NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Exercise 10.1 Page No: 428
1. Represent graphically a displacement of 40 km, 30° east of north.
Solution:
The vector
represents the displacement of 40 km, 30o east of north.
2. Classify the following measures as scalars and vectors.
(i) 10 kg (ii) 2 metres north-west (iii) 40°
(iv) 40 watt (v) 10–19 coulomb (vi) 20 m/s2
Solution:
(i) 10 kg is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude.
(ii) 2 meters north-west is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
(iii) 40° is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
(iv) 40 watt is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
(v) 10–19 coulomb is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
(vi) 20 m/s2 is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
3. Classify the following as scalar and vector quantities.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
(i) time period (ii) distance (iii) force
(iv) velocity (v) work done
Solution:
(i) Time period is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
(ii) Distance is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
(iii) Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
(iv) Velocity is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude as well as direction.
(v) Work done is a scalar quantity as it has only magnitude.
4. In Figure, identify the following vectors.
(i) Coinitial (ii) Equal (iii) Collinear but not equal
Solution:
directions
are not the same.
5. Answer the following as true or false.
(i) and are collinear.
(ii) Two collinear vectors are always equal in magnitude.
(iii) Two vectors having the same magnitude are collinear.
(iv) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude are equal.
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
(i) True.
Vectors
and
are parallel to the same line.
(ii) False.
Collinear vectors are those vectors that are parallel to the same line.
(iii) False.
Two vectors having the same magnitude need not necessarily be parallel to the same line.
(iv) False.
Only if the magnitude and direction of two vectors are the same, regardless of the positions of their initial points, the
two vectors are said to be equal.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Exercise 10.2 Page No: 440
1. Compute the magnitude of the following vectors.
Solution:
Given, vectors are
2. Write two different vectors having the same magnitude.
Solution:
3. Write two different vectors having the same direction.
Solution:
Two different vectors having the same directions are
Let us
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
4. Find the values of x and y so that the vectors are equal
Solution:
Given vectors
will be equal only if their corresponding components are equal.
Thus, the required values of x and y are 2 and 3, respectively.
5. Find the scalar and vector components of the vector with the initial point (2, 1) and terminal point (–5, 7).
Solution:
The scalar and vector components are
The vector with initial point P (2, 1) and terminal point Q (–5, 7) can be shown as
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Thus, the required scalar components are –7 and 6, while the vector components are
6. Find the sum of the vectors.
Solution:
Let us find the sum of the vectors.
7. Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector.
Solution:
We know that
8. Find the unit vector in the direction of vector, where P and Q are the points
(1, 2, 3) and (4, 5, 6), respectively.
Solution:
We know that,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
9. For given vectors and , find the unit vector in the direction of the vector
Solution:
We know that,
10. Find a vector in the direction of the vector which has magnitude of 8 units.
Solution:
Firstly,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
11. Show that the vectors are collinear.
Solution:
First,
Therefore, we can say that the given vectors are collinear.
12. Find the direction cosines of the vector
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
First,
13. Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A (1, 2, –3) and
B (–1, –2, 1) directed from A to B.
Solution:
We know that the given points are A (1, 2, –3) and B (–1, –2, 1).
Now,
14. Show that the vector is equally inclined to the axes OX, OY, and OZ.
Solution:
Firstly,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
15. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q, whose position
vectors are , respectively, in the ratio 2:1
(i) internally
(ii) externally
Solution:
We know that
The position vector of point R dividing the line segment joining two points.
P and Q in the ratio m: n is given by
16. Find the position vector of the midpoint of the vector joining the points P (2, 3, 4) and Q (4, 1, – 2).
Solution:
The position vector of mid-point R of the vector joining points P (2, 3, 4) and Q (4, 1, – 2) is given by
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
17. Show that the points A, B and C with position vectors, ,
respectively, form the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
Solution:
We know
Given position vectors of points A, B, and C are
Hence, proved that the given points form the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
18. In triangle ABC (Fig 10.18), which of the following is not true.
Solution:
First, let us consider,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
19. If are two collinear vectors, then which of the following is incorrect?
A. , for some scalar λ
B.
C. The respective components of are proportional
D. Both the vectors have the same direction, but different magnitudes
Solution:
We know,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Exercise 10.3 Page No: 447
1. Find the angle between two vectors and with magnitudes √3 and 2, respectively having .
Solution:
First, let us consider,
2. Find the angle between the vectors
Solution:
Let us consider the
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence, the angle between the vectors is cos-1 (5/7).
3. Find the projection of the vector on the vector .
Solution:
First,
4. Find the projection of the vector on the vector .
Solution:
First,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence, the projection is 60/√114.
5. Show that each of the given three vectors is a unit vector.
Also, show that they are mutually perpendicular to each other.
Solution:
It is given that
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
6. Find
Solution:
Let us consider,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
7. Evaluate the product
Solution:
Let us consider the given expression
8. Find the magnitude of two vectors , having the same magnitude and such that the angle between
them is 60° and their scalar product is ½.
Solution:
First,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence, the magnitude of the two vectors is 1.
Solution:
Let us consider,
Hence, the value is √13.
10. If are such that is perpendicular to , then find the
value of λ.
Solution:
We know that the
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
11. Show that is perpendicular to , for any two nonzero vectors .
Solution:
Let us consider,
12. If , then what can be concluded about the vector ?
Solution:
We know,
13. If are unit vectors such that , find the value of .
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
Consider the given vectors,
Hence, the value is -3/2.
14. If either vector , then . But the converse need not be true. Justify your answer with
an example.
Solution:
First,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
15. If the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC are (1, 2, 3), (–1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 2), respectively, then find ∠ABC. [∠ABC
is the angle between the vectors and ]
Solution:
We know,
Hence, the angle is cos-1 (10/ √102).
16. Show that the points A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3) and C (3, 10, –1) are collinear.
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Let us consider,
Given points are A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3), and C (3, 10, –1).
Now,
Therefore, the given points A, B, and C are collinear.
17. Show that the vectors form the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
Solution:
First, consider
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
Explanation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Exercise 10.4 Page No: 454
1. Find , if and
Solution:
It is given that,
2. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where and
.
Solution:
It is given that,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
First,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
4. Show that
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
First, consider the LHS,
We have
5. Find λ and μ if .
Solution:
It is given that
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
It is given that
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
First, let us consider,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
9. Find the area of the triangle with vertices A (1, 1, 2), B (2, 3, 5) and C (1, 5, 5).
Solution:
We know
10. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the
vector .
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Let us consider,
Solution:
Explanation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
12. Area of a rectangle having vertices A, B, C, and D with position
vectors and , respectively is
Solution:
Explanation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Miscellaneous Exercise Page No: 458
1. Write down a unit vector in XY-plane, making an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the x-axis.
Solution:
Let us consider,
2. Find the scalar components and magnitude of the vector joining the points P (x1, y1, z1) and Q (x2, y2, z2).
Solution:
First, let us consider,
3. A girl walks 4 km towards west, then she walks 3 km in a direction 30° east of north and stops. Determine the
girl’s displacement from her initial point of departure.
Solution:
It is given that
Let O and B be the initial and final positions of the girl, respectively.
Then, the girl’s position can be shown as
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
4. If , then, is it true that ? Justify
your answer.
Solution:
It is given that,
5. Find the value of x for which is a unit vector.
Solution:
We know,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
6. Find a vector of magnitude 5 units, and parallel to the resultant of the vectors
Solution:
Let us consider that the
7. If , find a unit vector parallel to the vector .
Solution:
Let us consider the given vectors,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
8. Show that the points A (1, –2, –8), B (5, 0, –2) and C (11, 3, 7) are collinear, and find the ratio in which B
divides AC.
Solution:
First, let us consider,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
9. Find the position vector of a point R, which divides the line joining two points P and Q, whose position vectors
are externally in the ratio 1: 2. Also, show that P is the midpoint of the line segment RQ.
Solution:
We know,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
10. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are and .
Find the unit vector parallel to its diagonal. Also, find its area.
Solution:
First, let us consider,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
11. Show that the direction cosines of a vector equally inclined to the axes OX, OY and OZ are .
Solution:
First,
Let’s assume a vector to be equally inclined to axes OX, OY, and OZ at angle α.
Then, the direction cosines of the vector are cos α, cos α, and cos α.
Now, we know that
Therefore, the direction cosines of the vector, which are equally inclined to the axes, are
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence, proved.
Solution:
Assume,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
13. The scalar product of the vector with a unit vector along the sum of vectors
and is equal to one. Find the value of .
Solution:
Let’s consider the
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
14. If are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, show that the vector is equally
inclined to and .
Solution:
Let’s assume,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence proved.
15. Prove that , if and only if are perpendicular, given .
Solution:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
It is given that
Hence, proved.
Solution:
Explanation:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Solution:
Explanation:
Hence the correct answer is D.
18. The value of is
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) 3
Solution:
Explanation:
It is given that,
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 10 –
Vector Algebra
Hence, the correct answer is C.
Solution:
Explanation:
