BS 6" ZOL-504 | Physiology of Coordination and Animal Behavior 4(3-1) Evolution and Principles of Systematic 3(2-1) #OL-508 | General and Molecular Genetics 4(3-1) ZOL-510 | Principles of Zoogeography 3(2-1) MIC-301 | Introductory Microbiology 3(2-1) aZOL-502 Metabolism3(2-1) Course Outlines Theory Bioenergetics: Concept of Free Energy and Standard Free Energy change. Energy rich compounds: Phosphoryl group transfers and ATP; Acyl phosphates; Enol phosphates and Thioesters, Carbohydrate Metabolism: Regulation and Anabolic cole of Glycolysis. Fate of Pyruvate under Aerobic and Anaerobic conditions. Gluconeogenesis, its regulation. Feeder Pathways in Glycolysis ic. Fructose, Galactose, Mannose, Glucose I-phosphate, Glyceraldehyde and Glycerol, Phosphorolysis of Glycogen. Biosyntehsis of Glycogen, Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism, Pentose phosphate pathway of Glucose oxidation and its major role in the animal tissues. Anabolic role of citric acid eyele intermediates: Regulation of Citric acid cycle. Lipid metabolism: Digestion, mobilization and transport of Fats. Biosynthesis and Utilization of Triacylglycerol. Activation of Faity acids and their transportation to mitochondria. Beta-Onidation and its Bivenergetics. Oxidation of unsaturated Fatty avid, Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty acid: As an example palmitic acid synthesis; Fatty acid synthetase (EAS) Models of FAS system in Bacteria, vertebrate tissue, Biosynthesis of unsaturated Fay acids, Aerobic and Anaerobic pathways. Ketone bodies their Biosynthesis, utilization and mle in the tissue. Cholesterol regulation. Nitrogen Metabolism: Metabolic fate of standard amino acids, Catabolism of Amino acids: Decarboxylation; Deamination and Transamination, Amino acid degradation showing entry points in citric acid eycle, Nitrogen Excretion and Urea cycle with Regulation. Incorporation of Ammonia in Glutamate and Glutamine, Sources of various atoms in Purine and Pyrimidine synthesis, Practicals 1. Demonstration of Acid Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide. 2. Determination of pKa values of an amino acid by preparation of titration curves, 3. Estimation of Free Amina Acids in Biological samples cotorimetrically 4. Separation and identification of various amino acids by Paper chromatography / PAGE. 3. Separation of various protein fractions by precipitation method. 6. Preparation of standard curve of proteins using Lowry’s technique, 7. Estimation of tissue (liver) proteins using Lowry's technique 8. Preparation of standard curve and Estimation of proteins by ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. 9. of standard curve and Estimation of DNA by colorimetric analysis using Diphenylamine method. 10, Preparation of standard curve and Estimation of total RNA by colorimetric analysis using Bial's Orcinal method. 11, Quantitative analysis of Diastase activity on starch, 12, Study on the effect of temperature on the enzymatic rate of reaction Text Books 1, David | Nelson, and Michael M, Cox, 2000, Lehninger Principles of Blochemisiry, 3rd Edition, Macmillan Worth Pubslihers, New York Additional Reading 1. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayer, P.A..and Rodwells, V-W., 2000, Harper's Biochemistry, 25th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New YorkZOL-504 Physiology of Coordination and Animal Behavior 4(3- Course Outlines Theory Physiological basis of Neuronal Functions Mechanisms in Resting Membrane Potentials: Eleetrogenie ion pump. Doanan equilbeium. lonic mechanisms in action potentials: Roles of ion channels. Propertics of action potential. Propagation of Action Potential: Synaptic transmission: Structure and function of electrical synapse &chemical synapse: Neurntransmitters: Synaptic receptors: Excitatory postsynaptic potentials; Inhibitory postsynaprie potentials; Presynaptic inhibitions: Integration at synapses: Facilitation, Postetanie Potcatiation. Photoreception: Ultasthicture af photoreceptors, Photochemistry, Phototransduction and physiological basis of color vision: Physiological mechanisms in electroseception. Chemical Messenger and Regulators'Endocrine Physiology: An overview of invertebrate endocrine structures, their hormones and physiological roles. An overview of hormones, their chemistry and physiological roles of Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid and associated structures, Endocrine pancreas, Gastropanereatic system, Adrenal medulla (Chromatfin Tissie), Adrenal cortex, Ovary, Testis and Placenta. Enclostine functions of kidneys & heart and pineal gland. A generalized model account of hormone synthesis, storage and secretion (a peptide hormane modet and steroid hormones}. General account of hormonal regulations, hormonal tumover, recognition: Mechanisms of hormonal interactions invelving metabolic, developmental, membrane receptors and nuclear modulated gene expression: The stuly of Animal Behaviour: Introduction, History of animal Behaviour, Approaches and Methods. Mechanisins of Behavior: The Nervous System and Behaviour. Hormones and Behaviour and Learning Behaviour, Finding Food and Shelier: Migration, Orientation and Navigation, Books Recommended 1. Randall, D., Burggeen, W., French, K, and Fernald, R.. 2002, Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanisms and Adaptations, Sth ed. WH, Freeman and Company; New York, 2. Bullock. J.. Boyle, And Wang. M.B.. 2001. Physiology. 4th edition, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia. 3. Bame, F.M. and Levy. M.N.. 2000, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 3rd edition, St. Lions, Mosby, 4. Guyton and hall 2000 Text book of Medical Physiology 10th, Edition, 5. Withers 1992 Comparative Animal Physiology, 6, Sdhmidt- Nelsen, K., 1997AnimalPhysiology.Adaptation and environment Sth, Edition Cambridge University Press Cambridge Practical Muscle and Neuromuscular Activity: Nerve muscle preparation, Musele twitch, Comparision of muscle and nerve irritability, effect of stimulus strength, effect of stimulus frequency (tetany), effeet of load or stretch, effect of prolonged activity (fatigue), stimulation of moter points in human, Excitability, Sensation and Behaviour: Recording of action potential by oscilloscope and demonstration of its various features Experiments to demonstrate charucteristic of reflex are, Experiment in human (students themselves) to demonstrate some aspect of sensory physiology. Endocrine and Reproductive Mechanisms: Elfect of insulin on glycemia, study of stages in estrous cycle, mechanisms in regulations of cantraction, Study of hibernation and biological rhythms,ZOL-506 Evolution and Principles of Systematic — 3(2-1) Course Contents Theory: Contribution of systematic to Biology: History of Taxonomy (Downward classification, upward classification, impact of origin of species and their delimitation, population systematics, current trendsk Microtaxonomy, phenon, Taxon; Taxonomic categories, species category, infraspecies category, higher categories; species concepts (Typologieal concept; nominalistic concept, Biological concept, evolutionary concept), Species mate recognition concept; non-dimensional species concept; Multidimensional species concept; Cohesion species concept; Difficulties in the application of biological species; ploytypic species, subspecies, superspecies, sibling species; study of major type of variation within a single population, Macrotaxonomy; different kinds of Synonym, Homonym, Ki Evolution of the theory of Nomenclature interpretation and application of the code (stability, priority, first revisor principle) range of authority of code, concem of availability, type method formation of specific names, cladistics, Taxonomic characters and their kinds and weightage, Importance and application of biosystematics in biological studies, The nature and origin to life, Evidences of evolution. Theories to explain the diversity to life ~ Lamarckism, Darwinism and Special Creation, The present status of these theories, Modern synthetic theory, Factors initiating elementary evolutionary changes (micro-evolution) by changing gene frequencies, mutation pressure, selection pressure and immigration, genetic drift, Role of isolation in evolution, Factors of large evolutionary changes, (macro-cvolution) Heterochrony, allometry, orthogenesis, adaptive radiation, Modern concept of Natural Selection; Level of selection, selection patterns, laboratory and field examples regarding action of Natural Selection, Action of Natural Selection leading tw convergence, radiation, regressin and extinction, Batesian mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, xual selection; Darwin's concept, Fisher's view, Zahavi's handicap theory, Trend and rates in evolution. Practicals: I Study of preserved invertebrate species and their classification up to class level, 2. Collection, Preservation and identi ion of common species with the help of keys, 3, Methods of stutistical analysis of samples from populations, 4. Preparation of keys for the identification of specimens, Text Books: 1, Ridley, M. 1993, Evolution, Blackwell Scientific Publications. 2, Mayer, E, 1969, Principles of Systematic Zoology, MeCiraw Hill York.ZOL-508 General and Molecular Genetics — 4(3-1) Course Contents Theory: ‘The basie principles of Inheritance (Mendelism); Monohybrid and Dihy/brid crosses Multiple Alleles: ABO Blood system, Genetics of Rh factor and Erythroblastasis Foetalis, Gene Interaction: Epistasis, Lethality and Pleiotropism, Sex Linked gene in human beings. Chromosome and Sex determination in human beings, Drosoph ehromosome number and structure: se la and other animals, Variation i ‘olyploidy, Aneupolidy and rearrangement of chromosome structure: Geneties of Bacteria: Transformation, conjugation and Transduction, Techniques of molecular genetics Basic techniques used to clone genes, construction and screening of DNA libraries, manipulation ef clone DNA sequences, molecular unalysis of DNA, RNA and protein, Analysis of human pedigrees. Gene therapy. DNA Fingerprints; Pater Amino acid metabolism (Phenylketonur ctabolism ¢ Purine’pyrimi ty te Alkaptonuria and Oculocutaneous albinism: Lipid Metabolism (Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Tay- metabolism (Lech ~ Nyhan disease) nd Forensic applications, Inbar errors of Metabolis: Carbohydrat hs disease: Practicals Study of Mitosis and Meiosis, Preparation of Drosophila culture, Study of morphology and karyotype. Study of Monohybrid and dihybrid ratio, sex-linked inheritance, Pedigree Analysis Detection af Blood Groups in humans. Problem relating to theory. See Books Recommended |. Sustad, D.P. and Simmon, MJ., 2003. Principles of Genetics. 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons ‘New York, 2 Muller, RF, and Young, LD., 2002, Emery's Elements of Medical Genetics. 11th Edit ‘Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Science, Limited, UK. 3. Tammarin, &.M. 1999, Principles of Genetics, 6th Edition, WCB, MeGraw Hill, New York, 4. Klug, W.S. und Cummings, M.R, 1994, Concepts of Genetics. 4th Edition, Macmillan Colleg ing Company, New York. 3. Strickberger, M.W. 1999, Genetics, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of I 6. Herskowiez, LH,, 1985, Genetics, Little Brown, Boston, USA, 7. Lewin, B. 2003, Gene VIL Oxford, UK. ia Private Lid,, New Dethi,ZOL-510 Principles of Zoogeography 3(2-1) Course Contents Theory: Introduction and history of Zoogeography, Branches of Zeogeography. Barriers to distribution and means of dispersal in Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial environment, Division of world into various zongeagraphical regions. Geographical limits, Physical, climatic features and faunas of Holarctic (Palaearctic and Nearetic), Oriental, Ethiopian, Australian, and Neotropical regions. Insular fauna [continental islands {Recent (British Isles, Borneo, Java, Japan, Formosa and Philippines, and Sri Lanka islands}}, {Ancient (New Zealand and Madagascar Island}}], [Oceanic Islands, (Azores, Bermuda, Galapagos, St. Helena and Karakatau Island)], Wallace's line, Weber's line and Wallacea. Continental drift theory and discontinuous distribution of animals. Practical: Identification and classification of various invertebrates and vertebrates of Zoogeographical importance, ‘Text and Reference Books 1. The Hive and the Honey bee by Dadant & Sons (Hamilton) ILLinois ed (2016) 2. Ahmad, R. 1979. A Guide to Bee Keeping in Pakistan, Extension Book: 3. Asian Honey Bees; Biology, Conservation, and Human Interactions by Benjamin P. Oldroyd; Siriwat Wongsiri published Harvard University Press (May 15, 2006)MIC-301 Introductory Microbiology 3(2-1) Department of Microbiology Government College University Faisalabad Course Tithe Introductory Microbioloy Course Code MIC-301 Credit Hours 32- Total Marks 60) Contact Hours 4 Hours Per Week (2 Hours Theory +2 Hours Practical) Semester Duration 18 Weeks Mid Term Examination o" Week Final Term Examination. 1a" Week Instructor Name Dr. Muhammad Hidayat Rasoo! Session 2018-22 Semester (Morning/ Evening) | | Program BS Microbiology Learning Objectives of the Course 1 | Course is designed to introduce students to the Science of Microbiology and microorganisms, 2° | To give them an overview about the microbial world, scope and brunches of microbiology and basic knowledge of different microorganisms. 7 | To theoretically and practically equip them with basic techniques uscd in Microbiology. @ | To impart some preliminary knowledge about how to control microbial life and brief overview of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial drug resistance, 5 | After this course students will be able to understand the detail knowledge and techniques with tespect to different microorganisms during specific courses in future semesters. ‘Course Contents of and an overview of Microbiology Taboratory Safety: Containment and decontamination Historical Development in MicrobiologyLecture-5 Microscope & Microscopy: Principles, functions and am differences of various types of light and electron microscopes Lecture-6 Classification and brief introduction of Microorganisms: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Parasites, Viruses ete. Practical-3 Introduction to Materials and equipments used in Microbiology Lecture-7 Nomenclature and general morphology (size, shape & a arrangement) of microorganisms (bacteria) Lecture-8 Quiz Practical Introduction to Materials and equipments used im Microbiology (Continued) Lecture-9 Cellular morphology of Bacteria: structures extemal to cell ss wall & cell wall Lecture-10 Cellular morphology of Bacteria; structures internal to cell wall Moist heat sterilization: Use of Autoclave Bacterial growth and growth curve o* Lecture-12 Growth rate, generation time and their calculations Practical-6 Dry heat sterilization: Use of Hot air oven Lecture-13 ‘Assignment 7 Lecture-14 Growth requirements of bacteria (Physical) Practical-7 Preparation and sterilization of culture media Lecture-15 Growth requirements of bacteria (Chemical/ Nutritional) B® Lecture-16 Growth characteristics of bacteria on agar and in broth media Practical-8 Preparation and sterilization of glass ware 9 Mid Term Mid Term of 12 Marks (05 Marks objective) and (07 Marks Examination subjective) Lecture-17 Culture Media: Classification, composition and use ofculture media with examples la nn 14® 16” Lecture-14 Bacterial spores and toxins Practical-9 Isolation of bacteria: Pour plate and spread plate methods Lecture-19 Phosphorylation; Substrate level phosphorylation, photo phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation Lecture-20 General methods of studying microorganisms: cultivation, Purification, identification and characterization Practical-10 Isolation of bacteria: Streak plate method Lecture-21 Quiz Lecture-22 Comral of microorganiams by physical and chemical methods Practical-11 ‘Staining of bacteria: Preparation and fixation of bacterial siiiears Tecture-23 Basle properties of fimgi, protozoa and algae Lecture-24 A brief introduction to viruses: classification, symmetries, cultivation and propagation Practical-12 Gram’s staining Lecture-25 Bacteriophages: structure, life cycle, cultivation and identification Lecture-26 Assignment Practical-13 | Spore staining Lecture-27 Introduction to chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics: mechanisms of action of antibiotics Lecture-28 Mechanisms of action of antibiotics (Continued) Practical-14 Acid Fast staining Lecture-29 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: disc diffusion / agar well diffusion methods Lecture- 0 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing’ MIC determination: micro broth dilution method and e-test Practical-15 Enumeration of bacteria: Total count through Bread’s simearLecture-32 Revision and question answer session Practical-16 Viable count: Plate count method Final Term Sessional including Quizzes, assignments, presentations ete Examination! (08 Marks) Result Final Term of 20 Marks (08 Objective) and (12 subjective) Submission! Practical of 20 Marks Enrolment Learning sources’ Recommended Books/Manuals Tortora, G., Christine, L, Case, C.L. Funke, H.R, Funke, B., Case, C., 201 Microbiology: An Introduction, 9" Ed., Pearson Education, USA, Talaro, K.P., 2006. Foundations in Microbiology: Basic Principles. McGraw Hi ‘Companies. Kathicen P, T., and Arthur, T. 2001, Foundations in Microbiology; Basie Princip: McGraw-Hill Companies. . Alcamo, LE. 2001. Fundamentals of Microbiology, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, USA Black, J. G,, 2005, Microbiology: principles and explorations, 6" IBd., J. Wiley & Sor USA. Cappuceino, J.G, and Sherman, N. 2004, Microbiology: a laboratory manual, Pears Education, USA, . Awan, JA. and $.U. Rahman, 2002, Microbiology Manual. Unitech Communicatior Faisalabad,