convention of Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in its
attachment which is an integral part of Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise
known as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002" and those
that the Board may reclassify, add to or remove from the list of dangerous
drugs.
 P a g e | 78

PROBABLE CAUSE
Probable cause shall mean that the LEO has reasonable ground to
believe that the person driving the motor vehicle is under the
influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar
substances:

1st Probable Cause

Upon personally witnessing a traffic offense committed by means of
lane straddling, making sudden stops, over speeding , swerving or
weaving in such an apparent way as to indicate that the driver is
under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and/or other
similar substances.

2nd Probable Cause

The evident smell of alcohol in a driver's breath, generally slurred
speech in response to questioning, bloodshot or reddish eyes,
flushed face, poor coordination, difficulty in understanding and
responding intelligently to questions shall also constitute probable
cause.
 P a g e | 79

CONDUCT OF FIELD SOBRIETY TEST

If the Law Enforcement Officers (LEO) or authorized officer trained and
deputized by the L TO to enforce the provisions of the law has reasonable
grounds to believe that the driver is drunk, the LEO shall:

1. Expressly inform the driver of his assessment and the driver shall be
directed to perform the entire three (3) field sobriety test on site.
2. Direct the driver to perform the entire three (3) field sobriety test on
site.

3_ The LEO shall record the driver's responses to the field sobriety tests
above enumerated, which record shall form part of the records of the
case.
4_ If the driver passes all of the three (3) field sobriety tests, the driver
shall be apprehended for the other traffic offense only and not for violation
of R.A. 10586.
 P a g e | 80

FOR DRUNK-DRIVING:

ALCOHOL BREATH ANALYZERS (ABA TEST)

1. If the driver fails any of the field sobriety tests, the LEO shall
proceed to determine the driver's BAC level, through the use of the
ABA, on site.
2. A driver who, after ABA testing, registers a BAC higher than the
prescribed limit shall be put under arrest and the motor vehicle
impounded. The LEO shall observe the proper procedure in effecting
the arrest and bringing the driver to the nearest police station for
detention. The motor vehicle shall also be brought to the nearest LTO
impounding area until the same is claimed by an authorized
representative of its registered owner.
3. In case the BAC is within the allowed limit, the driver shall be
apprehended for the other traffic offense only and not under R.A
10586.
4. Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and
passed the field sobriety test and/or ABA test, be subjected to drug
screening test afterwards.
 P a g e | 81

FOR DRUGGED-DRIVING:
If the law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a person
is driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and/or similar
substances, it shall be the duty of the law enforcement officer to bring the
driver to the nearest police station to be subjected to a drug screening
test and if necessary, a drug confirmatory test as mandated under R.A
No. 9165.
 P a g e | 82

DRIVER REFUSES TO UNDERGO THE MANDATORY TESTING

A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory
testing as required shall be penalized by the confiscation and
automatic revocation of his/her driver's license, in addition to other
penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent law, after
compliance with the requirement of due process.
1. Traffic Offense like:

Swerving I Weaving (Lane Deviation) Make sudden stops

over speeding other offenses stated under R.A No. 4136

2. Mandatory Alcohol and Chemical Testing of Drivers

Involved in Motor Vehicular Accidents

A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident

resulting in the loss of human life or physical injuries shall be
subjected to chemical tests, including a drug screening test
and, if necessary, a drug confirmatory test as mandated
under Republic Act No. 9165, to determine the presence
and/or concentration of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or
similar substances in the bloodstream or body.

3. Nationwide Random Terminal Inspection and Quick

Random Drug Tests

These rules shall cover all acts of driving and/or operating a

motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol and/or
dangerous drugs and similar substances.
 P a g e | 83

STAGES OF ALCOHOL EFFECTS ON DRIVER

*based on different research

 P a g e | 84

FINES AND PENALTIES

A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle while under the influence
of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances shall be
penalized as follows:
If the violation did not result in Twenty thousand pesos (Php
physical injuries or homicide 20,000.00) to Eighty thousand
pesos (Php 80,000.00) fine and
three (3) months imprisonment,
The penalty provided in Article 263
If the violation resulted in physical of the Revised Penal Code or the
injuries penalty provided in the next
preceding paragraph whichever is
higher and a One Hundred
Thousand (Php 100,000.00) to
Two Hundred Thousand (Php
If the violation has resulted in 200,000.00) shall be imposed ..
homicide
A penalty provided in Article 249 of
the Revised Penal Code and a fine
ranging from Three Hundred
Thousand (Php 300,000.00) to
Five Hundred Thousand (Php
500,000.00) shall be imposed .
FOR NON-PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS:
1st Conviction Confiscation and suspension of
license for a 12 months period.
2nd Conviction Revocation of license.
FOR PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS:
1st Conviction
Confiscation and perpetual
revocation of license.
 P a g e | 85

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10666

"CHILDREN'S SAFETY ON MOTORCYCLES ACT OF

2015"

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE SAFETY OF CHILDREN

ABOARD MOTORCYCLES
It is the policy of the State to defend the right of children to assistance, including
proper care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse,
cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their development.

The State shall pursue a more proactive and preventive approach to secure the
safety of passengers, especially children, by regulating the operation of
motorcycles along roads and highways.

PROHIBITION

It shall be unlawful for any person to drive a two (2)-wheeled motorcycle with a
child on board on public roads where there is heavy volume of vehicles, there is
a high density of fast moving vehicles or where a speed limit of more than 60/kph
is imposed, unless:

(a) The child passenger can comfortably reach his/her feet on the standard foot
peg of the motorcycle;

(b) The child's arms can reach around and grasp the waist of the motorcycle
rider; and

(c) The child is wearing a standard protective helmet referred to under Republic
Act No. 10054, otherwise known the "Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009."
P a g e | 86
 P a g e | 87

REPUBLIC ACT 10913

"ANTI-DISTRACTED DRIVING ACT"

AN ACT DEFINING AND PENALZING DISTRACTED DRIVING

It is hereby declared the policy of the State to safeguard its citizenry from
the ruinous and extremely injurious effects of vehicular crash.
While the State recognizes the vital roles of information and
communications technology in nation-building, the State also takes
cognizance of the inimical consequences of the unrestrained use of
electronic mobile devices on road safety as to cause its regulation.
A law prohibiting all motorists to use any communications device while
the motor vehicle is in motion or temporarily stopped at a traffic light or
intersection whether diplomatic, public or private.
 P a g e | 88

EXEMPTIONS

FINES AND PENALTIES

Drivers of the following:

A driver of a public utility vehicle, school service vehicle, common carrier
hauling volatile, flammable or toxic material, or a driver who commits an
act classified herein as distracted driving within a fifty (50)-meter radius
from the school premises shall be subject to a penalty of thirty thousand
pesos (P30, 000.00) and suspension of one's driver's license for three (3)
months.
 P a g e | 89

Plus, if an offender operating a conveyance or machinery (tractors

and construction equipment like graders, rollers, backhoes,
payloaders, cranes) and other forms of conveyances such as
bicycles, pedicabs, habal-habal , trolleys, "kuligligs", wagons,
carriages, carts, sledges, chariots or the like, whether animal or
human-powered which do not require a driver's license where the
public safety is compromised, the penalty shall be impoundment of
the conveyance or machinery in lieu of the confiscation of driver's
license and that in the event the fine imposed is not settled within
six (6) months from the date of apprehension, the implementing
agency shall exhaust all available legal remedies to implement the
same.
 P a g e | 90

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10916

“ROAD SPEED LIMITER ACT OF 2016”

AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY INSTALLATION OF

SPEED LIMITER IN PUBLIC UTILITY AND CERTAIN TYPES OF
VEHICLES
It is hereby declared the policy of the State to maintain at all times
the safety and protection of the public. Towards this end, it shall
pursue a more proactive and preventive approach to secure the
safety of passengers, and public in general on roads and highways.
It shall implement measures to safeguard them from any speed-
related road crashes which cause death, injury, and/or damage
properties.
COVERAGE
COVERED VEHICLE refers to any closed van, hauler or cargo
trailer, PUV, shuttle service, or tanker truck and such other vehicles
as may hereinafter be determined and included by the Department
of Transportation and Communications (DOTC), now DOTr for the
purpose of applying the provisions of this Act; excluding taxicabs,
and public utility jeepneys (PUJs), without prejudice to the review
by the DOTC after one (1) year on the necessity of their inclusion in
the coverage of this Act.
 P a g e | 91

COVERAGE
COVERED VEHICLE refers to any closed van, hauler or cargo trailer,
PUV, shuttle service, or tanker truck and such other vehicles as may
hereinafter be determined and included by the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC), now DOTr for the
purpose of applying the provisions of this Act; excluding taxicabs, and
public utility jeepneys (PUJs), without prejudice to the review by the
DOTC after one (1) year on the necessity of their inclusion in the
coverage of this Act.
CLOSED VAN refers to a large motor vehicle, usually with an
enclosed cargo space, designed to carry goods for commercial
purposes, or engaged in services of transporting personal effects.
HAULER OR CARGO trailer refers to a motor vehicle designed for
transporting heavy or oversized loads or cargoes;
PUBLIC UTILITY VEHICLE (PUV) refers to a motor vehicle
considered as a public transport conveyance or common carrier duly
registered with the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and granted a
franchise by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB).
SHUTTLE SERVICE refers to any motor vehicle provided by
government or private company or establishment whether owned or
leased from another entity to transport its employees to and from the
work premises or clients between designated origin and destination
and carrying not less than four (4) passengers.
TANKER TRUCK refers to a motor vehicle designed for transporting
or carrying gas, oil or liquid, flammable, combustible, corrosive or
hazardous materials or substances in bulk such as molasses or water.
 P a g e | 92

Chapter Ill
Fines and Penalties for Violations of Laws, Rules and Regulations
Governing Land Transportation
TEMPORARY OPERATOR'S PERMIT (TOP)
serves as a permit to operate a motor vehicle for a period of seventy-two
(72) hours only. All apprehensions are deemed admitted unless contested by
filling a written contest within five (5) days from date of apprehension. Failure of
the driver to pay the corresponding penalty within fifteen (15) days from the date
of apprehension shall cause automatic suspension of his driver's license for a
period of thirty (30) days from the date of apprehension, in addition to the fines
and penalties prescribed hereunder. The L TO shall resolve a contested case
within five (5) days from receipt of said written contest.

The imposition of the fines and penalties shall be without prejudice to

any criminal action that may be instituted under existing laws, rules and
regulations.

VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH LICENSING

A. DRIVING WITHOUT A VALID Php 3,000.00
DRIVER'S LICENSE I
CONDUCTOR'S PERMIT

This includes driving with an In addition, the unlicensed or

expired, revoked, suspended, improperly licensed driver shall be
inappropriate driver's license disqualified from being granted a
restriction code, inappropriate driver's license and driving a motor
Driver's license classification, fake vehicle for a period of one (1) year
driver's license, tourist driving a from the payment of the fine.
motor vehicle with a valid foreign
driving license beyond the 90-day
maximum allowable period and a
student driver driving without being
accompanied by a duly licensed
driver.
 P a g e | 93

B. DRIVING A MOTOR Php 10,000.00

VEHICLE USED IN THE
In addition, the driver's license
COMMISSION OF A CRIME
shall be confiscated and upon
UPON CONVICTION BY A conviction for the crime, revoked
REGULAR COURT OF and the driver shall be perpetually
COMPETENT JURISDICTION disqualified from being granted a
driver's license and driving a motor
vehicle.
The motor vehicle driven by the
violator shall likewise be
impounded until ordered to be
released by a regular court of
competent jurisdiction after
payment of appropriate fines and
penalties.

C. COMMISSION OF A CRIME Php 10,000.00

IN THE COURSE OF
In addition, the driver's license
APPREHENSION UPON shall be confiscated, and revoked
CONVICTION BY A REGULAR upon conviction for the crime. The
COURT OF COMPETENT driver shall be disqualified from
JURISDICTION being granted a driver's license for
a period of 5 years counted from
the date of payment of appropriate
fines and penalties.
The motor vehicle driven by the
violator shall likewise be
impounded until ordered to be
released by a regular court of
competent jurisdiction after
payment of appropriate fines and
penalties.
 P a g e | 94

D. DRIVING A MOTOR In addition to the fines and penalties

VEHICLE UNDER THE prescribed by law: The non-professional
driver's license of the person shall be
INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL, confiscated and suspended for a period
DANGEROUS DRUGS AND I of twelve (12) months for the first
OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCE conviction and perpetually revoked for
UPON FINAL CONVICTION BY the second conviction .
A REGULAR COURT OF C 0 M The suspension above shall commence
P E T E N T JURISDICTION upon the payment of the appropriate
(SECTION 12, R.A. 10586) fines and penalties.

The professional driver's license of the

person shall also be confiscated and
perpetually revoked for the first
conviction. The perpetual revocation of a
driver's license shall disqualify the
person from being granted any kind of
driver's license thereafter.

First offense Php 2,000 .00

E. RECKLESS DRIVING
Second offense Php 3,000.00
No person shall operate a motor vehicle
on any highway recklessly or without Subsequent offense Php10, 000.00
reasonable caution considering the
width, traffic, grades, crossing, In addition, the driver's license shall be
curvatures, visibility and other condition suspended for a period of three (3)
of the highway and the conditions of the months for the second offense and six
atmosphere and weather or so to (6) months for the third offense from
endanger the property or the safety or payment of fine and revocation of
rights or so as to cause excessive or driver's license on the succeeding
unreasonable damage to the highway. offense.

This includes driving with an improperly A revoked non-professional driver shall

registered motor vehicle or a motor be disqualified from being granted a
vehicle with expired, revoked, driver's license for a period of two (2)
suspended or invalid registration, years counted from date of revocation.
unregistered of fake substitute or
replacement engine, engine block or A revoked professional driver shall be
chassis. perpetually disqualified from getting any
driver's license.
P a g e | 95
 P a g e | 96

This includes the following traffic violations:

1. Parking
a. In an intersection
b. Within 5 meters of the intersection
c. 4 meters from the driveway entrance
d. Within 4 meters from a fire hydrant
e. In front of a private driveway
f. On the roadway side of any unmoving or parked MV at the curb or
edge of the highway
g. At any place where signs of prohibitions have been installed

2. Disregarding Traffic Signs

3. Allowing passengers on top or cover of a motor vehicle except a truck
helper
4. Failure to provide canvass cover to cargoes or freight of trucks
requiring the same.
 P a g e | 97

5. Permitting passenger to ride on running board, step board or mudguard

of MV while the same in motion
6. Failure to dim headlights when approaching another motor vehicle

7. Driving in a place not intended for traffic or into place not allowed for
parking.
8. Hitching or permitting a person or a bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle or skate
roller to hitch to a motor vehicle.
9. Driving against traffic- failure to pass to the right when meeting persons or
vehicles coming towards him.
10. Illegal turn- failure to conduct the motor vehicle to the right of the
intersection of the highway when turning to the left in going from one highway
to another.
11. Illegal overtaking-failure to pass to the left when overtaking person or
vehicles going to the same direction except when there are two or more
lanes for the movement of traffic in one direction.

12. Overtaking at unsafe distance - failure to pass at a safe distance to the

left of another motor vehicle when overtaking that vehicle.
13. Cutting an overtaken vehicle - driving to the right side of the highway after
overtaking before his motor vehicle is safely clear of such overtaken vehicle.
14. Failure to give way to an overtaking vehicle - failure to give way to
another vehicle approaching from the rear that wishes to overtaken his
vehicle when the former has given suitable and audible signal.

15. Increasing speed when being overtaken-increasing the speed of the

motor vehicle before the overtaking vehicle has completely passed.
16. Overtaking when left side is not visible or clear of oncoming traffic driving
to the left side of the center line of a highway in overtaking or passing
another vehicle proceeding in the same direction where the left side is not
 P a g e | 98

clearly visible and is not free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance to
pass in safely.
17. Overtaking upon a crest of a grade-overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction when approaching the crest of a grade.
18. Overtaking upon a curve - overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction upon a curve in a highway where the
driver's view along the highway is obstructed within a distance of 500 feet
ahead.
19. Overtaking at any railway grade crossing- overtaking or passing another
vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railway grade crossing.
20. Overtaking at an intersection - overtaking or passing another vehicle in
the same direction at any intersection of highways except on a highway
having two or more lanes for movement of traffic in one direction where the
driver of a vehicle may overtake another vehicle on the right.
21. Overtaking on "men working" or "caution" sign - overtaking or passing or
attempting to overtake or pass another vehicle proceeding in the same
direction between warning or caution signs indicating that men are working
on a highway.
22. Overtaking at no overtaking zone- overtaking or passing or attempting to
overtake or pass another vehicle proceeding in the same direction in any "no
passing or overtaking zone".
23. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of a vehicle on the left to yield the
right of way to the vehicle on the right when these vehicles approach or enter
an intersection at approximately the same time.
24. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of the vehicle approaching but not
having entered an intersection to yield the right of way to a vehicle within
such intersection or turning therein to the left across the line of travel of the
first mentioned vehicle when such vehicle has given a plainly visible signal of
intention to turn.
 P a g e | 99

25. Failure to yield the right of way - failure of the driver of any vehicle upon a
highway within a business or residential district to yield the right of way to a
pedestrian crossing such highway within a crosswalk except at intersection
where the movement of traffic is regulated by a peace officer or by traffic
signal.
26. Failure to stop before traversing a "through highway" or railroad crossing-
failure of the driver of a vehicle upon a highway to bring to a full stop such
vehicle before traversing any "through highway" or railroad crossing .
27. Failure to yield right way of way-failure of a vehicle entering a highway
from a private road or driver upon a highway to yield the right of way to all
vehicles approaching on such highway.

28. Failure to yield a right of way to ambulance, police or fire department

vehicles-failure of driver upon a highway to yield the right of way to police or fire
department vehicles and ambulances when such vehicles are operated on official
business and the drivers thereof sound audible signal on their approach.

29. Failure to yield right of way at a "through highway" or a "stop-intersection"-

failure of a vehicle entering a " through highway" or a "stop intersection" to yield
right of way to all v e h i c I e s approaching in either direction on such "through
highway".

30. Failure to give proper signal-failure to give the appropriate signal before
starting, stopping or turning from a direct line.

31. Illegal turn- failure of the driver of a motor vehicle intending to run to the right
at an intersection to approach such intersection in the lane for traffic nearest to
be right-hand side of the highway and, in turning, to keep as close as possible to
right -hand curve or edge of the highway.

32. Illegal turn-failure of the driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left, to
approach such intersection in the lane for traffic to the right of and nearest to the
center line of the highway, and in, turning to pass to the left of the center of the
intersection except upon highway lane for traffic and upon one-way highway.
 P a g e | 100

33. Failure to stop motor and notch handbrake of motor vehicle when
unattended-failure to turn off the ignition switch and stop the motor and notch
effectively the handbrake when parking a motor vehicle unattended on any
highway.

34. Unsafe towing.

35. Obstruction-obstructing the free passage of other vehicles on the highway

while discharging or taking passengers or loading and unloading freight, or
driving a motor vehicle in such a manner as to obstruct or impede the passage of
any vehicle.

36. MC carrying more passengers other than the back rider or cargo other than
the saddle bags and luggage carriers.

37. Refusal to render service to the public or convey passenger to destination.

38. Overcharging or undercharging of fare.

39. No Franchise I Certificate of Public Convenience or evidence of

franchise presented during apprehension or carried inside the m o to r
vehicle.

40. Fraud and falsities such as presentation of fake and spurious CPC,
OR/CR, plate, stickers and tags.

41. Operating the unit/s with defective parts and accessories.

42. Failure to provide fare discount to those entitled under existing laws
and pertinent Memorandum Circulars of the LTFRB.

43. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or operating without or with an old

seal taximeter.

44. Tampered, broken, joined, reconnected, fake or altered sealing wire.

45. No sign board.

 P a g e | 101

46. Pick and Drop of Passengers outside the terminal.

47. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited cargoes.

48. Failure to provide the fire extinguisher and required "STOP and GO"
signage for use of each vehicle.

49. Trip cutting.

50. Failure to display fare matrix.

51. Breach of franchise conditions under 2011 Revised Terms and

Conditions of CPC not otherwise herein provided.
 P a g e | 102

VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH

MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION
/RENEWAL /OPERATION
VIOLATIONS FINES AND PENALTIES

A.DRIVING AN Php 10,000.00 In addition, in

UNREGISTERED MOTOR case of non-registration and the
VEHICLE This includes driving violation has exceeded one (1)
with an improperly registered month, the motor vehicle shall be
motor vehicle or a motor vehicle impounded and shall be released
with expired, revoked, only upon its valid registration
suspended or invalid registration, and payment of appropriate fines
unregistered of fake substitute or and penalties. In the case of
replacement engine, engine undocumented engines, the
block or chassis motor vehicle shall be
impounded and shall be barred
B. UNAUTHORIZED MOTOR for a period of one (1) year from
VEHICLE MODIFICATION payment of the fines. The
This includes change in color undocumented engines shall
and other unauthorized likewise be confiscated in favour
modifications of the standard of the government.
manufacturer's specification not
Php 5,000.00 in addition, the
covered by the preceding section
motor vehicle shall be released
A.
only upon inspection, correction
of defect and payment of the
C. OPERATING A RIGHT
fine.
HAND DRIVE MOTOR
Php 50,000.00 In addition, the
motor vehicle shall be
impounded and subject to
inspection, if defect was
corrected and payment of the
fine.
 P a g e | 103

D. MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING Php 5,000.00

WITHOUT OR WITH DEFECTIVE I
IMPROPER I UNAUTHORIZED In addition, the motor vehicle shall
ACCESSORIES, DEVICES, be impounded until the accessory,
EQUIPMENT AND PARTS This device, equipment or part is properly
includes bells I sirens whistles, installed, corrected or removed , as
blinkers, horns, early warning device the case may be and payment of the
(EWD), grill/s, jalousies, brake (foot fine. The improper or unauthorized
and hand brakes), brake lights accessory, device, equipment or
/headlights /interior lights /signal part shall likewise be confiscated in
lights /tail lights, mirrors, mufflers, favour of the government.
metallic tires I spare tire, Php 5,000.00
speedometer, windshield, wipers or
any other accessory, device, In addition, the authorized motor
equipment or part that is manifestly vehicle license plate/third plate
prejudicial to road safety. sticker shall be properly attached
and the unauthorized plate,
E. FAILURE TO ATTACH OR accessory and/or device removed
IMPROPER ATTACHMENT I and confiscated in favor of the
TAMPERING OF AUTHORIZED government.
MOTOR VEHICLE LICENSE
PLATES AND/OR THIRD PLATE The motor vehicle shall be
STICKER This includes the impounded and MV licensed plate
attachment of any unauthorized shall not be released until the
plate/s or any accessory or device to vehicle has passed the standard
and/or around the authorized motor emission test and payment of the
vehicle license plate, or any manner fine.
of attachment that impedes in any
In addition, the driver and operator
way the visibility or reflectivity of the
of the apprehended vehicle shall
authorized motor vehicle license
undergo a seminar on pollution
plate and/or the third plate sticker.
control management conducted by
F. SMOKE BELCHING (Section the DENR and shall also suffer the
46, RA 8749) any vehicle suspected following penalties:
of violation of emission standards
a.) First Offense - a fine not to
through visual signs, such as, but
exceed Two Thousand
not limited to, smoke belching, shall
Pesos (Php2,000.00);
be subjected to an emission test.
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b.) Second Offense - a

fine not to exceed Four
Thousand Pesos (Php
4,000.00) and
G. FRAUD IN
c.) Third Offense - one
RELATION TO THE
REGISTRATION OF (1) ye a r suspension of
THE MOTOR VEHICLE the Motor Vehicle
AND I OR ITS Registration (MVR) and
RENEWAL a fine not more than
Six Thousand Pesos
(Php 6,000.00)

d.) Succeeding Offense

- suspension of MV
Registration for one (1)
year.

H. ALL OTHER Php 3,000.00 In

VIOLATION IN addition, the motor
CONNECTION WITH vehicle shall be
MOTOR VEHICLE impounded and shall
REGISTRATION be barred from
RENEWAL I registration for a period
OPERATION of one (1) year from the
payment of the fine.

Php 2,000.00
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VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH DIMENSION,

SPECIFICATIONS, WEIGHT AND LOAD LIMITS

VIOLATIONS FINES AND PENALTIES

A. LOAD EXTENDING Php 1,000.00

BEYOND PROJECTED Fine shall be imposed upon the
driver of the motor vehicle for
WIDTH WITHOUT PERMIT
operating a motor vehicle with
any part of the load extending
beyond the projected width of
the vehicle without special
permit.

B. AXLE OVERLOADING An amount equivalent to 25%

of MVUC at the time of
infringement on owner/operator
or driver of trucks and trailers
for loading beyond their
registered gross weight, vehicle
weight. The penalty shall be
waived for loads exceeding the
registered GVW by a tolerance
of less than 5%. No motor
vehicle shall be allowed to
proceed on the roadway if
either a dual-wheel axle load
C. OPERATING A shall exceed thirteen thousand
PASSENGER BUS/TRUCK five hundred (13,500.00)
WITH CARGO kilograms (kgs) or the vehicle
EXCEEDING 160 load exceeds 150% of the
KILOGRAMS maximum allowable gross
weight. To be computed based
on formula.

Php 1,000.00 Fine shall be

imposed upon the driver
and conductor of the motor
vehicle.
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VIOLATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH FRANCHISE

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Except in cases of colorum violation, as stated in number

one (1), the LTFRB, in the application of these fines and
penalties, shall count offenses against operators and not
against a particular motor vehicle or CPC. Hence, the
second offense committed by a different vehicle of the same
operator shall be counted as second (2nd) offense and
another offense by third vehicle with the same operator shall
be counted as a third (3rd) offense, provided all
apprehended vehicles belong to the same CPC. Fines and
penalties provided for under existing Memorandum Circulars
of the L TFRB which are not provided for in this Joint
Administrative Order shall continue to be applied by the
Board and Regional Franchising and Regulatory Offices.