rdcH fiajd ;r. úNd.

ioyd ks¾udKd;aul" úYaf,aIKd;aul yd ikaksfõok l=i,;d

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m%ùK foaYl wfYaka wfír;ak Model Papers

(International Relations, Colombo) / PGDE - OUSL
Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna
[email protected]
071-9000784 / 077-5508484
Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna Ashen Aberathna

ish,qu m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak

01. පහත දැක්වෙන පාඨෙල ප්‍රධාන අදහස හැකිතාක් වෙටිවෙන් තනි ොෙයකින් ලිො තද ෙළු අකුරින් uqøs; පදෙලට
විෙරණ සපෙන්න.

01. ixprK iSud mekùu iy úfYaIfhka §m jHdma;j fõ.j;a tkak;alrK jevigykla l%shd;aul
lsÍu ;=<ska fldúâ-¡19 jix.;h uevmeje;aùu iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldj m%YxikSh m%.;shla ,nd we;'
flfia fj;;a" ck.ykh ;=< urK yd frda.dndO i|yd m%Odk fya;=jla jk Èhjeähdj" ksoka.;
Yajik frda." ms<sld iy yDo frda. jeks fnda fkdjk frda. ;=<ska t,a, jk mSvkh iuÕ §¾>
ld,hl isg Y%S ,xldj mSvd ú|sñka isà' jix.;hg fmr" 2019 jif¾ § Y%S ,xldfõ urKj,ska 82'5]la
fnda fkdjk frda. fya;f = jka isÿ ù we;' fldúâ-¡19 jix.;h;a iuÕ fnda fkdjk frda.j,ska mSvd
ú|sk mqoa.,hskaf.a wjÞku jeä ùu i|yd fldúâ-¡19 fya;=fjka Tjqkaf.a ixl=,;d j¾Okh ùug jeä
wjldYhla mej;Su muKla fkdj" Tjqkaf.a ks;H ffjoH m%;sldrj,g ndOd isÿ ùu;a" ixprK iSud
fya;=fjka jHdhdu fkdue;s Ôú;hka .; lsÍu;a fya;= ù we;

02. iS;djl rdcisxy rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq ,laÈj isxy, rdcHh jQfha zfixlv., mqrjrhZ hk kñka
ye¢ka jQ zuykqjrZ k.rhhs' fuu k.rh iajNdj fi!kao¾hfha ukd ixrCIKhla we;s j ìys jQ ,laÈj
tl u rdcOdksh f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' ukaoh;a@ fuu k.rhg we;=,a ùug kï .sß ÿ¾." jk ÿ¾.
;rKh lrñka meñKsh hq;= jQ ksid h' tfiau yka;dk l÷jeáh yd uyje,s .`. fuu rdcOdksfha
;j;a wdrCIl lfmd¨ fuka u iqkaor oiqka f,i oelaúh yelsh' tfy;a fuu k.rh rdcOdkshla
jYfhka wdrïN jQfha iS;djl rdcOdksfhka miqj fkdfõ' l%s' j' 1453 ගïm< úiQ ;reK ck
kdhlfhl= jQ úl%undyq l=udrhd zzYS% j¾Ok mqrZZ kñka kj rdcOdkshla bÈ l< nj i|yka fõ

03. jxiZ hkq l=,h mrïmrdj hk woyi f.k fohs' ta wkqj b;sydid.; f;dr;=re wdY%h lrf.k
mrïmrdj .ek wOHhkh lsÍu jxil:djkaf.ka wfmaCId flf¾' b;sydih ms<sn| f;dr;=re igyka
lrk jxil:dlrejdf.a iajNdjh jkafka jvd;a iqúfYAIS jq rij;a m%jD;a;Ska bÈßm;a lsÍuh' tfia
b;sydi f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍfï§ ;;a jQ mßoafoka igyka lsÍu fuka u ;udg wNsu; jQ m%jD;a;sh
jvd;a WÑ; NdId jHjydrfhka rij;a f,i oelaùu jxil:d lrejkag wdfõKsl jQq fohla ksid th
idys;Hdx.hla jYfhka m%lg úh' ta wkqj úYaj idys;Hfha tla wÈhrhla jxil:d idys;Hhg ysñjk
nj fmkajd Èh yelsh'

04. jxil:d idys;H b;sydih ;=< uydjxihg ysñjkafka m%uqLia;dkhls' by;ska i|yka lrkakg
fhÿK fndfyda jxil:dj,g uQ,dY%h ù ;sfnkafka uydjxihhs' §mjxih uydjxihg fmr rpkd jQjla
ksid fuu lD;s fol w;r muKla ;r`.ldÍ;ajhla oelsh yelsh' §mjxifha fuka u uydjxifha o
wka;¾.; ù we;af;a ,laÈj rdc mrïmrdj ms<sn| j úia;rhls' tfy;a §mjxih uyfika rcqf.a ld,h
f;la rdc mrïmrdj lshdf.kú;a wjika fldg we;' kuq;a uydjxih j¾;udkh olajd u f;dr;=re
we;=<;a lD;shla f,i fmkajd Èh yelsh' uydjxifha m<uq fldgi uyfika rcqf.a rdcHfhka wjika
jk w;r bkamiq uydjxifha fofjks fldgi pQ,jxih kñka y÷kajd we;' tfy;a .%ka:fha lsisÿ
;ekl pQ,jxih hehs i|yka fkdfõ' m<uq fldgfia fuka u fofjks fldgfia o iEu mßÉfþohla
wjidkfha u zzb;s iqckmamido ixfõ.dh lf; uydjxfiZZ hkqfjka i|yka ù ;sîfuka fmkS hkafka

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pQ,jxih o uydjxih hkqfjka u y÷kajd we;s njh' ta wkqj fuu j¾.SlrKh t;rï idOdrK jQjla
hehs ye¢kaúh fkdyelsh

05. ,xldj nyqjd¾.sl yd nyqwd.ñl iudchla nj ft;sydisl uQ,dY%j,ska ;yjqre fõ' kuq;a ish¨u
jd¾.sl iy wd.ñl lKavdhï lsis÷ fNaohlska f;drj Ôj;a úh¡ tfy;a j¾;udkfha jd¾.sl yd
wd.ñl ldrKh u; mokïj .egqï j¾Okh ùula oelsh yels fõ¡ wd.ñl yd foaYmd,k wêldßka
wka;.dó f,i ñY% ùu fuhg n,mdk ,o m%Odk fya;=jla fõ' mD;=.S%is" ,kafoais yd bx.S%is cd;slhkag
furg hg;a ùug fmr wd.ñl ixl,am yd ne÷Kq rdcH md,kh ;=< j¾;udkfha olakg ,efnk
wdldrfha mgq wruqKq fkdùh¡ furg md,k n,h úfoaYshka w;g m;aùu;a iu. foaYmd,k fËa;%h ;=<
lf;da,sl wd.fï jHdma;sh ke;fyd;a foaYdm,kh lf;da,slrKh ùu wdrïN úh' mD;=.S%is iy
,kafoais hq.hkag idfmlaIj bx.S%is md,k iuh ;=< fuu ;;a;ajh nyq,j oelsh yels úh¡ uq¿ Èjhsku
ì%;dkHhkag hg;aj mej;Su fï i|yd n,mdk ,§¡ ì%;dkH wêrdcHjd§ md,kfha uQ,sl wruqK jQfha
ls%ia;= O¾uh jHdma; lsÍu;a wd¾Ól m%;s,dN ;u uõ rgg heùu;a h

06. ;ukag fjka jQ mdi,la ke;s fyhska ñIkdß mdi,aj,g we;=<;a ù isák yskaÿ msßñ <uhs
udkislj jxpd lsÍug;a" jxl f,i yeisÍug;a mqreÿ ù isá;s' f.or mQcd mj;ajk úg k<f,a .dkq
,nk Y=oaO w¿ lf;da,sl mdi,aj,g <xfj;au fyd¢ka W,d msi oukq ,efí' mdi, ;=< TjqyQ lf;da,sl
isiqka f,i yeisfr;s' fn!;Siau lrkq ,enQ msßñ <uqka yd .=rejreka tu mdi,aj,ska bj;a jQ miq kej;
jrla Y=oaO jQ w¿ j,ska k<f,a lemS fmfk bß we|f.k, kj.=K je,a me<| isák wjia:d ද ඇත.fï
.ek wm ck;dj mS%;s jk w;r ñIkdßjre n,j;a fia frdia mfrdia fj;s' ñIkdßka ;=< wkH
wd.ñlhka ;u wd.ug .ekSug we;s iSudka;sl wdYdj jeksu jQ wdYdjla hdmkfha jeishka ;=< flfia
fyda bx.S%is bf.k .ekSug we;s fyhska hdmfka wd.u ms<sn|j we;af;a b;du l=yl wdl,amhකි

07. furgg i¾jck Pkao n,h 1928 fvdkfuda¾ fldñifï ks¾foaYhka u; 1931 § ysñ úh¡ fufia
i¾jck Pkao n,h ysñ ùu;a iuÕ fn!oaO NslaIqjf.a foaYmd,k in|;d l%ufhka j¾Okh úh¡ tkï
NslaIqj rdcH uka;%K iNd ue;sjrKhkag bÈßm;a fkdjQjo" jl%dldrfhka ue;sjrK foaYmd,kh yd
iïnkaO úh' 1931 rdcH uka;%K iNd ue;sjrKhg bÈßm;a jQ fndfyda wfmalaIlhka bx.S%is ixialD;sh
;=< ye§ jevqKq" bx.S%is l;d lrk" fmdÿ ckhdf.ka ÿria: jQ m%N+ka msßila úh¡ kuq;a fudjqka n,hg
m;aùu i|yd nyq;r idudkH ckhdf.a Pkaoh ,nd .ekSu w;HjYH lreKla úh¡ tu ld¾hfha§ Tjqyq
idudkH ck;djg <Õdùu i|yd NslaIqj w;rueÈfhla f,i Ndú;d lrk ,§¡ fuys § m%foaYfha
úydria:dkfha NslaIqjg ;snq f.!rjh u;" NslaIqj iu. in|;d meje;a jQ m%N+ wfmalaIlhkag ck;dj
ish Pkaoh ,nd fok ,È

08 ,dxlsl ck iudch uqyqK ÿka ;j;a iqúfYaI ixÈia:dkhla jkafka uyskaod.ukhhs' Ndr;fha
wêrdcHhd jQ wfYdal rcq iajlSh O¾u ¥; fiajdj rgj,a kjhla mqrd jHdma; l< w;r Y%S ,xldj fj;
O¾uh m%pdrh lsÍfï j.lSu ;u mq;a ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiag mjrk ,§' wfYdal rcq iy tjlg
,xldfõ rdcH;ajhg Wreulï lS fojeks mE;sia rcq w;r mej;s ñ;=ou ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a úh'
uyskaod.ukh ;=<ska isÿ jQfha nqÿrcdKka jykafia f;jrlau ,xldjg jevu lr wkq±k jod< O¾uh
kej; fmdaIKh lrñka m<uq jrg NslaIq Ydikh msysgj q d Wmiïmod NslaIq mrmqla ìys lsÍuh'
uyskaod.ukhg fmr isá ish¨ rcjrekag Wmfoia §fï ld¾hh mejrefKa mqfrdays; n%dyauKfhl=gh'
fuh Ndr;Sh ixialD;sl iïm%odh jQ kuq;a uyskaod.ukfhka miq rcq nqÿ oyu je<| .ekSu;a iuÕ
rcqf.a WmfoaYl njg m;a jQfha uyd ix>r;akhhs' wfYdal rcqf.a ÈhKsh jQ ix>ñ;a;d f;rKsh Y%S
uyd fndaêfha oCIsK YdLdjla furgg jevu lrjk ,o w;r f;rKsh iuÕ Ys,am fY%aKs 18 la iy
l,d Ys,am 64 l msßi ixl%uKh úh' Tjqka wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkakrej wd§ m%foaY j, jHdma; jQ
w;r iajlSh {dkh furg jeishka iuÕ fnod .;af;ah' tys m%;sM,h jQfha furg iudch jHqyd;aulj
iy .=Kd;aulj m%n, fjkilg ,la ùuh' uyskaod.ukh iy ÿñkaod.ukh ,dxlsl ixialD;sfha
iaj¾Kuh ixÈia:dkhka jQ w;r mßmd,k l%shdj,sh" wOHdmk ls%hdj,sh" wd¾Ól lghq;= we;=¿ ish¨
fCIa;%hka úêu;a fjkilg ,la úh'

2 rdcH fiajd ;r. úNd. ioyd ks¾udKd;aul úYaf,aIKd;aul yd ikaksfõok l=i,;d

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^02.& my; olafjk mdGh lshjd tys jpk ixLHdj ;=fkka tlla muKla jk fia idrdxY fldg ,shd fhda.H
ud;Dldjla o fhdokak ¡
j¾;udkfha oS Y%S ,xldjg wjYH wdydrj,ska" tkï" OdkH" udxYfnda." udΩ yd uia" t<j¿Ω yd m<;=re
wdosfhka jeämqr fldgila rg ;=< ksIamdokh lrhs' úfYaIfhkau" rfÜ m%Odk wdydrh jk iy,a wjYH;djfhka
idudkH jYfhka ishhg 95 l muK m%udKhla rg ;=<u ksIamdok lrk w;r b;srsh wdkhkh lrkq ,nhs' ;srs.=
wjYH;djh iïmq¾Kfhkau wdkhkh u.ska imqrd .efka' we;eï u;aiH ksIamdok" tkï" áka udΩ yd lrj, wdkhkh
lrk kuq;a" wdydr iqrlaIs;djfha fmdaIKuh jYfhka jeo.;a ix>glhla jk wΩ¿;a udΩ¿ wjYH;djh iïmQ¾Kfhkau
mdfya rg ;=<skau ksIamdokh flf¾' j¾;udk iuia; foaYSh lsrs ksIamdokh u.ska imqrd,kafka cd;sl lsrs
wjYH;djfhka wdikak jYfhka ishhg 30 la muKs◊' nv brs.= lv, iy fjk;a OdkH$udxYfnda. iy w¾;dm,a"
usrsia" f,dl= ¿ΩEKq jeks fjk;a fnda.hka rg ;=<u ksIamdokh lsrSug yelshdj we;;a tAjdfhys j¾;udk foaYSh
ksIamdok uÜgu tu fnda.hkaf.a cd;sl wjYH;djh imqrd,Sug ;rï m%udKj;a fkdfõ' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" rfÜ
wdydr wjYH;djfhka fldgila wdkhkhka ;=<ska imqrd.kq ,nhs
foaYSh ksIamdokh jeä ùu fyda wdkhkh cd;sl wdydr iemhqu by< kxjkq we;' flfia fj;;a" wvq wdodhï
;;a;ajh yd uQ,sl wdydr øjHhkaf.a ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka os<soq mjq,aj,g Tjqkf a .a uQ,sl wdydr
øjH ,nd.ekSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a l=gqïN wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh <.dlr .ekSu wiSre fjhs' os<soqlu wvqlr .ekSfuys
,d ld,h;a iu. Y%S ,xldj ie,lsh hq;= oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k we;' jir 2000 oS ishhg 22 la jQ os<soq l=gqïN
m%;sY;h yd ii|k úg 2007 oS th ishhg 15'2 olajd wvq ù we;' tfia jqj;a" osjhsfkys we;eï m%foaYj, yd j;=
wxYfhys fuu wkqmd;h ishhg 27 isg ishhg 34 olajd muK by< w.hla .kS' tu ksid" Y%S ,xldfõ wdydr
iqrlaIs;;djh jeä oshqKq lsrSu Wfoid os<soqlu wvq lsrf
S ï m%h;akhka wLKavj mj;ajd.ekSu wjYH fjhs'
iudk wdodhï uÜgï iys; fndfyda rgj,a yd iei£fï oS Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl fi!LH o¾Ylhka tu rgj,g
jvd hym;a ;;a;ajhl mj;S' tfia kuq;a" Y%S ,xldfõ ukaofmdaIKh ms<sn| we;eï o¾Ylhka ;ju;a by< uÜgul
mj;shs' Y%S ,xld m%cd úoHd;aul yd fi!LH iólaIKhg ^2006-2007& wkqj" Y%S ,xldfõ jhi wjqre 5 g jvd wvq
<uqkaf.ka ishhg 18 la jhig wod< Wiska wvq nj;a" ishhg 15 la Wig wkqj ;sìh hq;= nrg jvd wvq nj;a" ishhg
22 la wod< jhig ;sìh hq;= nr fkdue;s nj;a" ishhg 4 la W.% f,i nr wvq nj;a" fmkajd oS we;' tfiau" osklg
wdydrj,ska ,nd.;hq;= wju le,rs m%udKhg jvd wvq le,rs m%udKhla ,nk ck.yKh ishhg 51 la ;rï ie<lsh
hq;= by< w.hla .kshs
ud;Dldj -
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 rdcH fiajd ;r. úNd. ioyd ks¾udKd;aul úYaf,aIKd;aul yd ikaksfõok l=i,;d

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03. පහත දැක්වෙන පාඨෙ කිෙො ඊට ෙටින් සපො ඇති ප්‍රශ්නෙලට පිළිතුරු සපෙන්න
w;a fnfy;a hkq ´kEu ixialD;shl mj;sk w;S; ffjoH oekqï iïNdrfha Wreuhla jk w;r th
úfYaIfhka u wdishd;sl rgj, fi!LH myiqlï wvq msáir m%foaY fnfyúka m%p,s; ir, m%;sldr
moaO;shla f,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' w;a fnfy;a ffjoH Wmfoia j,ska f;drj idod.; yels w;r frday,a
j,ska m%;sldr .kakd uÜgug we;s frda. mjd tA u.ska ir,ju iqj lr .; yels njg wfma w;aoelSuhs'
w;afnfy;a fyj;a .Dyia: T!IO i|yd fhdod .kakd fnfy;a uq¿;ekaf.hska" f.j;af;ka" fyda
le<Efjka fidhd .; yels tAjd jk fyhska tAjd .ek b;d meyeÈ,s oekqula merKshka yg ;sìK'
tfiau fuu w;a fnfy;a ñ, uqo,a" ld,h wdÈh wmf;a fkdhjd ksjfia§u idod.; yels ir, m%;sldr
l%u jk w;r tu.ska hï frda.S ;;ajhla iqjm;a lr .ekSu ksid b;sÍ jk uqo, yd ld,h o Bg
fkdfofjksh' hï frda.hla je<ÿKq úg ffjoH Wmfoia me;Su idudkH mqreoaola jqjo frda. ,laIK
oekqk úg th jeä ÈhqKq ùug fmr w;a fnfy;aj,ska frda. md,kh lsÍug fukau iuyr úg thskau
frda.h iqjùuo olakg ,efí' tu ksid uqo,a yd ld,h b;sßlr .ekSug wu;rj iajNdúl wuqøjH
j,ska idod .kakd neúka w;=re wdndO we;s fkdù frda.fha uq,a wjia:dfõ§u iq¿ m%;l s drhla u.ska
iqjh ,nd.; ùu fuys we;s ;j;a jdishls' úfYaIfhka jeàï" ;e,Sï" iSÍï" iq¿ ;=jd," lDñ oIag" fydß"
oo" jK" l=IaG" wðrK" w;Sidrh" jukh" mKq wudre" jd; fõokd" ysiroh wdÈhg fuu w;a fnfy;a
u.ska iykh ,ndÈh yelsh' .Dyia: m%;sldr fyj;a zw;a fnfy;aZ ms<sn|j Y%S ,dxlsl wm yg §¾>
b;sydihla ;sfnk w;r th iïm%odhla f,i mj;ajd f.k tAug wfma uq;k = añ;a;ka iu;aù we;'

fuu iïm%odfha u ;j;a jeo.;a idOlhla jQfha idudkH ck;dj iy .DyKshka ;=< tÈfkod
fi!LH .eg¿ iïnkaOfhka ;snQ by< oekqu iy wjfndaOhhs' tfiau tu oekqu iuÕ ðjk l=i,;d
iuqodhla o f.dvke.=Kq w;r Bg iß,k mdßißl idOl o ixrlaIKh lsÍug j.n,d.;a iudchla
w;S;fha úh' fuu oekqu ld,h;a iuÕ w;ayod n,k ,o ixialD;sluh foAm<la f,i iudch ;=<
f.!rjhg md;% jQ jákd Wreuhla fõ' tu oekqu mrmqfrka mrmqrg ffjoH iïm%odhka jYfhka fuka
u idudkH ck;dj ;=< .Dy m%;sldr jYfhka o ÈhqKq fjñka j¾;udkh olajd u mj;S' fun÷ m%;sldr
iy w;a fnfy;a ld,h úiska m%;sM, ;yjqre lrk ,o tfiau w;a;ïudf.ka mej; tk wïudf.ka
W.;a oekqulg;a jvd m%dfhda.slj m%fhdackhg .kakd l=i,;djla ksid tAjd <orejkag mjd fhÿfõ
mdrïmßl {dkh flf¾ we;s úYajdih ksid h' fun÷ w;a fnfy;a iudch ;=< m%p,s; fldg ck;djg
yqre lsÍfuka cd;sl uÜgfuka fi!LH fiajh fjkqfjka rchg jehfjk uqo,ska iEfyk m%udKhla
wvqlr .; yelsfjkjd fukau frday,a ;onoh o wju lr .; yelsh' wkdÈu;a ld,hla mqrd w;aÿgq
m%;sM, iys; ir, m%;sldr l%uhla jk w;afnfy;a moaO;sh ck.; lsÍfuka fi!LHh i|yd T!IO
ñ<§ .ekSug ck;dj fmd<Ujk fjf<| oekaùï úYajdi lsÍfï mrdëk udkisl;ajh o l%ufhka ch.; yels
jkq we;

(i) වෙෙ පාඨවේ අරමුණ කුෙක්ද?

(ii) අත් වෙවහත් ජන සොජෙ තුළ ප්‍රචලිත ෙළ යුතු ෙෙ ෙතුෙරො පෙසන්වන් ෙෙර වහ්තුන් නිසාද?

(iii) අත් වෙවහත් ක්‍රෙ ෙගින් වහළි වෙවරන විවශ්ෂ ලක්ෂණ ෙෙවේද?
4 rdcH fiajd ;r. úNd. ioyd ks¾udKd;aul úYaf,aIKd;aul yd ikaksfõok l=i,;d
m%ùK foaYl wfYaka wfír;ak 071-9000784 $ 077-5508484 (International Relations, Colombo)