THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE
• A cycle with feedwater heating
Schematic of regenerative Rankine cycle
The TS diagram for a regenerative cycle with one stage of feed heating
DIRECT CONTACT, OPEN HEAT EXCHANGER
• The incoming steam and water mix within the shell of the heater
Fraction of steam that goes to the feedwater heater
mass of steam to feed heater
y 1=
total system mass
energy balance at feedwater heater
y1 h3 + (1-y1) h6 = h7
(ℎ7−ℎ6)
y1 =
ℎ3−ℎ6
The turbine work per kg in the system
wt = h2-h3 + (1-y1) (h3-h4) kJ /kg
work of pump
wp = wp1 + wp2 wp1 = (h6-h5) (1-y1) wp2 = h1-h7
CLOSED FEEDWATER HEATER
• a shell and tube heat exchanger, or a closed heat exchanger
• The steam and water are separated, with steam on the shell side and water in the tubes.
• The liquid leaving the heat exchanger has an enthalpy equal to the saturated- liquid
enthalpy of the condensed steam.
An ideal regenerative Rankine cycle has a steam generator outlet pressure of 10MPa and
temperature of 550 C. the condenser pressure is 10 kPa, and extraction for one stage of regenerative
heating (open feedwater heater) occurs at 1000kPa. Determine the cycle efficiency.
Solution
Determine the point enthalpies
Superheated table
@ 1 MPa, s2=s3 = 6.7549 kJ/kg-K superheated table
h3 =2856.9 kJ/kg
@ 10 kPa, s4=s3=s2=6.7549 kJ/kg-K h4= hf + xhfg
S4 = sf + x Sfg x= (s4-sf)/Sfg = (6.7549 – 0.6493)/7.5009
x = 0.81398 kg steam/kg mixture
h4 = 191.83 + 0.81398(2392.8)
= 2139.521 kJ/kg
h6 = h5 + v5 (p7-p5)
= 191.83 kJ/kg + 0.001010m3/kg (1000-10) kN/m2 = 192.8 kJ/kg
h7 = hf @ 1000kPa = 762.5 kJ/kg
h1 = h7 + v7(p1-p7)
h1 = 762.5 kJ/kg + 0.001 127 m3/kg) 10 000 – 1000) kN/m2 = 772.6 kJ/kg
first law analysis of the heater
ℎ7−ℎ6 772.6−192.8
y1 = = = 0.2176
ℎ3−ℎ6 2856.9−192.8
1-Y1 = 0.7824
the turbine work,
wt = (h2-h3) + (1-yi) (h3-h4)
wt = (3501.9 – 2856.9) + 0.7824(2856.9-2139.9) = 1206.0 kJ/kg
the total pump work,
wp1 = (1-y1) (h6-h5) = (0.7824) (192.8-191.8) = 0.78 kJ/kg
wp2 = (h1-h7) = (772.6 – 762.5) = 10.1 kJ/kg
wp = wp1 + wp2 = 10.88 kJ/kg
the net works
wnet = wt - wp = 1206.0 – 10.9 = 1195.1 kJ/kg
The heat addition
Qin = h2-h1 = 3501.9 -772.6 = 2729.3 kj/kg
The thermal efficiency
1195.1
𝜂𝑡ℎ = = 0.438 = 43.8 %
2729.3
An ideal regenerative Rankine cycle has a steam generator outlet pressure of 10MPa and
temperature of 550 C. the condenser pressure is 10 kPa, and extraction for one stage of regenerative
heating (closed feedwater heater) occurs at 1000kPa. Determine the cycle efficiency.
Solution
The enthalpies
h2 = 3501.9 kJ/kg
h3 = 2856.9 kJ/kg
h4 = 2139 .9 kJ/kg
h5 = 191.8 kJ/kg
h6 = h5 + v5 (p6-p5) = 191.8 + 0.001010 m3/kg (1,000 -10) kN/m2 = 201.9 kJ/kg
h1 = ha = hf@ 1000 kPa = 762.5 kJ/kg
energy balance at heater
y1h3 +h6 = h1 + y1ha
y1(h3-ha) = h1-h6
ℎ1−ℎ6 762.5−201.9
y1 = =
ℎ3−ℎ𝑎 2856.9−762.5
y1 = 0.2677
1-y1 = 0.7323
The turbine works
wt = h2-h3 + (1-y1) (h3-h4)
= (3501.9-2856.9) + 0.7323 (2856.9- 2139.9)
wt = 1170.0 kJ/kg
the pump works
wp = h6-h5 = 201.9- 191.8 = 10.1 kJ/kg
the net works
w net = wt - wp = 1170.0 -10.1 = 1159.9 kJ/kg
the heat added
qin = h2-h1 = 3501.9 -762.5 = 2739.4 kJ/kg
the thermal efficiency
𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 1159.9
𝜂𝑡ℎ = = = 0.423 𝑜𝑟 42.3%
𝑞𝑖𝑛 2739.4
Exercise
1. An ideal regenerative Rankine cycle has a steam generator outlet pressure of 10MPa and
temperature of 600 C. the condenser pressure is 10 kPa, and extraction for one stage of
regenerative heating (closed feedwater heater) occurs at 800kPa. Determine the cycle
efficiency.
2. An ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with one open feedwater heater. Steam enters the turbine
at 20 MPa and 600 C and is condensed at a pressure of 10 kPa. Some steam leaves the turbine at
a pressure of 1.2 MPa and enters the open feedwater heater. Determine the fraction of steam
extracted from the turbine and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
