SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN OF
3 STORY RC BUILDING
(EQUIVALNT LATERAL FORCES)

USING ETABS ULTIMATE 19.0.2

(NBC 105:2020)

A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT FOR 3

STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING OF MRS. JANAKI BANIYA
DECLERATION OF REPORT

I, consultant/designer issuing this repudiation letter on behalf of final structural analysis and design report
for Mrs. Janaki Baniya during and after construction of proposed super structure.

The site supervisions and quality test of the different constructions materials of the proposed building do
not under taken by the consultant. Hence any failure or error occurred with the building due to non-
implementation of the recommendations made in this report and structural drawing or due to improper
construction will not be the responsibility of the consultant/designer.

The structural analysis has been completed on the assumptions that the proposed building shall be
constructed under the proper supervisions of skilled technical manpower.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the client or the
contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the alterations to the non-structural
system is made such that the weight of each individual floor or the weight of the building.

Er. Khim Bahadur Khadka

BE Civil
NEC Reg. No. 13908 “A”

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Building Description
This document presents the overall methodology and the key results of the structural design of structural
components of RC moment resisting frame system.
Building Information
Applicant Name : Janaki Baniya
Building Purpose : Residential
House Owner Name : Janaki Baniya
Land Area (as per Lal Purja) : 93.12 Sq. m.
Plinth Area : 55.65 Sq. m.
Building Class : Class B Building
Address : Ward No: 2

BUILDING #AS PER

REMARKS
ELEMENTS SUBMITTED
ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING PURPOSE

STAIRCASE
Min. Tread of Staircase excluding nosing (in mm) 254
Riser of Staircase (in mm) 175
Clear width of Staircase - Residential (in mm) 2209.8
Height of Handrail (mm) 1000
Max. no. of riser per flight (Nos) 11
Max. head room under staircase from the nosing of the tread
(mm) 2000

EXIT
Max. travel distance to exit point in each floor (m) 30
Min. width of exit door including frame (mm) 1200
Min. Height of exit door including frame (mm) 2100
Shutter opening of exit door to staircase & public passage Inwards
Total width of exit door (mm) 1200

LIGHT & VENTILATION

Min. opening area of window for lighting largest habitable
2.25 1.5m x 1.5m
room from external wall (sq.m)
Min. opening area of natural ventilator for largest habitable
2.25 1.5m x 1.5m
room from external wall (sq.m)
Min. size of ventilator for water closets and bathroom (sq.m) 1.5

LIFTS
Total Height of the Building (m) 9.6
Provision of Lift No
No. of Lift per bank (Nos) 0

OTHER
Provision of fire escape and fire safety No

PARAPET HEIGHTS
Height of parapet wall & balcony handrail (mm) 1000

REQUIREMENT FOR THE PHYSICALLY DISABLED

Is there a provision of separate entrance for disabled people
No
next to the primary entrance of a building?
Max. gradient for wheel chair ramp at entrance of building 01:08
Min. width of wheel chair ramp at entrance of building (mm) 800
STRUCTURAL DATA
AS PER
BUILDING ELEMENTS SUBMITTED REMARKS
DESIGN
GENERAL
RCC Frame
Building Structure Type
Structure
Number of storeys considered in Structural design (in Nos.) 3
If Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used, please state the ETABS
name of the Software package 2019.0.2
Total height (h) of structure with extension (in m) 9.6

NBC 101-1994 MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS

Stone Masonry
RCC
Materials to be used in structure (choose the listed materials
(Reinforcement
that will be used in structural element
Bar)

NBC 102-1994 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

Specify the design unit weight of materials: RCC (in kN/m3) 25
Specify the design unit weight of materials: Brick Masonry
(in kN/m3) 19.2

NBC 103-1994 OCCUPANCY LOAD (IMPOSED LOAD)

Occupancy Load (Uniformly Distributed load in kN/m2) for
2
Rooms and Kitchen
Occupancy Load (Uniformly Distributed load in KN/m2) for
3
Corridors, Staircase, Store
Occupancy Load (Uniformly Distributed load in KN/m2) for
3
Balcony

NBC 104-1994 WIND LOAD

Wind Zone 1
Basic wind speed (m/s) 0.47
NBC 105-(2077) / IS 1893(2016) SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDINGS IN NEPAL
Adopted Code for Seismic Design NBC 105:2077
Seismic
Method adopted for eathquake resistant design Coefficient Clause: 3.2.1
Approach
Subsoil category B Clause: 4.1.3.2
Approximate fundamental period of Vibration (sec) 0.409 Clause: 5.1.2
Amplified period of vibration,T1(sec) 0.511 Clause: 5.1.3
Spectral Shape Factor, Ch(T) 2.5 Clause: 4.1.2
Seismic zoning factor (Z) 0.3 Clause: 4.1.4
Ultimate Limite
Which one method is critical for structural design?
State (ULS)
Elastic Site Spectra for ULS, C(T) 0.75 Clause: 4.1.1
Ductility factor for ULS, Ru 4 Clause: 5.4.2
Overstrength Factor for ULS, Ωu 1.5 Clause: 5.4.2
Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient for ULS, Cd(T) 0.125 Clause: 6.1.1
Importance Factor (I) 1 Clause: 4.1.5
Seismic Weight (W) (in kN) 2340.5539 Clause: 5.2
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear, V For ULS 292.57 Clause: 6.2
Design Deflection for ULS (in mm) 79.716
Maximum Inter-story Drift in ULS(mm) 8.0512 Clause: 5.6.3
Corresponding Storey height for Maximum Inter-Storey Drift
3.2
(h)
Inter-story Drift Ratio in ULS 0.025 Clause: 5.6.3

NBC 106-1994 SNOW LOAD

Snowfall type or condition No

NBC 107-1994 PROVISIONAL RECOMMENDATION ON FIRE SAFETY

Have you considered fire safety requirement? No

NBC 108-1994 SITE CONSIDERATION FOR SEISMIC HAZARDS

Whether distance of construction site from toe/beginning of
downward slope is within 50m? No
Whether distance of construction site from river bank is
within 50m? No
Availability of soil test report No

NBC 114-1994 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

Are you sure that all safety measures will be fulfilled in the
construction site as per this code? Yes

Saftey Hard Hat

Safety wares use Saftey Goggles
Saftey Boots
Saftey Belts
First Aid Facility
STRUCTURAL DATA FOR FRAMED RCC STRUCTURE
NBC 110-1994 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

Concrete grade in structure M20

Reinforcement Steel Grade Fe 500

Slab Design
1 Long Side
Boundary Condition of Slab
Discontinous
Effective Thickness of Slab (d) (in mm) 108
Short Span of Critical Slab Panel (L) (in mm) 3175
Calculated short span to effective depth ratio (L/d) for
29.40
corresponding slab
Basic (L/d) ratio 23
Required modification factor for tension reinforcement 1.28
Required Tension Reinforcement (Ast) Percentage (%) for
0.12
short span bottom reinforcement
Provided Tension Reinforcement (Ast) Percentage (%) for
0.26
short span bottom reinforcement
Actual Modification factor for tension reinforcement 1.5

Check for Critical beam

Effective depth of beam (d) (in mm) 314
Critical span (L) (in mm) 4572
One Side
Support condition Continous
Basic (L/d) ratio 23 IS: 456:2002
Calculated Critical Span to effective depth ratio (L/d) 14.56

Check for Critical Column

Critical column length 3.2
Short column effect considered or not Yes
Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement provided (%) 0.8 IS: 456:2002
Limit State
Design Philosophy Method

Lateral Load Resisiting System

Load Combinations (NBC) Clause: 3.6.1
1:DL 1.5
1:LL 1.2
2:DL 1
2:LL 0.3
2:EQ 1
3:DL
3:EQ
Whether sample design calculations of foundations, columns,
beams and slabs are submitted Yes

FOUNDATION
-
-
Strap
Type of Foundations -
-

Depth of foundation from ground level to the buttom of

1.5
footing (in m)
Size of Foundation (in m) 1.5
1.2 Structural System
RC special moment resisting frame system using reinforced concrete is used to carry the gravity load as well
as to resist the lateral loads. RC footings are used to transfer the load of the building to supporting soil. The
components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the following table.
Table 1 Component of Structural System
Structural System Element Typical Component Types

RC special moment resisting Foundation Raft Foundation

frame system Beams and Column Reinforced concrete
Plinth Beams Reinforced concrete
Walls Brick Masonry with cement mortar

1.3 Codes, Standards and References

The basic building codes referred are listed below. However, specific applications of those code provisions
are discussed in the corresponding sections.

Building codes

 Seismic design of buildings in Nepal NBC 105:2020

 Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice, IS 456:2000
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, IS 875 (Part
1): 1987
 Codes of Practice for Design Loads (other than earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, IS 875 (Part
2): 1987
 Wind load Analysis, IS 875(part-3):1987
 Ductile Detailing of RC structures NBC 105:2020
Other references

 Related research papers and reports.

2 BASIC MATERIALS
2.1 Concrete
The minimum compressive strength measured at 28 days, for the cube specimen used in different types of
structural components are shown in the following table.
Table 1 Concrete used in structural components
Member f'c (Nominal) (MPa)
Footings 20
Beams 20
Plinth beams, Lintel 20
Column 20
The properties of concrete chosen are as follows:

Density : 25 KN/m3
Poisson’s ratio : 0.2
Modulus of elasticity : 22360 N/mm2
2.2 Reinforcement steel (Rebar)
Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design should be of strength 500 MPa.

Density : 76.97 KN/m3

Poisson’s ratio : 0.3
Modulus of elasticity : 200000 N/mm2

2.3 Soil Bearing Capacity

Soil type II is assumed in the current design. The allowable bearing capacity is approximately assumed as 150
KN/m2.

2.4 Data Entry in Software

This chapter provides model geometry information, including items such as story levels, point coordinates,
and element connectivity.

2.4.1 Story data

Table 2 Story data
Name Height Elevation Master Story Similar To Splice Story
m mm
ROOF 3.2 9.6 No None No
2ND FLOOR 3.2 6.4 No 1ST FLOOR No
1ST FLOOR 3.2 3.2 YES None No
Base 0 0 No None No

2.4.2 Materials
Table 3 Material properties - Summary
Name Type E ν Unit Weight Design Strengths
MPa kN/m³
HYSD500 Rebar 200000 0.3 76.9729 Fy=500 MPa, Fu=545 MPa
M20 Concrete 22360.68 0.2 24.9926 Fc=20 MPa

2.4.3 Frame Section

Table 4 Frame sections - Summary
Name Material Shape
Beam 230X350 M20 Concrete Rectangular
Col 300X300 M20 Concrete Rectangular
2.4.4 Shell
Table 5 Shell sections - Summary
Name Design Type Element Type Material Total Thickness
mm
Slab127 Slab Membrane M20 127

3 LOADS
3.1 Unit weight of materials
Table 6 unit weight of material
S.N Descriptions Unit weight Reference
1 Concrete 25 KN/m³ IS-875(part 1) - 1987
2 Masonry wall 19.2 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-1)
3 Cement Concrete, plain 12.55 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-1)
4 Plaster Punning 20.4 KN/m³ IS-875(part-1)-1987(Table-2)

3.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are considered as
superimposed dead load. Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads
are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements shall be taken from IS
875 (Part 2)-1987 or equivalent.
Table 7 Imposed loads used in analysis
Occupancy or Use Live Load
Rooms 2.0 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, balconies and staircase 3.0 KN/m2
Flat, sloping, curved roofs 1.5 KN/m2
Inaccessible roofs 0.75 KN/m2

3.3 Seismic Load

The basic seismic input shall be determined from NBC 105:2020 based earthquake is used as Design Basis
Earthquake in code-based design.

Inertial loads due to earthquake will be applied at the mass centres of each level. These forces would be
either calculated manually or auto generated by using the Auto Seismic Loads function of the software
ETABS version 19.0.2 and used for analysis. For all structures, the seismic base will be considered at
foundation level.

The Lateral loads for the all building would be resisted by special moment resisting frames.

Equivalent Seismic coefficient method shall be used depending on the building height and geometric
configuration as specified in clause 3.2.1 of NBC 105:2020. Appropriate actions would be taken as
recommended by NBC code for Structural irregularities. Appropriate percentage of imposed load will be
considered in seismic weight calculations as per clause 5.2 of NBC 105:2020.
 Table 8 Seismic Loading parameters
Parameter Value
Zone factor, Z 0.3 (Butwal)
Importance factor 1.0
Soil type II
Ductility factor 4 (SMRF)
Over strength factor 1.5

Figure Seismic Load Pattern define in software (sample for equivalent NBC 105:2020)

3.4 Response spectrum data with function for dynamic analysis

Dynamic analysis has not been carried out for this building as per the condition provided in clause 3.2.1 of
NBC 105:2020. Hence no data has been entered.
3.5 Load Patterns
Table 9 Load pattern used in analysis and design
 Base Shear Calculation
Seismic Design: NBC 105-2020

Type of Seismic Analyis Perf ormed Equivalent Static Method

Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
Height of Building (H) = 9.60 m
Location of a Building = Butwal
Seismic Zoning Factor(Z) = 0.3
Importance Factor (I) = 1
Aprox Fundamenral peroid of Vibration (T) = 0.409 s
Kt = 0.075 For Moment Resisting Concrete
Frame
Amplification Factor = 1.25 Clause 5.1.3
Fundamental peroid of Vibration (Ti) = 0.511 s
Soil Type = B
Spectral Shape Facter Ch (T)

For above soil tpe = B

Ta = 0.1
Tc = 0.7
Alpha (α) = 2.5
K = 1.8
Hence,Spectral Shape Facter Ch (T) = 2.5
Elastic Site Spectra C(T) = 0.75 Clause 4.1.1
Ductility Factor Rμ = 4 Clause 5.3
Over strength Factor Ωu = 1.5 Clause 5.4
Horizantal Base Shear Coef f icient C d(T1) = 0.125 Clause 6.1.1
Seismic Weight of Structure ,W = 2340.5539 KN
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear , V = 292.57 KN Clause 6.2

Exponent Related to the structural Peroid, K = 1.0056 Clause 6.3

 Base Shear Calculation
Seismic Design: NBC 105-2020

Type of Seismic Analyis Perf ormed Equivalent Static Method

SERVICIABILITY STATE (SLS)
Height of Building (H) = 9.60 m
Location of a Building = Butwal
Seismic Zoning Factor(Z) = 0.3
Importance Factor (I) = 1
Aprox Fundamenral peroid of Vibration (T) = 0.409 s
Kt = 0.075 For Moment Resisting Concrete
Frame
Amplification Factor = 1.25 Clause 5.1.3
Fundamental peroid of Vibration (Ti) = 0.511 s
Soil Type = B
Spectral Shape Facter C h (T)

For above soil type = B

Ta = 0.1
Tc = 0.7
Alpha (α) = 2.5
K = 1.8
Hence,Spectral Shape Facter C h (T) = 2.5
Elastic Site Spectra C(T) = 0.15 Clause 4.1.1
Ductility Factor Rμ = 4 Clause 5.3
Over strength Factor Ωs = 1.25 Clause 5.4
Horizantal Base Shear Coeff icient C d(T1) = 0.12 Clause 6.1.1
Seismic Weight of Structure ,W = 2340.5539 KN
Horizontal Seismic Base Shear , V = 280.87 KN Clause 6.2

Exponent Related to the structural Peroid, K = 1.0056 Clause 6.3

3.6 Load Calculations
3.6.1 Slab Load
Table 10 Slab load used in analysis and design
Slab Thickness 127 mm 3.175 KN/m2

3.6.2 Wall Load

Table 11 Load used in analysis as wall loads/partition loads
Type of Wall Thickness Density Opening Height W Load Adopted
m KN/m3 % m KN/m KN/m
9" Wall without 0.230 19.2 0.00 2.845 12.56 12.6
Opening

9" Wall with Opening 0.230 19.2 30.00 2.845 8.79 8.8

4.5" Wall without 0.110 19.2 0.00 2.845 6.28 6.3

Opening

4.5" Wall with 0.110 19.2 30.00 2.845 4.396 4.4

Opening

Parapet Wall 0.110 19.2 0.00 1.00 2.11 2.5

3.7 Load cases

Load cases are the independent loading for which the structure is explicitly analyzed. Earthquake forces
occur in random fashion in all directions. For building whose lateral load resisting elements are oriented in
two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to analyze in these two principal directions (X and Y directions)
separately one at a time. Thus, the load cases adopted are as follows:
 a) Dead Load (DL)
b) Live Load (LL)
c) Earthquake Load in ±ve X-direction
d) Earthquake Load in ±ve Y-direction

3.8 Load combinations for Parallel System

Ultimate strength design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the following table
Clause 3.6.1.
Table 12 Ultimate Strength Design Load Combinations used in Code-based Design
No. Load Combination
1 1.2DL + 1.5LL
2 1.0 DL + 0.3 LL ± 1.0 E

Where: D = Dead load

L = Live load
E = Effects of forces at DBE level

4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

This chapter presents the finite element modeling, analysis and design procedures used in the code-based
design.

4.1 Positioning and orientation of column

Figure 1 Positioning of columns
4.2 Spanning of Slab
Figure 2 Slab dimension, labels and diaphragms

4.3 Wall / Live Loads

In frame structure building wall do not bear any load. As per building code (NBC), or as practice, we have to
assign wall load (self-wt. of wall) to beam.
Figure 3 Wall load as per calculation
 Figure 4 Live loads assign to slabs

4.4 Modeling of Structural System

Figure 5 Modeling of structure

4.5 Analysis Procedures

The analysis has been carried out using a standard software package ETABS v19.0.2 based on finite element
method. The software is capable to carrying out a three dimensional analysis. A three dimensional linear
elastic analysis has been carried out. A model based on rigid diaphragm concept has been considered. This is
done by creating a special joint at the center of mass of each floor level and constraining all the joints at this
level by diaphragm constraint.

The structure is assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. Below plinth beams footing has been provided.
The stiffness contribution of brick walls in the structure has been ignored and the building has been
modeled as a “Bare Frame” with no infill wall panels.

The flange effect of the slab has been neglected. The beams have been modeled as rectangular beams.

Analysis procedures used for code-based design are presented in the following sections

Load cases Analysis type

Static Analysis Linear Static Analysis
Dynamic Analysis Not Considered

4.5.1 Modal Analysis

Modal analysis is carried out to determine the modal properties of the building. 100% of dead load and
superimposed dead load and 30% of live load are considered as mass source in modal analysis. Eigen
analysis is used. Sufficient number of vibration modes shall be considered to achieve at least 90% of
participating mass of the building.

4.5.2 Linear Static Procedure (LSP)

Linear static analysis is carried out for gravity loadings. Gravity load basically includes live load in slab and
distributed load on beams.

4.5.3 Seismic coefficient method

Equivalent seismic coefficient analysis has been carried out as per the clause 6 of NBC 105:2020 code. At
least 90% of the participating mass of the building is considered in each of two orthogonal principal
directions of the building. Orthogonal effects are considered by designing elements for 100 percent of the
prescribed design seismic forces in one direction. 5% constant modal damping is considered in the analysis

The structural components are designed to satisfy the strength and ductility requirements. Strength capacity
for different types of actions considered in the design is summarized in the table below.
Table 13 Design approach
Structural System Component Design Approach/Consideration Code References
Special moment Reinforced Concrete Axial compression, Shear and IS 456 : 2000
resisting frame (Beams, Slab, flexural
system Columns)
Footings Bearing capacity of soil IS 456 : 2000
5 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the residential building. The structural components
were analyzed using static coefficient method. In static analysis, linear static method was adopted.
5.1 Bending Moment Diagram

Figure 6 Sample Bending Moment Diagram of model (1.5(DL+LL))

5.2 Shear Force Diagram

Figure 7 Sample Shear Force Diagram of model (1.5( DL+LL))
5.3 Axial Force Diagram

Figure 8 Sample Axial Force Diagram of model (1.5(DL+LL))

5.4 Deform Shape of Building

Figure 9 Deform shape of Building in various mode shapes

Mode shape analysis is must after the analysis. For mode-1, the period obtained is 0.63 seconds. We can
analyze and design the structure by choosing the nature of deformation as shown above.
Mass participation in first three modes were found within limit

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY RZ SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.567 0.5354 0.0428 54% 4% 0.3173 32%
Modal 2 0.437 0.1146 0.7139 65% 76% 0.0157 33%
Modal 3 0.393 0.2118 0.0805 86% 84% 0.5236 86%
Modal 4 0.195 0.0747 0.007 94% 84% 0.0154 87%
Modal 5 0.176 0.0095 0.1046 95% 95% 0.0005 87%
Modal 6 0.164 0.0233 0.0086 97% 96% 0.0974 97%
Modal 7 0.131 0.013 0.0008 98% 96% 0.0018 97%
Modal 8 0.111 0.0041 0.0341 99% 99% 0.0005 97%
Modal 9 0.094 0.0102 0.0035 100% 100% 0.0221 99%
Modal 10 0.02 0.000001132 0.0006 100% 100% 0.0002 99%
Modal 11 0.018 0.000002476 0.0027 100% 100% 0.0008 100%
Modal 12 0.012 0.0001 0.00002054 100% 100% 0.0001 100%
5.5 Base Shear Calculation Results calculated by ETABS itself

User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX ULS using the
user input coefficients, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 10% for all diaphragms

Factors and Coefficients

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C=0.125

Base Shear, V V =CW

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W V
Direction C
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692
X + Ecc. Y 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692
X - Ecc. Y 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
ROOF 9.6 98.9844 0
2ND FLOOR 6.4 128.826 0
1ST FLOOR 3.2 64.7588 0
Base 0 0 0
User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQY ULS using the user
input coefficients, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 10% for all diaphragms

Factors and Coefficients

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C=0.125

Base Shear, V V =CW

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W V
Direction C
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692
Y + Ecc. X 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692
Y - Ecc. X 0 0 2340.5539 292.5692

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
ROOF 9.6 0 98.9844
2ND FLOOR 6.4 0 128.826
1ST FLOOR 3.2 0 64.7588
Base 0 0 0
User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQX SLS using the
user input coefficients, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 10% for all diaphragms

Factors and Coefficients

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C=0.12

Base Shear, V V =CW

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W V
Direction C
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665
X + Ecc. Y 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665
X - Ecc. Y 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
ROOF 9.6 95.025 0
2ND FLOOR 6.4 123.673 0
1ST FLOOR 3.2 62.1685 0
Base 0 0 0
User Coefficient Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQY SLS using
the user input coefficients, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Factors and Coefficients

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Base Shear Coefficient, C C=0.12

Base Shear, V V =CW

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W V
Direction C
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665
Y + Ecc. X 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665
Y - Ecc. X 0 0 2340.5539 280.8665

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
ROOF 9.6 0 94.8006
2ND FLOOR 6.4 0 123.6614
1ST FLOOR 3.2 0 62.4044
Base 0 0 0
6 PARAMETERS CHECKED AFTER STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURE.

6.1 Modal Mass Participation ratios

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY RZ SumRZ
sec
Modal 1 0.699 0.0135 0.8662 1% 87% 0.0046 0%
Modal 2 0.69 0.8048 0.0169 82% 88% 0.0657 7%
Modal 3 0.634 0.0689 0.001 89% 88% 0.8169 89%
Modal 4 0.235 0.0042 0.0918 89% 98% 0.001 89%
Modal 5 0.233 0.083 0.0051 97% 98% 0.0071 90%
Modal 6 0.214 0.0081 0.0002 98% 98% 0.0866 98%
Modal 7 0.155 0.0088 0.0081 99% 99% 0.0011 98%
Modal 8 0.155 0.0074 0.0104 100% 100% 0.0004 98%
Modal 9 0.142 0.0012 0.0001 100% 100% 0.0165 100%

Modal analysis was performed in order to determine the vibration modes of a building. The first and
second modes of the building are translation in X and Y directions while the third mode is in torsion.
More than 90 % of mass has been participated in FIFTH mode in both directions. The natural periods
and modal participating mass ratios are shown in table above.

Case Mode Period Frequency CircFreq Eigenvalue

sec cyc/sec rad/sec rad²/sec²
Modal 1 0.699 1.431 8.9899 80.8174
Modal 2 0.69 1.45 9.1125 83.0379
Modal 3 0.634 1.576 9.9043 98.0946
Modal 4 0.235 4.256 26.7397 715.013
Modal 5 0.233 4.288 26.9432 725.9338
Modal 6 0.214 4.668 29.3298 860.2401
Modal 7 0.155 6.444 40.4892 1639.3742
Modal 8 0.155 6.471 40.6559 1652.9
Modal 9 0.142 7.03 44.1727 1951.2295

Natural frequencies of the of the various mode is within the limit.

6.2 Maximum Story Drift

6.2.1 Maximum Story Drift (Ultimate Limit State)
 Maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.025/4=0.00625 (Clause 5.6.3) for
Ultimate Limit State whereas the maximum story drift of building is 0.002942
Maximum drift ratio = 0.002942
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe
6.2.2 Maximum Story Drift (Serviceability Limit State)

Maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.006 (Clause 5.6.3) for Serviceability
Limit State whereas the maximum story drift of building is 0.002821
Maximum drift ratio = 0.002821
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe
6.3 Maximum Story Displacement
6.3.1 Maximum Story Displacement (Ultimate Limit State)

Permissible displacement = 0.025 /4 X 9.6 X 1000 = 60mm

Actual maximum displacement = 22.98445 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe
6.3.2 Maximum Story Displacement (Serviceability Limit State)

Permissible displacement = 0.006 X 9.6 X 1000 = 57.6 mm

Actual maximum displacement = 22.046615 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe

6.4 Soft Story Check Ultimate Limit State

Story Output Case Case Type Drift X Stiff X Drift Y Stiff Y
mm kN/m mm kN/m
ROOF EQY ULS LinStatic 0.007 0 4.788 29793.759
2ND FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.042 0 9.342 34397.585
1ST FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.037 0 8.693 47202.016
ROOF EQY ULS LinStatic 0.246 0 4.786 29811.049
2ND FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.594 0 9.336 34419.933
1ST FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.475 0 8.688 47230.254
ROOF EQY ULS LinStatic 0.251 0 4.791 29776.488
2ND FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.539 0 9.348 34375.265
1ST FLOOR EQY ULS LinStatic 0.424 0 8.698 47173.813

Hence no soft story exists in building.

6.5 Member Design Pass Verification

Figure 10 Member design pass verification
6.6 Display Footing Reaction in Tabulated Form
Figure 11 Base reactions in tabulated form
7 SAMPLE DESIGNS OF VARIOUS RCC STRUCTURES
7.1 Design of Slab using excel-sheet (sample)
Sample slab design
Input Parameter
fck 20
fy 500
Slab ID # BC-34

Case: 3. One Long Edge Discontinous

Step 1 Thickness of slab and durability consideration
Clear span
Lx = 3175 mm
Ly = 4572 mm
Span
Assume, Ratio = 23X 1.4 = 32
Depth

d = 98.60 mm
Provide depth d, = 108 mm
Assume clear span cover = 15 mm
Provide 8 mm ф bar, dia = 8 mm
Total depth of slab, D = 127 mm
Effective length
lx = 3.302 mm
ly = 4.691 mm
ly
Since = 1.42 < 2 Design Two way Slab
lx

Step 2 Design Load

Unit weight of concret = 25 KN/m3
Self load of slab = 3.175 KN/m2
Floor fining load = 1 KN/m2
Partition wall load = 0 KN/m2
Dead Load = 4.175 KN/m2
Live Load = 2 KN/m2
Design Load, w = 1.5 (DL+LL) = 9.2625 KN/m2
Considering unit width of slab, w = 9.2625 KN/m

Step 3 Negative Bending Moment coefficient at continuous edge

αx = -0.0638 αy= -0.037 IS 456 2000 Table 26
Positive Bending Moment coefficient at mid span
αx = 0.04783 αy= 0.028
For Short Span
Support Moment, Ms = αx wlx2 = -6.446 KN-m 6445863.67 N-mm
Mid Span Moment, Mm = αx wlx2 = 4.830 KN-m 4830008.838 N-mm
For Long Span
Support Moment, Ms = αy wly2 = -7.542 KN-m 7541553.407 N-mm
Mid Span Moment, Mm = αy wly2 = 5.707 KN-m 5707121.497 N-mm
Max Moment -7.542 KN-m = 7541553.407 N-mm

Step 4 Check for depth from moment consideration

Depth of Slab, d = 52.28 mm
Required Depth Provided Depth
52.283 mm < 108 mm
OK SAFE
Step 5 Calculation of Area of Rebar
2
Min A st 0.12% = 152.4 mm
Consider the unit length of slab
Required area of steel calculated as follows
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast/bd)*(fy/fck))

1 Area of steel along short span (Top bar)

Required As t = 141.936 mm2
Providing 8mm dia bar, Ab = 50.26 mm2
Spacing of Bar , Sv = 354.102 mm
Provide 8mm ф @ 150mm c/c SV = 150
2
Provided As t = 335.067 mm > Min As t 0.12% OK
Pt = 0.26 %
2 Area of steel along mid span (Bottom bar)
Required As t = 105.435 mm2

Providing 8mm dia bar, Ab = 50.26 mm2

Spacing of Bar , Sv = 476.694
Provide 8mm ф @ 150mm c/c SV = 150
Provided As t = 335.067 mm2 > Min As t 0.12% OK
Pt = 0.26 %
3 Area of steel along Long span (Top bar)
Required As t = 167.068 mm2
Providing 8mm dia bar, Ab = 50.26 mm2
Spacing of Bar , Sv = 300.835
Provide 8mm ф @ 150 mm c/c SV = 150
Provided As t = 335.067 mm2 > Min Ast 0.12% OK
Pt = 0.26 %
4 Area of steel along mid span (Bottom bar)
As t = 125.167 mm2

Providing 8mm dia bar, Ab = 50.26 mm2

Spacing of Bar , Sv = 401.543
Provide 8mm ф @ 150 mm c/c SV = 150
Provided As t = 335.067 mm2 > Min Ast 0.12% OK
Pt = 0.26 %

Step 5 Check for shear in shorter side

Maximum shear force, V = 15.29 KN
Pt = 0.26 %
K = 1.3
2
τc = 0.367 N/mm IS 456: 2000 (Table 19)
τv = 0.12 N/mm2
τc > τv
OK SAFE

Step 7 Check For Deflection

fs=0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided = 144.60 N/mm2
Pt provided = 0.26 %
Modifaction factor = 2 IS 456: 2000 (Figure 4)
(L/d)allowable = 46 mm
(L/d)provided = 30.57 mm
(L/d)allowable > (L/d)provided
OK SAFE
 7.2 Design of Staircase using excel-sheet (sample)

Input Parameters
Length of first landing = 0.991 m
Length of second landing = 0.000 m
Going length (G) = 2.032 m
Width of going (W) = 1.067 m
No. of risers = 9
No. of treads = 8
Height of riser = 177 mm
Width of tread = 254 mm
Assume grade of concrete (fck) = M 20
Assume steel (fy) = Fe 500
Modification factor, g (assumed) = 1.45
Thickness of marble finishing = 20 mm
Thickness of screed = 20 mm
Thickness of plaster = 12 mm
3
Unit weight of marble = 26.5 KN/m
Unit weight of screed = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Live load = 3 KN/m2
Assume bar diameter = 10 mm
Effective length of flight = 3.023 m
Effective depth of slab (d) ] 104.2 mm
Assume, d = 107 mm
Total depth of slab, D = 127 mm
Dead load calculation of steps and waist slab
Cross sectional area of step (A1) = 0.022479 sq.m.
Cross sectional area of waist slab (A2) = 0.039318 sq.m.
Total cross sectional area (A) = 0.061797 sq.m.
Dead load of step and waist slab/m/step = 1.544918 KN
Dead load due to floor finish (marble) = 0.53 KN/m
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m
2
Dead load per m plan area = 7.265155 KN
Dead load per meter = 7.75009 KN
Live load per meter = 3.200244 KN
Dead load + Live load = 10.95033 KN
Design load = 16.4255 KN
Dead load calculation of first landing
Dead load = 3.175 KN/m2
Dead load due to marble finish = 0.53 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m2
2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m
Dead load per meter = 4.648674 KN
Live load per meter = 3.200244 KN
Dead load + Live load = 7.848918 KN
Design load = 11.77338 KN
 Dead load calculation of second landing
Dead load = 3.175 KN/m2
Dead load due to marble finish = 0.53 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed = 0.408 KN/m2
2
Dead load due to plaster = 0.2448 KN/m
Dead load per meter = 4.648674 KN
Live load per meter = 3.200244 KN
Dead load + Live load(per m) = 7.848918 KN
Design load(per m) = 11.77338 KN
Calculation of reactions
RA = 20.97039 KN
RB = 24.06837 KN
Point of zero shear force from A = 1.276697 m
Mmax = 13.38642 KN-m
Check depth for moment
Required depth for moment = 67.429 mm
Provided depth, d = 107 mm
Required depth is < Provided depth
O.K. safe
Area of steel
Main reinforcement

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/ 0.29 %
2]

Required Ast = 310.2 mm2

Diameter of rod = 12 mm
Area of rod = 113.1 mm2
no of rod req 3.0
spacing= 364.56 mm
Provide 10mm ф @ 150mm c/c SV = 150 mm
Provided Ast = 754.0 mm2
Provided Pt = 0.70 %
No of Rod Provided 7
Distribution Reinforcement
pt =0.12% of crossectional area of section = 0.12 %
Ast= 152.4 mm2
Assume dia of bar (ф) = 8 mm
Area of bar = 50.3 mm2
Spacing of Bar , Sv = 329.8 mm
Provide 8mm ф @ 200mm c/c SV = 200 mm
Provided Ast = 251.3 mm2

Calculation of Development Length

fss
Ld = = 684 mm
4tbd

Check for shear

Design shear force
Vu = 24.07 KN
Pt = 0.70 %
tc = 0.58 N/mm2 IS 456:2000 (Table 19)
tv = 0.22 N/mm2
tc > tv
O.K. safe
Check for deflection
fs=0.58*fy* Ast required/Ast provided = 119.3 N/mm2
Pt provided = 0.70
α= 20 l = 1
β = 1 d = 1
Modifaction factor g = 1.8
(L/d)Allowable = 36 mm
(L/d)Actual = 28.25 mm

Allowable L/d > Actual L/d

O.K. safe
7.3 Design of Footing using excel-sheet (sample)
Input Parameter
Joint lable Joint location A3-B3-C3
Input Parameter
Column Size C1 = 0.305 m
Column Size C2 = 0.305 m
Column Size C3 = 0.305 m
Load on C1 P1u = 182.7385 kN
Load on C2 P2u = 300.6972 kN
Load on C3 P3u = 251.6236 kN
C/C distance of C1-C2 L1 = 2.4638 m
C/C distance of C2-C3 L2 = 3.175 m
SBC of Soil q = 150 kN/m2
Strength of concrete fck = 20 N/mm2
Strength of rebar fy = 500 N/mm2

Step 1 : Size of Footing

Assuming 10% self weight of the footing
Pu = 735.0593 kN
Unfactored load P = 490.04 kN
Area of footing required A = 3.594 m2
Assume width of footing B = 1.52 m
The distance from the resultant of the column forces to the center of Column C3
X = 0.93 m
Center of gravity of the three footings should coincide with the resultant of the two
column load to ensure uniform soil pressure below the two footings.
Required Lengths, L1 = 0.58 m
L2 = 0.97 m
L3 = 0.84 m
Provide Lengths, L1 = 1.52 m
L2 = 1.52 m
L3 = 1.52 m
Factored Soil Pressure = 104.35 kN/m2
Unfactored Soil Pressure = 69.56 kN/m2
kNm per
Maxium Moment at the face of the strap beam Mu = 19.25
meter run
Depth required from moment criteria dreqd = 84 mm
Provide depth d = 300 mm
Overall depth D = 350 mm
Step 3 : Depth requirement from one way shear criteria
Maximum shear force Vu = 32.09 kN
Assuming 0.2% of steel Ʈc = 0.32 N/mm2
Normal shear stress Ʈv = 0.11 N/mm2
Ʈc > Ʈv
HENCE SAFE
Step 4 : Reinforcement in footing slab
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast/bd)*(fy/fck))
Area of Steel required Ast = 149.48 mm2
Dia of bar Ø = 12 mm
Area of bar AØ = 113.11 mm2
Spacing required = 756.69 mm
Hence provide #12mm Ø bar @ 150 mm c/c as main steel
Ast provided = 754.08 mm2
Pt = 0.251 %
Step 5 : Design of Strap beam
The beam is subjected to a UDL = 158.61 kNm
Point of Zero shear force X = 1.00 m
Positive moment at center of C2 = 18.66 kNm
Positive moment at center of C1 = 1.84 kNm
Positive moment at center of C3 = 19.93 kNm
Maximum negative moment occurs at point of Zero SF
Moment in section C1-C2 column M = -77.40 kNm
Hence maximum moment occure in beam Mu = 77.40 kNm
Moment in section C2-C3 column M = -135.87 kNm
Hence maximum moment occure in beam Mu = 135.87 kNm
Assume width of strap beam b = 350 mm
Depth required from moment criteria
dreqd = 283.07 mm
Provide depth d = 450 mm
Overall depth D = 500 mm
Area of steel required

Now Solving above equation,

Ast = 818.52 mm2
Dia of bar Ø = 20 mm
Area of bar AØ = 314 mm2
Number of bar required = 2.6
Hence provide 3 bars of 20 mm dia at top portion of the beam
Ast provided = 942.6 mm2
Minimum steel Ast min = 229.50
HENCE SAFE
Design for shear
The critical section for shear is at the right face of column C2
Vu = -187.89 kN
Ʈv = 1.39 N/mm2
Pt = 0.38 %
From Table 19 of IS 456 Ʈc = 0.54343111 N/mm2
Ʈc < Ʈv 0
Hence Shear reinforcement required
Vus = 114.53 kN
Using 2 legged 10 mm dia stirrups
Dia of bar Ø = 8 mm
Area of bar AØ = 50.272 mm2
Asv = 100.544 mm2
Sv = 148.19 mm
Hence provide 2 legged 8 mm Ø bar @ 125 mm c/c at support and gradually
increase to 250 mm c/c towards the center of beam

Reinforcement for positive moment

Area of steel required
Mu = 19.93 kNm
Now Solving above equation,
Ast = 103.86 mm2
Dia of bar Ø = 16.00 mm
Area of bar AØ = 201.09 mm2
Number of bar required = 0.52
Hence provide 3 bars of 16 mm dia at bottom portion of the beam
Ast provided = 603.26 mm2
Minimum steel Ast min = 229.50
HENCE SAFE
 7.4 Design of Column by Analysis Software (Sample)
ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1ST FLOOR C9 27 OOL-305X305 DL+0.3LLn-EQY 0 3200 0.855

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
305 305 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
-4.4865 -54.4076 11.1293 0.0897 0.0897 1441 1.55

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.597099 2895 6.9309 0 0.0897
Minor Bend(M2) 0.640627 2895 -33.7759 0 0.0897

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 18.5207 46.1459 30.3776 18.5207 338.07
Minor, Vu3 37.7367 46.1459 30.3776 8.9499 338.07

Joint Shear Check/Design

 Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
930.3 14.4 1377.4512 311.7479 -4.4865 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.905 305 5.668 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.905 305 6.081 12 No 0

Notes:

N/A: Not Applicable

N/C: Not Calculated

N/N: Not Needed

 7.5 Design of Beam by Analysis Software (Sample)

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1ST FLOOR B6 54 BEAM-230X355 DL+0.3LLn-EQY 152.5 4038.6 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 355 230 0 41 41

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-37.8361 0.9707 39.0652 -0.0873

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-37.8361 1.3281 0 -39.1642

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -39.1642 382 1.004E-01 382 130
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 191 1.004E-01 0 191
 Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
39.0652 0 45.8176 20.0951 480.93

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.9707 39.0652 168 243 244.08

7.6 Area of steel for design of main bar

Figure 12 Elevation view for Longitudinal Reinforcement
8 DESIGN SUMMARY
8.1 Footing Design Summary
Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 50 mm
Combined footing with Strap beam summary
Section Location Beam Rebar Dia Ast Ties
Size(mm) Th-Bar Shear
no dia Rein. Dia
Strap Beam (SB) Throughout span 305X500 Top 3 20 942 8
Bottom 3 16 603 8

Isolated Footing design summary

Footing Footing Size (m) Depth Rebar Location in grid

Type (LXB) D d X-Dir (mm) Y-Dir (
mm mm Dia c/c Dia c/c
F1 1.524 X 1.524 350 200 12 150 12 150 In All Grids

8.2 Column Design Summary

Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 40 mm
All Floor Column
Column Type Column Size Ground F. First F. Second F. Grid
C1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3, B4,
C1 12” X 12” 4-16+4-12 4-16+4-12 4-16+4-12 C4

C2 12” X 12” 8#16 4-16+4-12 4-16+4-12 A1, B1

8.3 Beam Design Summery

Design Parameters: Concrete Grade: M20
Steel Grade: Fe 500
Clear Cover: 30 mm
Plinth Beam
Dia Total Lateral Ties
Beam
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Bar Ast Shear
Span Spacing
no dia no dia No. Rein. Dia
Start Top 230X300 2 16 1 16 3 603 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X300 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
Mid Top 230X300 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 230X300 2 12 0 0 2 402 8
End Top 230X300 2 16 1 16 3 603 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X300 2 12 0 0 2 402 8
 Ground Floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 230X350 2 16 1 16 3 603 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
Top 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
Mid Span 6" c/c
Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
End Top 230X350 2 16 1 16 3 603 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8

First floor
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 230X350 2 16 1 12 3 515 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 3 402 8
Mid Top 230X350 2 16 0 0 3 402 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 3 402 8
End Top 230X350 2 16 1 12 3 515 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 3 402 8

ROOF
Dia Lateral Ties
Beam Total
Location Rebar Beam Size Th-Bar Ex-Bar Ast Shear
Span Bar No. Spacing
no dia no dia Rein. Dia
Start Top 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
Mid Top 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
6" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
End Top 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8
4" c/c
Span Bottom 230X350 2 16 0 0 2 402 8

Slab design summary

Overall Depth=127 mm
Typical slab reinforcement (cranked: Double Net at edges and Single Net at Mid span)
Top Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 150mm C/C in both x and y direction
Balcony Projection slab
Top Bar: Provided Dia 12mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction
Top Bar: Provided Dia 8mm @ 300 mm C/C in y direction
Bottom Bar: Provided Dia8mm @ 300 mm C/C in x direction
9 CONCLUDING REMARKS
Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for
construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks, stadiums, towers,
tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratories works have shown that a well-
designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake resistant structures.
Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be achieved by following the
recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for earthquake resistant design.

Design and construction of the structure are inter-related jobs. A building behaves in a manner how
it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A large percentage of structure
failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction. Therefore, quality assurance is needed in
both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very important
role. It has been observed that damages during earthquake are largely dependent on the quality and
workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most important factor in the good seismic behavior of
the structure.

Er. Khim Bahadur Khadka

BE Civil
NEC Reg. No. 13908 “A”