Extra Reflection
Extra Reflection
Learning is an active processUnlike in the traditional passive view of teaching and learning where the
student was a blank slate ready to be filled with knowledge, in constructivism, learners have to
construct their own understanding by being engaged actively with the world around them through
real-world problem solving and experiments (McLeod, 2019). For learners to understand, they
have to make meaningful connections between past knowledge, prior knowledge and the entire
learning process from information received either actively or passively.Knowledge is actively
constructedThe central idea behind constructivism is that learning is actively constructed and individuals
learn by building knowledge from and onto already pre-existing knowledge. This prior knowledge
forms the foundation of newly learned experiences (McLeod, 2019). It dismisses the idea that
knowledge can be innately or passively received.All knowledge is socially constructedThis principle
states that teaching and learning involve sharing and bargaining socially created knowledge
(McLeod, 2019). Learning is something that is done together through interactions. It encourages
active collaboration in the pursuit of learning.Knowledge is personalThis principle negates the view that
knowledge is socially constructed by stating that every learner has their own unique perspective based
on prior value, ideas and knowledge (McLeod, 2019). This means that different learners taking the same
lesson or going through a similar experience will ultimately learn differently according to their own
specific interpretations.Learning exists in the mindLearners constantly develop their unique mental
perceptions of the real world from their own view of that world. Constructivism states that
knowledge is only existent in the mind and does not fit any reality in the real world. Learners
continually modify their own mental perceptions to mirror new information and subsequently make
their own apprehension of reality.There are three main forms of constructivism which are; social
constructivism that is based on the work of Lev Vygotsky, radical constructivism, and cognitive
constructivismbased on Jean Piaget’s (1896-1980) work. According to the GSI Teaching and Resource
Centre (2015), cognitive constructivism states that learning is relative to the stage of a learner’s
cognitive development as knowledge is actively constructed on the cognitive structures that are in
existence.A teacher who values students’ participation will uphold constructivism by conducting
experiments, creating discussion groups, organizing excursions, handing out periodical
questionnaires, assigning individual and group projects, holding debate sessions, ensuring that all
students participate in class and emphasizing on journaling by and suggestions from the students.
REFLECTION
The Research Based Learning Models that I use for the classroom instruction are the
following:Cooperative Learning- anchored on Constructivism- the constructivist theory is
basedaround the idea that learners are active participants in their learning journey; knowledge
isconstructed based on experiences. As events occur, each person reflects on their experienceand
incorporates the new ideas with their prior knowledge. Also, this learning approach isanchored
also to Progressivism, an educational movement started by John Dewey that saysthat students learn
through their own experiences. Progressivism revolves around the students'needs, including teaching
students to be good citizens as well as good learners, a conceptknown as focusing on the whole
child.Multiple Intelligences- anchored on Existentialism, a philosophical theory that people arefree
agents who have control over their choices and actions. Existentialists believe that everyindividual is
unique and education must cater to the individual differences. Therefore, theobjective of
education is to enable every individual to develop his unique qualities, to harnesshis potentialities and
cultivate his individualities