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ORAL COMMUNICATION
2ND Quarter
Week 11-12
2nd QUARTER: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN COMMUNICATING ORALLY
TOPIC: Types of Speeches according to Purpose
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Employs various communicative strategies in different situations
2. Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy
affects the following:
a. Language form
b. Duration of interaction
c. Relationship of speaker
d. Role and responsibilities of the speaker
e. Message
f. Delivery
Any worthwhile endeavor, such as a speech, has a purpose. You speak to inform, to argue, to
persuade, to entertain, and to express emotions, among others. Identifying your purpose and being
conscious of it allows you to better choose your words, your supporting material, the organization of
your message, and your delivery.
A weather man, for instance, gives us updates on the weather condition, and therefore, his
purposes is to inform. How about a teacher when she gives a lecture? She explains the lesson and
shares her knowledge with the student; therefore, she also speaks to inform. How about an artist
presenting her work, hoping her art carries her message to the audience? She speaks to persuade.
How about a lawmaker who argues for or against a bill in front of Congress? He aims to persuade his
fellow lawmakers to vote for or against the bill in review. These are but a few of the many purposes
of speech communication.
Different speech purposes call for different types of speeches. You deliver ab acceptance
speech receiving a prestigious award, a farewell address to a dear friend who is migrating, or a
eulogy for a deceased relative.
Consider the following situations. Each one requires a specific kind of speech.
You are the host of a family program honoring your grandparent on his or her 75 th birthday
(tribute speech).
You are the coach of a basketball team in your barangay. You would like your team to be
extra motivated for a crucial game (pep talk/motivational speech).
You are the head of a technical team that has developed a new household appliance and is
now presenting the design to attract investors (product or project presentation/informative
and persuasive speech).
You are concerned about the worsening garbage problem in your community (informative and
persuasive speech).
Various references provide different types of speeches according to purpose. This module will focus
on three types of speeches: informative speech, persuasive speech, and speech for special occasions.
INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Some speeches are meant to provide interesting and useful information to the audience. An
informative speech mainly serves this function. The goal of informative speech is to impart
knowledge to the audience based on the expertise of the speaker. Thus, it would be difficult for you
to be an informative speaker if you are not familiar with a given topic. you either have to be an
expert on the topic or you should have done thorough research so that you will be able to say
something substantial to your audience.
Teachers are speaker who engage in informative speech. Their goal is to share with their
students the information on various subjects in school such a way that they would understand these
subjects as clearly as possible. What techniques do your teachers use during your lectures in class?
A demonstrative speech can fall under informative speech given that its main purpose is still to
inform. However, what makes demonstrative speech unique is that the step-by-step process of doing
or producing something is shown and explained to the audience. Examples of demonstrative
speeches are the how-to videos that you watch online. For example, using visual aids and actual
objects, the speaker demonstrates how to cook dinuguan or the different ways of creatively tying
your shoelaces to the viewers.
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
There are speeches that are meant to affect the beliefs of the audience. A persuasive speech
is delivered for the speaker to reinforce beliefs, change the audience’s beliefs, or move them into
taking an action.
Persuasive speech use facts to inform the audience about what is good and what is bad. They
also use logic and reasoning to persuade. For some persuasive speakers, charisma and reputation
can help in changing the beliefs, attitude, and behavior of the audience into something that favors
the speaker.
From TV commercials selling products to speeches that politicians deliver during the election
season, persuasive speeches are commonly delivered in an attempt to convince the audience. As
speakers, you should craft your messages properly and creatively in order to achieve your
communication goal. As a member of the audience, you should be critical in listening to persuasive
speeches.
SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS
According to O’hair et al. (2007), speeches for special occasions are prepared for a specific
purpose dictated by a given occasion. The speech can be informative, persuasive, or both, depending
on the kind of occasion where it is delivered. Joyous occasions require speeches to be entertaining,
so that the audience will listen and pay attention.
Special occasion speeches are delivered to welcome the audience to an event, to introduce a
speaker, to give tribute through roast or toast speeches (or a combination of both), and to
commemorate special events or people. The important consideration in speeches for special
occasions is that you should be familiar with the occasion being celebrated or the person being
honored. Again, research is essential so that you can say the right things to the right people at the
right occasion.
NAME & SECTION: ___________________________________________ SCORE: ___________
ANSWER SHEETS IN ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXERCISE I. Classify the following speeches by writing IS for informative, PS for persuasive , or OS
for special occasion speeches.
____________ 1. A political candidate’s speech during a miting de advance
____________ 2. Keynote address from the guest of speaker
____________ 3. A eulogy to a dearly beloved
____________ 4. A video about how to make sushi
____________ 5. A session on feature writing during a journalism seminar
____________ 6. A closing message in the last part of the program
____________ 7. An advertisement calling for people to help save sea turtles
____________ 8. A discussion about the types of turtles and tortoise
____________ 9. The president’s state of the nation address
____________ 10. A father’s message to his daughter during her 18 th birthday
EXERCISE II. Persuasive speeches require not only sensible arguments but also a balanced
presentation of both sides of an issue. What are the pros and cons of the following issues?
Issue: Death penalty
Pros Cons
Issue: Filipino as medium of instruction in schools
Pros Cons
Issue: Curfew in cities
Pros Cons
EXERCISE III. Explain your answer.
1. Have you ever spoken in front of a crowd? What tips can you give to someone who feels
nervous in speaking in front of many people?
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2. Have you ever watched a celebrity endorsing a product on TV? Did the celebrity convince you
to use the product? Why or why not?
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ORAL COMMUNICATION
2ND Quarter
Week 13-14
2nd QUARTER: EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES IN COMMUNICATING ORALLY
TOPIC: Types of Speeches according to Delivery
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
1. Employs various communicative strategies in different situations
2. Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy
affects the following:
a. Language form
b. Duration of interaction
c. Relationship of speaker
d. Role and responsibilities of the speaker
e. Message
f. Delivery
LEARNING CONTENT
Speech delivery refers to how your message, ideas, thoughts, and feelings are expressed in
spoken words. There are at least four types of speech according to the manner they are delivered:
read, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu.
Read Speech
As the name implies, this type of speech is read by a speaker from a manuscript prepared by
him or her by someone commissioned to write it. As long as you read the speech, it is classified as a
read speech. But so as not to sound too stiff and to increase the opportunity for eye contact and
interaction with the audience, the speaker is advised to practice delivery beforehand.
Read speeches could become ineffective when the speaker tends to focus only on the written
speech that he or she is reading. Also, while eye contact and interaction help, being able to
understand what you are reading is ultimately important.
Memorized Speech
Like the read speech, a memorized speech is also written in advance by the speaker himself or
herself or by the person commissioned to write it. Oratorical and declamation pieces are examples of
memorized speeches.
While memorized speech provide a speaker with an opportunity to showcase his or her ability
to memorize well, these speeches are not very effective in communicating a message because they
are usually ready-made and are not tailor-made to the purpose of the speaker.
Both read and memorized speeches are organized and written down word for word. They are
useful for speeches that require exactness of information or data (e.g., figures, names, technical
concepts). Their main difference is that one is read, while the other is memorized. In a read speech,
however, your interaction and eye contact with the audience tend to be limited. Hence, there is a
need to practice your delivery to still sound conversation and to connect with the audience.
The read and memorized speeches may also be classified according to the amount of
preparation involved. These two speech types allow a speaker ample time to prepare. They are
written either by the speaker himself or herself or by a speech writer, as in the case of prominent
and busy persons such as state leaders and highly successful business people. a manuscript is then
brought to the podium and read by the speaker of the speaker commits to memorize the speech that
was written beforehand.
Below are excerpts of speeches that were originally read and memorized for oration and declamation
throughout the world.
Example 1:
American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech “I Have a Dream,” which he read in
1963 to a huge crowd at Lincoln Memorial, has been a favorite speech to read or memorized by
succeeding generations. Here is an excerpt from the famous speech:
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live cut the true meaning of its creed:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of
former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream
that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering
with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the color of their skin by the content of their character. . .
I have a dream today. . .
Example 2:
Among the Filipinos, Carlos P. Romulo stood out for being a great leader and speaker due to
his powerful messages. Below is an excerpt from his popular literary work “I am a Filipino.”
I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The East, with its languor and
mysticism, its passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West that came
thundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an eager
participant in its spirit, and in its struggles for liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I know also
that the East must awake from its centurial sleep, shake of the lethargy that has bound its limbs,
and start moving where destiny awaits.
For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the West have destroyed forever the
peace and quiet that once were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those whose world now
trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon shot. I cannot say of a matter of universal life and death,
of freedom and slavery for all mankind, that it concerns me not. For no man and no nation is an
island, but a part of the main, there is no longer any East and West – only individuals and nations
making those momentous choices which are hinges upon which history resolves.
Written language tends to be more formal that spoken language. Therefore, when writing a
speech that is meant to be read or memorized, read aloud what you have written to make sure the
language is suitable.
Extemporaneous Speech
The extemporaneous speech is delivered by speakers who have an excerpt knowledge on a
particular topic and are therefore able to deliver an entire speech using an outline of ideas written on
cue cards. Although an extemporaneous speech is no less prepared and organized than a read or
memorized speech, it is not written entirely word for word and there is no manuscript to read from.
This allows for a more conversational and interactive delivery.
Below is a sample outline for an extemporaneous speech:
I. Introduction – includes a catchy opening line or greeting and an overview of the topic
II. Body – the main speech. It is advisable to limit main ideas to three items for better
organization and recall.
Main idea 1
Main idea 2
Main idea 3
III. Conclusion – this could include a recap of the three main ideas discussed, a call to action if
the speech is persuasive one, or an expression of gratitude to listeners.
Impromptu Speech
The impromptu speech is delivered with little to no preparation. This is done at events such
as a wedding or a victory party. Because of this, an impromptu speech is usually short and casual.
When you are asked by your teacher to share your reflections on a material that the class has
viewed or read, you give an impromptu speech. Similarly, you deliver an impromptu speech when
you are called to say a few words after being surprised with an award of a gift; when you are asked
to share something about the newlyweds or a birthday celebrant; when you would like to say your
well wishes for whoever is leaving; or when you deliver eulogy in the funeral of a deceased loved
one.
For impromptu speeches, instead of preparing an outline, you will need to keep in mind a few
key words about the person or the event to help you focus on your message.
An impromptu speech challenges the speaker to quickly organize his or her thoughts and
verbalize them as clearly and coherently as possible.
In some cases, such as in oral exams and beauty pageants, prompts in the form of topic
statements or questions are given to an impromptu speaker.
Here are some sample question prompts for an impromptu speech:
1. What three things would you do/buy if you win the grand prize in the lottery?
2. What three books would you want to have if you were trapped in a deserted island?
3. What three things signify success for you?
As previously mentioned, speech types may also be classified according to the amount
preparation involved. The impromptu and extemporaneous speeches allow for the least time
to prepare. An extemporaneous speech is delivered from an outline of key words, phrases or
sentences, which the speaker then fills in with details. The impromptu speech, on the other
hand, usually provides the speaker with little or no preparation time.
NAME & SECTION: _________________________________________ SCORE: ______________
ANSWER SHEETS IN ORAL COMMUNICATION
NAME & SECTION: __________________________________________________________
EXERCISE I. Discuss the questions below.
1. Which do you prefer to deliver, a read speech or a memorized speech? Why?
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2. What makes read, memorized, and extemporaneous speech similar?
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3. Are good writing skills important in preparing read, memorized, and extemporaneous
speeches? Why or why not?
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EXERCISE II. Discuss the questions below.
1. What preparations are necessary when delivering read, memorized, and extemporaneous
speeches?
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2. How can outlines help in writing or preparing a speech?
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EXERCISE III. Discuss the questions below.
1. What are the advantages of an impromptu speech?
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2. What are the disadvantages of an impromptu speech?
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3. How can we deliver an impromptu speech successfully?
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EXERCISE III. Discuss your insights on the following situations.
1. You are chosen to deliver the opening remarks for the Christmas program in your school.
Given the program is still a few weeks away, which type of speech will you deliver? Why?
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2. Your mother was supposed to give a speech during the 18 th birthday of your cousin, but
because of heavy traffic, she was late. You are asked to give the speech on her behalf. Which
type of speech is appropriate in this situation? Why?
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3. Despite your many academic requirements that demand a lot of time, your school
administrator tasked you to deliver a speech during your school’s family day next week. Which
type of speech will you deliver in this situation? How are you going to prepare for and deliver
the speech?
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