Principles of Information Systems, 13th Edition

Solution Manual for Principles of Information

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Solutions – Chapter 5

Critical Thinking Exercise

Vehicle Theft Database

Review Questions

1. Student responses will vary. Some examples of attributes (and approximate sizes)
might include: theft number (4 bytes), date of theft (8 bytes), time of theft (6
bytes), place of theft (20 bytes), vehicle type (10 bytes), vehicle make (10 bytes),
vehicle model (10 bytes), vehicle date (4 bytes), vehicle color (10 bytes), license
plate number (8 bytes), and vehicle identification number (17 bytes).

2. Given the attributes listed above, I would assign theft number as the primary key.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. It might be helpful to include status information in the database. The database

might store information as to whether the vehicle was found, if there is a known
suspect, if an arrest has been made and if the case is under investigation or closed.

2. Student responses will vary. There could be problems with keeping the data
updated, especially if the investigation information is stored as investigation
information is constantly changing. You would need something committed to
keeping this information current.

Critical Thinking Exercise

Principles of Information Systems, 13th Edition

Cleansing Weather

Review Questions

1. Because data is coming from different sources and needs to be exchanged and
integrated into different systems, it would make sense that an enterprise data
model exists.

2. The domain of acceptable values for barometric pressure and humidity might not
include negative numbers and temperature might not go below -90 or above 60 if
measured in Celsius.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Student responses will vary. There could be a number of reasons why the data
might be incomplete or inaccurate including malfunctioning equipment and the
location of equipment.

2. Student responses will vary. One way to correct the data might be to cross-check
data from several sources in the same location to identify data that is inaccurate.

Critical Thinking Exercise

Database as a Service

Review Questions

1. With database as a service the database administration is handled by the service

provider. This would increase performance as the service provider will have the
technology require to complete the database processing as quickly as possible.
You will not have to worry about investing large amounts of time or money into
improving your technology as the data grows.

2. Student answers may vary, but the disadvantages would be similar to those
disadvantages with cloud computing. The main issue might be security. If there is
a problem with the service provider you might not have access to your data.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Student responses will vary. Before deciding to use database as a service, you
should look at cost, performance, scalability, management and maintenance.

2. Using database as a service will allow you to concentrate on your role in IT rather
than constantly managing databases.

Critical Thinking Exercise

Principles of Information Systems, 13th Edition

Walgreens Data Assimilation

Review Questions

1. Regulations that apply to the use and management of Walgreens and Rite Aide
data are the California Senate Bill 1386, HIPPA, and Personal Information
Protection and Electronic Documents Act.

2. It would make sense for Walgreens to appoint a data governance team. The team
defines processes for how the data is to be stored, archived, backed up, and
protected from cyberattacks, inadvertent destruction or disclosure, or theft. It also
develops standards and procedures that define who is authorized to update,
access, and use the data. The team also puts in place a set of controls and audit
procedures to ensure ongoing compliance with organizational data policies and
government regulations.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Student responses will vary. An automated process would be much easier but
does nothing to update or correct incorrect information. Also, errors in data could
be introduced during the automated process that go undetected. A manual process
might be more accurate. It also might have the benefit of updating outdated or
incorrect customer data, but it relies on the customer to actually manually enter
his data. Some customers may not want to do this.

2. Student answers will vary. Customer data could be entered incorrectly potentially
resulting in serious issues such as incorrect insurance information or wrong
mediation information.

Critical Thinking Exercise

Telefonica Brasil

Review Questions

1. Like Verizon, Telefonica Brasil could use clickstream data, chats, and even social
media searches, to predict when a customer might switch to a new carrier.

2. The firm might elect to use a data warehouse and a NoSQL database.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. It is unlikely that a traditional database is used since the data will not be modeled
using a simple two-dimensional tabular relation.
Principles of Information Systems, 13th Edition

2. Student answers will vary. Like Verizon, the firm might want to use Hadoop.

Review Questions
1. A database is a well-designed, organized, and carefully managed collection of
data. A database management system (DBMS) consists of a group of programs
used to access and manage a database as well as provide an interface between the
database and its users and other application programs.

2. An attribute is a characteristic of an entity. For example, employee number, last

name, first name, hire date, and department number are attributes for an
employee. The specific value of an attribute, called a data item, can be found in
the fields of the record describing an entity. The domain for a particular attribute
indicates what values can be placed in each column of the relational table.

3. The database approach to data management is an approach to data management

where multiple information systems share a pool of related data.

4. Data archiving refers to how long data must be stored. When operating a database
it’s important to consider the storage needs for older data that is still important to
the organization and needed for future reference.

5. Entity-relationship (ER) diagrams use basic graphical symbols to show the

organization of and relationships between data. In other words, ER diagrams
show data items in tables (entities) and the ways they are related. ER diagrams
help ensure that the relationships among the data entities in a database are
correctly structured so that any application programs developed are consistent
with business operations and user needs.

6. Basic data manipulations include selecting, projecting, joining, and linking.

7. Data scrubbing (data cleaning or data cleansing) is the process of detecting and
then correcting or deleting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, or irrelevant records
that reside in a database.

8. DaaS is similar to Software as a Service (SaaS). A SaaS system is one in which

the software is stored on a service provider’s servers and is accessed by the client
company over a network. With DaaS, the database is stored on a service
provider’s servers and accessed by the client over a network, typically the
Internet, with the database administration handled by the service provider.

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is a Database as a Service

that enables organizations to set up and operate their choice of a MySQL,
Microsoft SQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL relational database in the cloud. The
service automatically backs up the database and stores those backups based on a
user-defined retention period.
Principles of Information Systems, 13th Edition

TinyCo is a mobile gaming firm whose games Tiny Monsters, Tiny Village, and
Tiny Zoo Friends can be found at the Amazon, Google Play, and iTunes app
stores.The company employs Amazon Web Services (AWS) to enable it to
support the rapid growth in the number of its users without having to devote
constant time and effort to organize and configure its information systems
infrastructure. This arrangement has allowed the company to focus its resources
on developing and marketing its new games. TinyCo application data is stored in
the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) for MySQL.

9. Hadoop is an open-source software framework with several software modules that

provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets. Hadoop has
two primary components: a data processing component (a Java-based system
called MapReduce, which is discussed in the next section) and a distributed file
system (Hadoop Distributed File System, HDFS) for data storage.

10. Schemas are used to describe the entire database, its record types, and its
relationships to the DBMS. Schemas are entered into the computer via a data
definition language, which describes the data and relationships in a specific
database.

11. Concurrency control is a method of dealing with a situation in which two or more
users or applications need to access the same record at the same time. Without
proper database control, data updates might be incorrect, resulting in inaccurate
records.

12. An in-memory database (IMDB) is a database management system that stores the
entire database in random access memory (RAM). This approach provides access
to data at rates much faster than storing data on some form of secondary storage
(e.g., a hard drive or flash drive) as is done with traditional database management
systems. IMDBs enable the analysis of big data and other challenging data-
processing applications, and they have become feasible because of the increase in
RAM capacities and a corresponding decrease in RAM costs.

13. Projecting involves eliminating columns in a table while joining involves

combining two or more tables.

14. Big data is the term used to describe data collections that are so enormous
(terabytes or more) and complex (from sensor data to social media data) that
traditional data management software, hardware, and analysis processes are
incapable of dealing with them. There are three characteristics associated with big
data – volume, velocity, and variety.

15. A data warehouse is a database that holds business information from many
sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes,
products, and customers. Data warehouses allow managers to drill down to get
Another document from Scribd.com that is
random and unrelated content:
 Our neighboring city of Buffalo is to be congratulated. The
International League of Press Clubs will convene there next summer. A
plumber who was accidentally blackballed by the Buffalo club writes me
that they will come “some in rags and some in jags.”
If the women who wheel did but know it they would undoubtedly
be influenced by the fact, patent to all men, that all the compromise
garments for bicycle wear are hideous. There is no beauty in and of any
of them. The more cut off they are the worse. There is only one element
of grace about drapery, and that is in its flowing lines. The cut-off
Russian blouses are no lovelier than a high hat or a hydrant cover. By
and by, when Philistine good sense shall have won dominion over the
ladies who bike, it will be discovered by them that there is no essential
impurity in dress. The woman who does masculine things should wear
masculine covering. Why not? Is it to be assumed that the pedal branches
of the human form divine are by any natural law under ban? Or is it
custom that makes the difference? If so, it will be deemed indecent one
of these days to drape the arms, now hidden in balloons, in the tight
sleeves of our elder sisters.
It may be guessed at a venture, there being no authority except that
nebulous tyranny that controls all matters of feminine custom, that the
difficulty would be met in some measure if the fair wheelers did not have
to get off the machine in public view. Even a man is apt to be
embarrassed when he walks the pavement with a clamp around his
nether drapery, both looking and feeling as if he had been through
burdocks and come away loaded. It is of easy recollection how one feels
on the board walk with clinging garments that were all right in the water
a moment ago. The ladies might be willing to wear knickerbockers—and
they ought to be told that in nothing else would they look so well—if by
some contrivance a fall of drapery sheltered the too-freely evidenced
pedestals of beauty when off the wheel. What Felix will invent such a
curtain and a way of keeping it out of the way when not wanted? Here is
an opening for genius—and a beneficent one, for by such devices is
civilization advanced.
Mrs. Frank Guesslie has written an article on How My Husbands
Proposed. It will be syndicated by the National Thought Supply and
Newspaper Feeding Company.
 A newspaper that does much show printing announces in big
headlines: “A Woman Clown. The Only One Is With Barnum and
Bailey.” Barnum and Bailey reside in different climates just now. That
“only” woman clown must be as ubiquitous as Sydney Smith’s Scot.
The Boston Woman’s Rescue League has the champion non
sequitur. The league is against bicycling by women, and announces the
startling discovery that “thirty per cent of the girls that have come to the
Rescue League for aid were bicycle riders at one time.” Probably one
hundred per cent of the same were innocent girls at one time. Maybe it
was when they biked.
I understand there’s a movement in the Back Bay gravel pit of
Boston, Mass., to abolish the word “Mr.” on calling cards. Some of the
three-named have been a little crowded for space, perhaps, or it may be
that they dimly realize that it isn’t good taste to call oneself by a
complimentary title. Some clergymen refuse to sign “Rev.” before their
names, or put it in parenthesis as if to have it beyond their personal
reach, as New England ladies write “(Miss)” and others “(Mrs.)”. Good
Philistines need not be told that Mr. means Master and is a compliment
in the second person. It is of a piece with lifting the hat, theoretically a
helmet, to the person whom you respect. That was the old time vote of
confidence. You thus expressed the belief that he wouldn’t brain you
with a broadsword at the first opportunity. Giving the hand was another
token of disarmament as a mark of confidence. Bowing the head also
invited the knightly salute with any convenient weapon. With this went a
more or less sincere confession of his imputed power. You called him
“master,” which became “mister” by corruption. Our imitative good
society has forgotten the meaning of the thing it imitates, as usual. Our
ready-made coats of arms seldom fit. He that is greatest calls himself
servant, according to good authority, and not master. Even Beacon Hill
and the adjacent desert seems to have come to a realization of the fact.
We may look for the cards of John De Smythe Smythe or Perkins
Hopkinson Revere with Mr. in brackets or omitted one of these days.
“Mamma,” said seven-year-old, in the suburbs, “when will
somebody’s house or somebody’s barn burn up?”
“I don’t know,” said mamma, “I hope never. But I suppose they will
sometime.”
“Well,” said the son, with a sigh, “it’s an awful long time since we had
a good fire.”
 Thus we see that even calamity may furnish entertainment for the
simple and sincere.
Rock & Bumball, of Chicago, announce a new volume by Gallbert
Faker. Its title is Scenes in the Boshy Hills.
Several mighty and high church bishops in this country are out
against “the new woman.” It is noted that they don’t say anything against
“the old woman” in general or in particular.
How to Carry a Cat in a Basket is the attractive title of an article to
appear in the forthcoming Ladies’ Fireside Fudge, from the pen of its
gifted editor, Mr. E. W. Sok.
There are things in these maxnordo days that are enough to make a
man strike his father—for something besides a loan. For instance, a few
weeks since we had the peculiar spectacle of the Marquis of Queensbury
being done up by his son according to London rules; and now in the last
issue of the Chip-Munk we see “A Recent Writer in Scribner’s” well
cuffed by a boy of whom he is the author. “How sharper than a serpent’s
tooth,” etc.
Judge Tourgee is still making straw without bricks in the Basis.
Now that Mrs. Cady Stanton has launched her Woman’s Bible, let
her prepare to enter a woman’s heaven. The men won’t be in it.
Robert Grant is getting democratic. He is down as far as the
summer girl in the current Scribner.
The Napoleon on the Hearth is a new magazine announced from
New York. It will bear the subtitle, Every Man His Own Bonaparte
Revival.
A new book by Mr. Poultry Bigead is about ready. It will be called
My Collection of Stones from Cherries Eaten by the German Emperor,
and will contain a frontispiece of Cavalry Horses Having Spasms, by a
well known artist.
On what ought to be very good authority I am told that if the
women who wheel adopt knickerbockers, there will be more care of the
female infants of the next generation. Some of the ladies who most
strongly object to the advanced and advancing style are said to have
good reasons in the matter of physical conformation. I know parents who
are very careful not to let their boy babies stand alone too early, fearing
bow legs. Perhaps the parents of the future will be equally careful about
their girlies, in view of the changing fashion in nether drapery.
Apropos of this, I know a very pleasant little lady—pleasant, but thin
—whose brother is a sad wag. “Adelaide,” he said to her last Tuesday,
“if you wear those new knickerbockers of yours out on the street, you’ll
get yourself arrested for having no visible means of support.”
It is asserted that Mr. George A. Hibbard is perfectly serious.
It is really too bad that a magazine which lives up to its standard so
well as the Overland Monthly should try to make us believe that its
illustrations are much better than those in Frank Leslie’s Budget.
How I Wrote the Account of How I Wrote My First Book, by
General Louisa Wallace, author of Bob Hur, is announced.
I have received through Messrs. Funk & Wagnalls, publishers of a
Methodist dictionary and other works of erudition and vital piety, an
invitation to vote aye on a large number of changes of words in common
use—mostly in the fonetic direction. Simplicity is the apparent aim.
There is a good deal of retrospect in the list. Some of the spellings that
were licked out of us when we were boys seem like old friends come
back to ask our pardon. The old days are with us when we are told to
spell “skul,” for example. The evisceration of sacred words is a little
arbitrary. “Savior” is spelt without the full-mouthed British “u,” dear to
every lover of the Prayer Book, but Antichrist isn’t economized at all.
“Pel-mel” looks it, if a word ever did. “Graf” is something to be guessed
at, and one may ask if “adulterin” is something to eat. The fonetix didn’t
reach Czar, or perhaps our M. E.—me friends are respecters of persons.
However, they shortened “pontiff” by an “f,” and I wouldn’t be surprised
if His Holiness masqueraded as “Pop” in the next circular. It is
interesting, if not impressive, this reform—like the abbreviation of
bicycle clothes and the sending of bad writing by wire.
That choking female on the cover of the Mid-Continent is still
tottering, but hasn’t tumbled yet. Neither have the publishers, it would
seem.
A hammock and a book and a horse and a yacht are really enough
to begin with for Robert Grant. He says as much in Scribner’s and he
doesn’t care a dam for Newport for a week or two. How little the things
of this vain world appeal to those who can have them by touching a
button.
 It runs in the Howl family. W. Dean has a daughter who puts her
poems under display ad heads in Scribner’s. The decorative head is the
thing. The poem just belongs.
The last Century is not so distinctly medieval as some of its
predecessors.
Mrs. Robert Humphrey Elsmere Ward has quit twaddling for a
space. “Bessie Costrell” is ended, and it’s a toss up between jubilate and
nunc dimittis.
The current Atlantic is very pacific—not to say mild.
The June Chautauquan really praises “newspaper English.” This is
the time of year when the Reservation wants all the newspaper English it
can get for nothing.
The amazing thing about that Amazing Marriage is the lot of talk the
proof reader has read about it.
Tarbell discovered Napoleon, but McClure discovered Tarbell.
Now let’s have a series of living documents—“Tarbell at 8,” “Tarbell at
9:30,” “Tarbell at 46,” etc.
The World, the Flesh and the Devil have gone out of partnership in
the ’Frisco News-Letter. The head of the firm retires.
 THE SPOTTED SPRINTER.

. ’ .

I saw a man making a fool of himself;

He was writing a poem,
Scratch, scratch, scratch went his pen,
“Go ’way, Man,” says I; “you can’t do it.”
He picked up a handful of red devils and
Threw them at my head.
“You infernal liar,” he howled,
“I can write poetry with my toes!”
I was disquieted. I turned and
Ran like a Blue Streak for the Horizon,
Yelling Bloody Murder.
When I got there I
Bit a piece out of it
And lay down on my stomach and
Thought.
And breathed hard.

AN EARNEST CRY AND PRAYER.

Ye kin of unco’ writing men,

How can ye sing sae weak, sae flat;
How can ye wag the little pen,
And I sae weary and a’ that!

A near relation ye may ain,

Wha’s joyed me muckle in the past—
That canna sooth my inward pain—
Ye’ll break my swelling heart at last!

Thou well mayst be a poet’s son,

 And still shouldst gather trolley fare;
The daughter of a mighty one,
And yet shouldst maul the typewritair!

Oh, relatives of canny men,

Think ye that I’ve a heart to feel;
Stay, stay the wild cavorting pen,
And gie my wounds a chance to heal.

T A S .

TO THE NICEST GIRL.

Eyes of brown: The major key

In which, ’tis plain, days ought to be,
Seems all in minor chords; the strings
Have slipped down half-a-tone, and things
Are dark as blackest night to me.

And why? Because your brown eyes bring

The vision of a heart to me;
The vision of a heart to sing
Of Life and Love and Loyalty—
I may not win. That’s why the strings
Are out of tune.

H. P. T.
 ADVERTISEMENTS.

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 MEDITATIONS IN MOTLEY.
By WALTER BLACKBURN HARTE

“Meditations in Motley” reveals a new American essayist,

honest and whimsical, with a good deal of decorative plain
speaking. An occasional carelessness of style is redeemed by
unfailing insight.—I. Z in The Pall Mall Magazine
for April, 1895.
A series of well written essays, remarkable on the whole
for observation, refinement of feeling and literary sense. The
book may be taken as a wholesome protest against the
utilitarian efforts of the Time-Spirit, and as a plea for the
rights and liberties of the imagination. We congratulate Mr.
Harte on the success of his book.—Public Opinion, London,
England.
Mr. Harte is not always so good in the piece as in the
pattern, but he is often a pleasant companion, and I have met
with no volume of essays from America since Miss Agnes
Repplier’s so good as his “Meditations in Motley.”—R
L G , in the London Review.

PRICE, CLOTH $1.25.

For sale by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of
price by T P .

LITTLE JOURNEYS
To the Homes of Good Men and Great.
A series of literary studies published in monthly numbers,
tastefully printed on hand-made paper, with attractive title-
page.
By ELBERT HUBBARD
 The publishers announce that Little Journeys
will be issued monthly and that each number will
treat of recent visits made by Mr. Elbert Hubbard
to the homes and haunts of various eminent
persons. The subjects for the first twelve numbers have been
arranged as follows:

1. George Eliot
2. Thomas Carlyle
3. John Ruskin
4. W. E. Gladstone
5. J. M. W. Turner
6. Jonathan Swift
7. Victor Hugo
8. Wm. Wordsworth
9. W. M. Thackeray
10. Charles Dickens
11. Oliver Goldsmith
12. Shakespeare

LITTLE JOURNEYS:
Published Monthly, 50 cents a year. Single copies. 5
cents, postage paid.
Published by G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS,
27 and 29 West 23d Street, New York.
24 Bedford Street, Strand, London.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE
PHILISTINE: A PERIODICAL OF PROTEST (VOL. I, NO. 2, JULY
1895) ***

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