‎A ‎Anterior Epithelium ‎'Non-keratinised'

‎B ‎Bowman's Membrane

‎C ‎Collagenous Stroma

‎D ‎Descemet Membrane
‎ ornea (Clear) - 5 layers from anterior to
C
‎posterior ‎E ‎Endothelium

‎Episclera

‎Cornea and sclera = outer protective coat

‎Stroma
‎Scleral proper
‎ clera (Solid/Opaque) - 3 layers from
S
‎anterior to posterior ‎Lamina Fusca

‎Outermost Lipid layer ‎from Meibomian Gland

‎rich in stem cells
‎Middle Aqueous Layer ‎from Lacrimal Gland

‎Inner Mucin Layer ‎from conjunctival goblet cells

‎Junction between C and S = Limbus ‎Pre-corneal tear film

‎Frontal, Zygoma, Maxilla, Sphenoid ‎4 Large bones

‎Ethmoid, Lacrimal, Palatine ‎3 Small bones

‎Constricts on light
‎7 bones forming 4 walls

‎Lesser wing of Sphenoid

‎Roof
i‎f DILATES on showing light => Optic nerve/
‎Frontal bone - orbital plate
‎afferent dysfunction = RAPD (Relative
‎Afferent Pupillary Defect)
‎Zygoma

‎Dilates in dark
‎Maxilla -orbital plate ‎Floor
‎Aperture = Pupil
‎Iris
‎Blow out # of orbit = floor # ‎Palatine

‎Maxilla - frontal process

‎Lacrimal bone ‎ arasympathetic - Short Ciliary Nerve -

P
‎Sphincter pupillae = constricts pupil
‎branch of 3rd N

‎Bony Orbit ‎Dr Pranesh ‎Dilator pupillae = dilates pupil ‎Sympathetic - Long Ciliary Nerve

‎Muscles
‎Ethmoidal bone - orbital plate ‎Medial Wall (weakest wall)

‎4 walls

‎ hin paper-like bone= Lamina Papyracea -

T ‎https://www.youtube.com/@pranesh
‎risk of orbital cellulitis from ethmoidal sinusitis ‎https://www.facebook.com/ophthalcrux/ ‎ eakness of accomodation > 40 yr =
W
‎Ciliary muscle
‎Presbyopia
‎Body of Sphenoid

‎Zygoma ‎ ontracts to increase optical power on near

c
‎Lateral Wall (strongest wall) ‎vision = Accomodation
‎Greater Wing of Sphenoid

‎Superior Orbital Fissure

‎Open angle glaucoma
‎2 Fissures
‎3 coats/ tunics of Eyeball
‎Inferior Orbital Fissure
‎Orbit + contents
‎Transmits optic nerve ‎Optic Foramen ‎1 Foramen

‎ iliary Body (2 zones: Pars plana + Pars

C ‎TM blocked by debris = normal AC depth
‎Uvea = Middle vascular coat
‎Plicata) ‎ ecrete aqueous from Posterior Chamber
S
‎into Anterior Chamber (AC) through pupil - ‎ educed/ blocked drainage of Aqueous =
R
‎Orbital Apex ‎and drained at the angle of AC through ‎increase in IOP = Optic N damage ->
‎Trabecular Meshwork (TM) ‎GLAUCOMA
‎Fat
‎Closed angle glaucoma

‎Elevation ‎3rd N = Oculomotor N ‎Superior Rectus

‎Ciliary Processes
‎Iridocorneal angle closes = shallow AC depth
‎Depression ‎3rd N ‎Inferior Rectus

‎Adduction ‎3rd N ‎Medial Rectus

‎ Recti (originate from the common
4
‎Abduction ‎6th N ‎Lateral Rectus ‎tendinous ring of Zinn and insert at various
‎points on sclera)

‎ ends fibres to keep Lens in position = Ciliary

S
‎Zonules

‎ th N = Troclear N (since it winds around

4
‎Intorsion
‎trochlea) ‎Suprachoroidal space
‎Ptosis ‎LPS palsy
‎Layer of Large vessels
‎EOM
‎Ophthalmoplegia ‎EOM palsy
‎Choroid ‎between sclera and retina ‎Layer of small vessels
‎Look for intracranial aneurysm ‎Dilated pupil - Mydriasis ‎Sphincter pupillae plasy
‎3rd N palsy ‎Superior Oblique (SO) ‎Choriocapillaries

‎2 Oblique ‎ icroscopic anatomy - 5 layers (posterior to

M ‎Bruch's membrane
‎anterior/ from sclera to retina)

‎1. Retinal Pigment Epithelium ‎forms Outer Blood Retinal Barrier

‎Rods = Night Vision

‎2. Layer of Rods and Cones (Photoreceptors)
‎Cones = Day vision, colour vision, curvature
‎Ptosis ‎Muller's palsy ‎Extorsion ‎3rd N
‎3. External limiting membrane
‎Miosis ‎Dilator pupillae palsy
‎4. Outer nuclear layer

‎Horner's Syndrome - Sympathetic palsy

‎Microscopic anatomy ‎5. Outer plexiform layer

‎6. Inner nuclear layer

‎SO4, LR6, Rest 3 1‎ 0 layers (from choroid to vitreous/ posterior
‎Inferior Oblique ‎ part from RPE, the other 9 layers form
A
‎to anterior) ‎7. Inner plexiform layer ‎Separation between NSR and RPE
‎neurosensory retina (NSR)

‎8. Ganglion cell layer ‎Normal OCT Anatomy

‎Retinal Detachment
‎9. Nerve fibre layer ‎enters Optic disc as neuroretinal rim
‎Open eye lids ‎3rd N ‎Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) ‎Eye as a 'Ball with a tail'
‎10. Inner limiting membrane

‎ANATOMY OF THE EYE ‎Arteries

‎3rd N Palsy = Ptosis
‎Retina = Inner Nervous coat (transparent) ‎Blood vessels ‎Veins
‎Open eye lids ‎Sympathetic supply ‎Muller's Muscle ‎3 muscles ‎Cup
‎Capillaries ‎Forms Inner Blood retina barrier

‎ aximum visual acuity due to high

M
‎concentration of cones
‎Closure of lids ‎7th N ‎Orbicularis Oculi
‎ ovea = central part of macula = thinnest
F
‎area of retina
‎7th N Palsy = Lagophthalmos ‎The House
‎ entral part = Macula Lutea - temporal to
C
‎Gross anatomy ‎disc

‎Prone for edema = Macular edema

‎Peripheral part ‎ends as ora serrata

‎Normal = Orange
‎Look for 3 Cs in Optic Disc ‎Colour of NRR

‎Optic Cup = relatively pale central excavation

‎Doors = Eye Lids

‎Blocked - Chalazion

‎Neuroretinal rim (NRR) = orange ‎Loss of NRR in Glaucoma

‎Meibomian Gland ‎ ptic Nerve Head = Optic Disc = Intraocular
O
‎part - always nasal to macula l‎eads to increased Cup Disc Ratio (CDR) = '
‎The Tail that goes to brain = Optic Nerve ‎cupping'
‎3 glands
‎Intraorbital part ‎Pale => Atrophy

‎3 Parts of Optic Nerve ‎Intracanalicular part ‎Flat = normal

‎Gland of Zeiss

‎Intracranial part
‎Contour
‎Blocked - Stye
‎Outer thin covering = Capsule ‎Loss of lens transparency = Cataract
‎ ost extraction - after placement of
P
‎Blocked - Stye ‎Gland of Moll ‎Cataractous lens ‎intraocular lens
‎Crystalline Lens ‎Inner = Cortex

‎Innermost dense Nucleus

‎Layers of clear lens

‎Drainage of Aqueous at TM ‎Trabecular outflow ‎Elevated/ blurred margins= Edema

‎Orbital part
‎Secretion of Tears
‎Schwalbe Line
‎Lacrimal part ‎Corners of AC = Angle of AC
‎TM + Schlemm Canal
‎Inside the ball
‎Scleral Spur
‎Lacrimal Gland
‎Anterior Chamber ‎between cornea and iris
‎Ciliary Body Band
‎ Structures of Angle (anterior to posterior)
5
‎Peripheral iris/ Root of iris
‎Acute ‎seen on Gonioscopy
‎Dacryocystitis ‎Inflammation of Lac sac
‎Superior and inferior puncta ‎External H2O supply = Lacrimal Apparatus ‎Space is filled with Aqueous Humour

‎Superior and inferior canaliculi ‎Posterior Chamber ‎between iris and lens ‎Space is filled with Aqueous Humour
‎Blockage of Drainage ‎Drainage of Tears
‎Lacrimal Sac
‎Chronic ‎Optic disc
‎Nasolacrimal duct ‎3 spaces
‎Profuse tearing/ Epiphora ‎Vitreous base (strongest)

‎Vitreous Chamber/ Cavity ‎between lens and retina ‎Space is filled with transparent Vitreous gel ‎Blood vessels
‎Lacrimal Drainage system
‎Macula
‎Tarsal

‎Posterior lens capsule

‎Marginal ‎Lines the lids, lid margin and orbit ‎Palpebral ‎Areas of strong attachments

‎Orbital

‎Scleral
‎ ines the eyeball ie. overlying sclera and
L
‎Bulbar
‎limbus (NOT CORNEA)
‎Limbal

‎3 parts of Conjunctiva

‎ onnection between the ball and the

C
‎doors = Conjunctiva
‎Junction between Palpebral and Bulbar ‎Forniceal

‎where eyedrop/ ointment placed