MICRO PERSPECTIVES ON

TOURISM AND
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MICRO PERSPECTIVES·
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ROMEO D. LIM, DBA

 MICRO PERSPECTIVES
c TOURISM cud HOSPITALITY

COPYRIGHT 2019
Romeo D. Lim -

ISBN -- 978-621-406-198-3

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright

hereon may be reproduced used in any form or by any means - graphic,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or information
storage and retrieval systems-without the written permission from the
publisher and the authors.
\

Published by: MIND SHAPERS CO., INC.

Rm 108, Intramuros Corporate Plaza Bldg.
Recoletos St., Intramuros, Manila
Telefax no. (02) 527-6489
Tel. no. (02) 254-6160
Email: [email protected]

Cover Design: Erwin Bongalos

Lay-out by: BDL
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter1: TOURISM INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY 1

Objectives : ; : : 1
Introduction · _ 1
Philippine Economy Growth : 2
Figure 1. The Philippine Tourism Diagnosis ...........-..............-.-..................4
Economic Contribution and its Future Perspective .4
Philippine Product Portfolio 5
Education Tourism : .-. 5
Attractions · 6
Intangible Heritage ; 8
Types of Tourism in the Philippines 11
Economic Impact 12
The Muslim Millennial Travellers 4
13

Chapter2: TRAVELER'S MOTIVATIONS AND PROFILE .....................,23

Objectives : ; ; 23
Introduction ; ; : 23
Application of the Motivation Theories into Tourism Practice 23
Maslow' s hierarchy of needs in connection with tourism : 24
Plog's Psychographic'Tourists' Profile : 25
Iso Ahola's Model of the Social Psychology of Tourism 25
Travel Motivations for Travel and Hospitality 25
Tourism Mqtivation 27
Motivation to Travel- Which of these describes you? 29
6 Key Ideas Behind Theories of Motivation 32
Tourist Motivations : 41
Destination Choice and Selection 43
The Seniors Travel market in China : ~ 49
Tourists' Profiles and Lifestyles 52
Profile of the Customer/ Clients in Travel 68
How to Get the Data you Need to Create a Client profile 73

TX
 Chapter3: ACTIVITIES IN TOURISM INDUSTRY : 81

Objectives 81
Types of Adventure Travel ; 82
Museum Tour .'.· 86
Primary Forest Trekking ...............-.....6-666.6.6666..646.6.a..cc.,cc.cc...cc..cs.cc..,,,,,,,,,,,88
Cycling 89
Bird Watching ·: :. : 89
Traditional Music Perforrnance : 89
Wildlife Night-spotting 89
Everest Base Camp.Trekking , ~00

Chapter4: ACTIVITIES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY......................,105

Objectives .' 105
Introduction :_ 105
Three Categories of the Hospitality Industry 106
The Four Segments of the Hospitality Industry 107
Various activities in Hospitality Industry ~ 109
Flower Arrangement.........%-6666666666666666686866ssrssssssrssssssssscsssscssssssss.cc,,,,,..]]0
Table Setting : : '..113
Shoe Polishing ; 113
Sporting Activities at the Hotel................6....../.,xx..oz....cs.cs....cc.......,,,,,,,]]4

Chapter5: CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY SECTORS; 121

Objectives 121
Introduction · · 121
Intangibility ,. · 122
The Economic Characteristics of the Tourism Industry ....................,,,,125
Five Characteristics of Tourism : , .. , .126
Special Characteristics of Travel and Tourism 127
Characteristics of Travel and Tourism Services 130
To Become A Good Hotelier 134
5 Main Characteristics of Tourism by Burkart andMedlik 137
7 Unique Characteristics of Tourism _ 137

Chapter 6: SCOPE AND STRUCTURE OF TOURISM &

HOSPITALITY ORGANIZATIOn ; 143

Objectives : ; : 143
Introduction 143
Organizational Structure Types; --- --······ 144

X
 Ministry of Tourism Organi zational Ch art-Baham as 151
Tourism Bureau Organization Structure ......--------.6-.,6.-6666666666666.66.....,,,,4.154
Travel Agency Organizational Chart : 155
Organizational Design and Organizational Behavior ; 158
Formal Communication Channels 161
Typical Hotel Organizational Chart 165
The Size and Scope of the Tourism industry : ; 169
Structure of Travel Organization ..,. : 178
Hierarchy in Travel Company ........-..-666666666666666666666-.-rs-rsr,rs.s-cs..cc,,,,,,,180

Chapter 7: BUSINESS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 187

.Objectives _ . ., 187
Introduction .- · 187
Tourism Business : ; ; 187
Hospitality Business ; 189
[Restaurants and Bar .....---6-%-%866886688888868886888866666%846&8s6,rs«6s+rs+8sass8ssscsss..]9]

Travel and Tourism :.: ~ : : 192

Chapter 8: FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

INDUSTRY ~ : 197

Objectives '. 197

Introduction : 197
Uncontrollable Variables That Affect the Hospitality Industry 200
Internal & External Factors That Affect an Organization 202
The Importance of Training & Development in the Hospitality
Industry · 204
The Role of the Human Resources Department in a Hospitality
Organization .'.· · · · 208
External Factors Affecting the Hospitality and Tourism Industry 217
Violence and Terrorism Factor .....------66666466666666666683666666666666636666666666,ssc....,,,,223

Human Factors Affecting Tourism Industry 223

Chapter 9: DESTINATIONS MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION 227

Objectives 227
Introduction 227
Destination Management Organizations 227
Statistical Strengthening and Development of a Tourism
Satellite Account : · 228
Value Chain Analysis and Local Economic Development 228
Institutional Strengthening and Public-Private Partnership 229

xi
 Tourism Legislation and Regulation : 230
Tourism Physical Planning and Resort Development........................,,,231
Tourism Development Master Plans and Strategic
Development Plans ; 231
Typical Services of Destination Management Organization................236
Other Roles of Destination Management Organizations 241

Chapter 10:_ EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES 247

Objectives ; 247
Employment Opportunities in the Hospitality Industry 247
List of Job Positions for the Hospitality Industry 248
Types of Hotel Positions .- 249
The Differences Between Managerial Positions and
Non-Managerial Positions - 252
Types of Employment and Roles in the Hospitality Industry..............257
Hospitality & Tourism Realities 26_3
Employment Trends in Tourism and Hospitality 265

Chapter 11: QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR TOURISM AND

HOSPITALiTY _ 279

Objectives · 279
The Requirements in the Hospitality Industry ..........---...--.....s...........,,,279
Five Job Skills Hospitality Employers Want to See 281
Hospitality and Tourism Education Requirements 283

Chapter 12: DOMESTIC DESTINATIONS AND ATTRACTIONS 291

Objectives : : 291
Introduction 291
Tourism Destinations 291

REGION I - ILOCOS 292

Political Structure and Sub-division 293
Geographical Characteristics 294
Gastronomy ; : · .....295
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 296

REGION II-- CAGAYAN VALLEY .. : 297

Major Tourism Destinations in Region 297
Political Structure and Sub-division : 298
Geographi c al Ch ara ctens
· tics 299

xii
 Major Attractions 300
Gastronomy 300
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 300

REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON 301

Tourism Destinations ; 302
Political Structure and Sub-division 302
Geographical Characteristics ; 303
Attractions , : ; 304
Gastronomy 304
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 305

REGION IV-A - CALABARZON 306

Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 307
Political structure and sub-division : 307
Geographical characteristics.........--,--%6--%66%6666666666666%66.%-66sssrsssssssssss.....,,,,,,309
Attractions 310
Gastronomy · · 310
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ~ 310
Traditions and Beliefs .....---------is-s-sasses+-rs+sssssssssss-,cs-sssssssssss.cc,cs,,,,,,,3]0

REGION IV-B - MIMAROPA 312

Major Tourism Destinations ........--6.66666666666666666666666666-szcsscssssssssscs.,,,,,,,,3]3
Political Structure and Sub-division 313
Geographical Characteristics ......-.--666-66666666666666666636666666666666666466666....cc..,,,,4.314

Major Attractions : ~·············· .. ··························314

Gastronomy · · 314
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 314

REGION V - BICOL....• : ~ ~ : 315

Tourist Attractions/Destinations.....------6666666666666686663666666666666666666666.....,,,4316
Political Structure and Sub-division .....--.%6....6..66....6%.6.666666663666666666.....,,,,31 6
Geographical Characteristics .: 317
Gastronomy 318
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 319

REGION VI- WESTERN VISAYAS 320

Major Tourism Destinations in Region 321
Political Structure and Sub-division of Western Visayas 323
Culture and Traditions of Western Visayas 324

xiii
REGION VII - CENTRAL VISAl't\.S 326
Geographical Background : 327
Tourism Destination of Central Visayas ; 328
Culture and Traditions in Central Visayas 330
Gastronorny .' 330

REGION VIII - EASTERN VISAl't\.S 331

Geographical Background ................---6.66..6.6.....s,-,,s.cs,s-,cs.rs.c.......,,,,,,332
Tourism Destinations/Attractions of Eastern Visayas 333
Culture and Tradition of Eastern Visayas 333
Gastronomy :•··· .. ········· 334

REGION IX - ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA 335

Geographical Background : 335
Tourist Attractions in Zamboanga Peninsula 336
Culture arid Traditions of Zamboanga Peninsula 336
Gastronomy ; : 338

REGION X -NORTHERN MINDANAO 338.

Tourist Attraction in Northern Mindanao 339
Culture and Tradition of Northern Mindanao 340
La11,la£C ..:s»assess,ssss&6ssss+res6+8«ss«rs6sss8888sis«--88rs888888cs,,,44...34
Geographical Structure and Sub division 341
Governance 342
Gastronomy 342

REGION XI- SOUTHERN MINDANAO 343

Major Tourism Destinations in Region 344
Political Structure and Sub-division 345
Geographical Characteristic ...........---666.666..6....4.6.66-4.66-6cc,,cs.ssss..s...cc..,,,,,,..346
Major Attraction '. : 346
Gastronomy 346
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 347

REGION XII - SOCCSKSARGEN 348

. Major Tourism Destinations in Region 348
Political Structure and Sub-division.........----.6..6,--..-rc---scar-rssz-cc......,,,,,,34-9
Geographical Characteristic : 350
Gastronomy ; 35O
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 351

xiv
 REGION XIII- CARAGA....------on-n-rnnsrsrsrrrrrnrsn.cc.,,,352
Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 352
Political Structure and Sub-division 353
Geographical Characteristic 354
Major Attraction 354
Gastronomy 354
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 355

REGION CAR -CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE

REGION ~ : 356
Major Tourism Destinations in Region ; 356
Political Structure and Sub-division 357
Geographical Characteristic ........----66666%666%66%66666666666%...asses..i,rs..cs.....,,,,,,,358
Gastronomy ·.· 358
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions 359

REGION ARMM-AUTONOMOUS REGION IN

MUSLIM MINDANAO 360
Major Tourism Destinations in Region : 360
Political Structure and Sub-division 361
Geographical Characteristic 361
Major Attraction , 361
Gastronomy 361
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ........------4-----.....666..6.....,,,,362

REGION NCR -NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION 363

Major Tourism Destinations in Region 364
Political Structure and Sub-division.......-.----6-,6.66666666666.6,6666.46....6..6......,,,,,,365
Geographical Characteristic 365
Gastronomy 366
Culture and Traditions of Different Regions ...................................,,,,366
Ultimate Travel and Tourism Glossary _. 371
. .
References • 389

xv