II.

Introduction

A. Rationale
Dropping out of school is a significant decision with far-reaching implications. When

students choose to leave their education prematurely, they face numerous challenges and missed

opportunities. The reasons behind this choice can vary, from personal circumstances to academic

struggles. However, the consequences of dropping out can include limited job prospects, reduced

earning potential, and hindered personal and intellectual development. It is essential to recognize

the importance of completing one's education for a brighter future. A study conducted by

Rumberger (2011) as cited by Tsolou (2021) found that dropouts are more likely to be

unemployed, rely on public assistance, and face higher rates of incarceration. The consequences

of dropping out not only affect individuals but also have broader social and economic

implications.

The issue of dropping out in high school is a significant concern in the Philippines.

According to the Annual Poverty Indicators Survey conducted by the Philippine Statistics

Authority (PSA) in 2019, around 5.9% of Filipinos aged 6 to 24 years old were out-of-school

youth. There are many factors of dropping out of junior high school students in Marcial B.

Villanueva National Highschool. Some of them are dropping for the reason of financial

problems, bullying, difficulty in keeping up and more. As cited by Frigon, (2022), the social and

personal development alarmingly impacts the case of dropping out of students for the reason that

high school provides a supportive environment for personal growth and social interaction. It

offers opportunities to develop communication skills, teamwork, leadership abilities, and a sense

of responsibility.

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 As stated by the Dropping out of school is a serious issue that can have long-term

consequences for individuals. Similarly, from a report by UNESCO, individuals who drop out of

school are more likely to face unemployment and lower wages compared to those with higher

levels of education. Furthermore, the National Dropout Prevention Center/Network emphasizes

that dropping out can lead to higher rates of poverty, incarceration, and health problems.

Moreover, As stated by the DO 74, S. 2010 – Guidelines on Mainstreaming the Dropout

Reduction Program (Dorp) In the Public Secondary Schools Sec. 1, the challenges posed by

Project ReACH – “Find them, Reach them, Keep them and Make them Complete School”

inspired the implementers of the Dropout Reduction Program (DORP) in the secondary schools

to perform better. Therefore, a need for investigation on the Factors of Dropping Out of students

from schools should be consider, especially the status in the Junior High School Students in

Marcial B. Villanueva National High School. Report (2016) stated that addressing the issue of

student dropout is crucial for two main reasons. Dropping out of school has significant social and

economic consequences for individuals and society as a whole. It can perpetuate cycles of

poverty, limit employment opportunities, and hinder overall economic development. He asserted

that dropping out of school has no positive effect as it hampers individuals' access to educational

opportunities and limits their ability to acquire essential knowledge and skills.

The present study aims to investigate the factors contributing to student dropout in Marcial

B. Villanueva National High School at the junior high level. The research endeavors to assist

researchers and educators in analyzing the issue comprehensively and formulating effective

strategies to reduce the dropout rate within the school. By identifying the specific reasons behind

student dropout, this study seeks to provide valuable insights that will aid in implementing

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targeted interventions and fostering a supportive educational environment for all students at

Marcial B. Villanueva National High School.

B. Statement of the problem

Every year the school has a large number of students that decided to drop out due to some

factors resulting in them not completing the junior high school year.

The researchers intend to answer the following questions:

1.What is the number of dropped out per grade in Junior High Scholl students of Marcial B.

Villanueva

National High School?

2.What is the factors of dropping out of Junior High School students?

C. Significance of the Study

This study is about the Factors of Dropping Out of Junior High School Students in

Marcial B. Villanueva National High School which will be beneficial to school, teachers, parents,

students and future researchers.

School will have a greater understanding and will make action towards this topic.

Teachers will be a greater understanding of the factors of dropping out of junior high

school students.

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 Parents will have a better understanding in this issue. They will know why some students

are dropping out instead of enjoying and persuing their dreams in school.

Students will have a greater understanding and will be more aware of the factors of the

dropping out of junior high school students.

Future Researchers can use this as their reference in collecting and gathering ideas and

information that are essential to the study they would be conducting in the future.

D. Assumptions of the Study

This study is all about the factors of dropping out of junior high school students in Marcial

B. Villanueva National High School.

All the data in this study were analyzed it was assumed that the participants responded

truthfully in the survey questions.

It is also assumed that the responses of the participants were accurate.

The result of this study will help school, teachers, parents and even future researchers.

E. Final Output

The final output of this study is the methods and strategies to lessen the number of

dropping out students in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School. For instance, school

counselors should address issues in the groups that meet the dropping out issues. Then formulate

specific and coherent evidence-based recommendations that the respondents suggested.

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 Researchers assure that the research results are accessible to our target audience making

results easy to understand.

F. Target Beneficiaries

Target Beneficiaries of this Study Total

Junior High School Advisers 36

III. Research Methodology

A. Research Design

This study employs a quantitative approach and utilizes an experimental research design. A

checklist was employed to collect data on the experiences of teachers regarding the factors

influencing the dropout rates of Junior High School students. The data collection and analysis

involve obtaining detailed information from the advisers responses to specific questions, aiming

to gain a comprehensive understanding of their past students experiences.

B. Subject Selection

GRADE LEVEL Total Number of Junior High School Advisers

Grade 7 8

Grade 8 9

Grade 9 9

Grade 10 10

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 TOTAL 36

C. Sampling Method

This study picked advisers as their respondents to know the factors that cause Junior High

School students of Marcial B. Villanueva National High School decided to dropped out.

The total of advisers in Junior High School is 36. 8 in Grade 7, 9 in Grade 8 and 9 and

last is Grade 10 which has 10 advisers. We picked advisers as respondents to our research to

make sure that the answers are literally or truantly from the previous students.

D. Data Analysis

The statistical treatment used in this study is percentage. We used percentage and we

calculated based on results for all the completed subjects.

Statistical Formula
- Percentage is used to interpret and analysis the data from a
recognition-type questionnaire.

f
Percentage = ______________ x 100
n
where: frequency
n = number of respondents

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 e. Research Framework

Input Process Output

-Problem in cultivating -analysis

students’ reading skills in the

-distribution of questionaires
Filipino subject to students and teachers

Reading Intervention
-conducting a survey to find
-Strategies used by teachers to
out the problems affecting the
students’ reading ability
train students in reading.

IV. Result and Discussion

Factors Of Dropping Out of Junior High School Students in

Marcial B. Villanueva National High School
Table I

Grade Enrollees Dropped Out Percentage

Grade 7 266 30 11%
Grade 8 301 25 8%
Grade 9 272 22 8%
Grade 10 299 28 9%
Total 1138 105 36%

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Table 1 presents the number of Dropped out in Junior High School Students in Marcial B. Villanueva

National High School.

The highest in total of dropped out is Grade 7 with 11 percent. Meanwhile, the lowest in total of dropped

out are Grade 8 and 9 with both 8 percent. The total percentage of dropped out is 36.

Factors Of Dropping Out of Junior High School Students in

Marcial B. Villanueva National High School
Table 2

Table 2.1

A. Domestic-Related Factors Frequency Percentage

1. Had to take care of 1 3 3.33
siblings
2. 23E10a64rly marriage / 7 23 23.33
pregnancy
3. Parents attitude towards 3 10 10
schooling
4. Family problems 19 64 63.33
Total 30 100%

In this table, our study found that family problems were highly prevalent, with 63.33% of

participants reporting experiencing financial stress, relationship conflicts, and other related issues.

Additionally, we found that parents' negative attitudes towards schooling were associated with lower

academic achievement with a 10% participants and attendance rates. These findings underscore the

importance of considering family factors in interventions aimed at promoting academic success and well-

being.

Table 2.2

B. Individual-Related Factors Frequency Percentage

1. Illness 3 8 8.11
2. Overage 1 3 2.70
3. Death 1 3 2.70
4. Drug abuse 0 0 0

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 5. Poor Academic Performance 3 8 8.11
6. Lack of Interest/Distractions 29 78 78.38
7. Hunger/Malnutrition 0 0 100
Total 37

In table 2.2, we found out that lack of interest and distractions were highly prevalent among students,

with 78.38% of participants reporting difficulty staying focused and engaged in academic tasks. In

contrast, drug abuse was relatively low, with 0% of participants reporting drug use. These findings

suggest that interventions aimed at improving academic engagement and reducing distractions may be

more relevant and effective than those focused on substance abuse prevention in this population.

Table 2.3

C. School-Related Factors Frequency Percentage

1. Teacher Factor 3 8 8.11
2. Physical Conditions of Classroom 1 3 2.70
3. Peer Influence 1 3 2.70
Total 37

Table 2.4

D. Geographic/Environmental Frequency Percentage

1. Distance between home and 14 100
school
2. Armed conflict (including, Tribal 0 0
wars &clanfueds)
3. Calamities / Disasters 0 0
Total 14 100

In table 2.3, one in our 36 respondents answered a peer influence. However, table 4 has 14 respondents

who answered the problem of distance between school and home.

Table 2.5

E. Financial-Related Frequency Percentage

1. Child Labor, Work 26 100
Total 26 100

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In table 2.4, there are 26 respondents who has the problem in child labor, work.

V. Conclusion
Based on indicated findings, the following are the conclusion drawn:

1. This study shows that the students of Marcial B. Villanueva National High School has a

numerous dropouts.

2. This study presents highest to lowest factors of dropping out of Junior High School Students per

table. This skill show the common and uncommon reasons of dropped out of Junior High School

Students in MBVNHS.

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VI. Recommendation
This study reveals the Factors of Dropping Out of Junior High School Students. Thus, the

following recommendation are here by presented:

1. It is proven that there are so many students that decided to dropped out in Marcial B. Villanueva

National High School Therefore, the researchers recommend that the teachers, SSLG, other

organization inside school and principal should make action to lessen the dropping out for

example stress box the students who have problems in school will put it in the box and the

teachers, SSLG members, other organization will check it every week and will make action to it.

2. As the researchers found out that the highest or most common in factors is the individual-related

factors, the researchers recommend a intervention program for the students that have a problem

inside the school so the school will make action towards their problems.

VII. References

2021). Investigation of High School Students’ Dropout Risk Level. Investigation of High School

Students’ Dropout Risk Level, 9(1). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1297705.pdf

Annual Poverty Indicators Survey | Philippine Statistics Authority. (n.d.). https://psa.gov.ph/apis-

index

June 4, 2010 DO 74, s. 2010 – Guidelines on Mainstreaming the Dropout Reduction Program

(DORP) in the Public Secondary Schools | Department of Education. (2010, June 4).

https://www.deped.gov.ph/2010/06/04/do-74-s-2010-guidelines-on-mainstreaming-the-dropout-

reduction-program-dorp-in-the-public-secondary-schools/

Out-of-School Children and Youth. (2020, January 16). UNESCO UIS.

https://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/out-school-children-and-youth

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Rumberger, R. W. (2011). Dropping Out Why Students Drop Out of High School and What Can

Be Done about It. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. - References - Scientific Research

Publishing. (n.d.).

https://www.scirp.org/%28S%28czeh2tfqyw2orz553k1w0r45%29%29/reference/

referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2937189

VIII. Appendices

A. INFORMATION CONSENT FORM

The general nature of this study entitled “FACTORS OF DROPPING OUT OF JUNIOR HIGH

SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MARCIAL B. VILLANUEVA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

” conducted by GROUP 2– SECTION FHP has been explained to me. I understand that

I will be asked to answer the attached questionnaire.

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 My participation in this study may take a total of about 60 minutes. I understand that my

responses will be confidential or that anonymity will be preserved and that my name will not be

associated with any results of this study. I know that I may refuse to answer any question asked

and that I may discontinue participation at any time. Potential risks resulting from my

participation in this research have been described to me. I am aware that I may report

dissatisfactions with any aspect of this research.

My signature below signifies my voluntary participation in this research, and that I have

received a copy of this consent form.

Questions or interest in results of this research study may be obtained by contacting the

lead researchers, PHOEBI BELMONTE (09195166300) and KAYE JAVIER (09955211700).

_________________________ ____________________________
Date Printed Name/Signature

E. Documentation of Data Gathering

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G. BIONOTE

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Kaye B. Javier was born in San Francisco Quezon on March 10, 2007. She is currently a 4th year high

school student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School and an honor student. Her dream is to

become a registered nurse someday.

Mark Jil R. Alcontado was born in San Francisco Quezon on November 12, 2006. He is currently a 4th

year high school student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School. He's dream is to become an

army someday.

Rosemarie C. Roldan was born in Purok 7 Poblacion, San Francisco Quezon on April 14, 2007. She's

currently a 4th year high school student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School. She still finishing

her junior high and she's going to take the strand GAS and her dream is to become an registered nurse.

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Dominic Echano was born in san francisco quezon on August 23 2005 he is currentlya grade 10 students

in Marcial b villanueva National High School he still finishing his junior high and his going to take the

strand tvl/he.

Rainyleen G. Bonillo was born in Lucena City on March 05, 2007. She is currently a 4th year high

school student, under the advisory of Francis Anthony Perjes. She still finishing her junior high school

life and she's going to take the strand ICT and her dream is to become an Licensed Engineer.

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Phoebe Belmonte was born in Atimonan quezon on October 22, 2007 she is currently a grade 10 student

in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School under the advisory of Teacher Anthony Perez, a honor

student and her dream is to be a lawyer someday.

Jhasper Quimora was born in Purok 7 Poblacion, San Francisco Quezon on March 21, 2007. He is

currently a 4th year high school student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School and his dream is

to become an Army

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Roxanne Alvasan was born in Purok 7 Poblacion San Francisco Quezon on September 10, 2007. She is

currently a 4th year high school student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School and her dream is

to become an Teacher.

Danian Ashley P. Perjes was born in Purok 7 Poblacion, San Francisco Quezon on September 11, 2005.

He is currently a Grade 10 student in Marcial B. Villanueva National High School and he wants to be a

lieutenant someday.

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