Annexure II

Evolution sheet for Micro Project

Academic Year: - 2022-23 Name of Faculty: - Ms. V. B. Maskar
Course: - Computer Engineering Course Code: - CO4I
Subject: -Data Communication and Computer Network Subject code:-22414
Semester:-4 Scheme: - I
Title of
Introduction to TCP/IP Services
Project: -
COs addressed by the Micro Project:

A: - Configure different TCP/IP service .

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

Run basic TCP/IP Utilities and Network Commands: ip

(a)Practical Outcomes:
config.ping,tracert,netstat,pathping,route.

(b) Unit Outcomes in Cognitive Describe with sketches the procedure to configure the given
domain: TCP/IP Service.

(c) Outcomes in Affective

Follow safety pratices.
Domain:

Comments/Suggestions about teamwork/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out
Marks out
of 6 for
of 4 for Total marks out
Roll No Name of student performan
performance in of 10
ce in group
oral/Presentation
activity
46 Sneha Sambhaji Shinde.
47 Gauri Sudarshan Misal.
24 Harshada Haridas Katkar.
23 Sanika Shivaji Gosavi.
Name &
Signature Ms. V.B.Maskar
of faculty
 A PROJECT REPORT ON
“Introduction to TCP/IP Services ”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the award of degree
Of
DIPLOMA ENGINEERING
In
Computer Engineering
1.Sneha Sambhaji Shinde.
2.Gauri Sudarshan Misal.
3.Harshada Haridas Katkar.
4.Sanika Shivaji Gosavi

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

Ms. V. B. Maskar

SVERI’s COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLY)

PANDHARPUR 2022-23
 CERTIFICATE
The project report entitled “Introduction to TCP/IP Services”

Submitted by:-

1.Sneha Sambhaji Shinde.

2.Gauri Sudarshan Misal .
3.Harshada Haridas Katkar .
4.Sanika Shivaji Gosavi.

Is approved for the Diploma of Engineering in Computer Engineering from SVERI’s

College of Engineering (Polytechnic), Pandharpur.

Name of Guide Name of H.O.D

(Ms. V. B. Maskar) (Mr. P. S. Bhandare)
Department of Computer Department of Computer
Engineering Engineering
SVERI’s COE (Poly), Pandharpur SVERI’s COE (Poly),Pandharpur

Principal

(Prof. DR. N. D. Misal)

Date:
Place: Pandharpur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my guide,
Ms.V.B.Maskar for her constant support, motivation, valuable guidance and immense help during
the entire course of this work. Without his constant encouragement, timely advice and valuable
discussion, it would have been difficult in completing this work. I would also like to acknowledge
Computer Engineering department who provided me the facilities for completion of the project. We
are thankful to him for sharing his experienced in research field with me and providing constant
motivation during entire project work.

Name of Student:-

1. Sneha Sambhaji Shinde.

2. Gauri Sudarshan Misal.
3. Harshada Haridas Katkar.
4. Sanika Shivaji Gosavi.
1.Rationale:-

All but most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and
functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and
identifying the functions they perform are essential skills for any network
administrator and requirements for a network candidate.

2.Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:-

Data communication and computer networks have been growing with rapid
technological progress. Computer communication through networking becomes
an essential part of our life. By considering the importance of networking in day-
to-day life, students need to know the basic concept of networks like network
classification, network topologies, network devices. This course deal with the
important concepts and techniques related to data communication and enable
students to have an insight into the technology involved to make network
communication possible.

3.Course Outcomes Achieved:-

Configure different TCP/IP services.

4.Literature Review:-

Our project is on topic “Introduction to TCP/IP Services” .We have researched on TCP/IP
Services like , Usage,benefites,importance .We have taken information from Internet and
 from books. We have analyzed data in different ways like uses, advantages and
disadvantages.

5.Actual Methodology Followed:-

What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a set
of communique protocols used to interconnect community gadgets at the net.
TCP/IP is likewise used as a communications protocol in a non-public
community (an intranet or extranet). The whole IP suite -- a fixed of policies and
procedures -- is generally called TCP/IP. TCP and IP are the 2 principal
protocols, even though others are covered within side the suite. The TCP/IP
protocol suite features as an abstraction layer among net packages and the
routing and switching fabric.

TCP/IP specifies how information is exchanged over the net via way of means
of presenting give up-to-give up communications that become aware of the way
it must be damaged into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed, and acquired on
the vacation spot. TCP/IP calls for little important control and is designed to
make networks dependable with the cap potential to get better robotically from
the failure of any tool at the network. The primary protocols within side the IP
suite serve unique functions. TCP defines how programs can create channels of
verbal exchange throughout a network. It additionally manages how a message is
assembled into smaller packets earlier than they may be then transmitted over the
net and reassembled within side the proper order on the vacation spot address.

The TCP/IP protocol is divided into two layers: the Transport layer and the
Internet layer. The Transport layer is responsible for ensuring that data is
transmitted reliably from one device to another. This layer is comprised of two
protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram
Protocol (UDP). TCP is used for reliable data transmission, while UDP is used
for fast transmission of data that can tolerate some packet loss.
The Internet layer is responsible for transmitting data packets between devices.
This layer is comprised of two protocols: the Internet Protocol (IP) and the
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). IP is responsible for routing data packets
between devices, while ARP is used to map IP addresses to physical addresses

TCP/IP also includes a number of application layer protocols that are used to
provide services to end-users. These include protocols such as HTTP (Hypertext
Transfer Protocol) for web browsing, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file
transfer, and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for email.

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is a

set of conventions or rules and methods that are used to interconnect network
devices on the Internet. The internet protocol suite is commonly known as
TCP/IP, as the foundational protocols in the suite are Transmission Control
Protocol and Internet Protocol. It chooses how the information will be traded
over the web through end-to-end communications that incorporate how the
information ought to be organized into bundles (bundles of data), addressed,
sent, and received at the goal. This communication protocol can also be utilized
to interconnect organize devices in a private network such as an intranet or an
extranet.

History of TCP/IP:
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Office (DARPA), the
investigation department of the U.S. Department of Defense, made the TCP/IP
shown in the 1970s for utilization in ARPANET, a wide zone organize that
gone before the web. TCP/IP was initially planned for the Unix working
framework, and it has been built into all of the working frameworks that came
after it.

Common TCP/IP protocols consist of the following:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) :-

Handles the communication between an internet server and an internet browser.
Like FTP, HTTP is a file sharing protocol that runs over TCP/IP, although HTTP
primarily works over web browsers and is commonly recognizable for most
users. When a user enters a website domain and aims to access it, HTTP provides
the access. HTTP connects to the domain's server and requests the site's HTML,
which is the code that structures and displays the page's design.

Another form of HTTP is HTTPS, which stands for HTTP over Secure Sockets
Layer or HTTP Secure. HTTPS can encrypt a user's HTTP requests and
webpages. This provides more security to users and can prevent common
cybersecurity threats, such as man-in-the-middle attacks.

Address Resolution Protocol. :-

ARP translates IP addresses to Media Access Control (MAC) addresses and
vice versa so LAN endpoints can communicate with one another. ARP is
necessary because IP and MAC addresses are different lengths: IP version 4
(IPv4) addresses are 32 bits long, IPv6 addresses are 128 bits and MAC
addresses -- a device's physical hardware number -- are 12 hexadecimal digits
split into six pairs. Translations must occur for proper device communication.

ARP isn't required every time devices attempt to communicate because the
LAN's host stores the translated addresses in its ARP cache, so this process is
mainly used when new devices join the network.
File Transfer Protocol:- handles the transmission of documents among
computers.

FTP is a client-server protocol, with which a client requests a file and the server
supplies it. FTP runs over TCP/IP -- a suite of communications protocols -- and
requires a command channel and a data channel to communicate and exchange
files, respectively. Clients request files through the command channel and
receive access to download, edit and copy the file, among other actions, through
the data channel.

FTP has grown less popular as most systems began to use HTTP for file sharing.
However, FTP is a common network protocol for more private file sharing, such
as in banking.
How does TCP/IP work?
TCP/IP makes use of the customer-server version of verbal exchange wherein
a consumer or machine (a customer) is furnished a service, like sending a
webpage, with the aid of using every other computer (a server) withinside the
community.

Collectively, the TCP/IP suite of protocols is classed as stateless, because of

this that every customer request is taken into consideration new due to the fact
it's far unrelated to preceding requests. Being stateless frees up community paths
in order that they may be used continuously.
The shipping layer itself, however, is stateful. It transmits an unmarried message,
and its connection stays in place till all of the packets in a message had been
obtained and reassembled on the destination.

CP/IP employs the client-server demonstration of communication in which a

client or machine (a client) is given a benefit (like sending a webpage) by
another computer (a server) within the network.

Hub will broadcast this request to the entire network. All the devices will check
whether the request belongs to them or not. If not, the request will be dropped.

The process used by the Hub consumes more bandwidth and limits the amount of
communication. Nowadays, the use of hub is obsolete, and it is replaced by more
advanced computer network components such as Switches, Routers.

Characteristics of TCP/IP:
 Share Data Transfer: The TCP allows applications to create channels of
communications across a network. It also permits a message to be separated
into smaller packets before they are transmitted over the web and after that
collected in the right order at the destination address. So, it guarantees the
solid transmission of data across the channel.

 Internet Protocol: The IP address tells the packets the address and route
so that they reach the proper destination. It includes a strategy that empowers
portal computers on the internet-connected to arrange forward the message
after checking the IP address.
 Reliability: The most vital feature of TCP is solid data delivery. In arrange
to supply unwavering quality, TCP must recover information that’s harmed,
misplaced, copied, or conveyed out of arranging by the Arrange Layer.

 Multiplexing: Multiplexing can be achieved through the number of ports.

 Connections: Before application forms can send information by utilizing

TCP, the devices must set up a connection. The associations are made
between the harbor numbers of the sender and the collector devices.

 Compatibility: TCP/IP is designed to be compatible with a wide range of

hardware and software platforms. This makes it a versatile protocol suite that
can be used in a variety of network environments.

 Scalability: TCP/IP is highly scalable, which means that it can be used in

networks of any size, from small home networks to large enterprise
networks.

 Open standards: TCP/IP is based on open standards, which means that the
protocol specifications are publicly available and can be implemented by
anyone. This fosters innovation and competition in the networking industry.

 Modular architecture: TCP/IP is designed with a modular architecture,

which means that different protocols can be added or removed as needed.
This allows network administrators to tailor their networks to specific needs.

 Reliability: TCP/IP is designed to be highly reliable, with built-in error

checking and correction mechanisms that ensure data is transmitted
accurately and reliably.

 Flexibility: TCP/IP is a flexible protocol suite that can be used for a wide
range of applications, including web browsing, email, file sharing, and more.

 End-to-end connectivity : TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity

between devices, which means that data can be transmitted directly from the
source device to the destination device without being routed through
intermediate devices.
 TCP/IP Layers :-
 Application Layer :-An application layer is the topmost layer within the
TCP/IP model. When one application layer protocol needs to communicate
with another application layer, it forwards its information to the transport
layer.

 Transport Layer:- It is responsible for the reliability, flow control, and

correction of data that is being sent over the network. There are two
protocols used in this layer are User Datagram Protocol and Transmission
control protocol.

 Internet/Network Layer :- It is the third layer of the TCP/IP Model

and also known as the Network layer. The main responsibility of this
layer is to send the packets from any network, and they arrive at the
goal irrespective of the route they take.

 Network Access Layer :- It is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP Model. It is

the combination of the Physical Layer and the Data link layer which present
in the OSI Model. Its main responsibility is to the transmission of
information over the same network between two devices.

Why is TCP/IP important?

TCP/IP is nonproprietary and, as a result, isn't managed through any unmarried
company. Therefore, the IP suite may be changed easily. It is well-matched with
all working systems (OSes), so it is able to talk with some other system. The IP
suite is likewise like-minded with all styles of laptop hardware and networks.
TCP/IP is rather scalable and, as a routable protocol, can decide the maximum
green route thru the network. It is broadly utilized in contemporary net
architecture.
Advantages or benefit of TCP/IP:

 It supports many routing protocols.

 It operates independently of the operating system.
 It helps you establish or set up a connection between different types
of computers, PC, etc.
 It can be operated independently.
 It automatically breaks up data into a packet for you.
 Support several routing protocols.
 TCP/IP model has a high cable client-server architecture.
 It enables the internetworking between the organization.
 It is slower in functioning than UDP.
 It is an industry-standard and open control protocol cable architecture.
 It can be used to establish a connection between two computers.
 It uses flow control, error control, and congestion control
mechanisms.
 TCP provides relatively better throughout when used on the modem

Disadvantages or Drawback of TCP/IP:

 TCP/IP is a complicated model to set up and manage and to control.

 The shallow/overhead of TCP/IP is higher than IPX.
 Replacing protocol in TCP/IP is not easy.
 It does not clearly separate the concept of service, interface, and protocols.
So it is not suitable to describe new technologies in the new network.
 In this model, the transport layer does not guarantee the delivery of packets.
 It has no clear operations from its services, interfaces, and protocols.
 It is not generic in nature, So it fails or loses to represent any protocol stack
other than the TCP/IP suite.
 It was originally designed and implemented for a wide area network. It is
not optimized for small networks like LAN and PAN.
 TCP can't be used for broadcast and multicast connections.
 All the work is being done by your OS, so if there are bugs in your OS,
then you will face many problems like problem in surfing and downloading from
the net.

6.Actual Resources Used:-

 Sr. Name of Specification Qty Remarks
No. Resources

1. MS Word Microsoft 1

2. Laptop i5,16GB 1
RAM, 1TB

7.Skill Developed/Learning Outcomes of this Micro-Project:-

Here, we understand the what is TCP/IP Services. We studied about various

TCP/IP Services. We understand the importance of TCP/IP Services.

8. Conclusion:-

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a

collection of conversation protocols used to interconnect community gadgets at
the internet. TCP/IP is likewise used as a communications protocol in a non-
public laptop network (an intranet or extranet).

9.References:-

https://www.javatpoint.com › computer-network-com

https://www.tutorialspoint.com › communication_tech