Spoken Tibetan Basics
The 30 Consonants
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Masculine Neutral Feminine Very Feminine
High short tone High aspirated tone Low aspirated tone Low tone
ཀ་ ཁ་ ག་ ང་
Row 1
Ka Kha Kha (Ga)* Nga
ཅ་ ཆ་ ཇ་ ་
Row 2
Cha Chha Cha (Ja)* Nya
ཎ་ ཏ་ ཐ་ དྷ་
Row 3
Ta Tha Tha (Da)* Na
ན་ པ་ ཕ་ བྷ་
Row 4
Pa Pha Pha (Ba)* Ma
མ་ ཙ་ ཚ་ ཛྷ་
Row 5
Tsa Tsha Dza Wa
All Feminine
ཝ་ ཞ་ ཟ་ འ་
Row 6
Sha Sa Ah Ya
Throat tones Low tone Low tone Low tone Low tone
ཡ་ ར་ ལ་ ཥ་
Row 7
Ra La Sha Sa
Low tone Low tone High tone High tone
ས་ ཧ་
Row 8
Ha Ah
High aspirated tone High tone
* The tones of 3rd column letters on rows 1-6 are modified when a superscribed letter
is added on top or a prefix letter is added in front of the root letter.
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