Introduction to Cloud Computing Learning Objectives ... @ To learn about cloud computing and its technologies, architectures, and applications. @] To have a better understanding of the difficulties that arise while deploying and implementing applications in the cloud. To have a better understanding of cloud computing's most recent trends, fH OVERVIEW OF CLOUD ea What is Cloud? ; The “cloud” refers to Servers that are accessed over the Internet, software and databases that run on those servers. Cloud servers are located in data centers all over the world. By using cloud computing, users and companies don't have to manage physical servers themselves or run software’applications on their own machines. Ss ) F Applications Databases > Cle oo mm Seevice peovide € » . Cf Of Of - tl Servers containing applications and databases, cogle Cloud Pop hee Cloud yceosotd Azuée Fig.1.1:Cloud see device cece TRY cloud Mec ¢ conn: ‘ a \nteenet & Of Alibaba cloud comcli nd MY ppl $dCloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] ta LT ed ee a eo 12 Introduction to Cloud Computing The cloud enables users to access the same files and applications from almost any device because the computing and storage take place on servers in a data center, instead of locally on the user device. This is why a user can log into their Instagram account on a new phone after their old phone breaks and still find their old account in place, with all their photos, videos, and conversation history. It works the same way with cloud email providers like Gmail or Microsoft Office 365, and with cloud storage providers like Dropbox or Google Drive. For businesses, switching to cloud computing removes some IT costs and overhead. For example, they no longer neéd to update and maintain their own servers, as the cloud vendor they are using will do that. This especially makes an impact for small businesses that may not have been able to afford their own internal infrastructure but can outsource their infrastructure needs affordably via the cloud. The cloud can also make it easier for companies to operate internationally, because employees and customers can access the same files and applications from any location. Cloud computing may operate on both public and private networks, such as WANs, LANs, and VPNs. Email, online conferencing, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are just a few examples of cloud-based applications. + Ey What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing transforms IT infrastructure into a utility. It lets you ‘plug in’ to infrastructure via the internet|and use computing resources without installing and Maintaining them on-premises. | \« Goud computing is on-demand access, via the internet tocomputing resources applications, \servers, data storage, development tools, networking capabilities, and more hosted at a remote data center managed by a Cloud Services Provider (or CSP). monthly subscription fee or bills them ‘The CSP makes these resources available fe according to usage. | 5 Compared to traditional IT and depending on the cloud services you select, cloud computing helps do the following: © Lower IT costs: Cloud lets you offload some or most of the costs and effort of purchasing, installing, configuring, and managing your ownon-premises infrastructure. Improve agility and time-to-value: With cloud, your organization can start using enterprise applications in minutes, instead of waiting weeks or months for IT to respond to a request, purchase and configure supporting hardware, and install software. To help themselves to software and Support infrastructure, cloud also lets you empower certain users specifically developers and data scientists.a Introdvetion to Cloud Computing Scale more easily and cost-effectively: Cloud provides elasticity instead of hasing excess capacity that sits unused during slow periods; you can scale capacity up and down in response to spikes and dips in traffic. You can also take advantage of your cloud provider's global network to spread your applications closer to users around the world + The term ‘cloud computing’ also refers to the technology that makes cloud work. This includes some form ofvirtualizedIT infrastructure servers, operating system software, networking, and other infrastructure that's abstracted, using special software, so that it can be pooled and divided irrespective of physical hardware boundaries. For example,}a single hardware server can be divided into multiple virtual servers, SS sc aa ae ae © Virtualization enables coud providers to make maximum use of their data center resources. Not surprisingly, many corporations have adopted the cloud delivery model for their on-premises infrastructure so they can realize maximum utilization and cost savings vs. traditional IT infrastructure and offer the same self-service and agility to their end-users. « Ifyou use a computer or mobile device at home or at work, you almost certainly use some form of cloud computing every day, whether it’s a cloud application like Google_ Gmail or Salesforce, streaming media like Netflix, or cloud file storage like Dropbox. According to a recent survey, 92% of organizations use cloud today , and most of them plan to use it more within the next year. Fig. 1.2; Cloud Computingie ere re oe Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] 14 Introduction to Cloud Computing * Cloud computing refers to the process of remotely modifying, configuring, and accessing hardware and software resources. It provides data storage, infrastructure, and applications all across the internet. How does cloud computing work? % pcigud computing works by allowing client devices to access data over the internet, cen from remote servers, databases and computers. ~ An internet network connection links the front end (includes the accessing client device, browser, network and cloud software applications) with the back end (which consists of databases, servers and computers). The back-end functions as a repository, storing data that i is accessed by the front end. + Communications between the front and back ends are managed by a central server. The central server relies on protocols to facilitate the exchange of data. The centra } server uses both software and middleware to manage connectivity between different client devices and cloud servers. Typically, there will be a dedicated server for each i individual application. / a _Be Cloud Computing Examples * Examples of cloud computing include: © Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365: Users can access Google Docs and Microsoft Office 365 through the internet..Users can be more productive because they can access work presentations and spreadsheets stored in the cloud at any time from anywhere on any device. : o Email, Calendar, Skype, WhatsApp: Emails, Calendars, Skype and WhatsApp take advantage of the cloud's ability to provide users with access to data remotely so they can access their personal data on any device, whenever and wherever they want. \ © _ Zoom: Zoom is a cloud-based software platform for video and audio conferencing “that records meetings and saves them to the cloudy enabling users to access them anywhere and at any time. , = o AWS Lambda: Lambda allows developers to run code for applications or back end (<~services without- having to provision or manage servers. The pay-as-you-go model constantly scales with an organization to accommodate real-time changes in data usage and data storage. * Deployment models specify the kind of cloud access, i.e. where the cloud is situated. ‘The four forms of access to the cloud are public, private, hybrid, and community.Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] Ls Introduction to Cloud Computing qe . ae Public Cloud © Private Cloud > » © Hybrid Cloud (Community Cloud > Fig. 1.3: Types of Cloud 1. Public Cloud The public cloud makes systems and services. public to anybody with an internet connection} Because of its openness, the public cloud may be less secure. + A public cloud environment is owned by an outsourced cloud provider and is accessible to many businesses through the internet on a pay-per-use model. \This deployment model provides services and infrastructure to businesses who want to save money on IT operational costs, but it's the cloud provider who is responsible for the creation and maintenance of the resources. + Public clouds are ideal for small and medium sized businessed with a tight budget requiring a quick and easy platform in which to deploy IT resources. * Pros of a public cloud: > Easy scalability. _e No geographical restrictions Ls Costeffective. © Highly reliable. .o Easy to manage. * Cons of a public cloud: _2 Not considered the safest option for sensitive data. 2. Private Cloud * Within a company, the private cloud allows systems and services to be accessed. Because of its private character, it is more secure. + This cloud deployment model is a bespoke infrastructure owned by a single business. It offers a more controlled environment in which access to IT resources is more centralized within the business, This model can be externally hosted or can be managed in-house. Although private cloud hosting can be expensive, for larger businesses it can offer a higher level of security and more autonomy to customize the storage, networking and compute components to suit their IT requirements.Rae Mee eR pe gs ae Cloud Comput IRCA (Science) :Semvj 16 __Introduction to Cloud Computing * Pros of a private cloud: Improved level of security. 4 Greater control over the server, © Customizable. Cons of a private cloud: Harder to access data from remote locations, Requires IT expertise. 3. Community cloud A collection of organizations can use the community cloud to access systems and services, * Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of several organizations to share the information between the organization and a specific “Sommunity. It is owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third party, or a combination of them. * Pros of a Community cloud: 5 -e~ It provides better security than the public cloud. It provides collaborative and distributive environment. ° Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure and other capabilities among various organizations. * Cons of a Community cloud: © Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization. © Security features are not as good as the private cloud. © Itis not suitable if there is no collaboration. 4. Hybrid Cloud * The hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud, with important tasks being handled by private cloud and non-critical tasks handled by public cloud. * For businesses seeking the benefits of both private and public cloud deployment models, a hybrid cloud environment is a good option. By combining the two models, a hybrid cloud model provides a more tailored IT solution that meets specific business requirements. * Pros of a hybrid cloud: Highly flexible and scalable. Cost effective. o Enhanced security. * Cons of a hybrid cloud: Communication in network level may be conflicted as it’s used in both private and public clouds.Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V} 17 Introduction to Cloud Computing, Table 1.1: Difference between public cloud and private cloud Parameters Public Cloud Private Cloud Infrastructure | Business requirement Single-Tenant: Dedicated hardware and network for your business_managed by an_in- house technical team. High performance, security, and Customization and control options. your service provider. Multi-Tenant: Shared network hosted off site and managed by | | Affordable solutions that provide room for growth. Best use Protect your most sensitive data and applications. Disaster recovery and application testing for smaller, public facing | companies. | Scalability Can be managed in-house. Extreme performance fine- grained control for both storage and compute. Depends on the Service Level Agreement but usually easy via a self-managed tool the customer willuse. i Support and maintenance Your technical administrators. Cloud Service Provider's technical team. Cost Large upfront cost to implement the hardware, software and Staff resources. Maintenance rand growth must also be built into ongoing costs (Capital expenditures), Affordable option offering a pay- as-you- go service fee. Operating Cost - Pay as you go, scale up, scale down as needed, charged by the minute. Security Isolated_network environment. Enhanced security to meet data protection legislation. 4 Basic security compliance. Some ‘may offer bolt-on security options. Performance High _ performance dedicated server. from Competing users performance levels. can reduce | 13 | LAYERS OF CLOUD * Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into four basic service models which are: © Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) © Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) © Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) © BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] Le Introduction to Cloud Computing Layer type Layer example je fos a aa Pa : Business Business Process Outsourcing Pee process (BPO) ae Application Data os BUILD Linux: Middiewave Platform as a Service Apache (PaaS) ee J / Networking HOST i: Hardware Infrastructure as a Service Data centre Storage ((aaS) Fig. 1.4: Layers of Cloud Services 1. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) + laa$ is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the cloud computing platform's tiers. Customers can outsource their IT infrastructures such 7 g, processing, storage, virtual machines, and other resources to the networkin company. Customers utilize a pay-per-use approach to access these resources through the Internet, Fig. 1.5: Infrastructure as a Service. Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] 19 * laa provider provides the following gervices: 1. Compute: Virtual central professor units and virtual main memory for the VMs that are supplied to end-users are included in Computing as a Service. 2. Storage: laaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files. 3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as Touters, switches, and-bridges for the VMs. 4, Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer. The lower end of managed cloud computing services where hardware resources are provided by an external provider and managed for you. IaaS provides users access to computing resources such as networking, processing power and data storage capacity. + laaS helps users to use computing power or virtual machines without labor intensive hardware investments or server management.’ Physically, the hardware resources are pulled from a variety ofnetworksand servers distributed across different data centers; all of which are managed and maintained by the cloud service provider. + For example, say a user wants a Linux system, with laa he/she will get access to it without having to worry abbut the networking of the machine on which Linux is installed or the physical system. * laaS is beneficial for customers who want to create cost-effective and highly scalable IT solutions where the expenses and complexities involved in managing hardware ee — a resources are outsourced to a service provider. Most of the IaaS packages include responsible for installing and maintaining databases, OS, appl components, ~— °fenrSGlere - + Example of laaS: Amakon EC2, Winddus Azure! Rackspace, Google Compute Engine. 40 2 Features of IaaS Services: ©1°3)ic ANGER Hod rhe” Yorn © Time Optimization: A typical infrastructure as a service offering saves both time and money gs the underlying hardware set up and support is provided by the service provider. © Resource Availability: Resources are available on demand as and when required so there is no wastage of any unused resources and no delays on adding any resources. 2 Uiility-based pricing model: Pay only for the resources you actually use. Advantages/Benefits of laa Services: © Shared infrastructure: IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure. °SN oe loud Computing (BCA (Science) :Sem.V)__ 110___ Introduction to Cloud Computing Web access to the resources: laaS allayys IT u IT users_to access resou ver the internet. Pay-as-per-use model: laa providers provide services based on the pay-as-per. use basis, The users are required to pay for what they have used, © Focus on the core business: laaS providers focus ‘on the organization's corg business rather than on IT infrastructure. © On-demand scalability: One of the most significant advantages of 1aaS is on. demand scalability. Users that utilize laas don't have to worry about updating software or troubleshooting difficulties with physical components. Disadvantages of laa Services: © Security: One of the most pressing concerns in Iaas is security. The majority of laaS suppliers are unable to guarantee complete s security. Maintenance § Upgrade: Although Iaas service providers update the software, some companies do i s. © Interoperability issues: As it is difficult to transfer VMs from one IaaS provider to another, consumers may suffer vendor lock-in issues. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) This cloud computing service is an advanced version of IaaS. Apart from just providing the IT infrastructure, PaaS also provides the computing platform and solution stack as a service. PaaS is a cloud computing service that provides developers with a framework that can be used for building custom applications online without having to worry about data storage, data serving, and management. A typical Platform-as-a-Service contributing in: Hosting Solutions, OS, Software tools for design and development, Environment for server-side scripting, DBMS, Network Access, Storage, Server Software, Support. Seeuicesy Wanate Examples of PaaS solutions includes: Microsoft Azure, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Force.com. by Salesforce, Google App Engine, Rackspace Cloud Sites, OpenShift, and Apache Stratos Jged¢¢ gun inppache loment, PHP Smgsge, Features of PaaS services: © Web-based user interfaces: A web user interface or web app allows the user to interact with content or software running on a remote server through a web browser. The content or web Page is d is downloaded from the web server and the user ae oo o Cloud-I based computing model: “it allows development _ _teams to build, test, deploy, manage, update, and scale applications faster and more cost- eff fectively.Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] an Introduction to Cloud Computing o Multi-tenant architecture; It serves multiple customers using a single instance of software running on a server.~Separate customers in a multi-tenant environment tap into the same data-storage and hardware, each creating a dedicated instance. © Scalability, load balancing and failover: High availability to eliminate single points of failure. If one = Server goes down, the website should not_go offline. Scalability and acceptable performance under peak load. Typically, this also Tequires redundancy, so the load can be balanced across servers. Advantages / Benefits of PaaS services: ° Cost Effective: No need to purchase hardware or pay expenses during downtime. o Time Savings: No need to spend time setting up/maintaining the core stack. oc Speed to Market: Speed up the creation of. applications. o Future-Proof: Access to state-of-the-art data centre, hardware, and operating systems. Disadvantages of PaaS services: o With a PaaS, data security needs to be considered and scrutinised, as information is stored off-site. Not every part of your company’s existing infrastructure may be built for the cloud. © Finally, a less than ideal PaaS provider could leave your company feeling frustrated. 3. Software as a Service (SaaS) + A special cloud computing service that incorporates both IaaS and PaaS service offerings. SaaS is a cloud computing service that provides application-level services tailored to diverse business needs such as business analytics, CRM, or marketing automation. SaaS is a cloud computing service offering that provides web-based software applications to customer's on-demand. SaaS providers host a fully- functional application through a browser-based Interface and make it accessible to the users through the Internet. * SaaS offerings allow the cloud to be leveraged for software architecture thereby reducing the overhead of support, maintenance, and operations as the applications run on systems belonging to the vendor| SaaS is the most familiar cloud computing service offering as users most often interact directly with SaaS~applications like Netflix, Gmail, JIRA, Dropbox, or Salesforce. e os see * SaaS is a subscription-based offering where users subscribe to software on a monthly basis instead if purchasing it so there are no upfront costs involved. It also provides a provision to the users to end the subscription when it is no longer needed.) ; el pee’ Fpieducts 1 char PERCE dion ve Cloud Computing cloud Computing [BCA (Sclence) | Sem. V} saa * Examples of SaaS solutions includes:” she. Business ByDesign, Zoho CRM, AppDynamics, Microsoft, Office 365, Pardot Marketing Automation. . Features of Saas Services: ices"! 7" © Multi-tenancy cloud architecture: Multi-tenancy 19 architecture in which a single deployment of a software application serves multiple customers, Each customer is called a tenant, Tenants may be given the ability to customize some parts of the application, now a days applications are designed in a such a way that per tenant, the storage area is segregated by having different database altogether or having a different sachems inside a single database or same database with discriminators © Familiar web-based interfaces: Building on the consumer web that users already know. This can help you boost adoption and take-up rates. ‘Accelerated feature delivery: With updates often rolled out weekly or monthly and no need to maintain or support legacy versions of the software, © Open integration protocols and APIs: Enabling the event of ‘mash-ups’ which combine data, presentation and functionality from multiple services, © Collaborative and social functions: Which allow people in several teams and or locations work co-operatively with each other. Advantages/Benefits of SaaS Services: © Low setup and infrastructure costs: You just buy what you would like with no cost that must be depreciated on your record over time. Accessible from anywhere: Just connect to the web and you can work from wherever you need to be via desktop, laptop, tablet or mobile or other networked device. Via any networked device, making it easier to manage, access data and knowledge and keep data in sync. © Scalability: You can adapt your requirements to the amount of individuals who got to use the system, the quantity of knowledge and therefore the functionality required as your business grows. © Automatic, frequent updates: Providers offer timely improvements because of their scale and since they receive feedback about what their customers need. This frees up your IT department for other more business-critical tasks. © Security at the highest level required by any customer: Because of the shared nature of the service, all users enjoy the safety level that’s been found out for those with the very best need. Disadvantages of SaaS services: © Insufficient Data Security: This is qne of the top concerns for companies who are a Kind of software looking to opt for a SaaS-based application model. .Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) | Sem. V] i o Difficulty with Regulations Compliance. Cumbersome Data Mobility. Low Performance. Troublesome software Integrati 4. BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) od “ Introduction to Cloud Compu99 ¢ BPO is an abbreviation that stands for Business Process Outsourcing. It consists of front office customer services such as tech support_and_ back office business functions like billing’ When a company has a big workload, and they want their non- core work to be done by an expert at low costs, then they easily outsource thtir work to another country that has a large work force at a lower cost. This process is called Business Process Outsourcing. + Ina BPO, the entire business is handled by a third party. An external service provider transfers the project to a third parfy on a contract basis. The third-party has the responsibility to improve the service p excellent customer service. rovider's customer experience and provide It provides a virtual data ea It provides virtual It provides web softwai Customers expect on-demand servi resources. To support this cloud, allow sel Tequest, pay and use services without intervention of human operators. This is a key DESIRED FEATURES OF A CLOUD * SELF-SERVICE: It's one of the most important and crucial aspects of cloud computing. from cloud computing by instant assessing rvice access so that customer can center to store information | platforms and tools to and apps to complete andcreate platforms for —_| create, test,anddeploy _| business tasks. app development, testing, apps. and deployment. It provides access to It provides runtime It provides software as a resources such as virtual environments and service to the end users. machines, virtual storage, | deployment tools for ete. applications. It is used by network Itis used by developers. __ | It is used by end users. architects. if IaaS provides only PaaS provides SaaS provides Infrastructure. Infrastructure + Platform. | Infrastructure + Platform +Software. =a vn a Cie aieSev Computing [BCA Sclence): Sem. V)_ eae a LL a Introduction to Cloud Computing feature of Cloud, and a customer may also regulate the computing resources According to his requirements. Per-usages metering and Billing: Billingis the process where thecloug Computing service subscribers are charged based on the metered data. Billing usually happens monthly. Billing uses pricing rates defined against usage plans ang computes the invoice against the usage data. Elasticity: Elastic computing is the ability to quickly expand or decrease computer’ Processing, memory, and storage resources to meet changing demands withou? worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak sage: Customization: Cloud computing changes the customization equation. With cloud. Genscased companies can develop néw functionality ina matter of weeks instead of gor jonths of years and carry over all customizations seamlessly to the latest release of the application. - as | BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING Easy implementation: Cloud hosting enables businesses to keep the same apps and business processes without having to deal with backend technological issues. A cloud infrastructure is managed over the Internet and can be used by businesses fast and easily. Accessibility: You may access your data from anywhere at any time. By guaranteeing that your application is always available, an Internet cloud architecture boosts corporate productivity and efficiency. This makes it simple for users in different places to collaborate and share information. No hardware required: A physical storage centre is no longer required because everythii ill be hosted in the cloud. Creating and optimizing the cloud cost structure policy can reduce the cost of cloud storage significantly while maintaining the company’s business goals related to data storage in the cloud. Cost per head: Cloud hosting services keep overhead technological expenditures to a minimum, allowing businesses to use more time and resources to upgrade their infrastructure. aes Sy eae ML Be Flexibility for growth: Because the cloud is easily scalable, businesses may add or withdraw resources as needed. As businesses expand, their systems will expand as well. 3 Efficient recovery: Cloud computing allows users to get applications and data more quickly and tely. It is the most efficient recovery method since it requires minimal downtime. Data Security: Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers many advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored and handled. curely stored and handleCoevd Computing [BCA Setence) Sem. V) Las Introduction to Cloud Computing, i DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING — + Nolonger in control: You're handing over your data and information when you move services to the cloud. Companies with inshouse IT professionals will be unable to resolve problems on their own. Stratosphere Networks provides a live help desk that Is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to resolve any issues. + May not get all the features: All cloud services are not created equal. Some cloud providers provide restricted versions that simply allow the most popular features, so you may not get all of the functionality or customizations you desire. Make sure you understand everything your cloud service provider has to offer before signing up. * Doesn't mean you should do away with servers: Although you may have fewer servers to manage which means less work for your IT team, this does not imply you can eliminate all of your servers and employees. While having data centers and a cloud architecture may appear to be pricey, redundancy is critical for backup and recovery, ~ Sem U9 $ penyrey + Downtime \+~ No Redundancy: A cloud server is neither redundant nor backed up in any way. Avoid being burnt by obtaining a redundancy plan, as technology can fail at any time. Although it is an additional cost, it is usually well worth it. \+~ Bandwidth issues: Clients must prepare ahead of time for optimal performance and avoid cramming huge numbers of servers and storage devices into a small number of datacenters. « Umited conteo) $Plecjbs lity. + Cost Coneeens< CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM! Cloud Infrastructure * Cloud infrastructure consists of all of the hardware and software elements needed for cloud computing, including Compute (server), Networking, Storage, Virtualization resources. 4 | + AUser Interface (UI) for controlling these virtual resources is generally included with cloud infrastructure types. x * laa or Infrastructure as a Service is a well-known and widely used example of this concept. laaS allows a team or company to get the computer infrastructure they need over the Internet, including computing power (whether on actual or virtual machines, as is more probable), storage, and a variety of other services like load balancers and firewalls. Instead of supplying and managing their own physical infrastructure, they do this. Instead, they use the IaaS provider to lease the resources they require. * Cloud infrastructure means the hardware and saftware components. * These components are server, storage, networking and virtualization software. * These components are required to support the computing requirements of a cloud computing model. 2a cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. VI 1.16 Introduction to Cloud Computing x Components of Cloud Infrastructure Management Software Deployment Software irene Fig. 1.6: Cloud Infrastructural Components * Following are the Components of Cloud Infrastructure: 1. Hypervisor: Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program. It acts as a Virtual Machine Manager. It enables to share a Baal instance of cloud resources between several customers. 2. Management Software: Management software assists to maintain and configure the infrastructure. 3. Deployment Software: Deployment software assists to deploy and integrate the application on the cloud. 4. Network: Network is the key component of the cloud infrastructure. It enables to connect cloud services over the Internet. The customer can customize the network route and protocol i.e. possible to deliver network as a utility over the Internet. 5. Server: The server assists to compute the resource sharing and offers other services like resource allocation and deallocation, monitoring the resources, provides the security etc. 6. Storage: Cloud keeps many copies of storage. Using these copies of resources, it extracts another resource if any one of the resources fails, eb/9 Infrastructural Constraints + Following are the basic constraints: 1. Transparency 2. Scalability 3. Intelligent Monitoring 4 SecurityCloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. Vj Introduction te Cloud Computing Inteligent Monitoring Fig. 1.7: Infrastructure of Cloud Computing 1. Transparency: + InaCloud environment, virtualization is the key to share the resources. + It is impossible to satisfy the demand with singlé resource or server. Hence, there should be transparency in resources, load balancing and application, so that we can scale the resources on demand. 2. Scalability: * Scaling up an application is easy but scaling up an application delivery solution is not easy because it includes configuration overhead or even rearchitecting the network. + Hence, application delivery is required to be scalable that need the virtual infrastructure so that, resources are provisioned and de-provisioned easily. 3. Intelligent Monitorin; + Application solution delivery is required to be capable of intelligent monitoring to achieve transparency and scalability. 4, Security: * Insecurity, the mega data center in the cloud must be securely architected. + _Thecontrol node, an entry point in mega data center also requires to be secure. Cloud Infrastructure Management * Cloud infrastructure management contains the procedures and tools required to efficiently allocate and distribute critical resources when and where they are needed. An excellent example of such a tool is the UI or dashboard which serves as a control are configuring, and administering cloud infrastructure. Cloud infrfstructure managements beneficial for providing cloud services to both: 1. Internal users who utilize cloud’resources, such as developers or other jobs. 2. Customers and business partners are examples of external users, © The fundamental goal of cloud infrastructure management is to enable business scalability while unifying IT resources and allowing multiple users to utilise the same infrastructure without jeopardising their data, —a ———— Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V} 118 Intraguction to Cloud Computing HPP! Prowdntecfix. * This decreases operational expenses in the long term. ~ & lanagement Interface (CIMI) is an open standard API for managing cloud infrastructure that allows users to manage it more easily while Joud ecosystems. This allows cloud A Cloud infrastructure maintaining consistent communication across cloud ecc E suppliers, developers, and customers to handle their data in an accessible manner. What does cloud infrastructure management do: * It is the technique aided by technological tools that ensures proper cloud usage supervision. * Businesses may use it to build, configure, grow, and retire cloud i infrastructure as required. * For cloud settings, cloud infrastructure management functions similarly to a command centre or central nervous system. By offering the tools needed to securely manage consolidated resources, cloud infrastructure management provides for increased operational flexibility and agility while retaining cost savings. * The ability to achieve and sustain the promise of multi-cloud and hybrid cloud solutions is ultimately determined by cloud infrastructure management. These dispersed infrastructure architectures without it generates operational complexity that is difficult for individuals to handle manually. Even small teams can offer web- scale services with the right cloud infrastructure management. Cloud Infrastructure Management Tools * Provide engineers and other IT pros the tools they need to run their cloud environments on a daily basis. * While cloud providers frequently provide native management tools, these typically only allow control over their platform and services. Third-party cloud management solutions generally claim to provide a "360-degree view and management capabilities across all environments, which may be required in multi-cloud and hybrid cloud settings. ‘ * Cloud infrastructure management solutions provide some combinations of the following functionalities in either situation: 1, Provisioning and Configuration: These tools are used by developers—systems engineers, and other IT professionals to set up and configure the hardware and software resources they require: 7 ~~ Setting up anew server. i »e~ Installing an operating system or other applications, ~~ _Allocating storage resources and other cloud infrastructure requirements, \< This contains capabilities for allowing and managing self-service provisioning in which end users utilize a dashboard or other methods to create their own resources as needed according to preset rules.Cloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V] 113 eerncaceon Se CIOS 2. Visibility and Monitoring: Operators can use cloud infrastructure management technologies to “see” their environments. They also contain or connect with monitoring technologies that: check system health, << provide real-time warnings and notifications. 1 generate reporting and analytics. 3+ Resource allocation: Resource allocation capabilities, which are related to cost optimization, provide consumers granular control over how they utilize cloud infrastructure, including self-service provisioning. This is related to budgeting in that it involves properly allocating pooled resources and, in certain circumstances, establishing conditions for going over budget. Resource allocation capabilities, which are related to cost optimization, provide consumers granular control over how they utilize cloud infrastructure, including self-service provisioning. This is related to budgeting in that it involves properly allocating pooled resources and, in certain circumstances, establishing conditions for going over budget. \A, Cost optimization: Cloud infrastructure management solutions must have the capacity to manage expenses. Without this component, businesses are more likely to experience “sticker shock” when their cloud bill arrives. The key to improving the ROI of cloud infrastructure is proactive cost management through methods such as shutting off unused or unneeded resources. \% Automation: Automation features for different operational activities such as configuration management, auto-provisioning, and auto-scaling are occasionally available in cloud infrastructure management solutions. . Security: Another component of a comprehensive cloud security plan is cloud infrastructure management tools. They're one way to appropriately configure a cloud provider's native security measures depending on a specific arrangement and set of requirements. BiG rrasrrucrure-as-a-SERVICE ‘i esate This point already cover in same unit check point 23. Ce a ee > The cloud” refers to servers that are accessed over the Internet and the software and databases that run on those servers. Cloud computing transforms IT infrastructure into a utility: It lets you ‘plug into’ infrastructure via the internet and use computing resources without installing and maintaining them on-premises. 2 vSous ¢ Introduve Sta ee Seg as ittosinction 0 Chong ¢, amples of cloud computing includes: Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365,» ndar, Skype, WhatsApp, Zoom, AWS Lambda etc. The public cloud makes systems and services public to anybody with an Internet i Connection. Because of its openness, the public cloud may be less secure, Public clouds are ideal for small and medium sized businesses with a tight budget Fequiring a quick and easy platform in which to deploy IT resources. Within a company, the private cloud allows systems and services to be accessed Because of its private character, it is more secure. A collection of organizations can use the community cloud to access systems ang services, » The hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private cloud, with important tas}, being handled by private cloud and non-critical tasks handled by public cloud, * Cloud computing is based on service models. These are categorized into three basic Service models which are - Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Servicg (Pas), Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), BPO (Business Process Outsourcing). laaS helps users to use computing power or virtual machines without labor-intensive hardware investments or server management. Example of IaaS: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, Rackspace, Google Compute Engine. » PaaS isa cloud computing service that provides developers with a framework that can be used for building custom applications. Examples of PaaS solutions include Microsoft Azure, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Force.com. by Salesforce, Google App Engine, Rackspace Cloud Sites, Openshift, and Apache Stratos. ~ In Multi-tenancy cloud architecture all users and applications share a standard infrastructure that's centrally maintained. In terms of security, for instance this Suggests that each user gets the very best level of security laid out in your package, * BPO is an abbreviation that stands for Business Process Outsourcing. It consists of front-office customer services such as tech support and back-office business f functions like billing. Ch mal, ¥ LC t tety What type of computing technology refers to services and applications that typically run on a distributed network through virtualized resources? (a) Distributed Computing ~f0) Cloud Computing () Soft Computing (4) Parallel Computing 2, Which one of the following options can be considered as the Cloud? ‘ _{@) Hadoop (b) Intranet (c) Web Applications (4) All of the mentionedCloud Computing [BCA (Science) : Sem. V) Lai Introduction to Cloud Computing 3. Cloud computing is a kind of abstraction which is based on the notion of combining physical resources and represents them as resources to users, (a) Real yicieda Ue) Virtual (d) None of the mentioned 4. Which one of the following cloud concepts is related to sharing and pooling the resources? (a) Polymorphism (0) Virtualization (©) Abstraction (d) None of the mentioned 5. Which one of the following is Cloud Platform by Amazon? (a) Azure (>) Aws (ce) Cloudera (4) Allof the mentioned 6, Which of the following is the correct full form of SaaS? (a) Storage-as-a-Service (b) Server-as-a-Software fc}; Software-as-a-Service (4) None of the above 7. Which one of the following can be considered as the benefit of PaaS? (a) Lower administrative overhead (b) Lower total cost of ownership (C) More current system software _(d) All of the above 8, The terms "laaS" stand for? (a) TT-as-a-Service () Internet-as-a-Service —(b) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (d) Interoperability-as-a-Service 9. laaS usually shares issues with the A (a) Paas (b) Saas SAG Bothaandb (d) None of the above 10. Which of the following can be referred to the location and management of the cloud's infrastructure? (a) Service \(o) Deployment () Application (a) None of the mentioned Answers 10) | 2@ [30 [4% [50 [60 [7@ | 80 | 9.6 | 10.0) e Questions QI Answer the following questions in short. What is cloud computing? Which platforms are used for large scale cloud computing? What do you mean by software as a service? What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing? PwnpIntroduction 16 Cloud ¢ Sees DSSS TA ee sem] ue What is pubtic aoud? nero ee What are the security benefits of cloud computing? What is the difference detween cloud and traditional datacenters? Which services are provided by Window azure operating system? ~ What do you mean by VPN? What does it contain? What are the advantages of Cloud Computing? What cloud technologies have you worked with? What are the types of services in cloud computing? What are the disadvantages of SaaS? What is storage in cloud? Qa Answer the following questions. 10. bo m2 B. is ~1s. 16. pads 28. What are the advantages of using cloud computing? : What is the difference in cloud computing and computing for mobiles? What are the security aspects provided with cloud? List out different layers which define cloud architecture? Explain what is the use of “EUCALYPTUS” in cloud computing? What is the requirement of virtualization platform in implementing cloud? Before going for cloud computing platform what are the essential things to be taken in concern by users? What are the security lews which are implemented to secure data ina cloud? How important is the platform as a service? What is a cloud service? What are the features cloud computing? What are the advantages and disadvantages of laaS? What is cloud Infrastructure Management? - Explain the difference between PaaS and SaaS? What is the difference between public cloud and private cloud? What are the different layers of Cloud Computing? What are the different types of cloud computing? What are the features of PaaS? QUI Define the terms. Cloud Computing Public Cloud PaaS Platform asa service Infrastructure Management Data Security Ss