20533 ADJUSTERS MANUAL 3 SINGER SEWING MACHINES CLASS 20 SINGLE THREAD CHAIN STITCH THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY Copyright, U. 6.4. 186, 1982 and 1954, by Te All Rights Reserved Manufacturing Company *A Trade Mark of THE SINGER MANUFACTURING COMPANYa > S rommo Fig. 2. Principal Parts of Mechine 20-10 . Thread Hole in Tension Bracket Tension Discs Tension Regulating Thumb Nut Thread Nipper Spool Pin Thread Pull OF . Hand Wheel . Driving Handle Clamp J. Clamp Screw K. Stitch Regulator L. Looper M. Cloth Plate N_ Presser Foot ©. Cloth Guide Thumb Screw 2»P. Cloth Guide @Q. Needle Set Screw R. Presser Bar Lifter S. Presser Bar T. Needle Bar3 DESCRIPTION Machines of Class 20 are practical, convenient, single thread chain stitch sewing machines made especially for children. They may also be used by adults for repairing clothes and light household articles. Machines 20-1 and 20-10 are operated manually. Mechine 20-2 is operated by motor, although it too can be operated manually by removing motor and attaching a handle to hand wheel. All Machines of Class 20 have a cloth guide for use when sewing close to edge of material. The rotary looper makes one revolution per stitch The needle is threaded from left to right. An, arm side cover encloses movable parts of arm ef Machine 20-10. A clamp, for fastening machine to a table or desk, is furnished with all Machines of Class 20. All electrical paris of motor of Machine 20-2 are enclosed in o bakelite shell, eliminating the danger of electrical shack. The motor requires no ctiention except occasional 0 be used only on 110 volt, 60 cycle, alternating current (A. ©), - It TO PREPARE MACHINE FOR SEWING 1, Inspect for possible damage incurred during transit. Bent shaft, broken wheel, etc. Check machine for free turning quelities. Rinse with Varsol, then wipe off cll traces of tacky, anti-rust oil used to protect polished and plated surfaces. 4. Oil machine completely. See page 14. Wipe away any surplus oil. 5. Check condition of needle before making sewing tests. See item 4, top of page 15. 6. Check timing of feed and position See page 9. looper in relation to needle. Check lcoper shaft for correct amount of end play. See page 9. Check hand wheel for correat amount of end olay. See page 13. Glazed cotton thread is recommended for improved sewing results. 10. Sew-in machine and check stitching. See page 8.DESCRIPTION OF 24 X 1 NEEDLES Needles for Machines of Class 20 are of Class and Variety 24 x 1 in Sizes 9, 11, 14 and 16. The size of needle to be used depends upon the size of the thread which must pass freely through eye of needle. Do not use rough or uneven thread or thread which passes with difficulty through needle eye, as such thread will interfere with the successful use of the machine. Although needles cre made with different diameter of blades, certain dimensions remain constant for all needles of the same Class and Variety. FLAT SIDE JOP SHANK, Fig. 3. Needlle Distances For example, the distance X between the short-grooved side of needle blade and the position of the flat-side of the needle shank, seated in needle ber, is constant, maintaining an identical relation- ship between short-groove side of all 24 x 1 needles and looper point. Therefore, any increase in diameter of blade results in a shifting of only the centerline of needle blade cway from looper point. Another constant is distance Y from end of shank to top of eye, meintaining an identical relationship between needle eye and lecper point, during formation of thread loop. However, the size of needle eye increases with the size of needle to accommodate heevier thread. Therefore, any increase in the length of a 24 x 1 needle is made from the top of the needle eye toward the point of the needle.HOW TO CHECK A NEEDLE FOR STRAIGHTNESS Plaée flat side of needle on cloth plate or any other flat solid surface end hold up to light, as shown in Fig. 3A. A straight needle will show @n even amount of light under it and point will be in line with shank. 9A. Checking Needle TO SET NEEDLE IN NEEDLE BAR Turn hand wheel ever MOVETO 4 eway from operator unti] HIGHEST needle bar reaches its high- POINT est point. Loosen needle set serew A, Fig. 4. With fat side of needle to the right, INSERT cs shown in Fig. 4, crs NEEDLE UP needle up into needle bar POSSIBLE as far as it will go and tighten set screw A. Fig. 4. Sotting the NeedleFORMATION OF SINGLE THREAD CHAIN STITCH Fig. 5. Looper Entering Fig. 6. Loop Being Carried Leep of Needle Thread Through Previous Leep Fig. 5 shows the first stage in stitch formation. The needle, after descending 10 its lowest point, has keen slightly raised and a loop of thread is thus formed which is immediately entered by point of looper and carried by it into the preceding loop. Fig. 6 shows the second stage. The loop cf thread is being car- ried By point of leoper down through preceding loop. The heel of looper is about to release preceding loop.FORMATION OF SINGLE THREAD CHAIN STITCH (Continued) LOOPER Fig. 7. Loop Enlerged and Fig. 8. Loop Further Enlarged Previous Loop Drawn Up and Previous Leop Completed Fig. 7 shows the third stage. The loop is further enlarged by the downward movement of point of leoper. The preceding loop has been released and is being drawn closer to fabric by movement of looper, assisted by the raising cf needle bar. Fig. 8 shows the completed stitch. The loop of the stitch in process is drawn down io its fullest extent by looper. The preceding stitch has been drawn closely against-the underside of fabric and is com- pleted, the needle bar having reached its highest point.TO REGULATE TENSION ON THREAD Tension on thread, once reguicted, seldom re. quires changing. The thread nipper spring B, Fig. 9 is automat- _.jcally controlled by needle bar lever at C, Fig. 9. The nipper is opened just be- fore needle bar reaches its highest point and remains open until needle bar has drown off sufficient thread for next stitch. The thread nipper should open to approxi- mately 1/32” when needle bar is at its highest point. Fig. 9. To Regulate Tension If puckering or thread breakage occurs at light tension settings, raise needle bar to highest point and check nipper opening, If neces- sery, reshape contac! finger of nipper so that correct opening is obtained, If stitches cre so tight that they pucker material, decrease tension by lurning thumb nut E, Fig. 9 over to the left (counter-clockwise). If stitches are too loose, increase tension by turning thumb nuit E over to the right (clockwise). 1f thread bearing surfaces are rusted, they should be TO REGULATE LENGTH OF STITCH The length of stitch is regulated by lever F, Fig. 10. For a longer stitch, move lever F down away frem operater. For a shorter stitch, move lever Eup toward operator. Fig. 10. To Regulote Length of StitchTO TIME FEED AND LOCATE FEED ECCENTRIC AND LOOPER NOTE: If screw L is loosened, all adjustments (timing feed and locating feed eccentric and looper) must be made as instructed below. Fig. 11, Timing the Feed To time feed, turn hand wheel over away from operator until looper point is centered with needle, as shown at M, Fig. 17. Loosen set screw L, Fig. 11 and turn feed eccentric K so that screw L is in position shown in Fig. 11. To locate feed eccentric K, hold pinion gear @, Fig. 17 against machine and adjust feed eccentric K for a slight amount of clearance (not to exceed .003 inch,) as shown in Fig. 11A. Do net tighten screw L at this time. To locate looper R, move looper as close to neodle as possible as shown at D, Fig. 11A, and then, after all adjust ments have been made as insiructed above, tighten set screw L, Fig. 11. Re- check acjusiments. Fig. 11. Lecating Feed es Eccentric and Looper tUse .003 Feeler Gauge Serial 187928 Complete.TO REMOVE AND REPLACE CLOTH PLATE To remove cloth plate U, Fig. 12, and cloth guide Y. Raise presser bar and Remove screws Z. Lift cloth plate slighily ot U (to clear feed dog) and slide it out between presser foot end feed dog. To replace, raise presser bar and needle bar to high- est points. Pass cloth plaice between presser foot and feed dog, fit cloth plate slots over feed dog teeth and replace cloth plate screws Z. Replace cloth guide Y and thumb screw Fig. 12. Removing and oh Replacing Cloth Plate TO REMOVE AND REPLACE LOOPER CAUTION: When removing looper, needle must be high enough for looper to pass without striking needle. To remove looper R, turn hand wheel over away from operator until set screw L is in approximate position shown in Fig. 13. Loosen screw Land remove looper R from end of looper shaft § Fig. 13. Removing Leeper Jo replace leeper, turn hand wheel until needle bar is at its highest point. Fit looper R (point down)’ into slot in looper shaft $- Time feed and locate feed eccentric K and looper R, as instructed on Rage 9.nu TO REMOVE AND REPLACE FEED ECCENTRIC To remove feed ecceniric K, loosen screw L and remove looper as instructed on page 10. Then slide feed eccentric K from looper sheft $. To replace feed ectentric, place ‘raised portion, or “boss,” (see inset, Fig. 13,) against face of machine with slot of feed dog H, Fig. 13 riding on feed eccentric. Replace looper as instructed. Time feed and locate feed eccentric and looper, as instructed on page 9. TO REMOVE AND REPLACE FEED DOG To remove feed deg H, Fig. 13, first remove looper and feed eccentric, Then remove screw G to allow feed dog and spring to be removed. To replace, position feed dog and spring as shown in Fig. 13, with end of spring in hole J. Replace and tighten feed dog screw G, Fig. 13, making certain thet feed deg can be moved back and forth by hand. Replace feed eccentric and looper and adjust as instructed on page 9. TO REMOVE AND REPLACE NEEDLE BAR To remove needle bar: 1, Remove needle and needle set screw. 2. Remove cloth plate. 3. Remove arm side cover by first removing screws on rear side of machine which held cover in place. 4. Turn hand wheel over until needle bar reaches its highest position.12 Remove hinge screw E2, Fig. 14. Then disengage connecting stud 42, Fig. 15 from “sockei” L2 in needle bar lever. Remove connecting stud J2 from needle bar. Remeve needle bar from top of machine. Fig. 14. Removing Needle Bar To replace needle bar: 1 No oop Insert needle bar so that it fits between sides of guide bracket D2, Fig. 15. Insert connecting stud J2, Fig. 15 in needle bar hole with round head of stud on same side of needle ber as the number “6 stomped near top of needle bar. Fit round head of connecting stud J2 into “socket” L2 as shown in Fig. 15. Replace end secure hinge screw E2, Fig. 14. Replace arm side cover and tighten screws. Replace cloth plete. Replace needle and needle set screw.13 TO REMOVE AND REPLACE PRESSER BAR To remove presser bar: 1. Raise needle ber to highest po- sition. Remove cloth plate. 3. Remove looper and feed eccen- rie. 4, “Remove feed dog. 5. Remove arm side cover by first removing screws on rear side of machine which hold cover in place. 6. Lower presser bar and remove screw A2 and lifting lever B2, Fig. 15. While holding spring €2 ond guide bracket D2 in place, remove presser bar. Then remove spring and guide bracket. To replace presser bor, fit spring C2, Fig, 15 in position and slide presser bar up through bottom hole, spring, and top hole in mo- Fig. 15. Removing and chine arm. Compress spring from Replacing Presser Bar bottom and insert guide bracket D2 under spring, with sides of bracket straddling presser bar and needle bar. Place lifting lever in position and align holes of presser bar, guide bracket and lifting lever. Replace and tighten screw A2. Replace, in order, crm side cover, feed dog, feed eccentric, looper and cloth plate. TO ADJUST HAND WHEEL FOR CORRECT AMOUNT OF END PLAY To adjusi hond wheel for correct amount of end play, loosen set screw N, Fig. 16, hold hand wheel © against machine and adjust stud P for a slight emount of hand wheel end play’ (not to exceed .003 inch), as shown in Fig. ‘ Fig. 16. Adjusting for End Ploy 16, Then tighien set screw N. of Hand Wheel: _ +Use .003 Feeler Gauge Serial 187928 Complete.14 TO REMOVE AND REPLACE HAND WHEEL To remove hand wheel O, Fig. 17, foosen screw N and remove wheel © and stud P as a unit. Slide stud P and wedge pin Fig. 17 from wheel and place wedge pin in a container to avoid lose. To replace hand wheel, place wedge pin on “flat” nearest heed of stud P and insert stud through hole in hand wheel 0. Hold stud in hand wheel end, with “fat” of stud toward operator, insert stud into hele in lower ‘arm of machine, Make sure that teeth of pin- ion gecr Q, Fig, 17 and ‘Vig. 17. Exploded View of Hand WheeliAssembly _—teeth of hand wheel O mesh. Adjust for end Play. cs instructed on page 13, and tighten set screw N, Fig. 17. TO OIL MACHINE For best results, the machine should be oiled occasionally with SINGER* SEWING MACHINE OIL, Apply one drop of cil to each place where one part of machine is in moving contact with another. Every six months put one or two drops of cil into oil hole at each end of motor of Machine 20-2. > SUGGESTIONS TO THE SERVICEMAN Order of inspection: 1. Okicin complete information conceriting customer's sewing prob- Jem. Ask for sample of material and thread, Check threading cf machine. See Fig. 1. s15 3 Check relationship of needle with looper. See page 9. 4. Inspect needle for— a. make. All SINGER needles are marked with Company's trade mark “SIMANCO*”, b. wear or damage. (Needle bent, klunt—needle eye rough) « relationship to presser foot ond cloth plate. See page 15, below. Check slot in presser foot and hole in cloth plate for burrs, wear or damage. Be sure looper is not bent or blunt. Check looper for needle point and scissor point burrs. Check timing of feed. See page 9. Be sure feed dog is not bent. fh POND CAUSES OF NEEDLE BREAKAGE Operator pulling material while machine is stitching. Incorrect timing of feed. See page 9. Incorrect location of needle in needle bar. See page 5. Incorrect position of needle in relation to presser foot and cloth plate. See page 15, below. Incorrect location of looper. See page 9. antago a CAUSES OF THREAD-BREAKAGE Incorrect threading. See Fig. 1. Tension too tight. See page 8. Incorrect opening of thread nipper. See page 8. Needle blunt or bent, needle eye sharp. Burr on looper. Roughened hole in cloth plate. Reh ON CAUSES OF THREAD LOOPING 1. Incorrect threading. (Thread may have slipped frem between ten- sion discs.) 2. Tension too light. See page 8. RELATION OF NEEDLE TO PRESSER FOOT AND CLOTH PLATE If needle strikes presser foot or cloth plate, check for the follow- ing causes: Bent needle—(Replace) Worn, damaged or bent needle bar—(Replace) Bent presser bar or presser foot—(Replace) Bent or loose guide bracket D2, Fig. 15—(Correct) Cloth plate incorrectly seated—(Correct) us oS oe16 TO START AND STOP MOTOR OF MACHINE 20-2 CAUTION: Before starting motor, be sure current is 110 voit, 60 cycle, alternating cur- rent (A. C.). aa To start motor, press down on switch H2 and lever K2, Fig. 18 at the scme time. Release lever K2 and rubber roller back of hand wheel will touch rim of wheel and drive Peas machine. i end Stop Mater To stop moior, press down on switch H2, Fig. 18. TO CHANGE SPEED OF MACHINE 20-2 Machine 20-2 has two sewing speeds; a slower speed for careful ching, or for young children, and a faster speed for ordinary straight sewing. To change speed, place machine in posi- tion shown in Fig. 19. Remove motor pulley guard X by pressing it down and sliding it toward you, For slow speed, move belt to outside grooves V in pulleys. For faster speed, move belt to inside grooves Ww. Replace guard X with slots over metal tabs in base cf ma- chine and press guard down and away from you into place. Fig. 19. Changing Speed of Machine 20-2SINGER Needles should be used in SDICER Machines These Needles and their Containers tere marked with the Company's Trade Mark "SIMANCO.*" 1 Needles in Containers marked “FOR SINGER MACHINES” are NOT SINGER made neséles, 2