NEW CURRICULUM NOTES

FORM 1-4 SHONA (4007)

2017-22

ZVIRI MUKATI
Chitsauko Peji
Chitsauko 1
Manyorerwo eChiShona………………………………………………………………………2-4

Chitsauko 2
Rondedzero………………………………………………………………....………………....5-9

Chitsauko 3
Zvirungamutauro…………………………………………………………………………....10-16

Chitsauko 4
Zvimwewo zvinobvunzwa mubvunzo……………………………………………………...17-19

Chitsauko 5
Nzwisiso nepfupiso……………………………………………………………....…………20-21

Chitsauko 6
Mutauro……………………………………………………………………………………..22-36

Chitsauko 7
Misambo yekutaura…………………………………………………………………………37-46

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 CHITSAUKO 1
MANYORERWO ECHISHONA
Kunyora ChiShona Chakanaka
Pakunyora ChiShona chakanaka tinotarisira kuti mudzidzi agone kuperetera mazwi zvakanaka
nenzira itsva iriko, kushandisa nyora nekubatanidza nekuparadzanisa mazwi. Izvi zvinobatsira
zvikuru kunyangwe pakunyora rondedzero.
Nyora
1. Kushandiswa kwenyora – nyora ndidzo dzinobudisa maumbirwo ezvirevo.
a) Chikuwo ! – chinonzi chikatyamaro chinoshandiswa pakushamisika kana pose panotaura
munhu achishevedzera kana kutaridza kuvhunduka sezvizvi:
A-a! Iwe, uya pano! Hu-ri-i!
b) Chindaguma / chimiso (.) – chinoshandiswa panoperera chirevo choga choga somuenzaniso:
Amai nababa vaenda kunorima.
c) Chiturabefu/ nhurabefu/chituramafemo – chinoshandiswa pakugura chirevo chinenge
chakarebesa, asi pachinopfekerwa panobuda pfungwa yakazara ine zvainoreva: Kero,
patakachata, ndakatsidza kuti ndive murume wako, ndikuitire zvose zvaungade.
Chinoshandiswa zvakare pakupatsanura zvinhu zviri murundaza (list) sekuti; Amai vatenga
chingwa, mazai, tsvigiri nemasamba.
d) Zviratidzamutauri/nhapamazwi ( “ ” ) – nyora idzi dzinoshandiswa panotapwa mazwi
omutauri. Mazwitaurwa-direct speech anongoonekwa nenyora idzi sezvinotevera: “Hongu,
ndave kuda kuenda kumusha kwedu”. Akapindura mukadzi waNhamo. Paul akati, “Ndinoda
chechi, kwete mari”.
e) Chikomberedzo ( ) – izvi zvinoshandiswa panenge pachishandiswa izwi reChiRungu kana
kuti tsanaguro inenge yapiwa isinganzwisisiki, nekudaro izwi rinotsanangura nepapfupi
ndiro rinokomberedzwa seizvi: Mhedziso ( Conclusion); Musambo ( Register).
f) Chibvunzo / Chituramubvunzo (?) – inyora inoshandiswa pose panenge pachibvunzwa
mubvunzo sekuti: “Ndati unodei pano?” ; “Ini uchandiziva here muzukuru?”
g) Zvidonhwe ( : ) neChidonhwegaswa ( ; ) – zvinoshandiswa pakutaridza kuti pane
zvinotevera mushure mezvinenge zvanyorwa, sokuti; sezvizvi; Heunoi muenzaniso:
Magumo:. Zvingona kushanda panenge pachipiwa tumisoro tudiki sokuti: Manyorerwo
erondedzero yenyaya: Mhando dzerondedzero; hurukuro; tsamba nenyaya. Chinoshandiswa
kubatanidza mitsara miviri ine pfungwa dzinodyidzana, sokuti: Vakafamba vachitarisa
kwose kwose; vakazozorora vasvika. Zvidonhwe zvinoshandiswa kupatsanura vatambi
nemazwi avo sepakunyora hurukuro.
Vara guru – rinoshanda poga poga panotanga chirevo, pamazita avanhu, nzvimbo, maguta,
migwagwa, uye nzizi uye pose panonyorwa zita richipa ruremekedzo sezvinotevera:
Vakauya nezuro nechitima (panotanga chirevo).
Dhliwayo; Prince; VaMuto; Harare; First Street ; Munyati River (mazita); ChiShona.
Mubvunzo 1: Tsanangura basa rechisunganzwi ( - ). (3)
Kubatanidza nekuparadzanisa manzwi
Vadzidzi vanorasikirwa nemamakisi akawanda kana vakaita mhosho dzakanangana nekubatanidza
kana kuparadzanisa manzwi. Zvinotevera zvichaita kuti vabudirire mukunyora zvakanaka.

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Kubatanidza manzwi
1. Mazita
a) Mazita evanhu ose zvisineyi nekureba kwawo sokuti: Bvunzawabaya; Muchineripi.
b) Mazita anoti kana akapepetwa kaviri oreva zvakasiyana sekuti:
mbuya – mbuyambuya (kugara)
meso – mesomeso (ruchiva)
mhere – mheremhere (ruzha).
c) Mazita anotaridza ukama hwevanhu anobatanidzwa sezvizvi: babamunini; babamukuru
kwete kuti baba munini kana baba mukuru.
2. Zvipauro
a) Zvipauro zvakapetwa kaviri zvinobatanidzwa: murefurefu; mukobvukobvu;
vapfupipfupi.
b) Zvipauro zvinotaridza nhamba zvinonyorwa zvakabatanidzwa: vaviri; vana; vashanu.
c) Zvipauro zvenhamba kana zvakapetwa ruviri hazviiswe chisungazwi pakati: vana vana;
vashanu vashanu; gumi gumi.
3. Zviito
a) Zviito zvinoshandiswa zvakapetwa kaviri zvinonyorwa zvakabatanidzwa nekavara
komutsetse mupfupi (chisungazwi) ( - ) sezvizvi: mira-mira; famba-famba; tamba-
tamba; chema-chema.
b) Zviito zviviri zvakabatanidzwa kuti zviumbe chiito chimwe chete chakapfupiswa
(contracted infinitive verbs) zvinobatanidzwa sezvizvi: kugara kunwa–kugaronwa;
Kufuma kubata – kufumobata; kunyatsa kutaura – kunyatsotaura.
Mazwi anofanira kuparadzaniswa
1. Zviitogama (Auxillary verbs) – izvi zviito zvisina kuzara kana kuti zvisingakwanisi
kushanda zviri zvoga kana zvakaparadzaniswa nemazwi anozvitevera hazvibatanidzwi.
-va ndava kuuya kwete ndavakuuya
-ri ndiri kuenda kwete ndirikuenda
-nga rakanga rafa kwete rakangarafa
-na havana kuba kwete havanakuba
-ti vati idyai kwete vatiidyai
-nzi chakanzi chiende kwete chakanzichiende
-dai vakadai vasvika kwete vakadaivasvika.
2. Nyaudzosingwi – nyaudzosingwi dzakapetwa kaviri dzinofanirwa kunyorwa
dzakaparadzaniswa sezvizvi:
Vai vai kwete vaivai
Tambe tambe kwete tambetambe
3. Mazita akadzokororwa / kupetwa kaviri anonyorwa akaparadzaniswa.
Pedo pedo; kure kure; kare kare.
4. Mazwi anobatanidza zvirevo (conjuctives) anoparadzaniswa neanoatevera acho seanoti:
nekudaro; saka; kana; sezvo; kunyange; nokuti; uye
Kuperetera mazwi
Kuperetera zvakaipa kunyora vara duku panzvimbo yeguru, kana vara guru panzvimbo yeduku,
kusiya vana pachiperengo, kuisa chisungazwi pokutanga uye kunyora vara guru panzvovera.
Mhosho idzi dzinofanira kungwarirwa kuti mudzidzi asarasikirwa negoho rakawanda kunyanya
pakunyora rondedzero.

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Mienzaniso:
a) kadoma pane kuti Kadoma
b) Kadoa pane kuti Kadoma
c) KadomA pane kuti Kadoma
d) kutsaga pane kuti kutsvaga
e) –Ndakaenda kwaGutu netsoka.

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 CHITSAUKO 2
RONDEDZERO (COMPOSITION)
Rondedzero
Rondedzero inofanirwa kunyorwa zvakanaka nokuti ndiyo ine mamakisi mazhinji. Huremu
hwerondedzero hunobata basa guru mukubudirira kana kuondomoka kwevana mubvunzo, nekudaro
vana vanofanirwa kupiwa dzidziso yakakwana kuti goho ravo risatapudzwa nekuda kwekutadza
kutevedza zvinodiwa. Vana vazhinji vanotadza rondedzero nokuti vanoita mhosho dzakawanda.
Nokudaro vana vanoda kubatsirwa kuti rondedzero inonyorwa sei neChiShona chakanaka.
Ndinovimba kuti chikamu chapfuura chichabatsira zvikuru.

Zvinotarisirwa parondedzero yakanaka

a) Kusarudza musoro werondedzero – mudzidzi anofanira kunyotsoverenga misoro yakapiwa
obva asarudza waanoda kunyora nezvawo. Sarudza musoro waunonyatsoziva kuti
usapererwa nezvokunyora kwete kuda kushamisira nekunyora zvakaoma uchiti ndiwe wega
wazvinyora asi uchitori mudondo.
b) Kunyora gadziriro – nyora pfunga dzinokosha dzaunoda kushandisa murondedzero yako.
Izvi zvinoita kuti usasiirire zvimwe zvakakosha. Pfungwa dzinoumba rondedzero
dzinofanira kuve dzichitevedzana.
c) Kunyora musoro wawasarudza – nyora nhamba yemusoro wawasarudza kuruboshwe
kwemajini. Kana zvichibvira nyora zvose kuitira kuti usasiyanisa nhamba nemusoro
werondedzero sezvizvi: 1. a) Zuva randakasvika mhandu.
d) Kunyora ndima dzakanaka – ndima inoumbwa nezvirevo zvakawanda zvine pfungwa
dzinopindirana kwete mutsara umwe chete.
e) Urefu hwerondedzero – kazhinji urefu hwerondedzero hwunopiwa pamurairo webepa
sokuti, Nyora rondedzero iri pakati pe350 ne450 kana kuti mapeji matatu nechidimbu
nemana.
f) Kunyora zvakanaka – kunyora runyoro rwunoverengeka uchibudisa mavara
sezvaanosungirwa kuve uye kusacheka-cheka nekudzima-dzima basa.
g) Kudzokorora rondedzero – dzokororo inoita kuti uone mhosho dzawaita wobva wagadzirisa.
Kana uchicheka, unofanira kutara kamwe chete uchishandisa rura.
Chimiro cherondedzero
Rondedzero dzine chimiro chadzo icho chinofanirwa kubatwa nemazvo kuti dzigobuda zvakanaka.
a) Nhanganyaya / mavambo – iyi ndiyo ndima yokutanga inofanira kuve pfupi ichipa
munongedzo wezvichatevera mumutumbi. Unofanira kusarudza manzwi akanaka, anotapira
zvinozopa mukwenyi chidikwadikwa chokunzwa zvawanyora. Edza kupinza pfungwa huru
mumavambo.
b) Mutumbi – apa ndipo pakati perondedzero panopinda zvose zvaunoda kutaura. Pakunyora
kwaunoita unofanira:
- Kuronga pfungwa dzinopindirana, dzichitevedzana neuwandu hwadzo.
- Kunyora zvirevo zvinonzwisisika uye zvine pfungwa dzakarongana zvakanaka.
- Zvirevo zvinofanirwa kunyorwa neChiShona chakanaka chamandorokwati, chisina
musanganiswa wemazwi eChiRungu neeChiShona.
- Chikamu choga choga nepfungwa yacho. Kana woenda kune chimwe chikamu siya
wapendera chiya chawanga uchinyora nemupendero wakaringana (befitting conclusion).
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 Chikamu chitsva chinoonekwa nekudarika mutsara umwe chete. Chinoteverawo
chinofanirwa kunge chisina kurumurwa kubva mune chapera asi kutoredzera pasiirwa
pacho zvichiita hochekoche zvichirudunuka sechivhimbo cheshinda. Zvikamu
zvinofanirwa kuve nemitsara yakaringana kwete kuti chimwe chikamu choita
zidhandanda chimwe choita mitsetse miviri chete.
- Nzvimbo, nguva iri kuitika nyaya nevatambi zvinofanira kukosheswa.
- Kushandisa nyora, kupereta, kubatanidza nekuparadzanisa mazwi zvakanaka.
- Kushandisa zvirungamutauro pakakodzera (tsumo, madimikira, fananidzo/ fananidzosiri
nezvimwewo)
c) Mhedziso
Aya ndiwo magumo erondedzero. Inofanira kuve pfupi uye ichienderana nezvawanyora
mumutumbi. Mhedziso iyi inozokumba nekubatanidza pfungwa huru dziya kudziita chinhu
chimwe chete. Apa mudzidzi anogona kuisawo zvirungamutauro kuti inakidze nekukwidza
goho.

Mhando dzerondedzero
Manyorerwo erondedzero anobva kumhando yaunoda kunyora nezvayo. Dzimwe dzemhando
ndedzinotevera:

1. Rondedzero yenyaya Tsamba – ingava yeshamwari, hama kana yebasa.

2. Tsananguro.
3. Tsumo sekuti: Chiri pamuchena chiri pamutenure.
4. Hurukuro.
5. Nhaurwa ( speech).
Muchinyorwa chino, tichataura pamusoro perondedzero yenyaya, yetsamba netsananguro. Mudzidzi
anokurudzirwa kuverenga nekuziva manyorerwo edzimwe dzemhando uye kushandisa pfungwa
dzapiwa dzinoumba rondedzero yakanaka.

Rondedzero yenyaya

 Mhando iyi ndiyo iri nyore kupinda dzimwe dzose zvokuti mudzidzi anokwanisa kuwana
zvibodzwa zvakawanda pabvunzo.
 Rondedzero yenyaya kana nhoroondo inoda kuti mudzidzi/munyori atsanangudze
zvakaitika aripo kana kuti zvaakasangana nazvo.
 Munyori anofanira kudzamisa pfungwa dzake nokuburitsa chinyorwa chinosiya muverengi
aonawo zvawakasangana nazvo zvekuti anopedzisira ava kuita sekunge anga aripo.
 Nyaya yacho ngaive inonakidza uye ichikwezva kuitira kuti muverengi akwanise kufamba
newe.
 Zviratidzanguva zvezvakaitika kana zvichangopfuura zvinofanira kushandiswa zvakanaka.
 Usakanganwawo zvirungamutauro asi uchiyeuka kuti haungopotsere pazvisingakwane.

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  Pamhando iyi ndipo panopinda misoro yenyaya inoti zuva randisingakanganwi, zuva
randakaona ndondo, zuva rangu rekutanga kukwira bhazi, tsaona nemotokari,
 Vadzidzi vanogona kupiwa tsumo vonzi vanyore rondedzero inoburitsa zvinoreva tsumo iyi.
Izvi zvinoda kuti mudzidzi atange aziva zvinoreva tsumo yakapiwa. Dzimwe dzenguva
unogona kupiwa rondedzero ine mazwi okutanga nawo kana okupedzisa nawo.
Mibvunzo
1. b) Sarudza musoro mumwe chete kubva pane inotevera. Zvino chinyora muChiShona
chakanaka rondedzero, hurukuro kana tsamba ina mapeji anokwana matatu chete.
1. b) Nyora nyaya inotanga nemazwi anoti “Ndakati meso jii kuwadhi/kunzanga yevarwere
vechikadzi wanike hapana chakanaka, angove marimi emoto”. [50]
1. c) Nyora nyaya inobudisa tsumo yokuti, dai ndakaziva haitungamire. [50]
1. (b) Nyora nyaya inopendzisira nemazwi anoti, “Uku ndiko kwakava kuparara kwemhuri.”
[50]

Rondedzero yetsamba

 Tsamba dzinowanikwa zvakare dziri mubandiko rerondedzero. Tsamba ndeimwe nzira iri nyore
kuwana nayo zvibodzwa pabvunzo.
 Tine mhando mbiri, tsamba kushamwari nehama neyebasa.

Tsamba kushamwari

- Iyi inongoda kero imwe chete (yemunyori). Kero iyoyo haiiswi zvidonhwe uye haina mazwi
anonyorwa muchidimbu.
- Kana kero yapera panonyorwa zuva ranyorwa tsamba iyi mushure mekudarika mutsetse
tichidzika.
- Kana tapedza zuva, tinodarika tonyora remekedzo yemunhu watiri kunyorera tsamba sekuti,
Vanodiwa tete, Kuna amai / baba, Anodiwa mukoma / hanzvadzi, Mudiwa Caro, Shamwari
Tanaka.
- Kana tadaro tochidzika kupinda munhanganyaya nemumutumbi wetsamba tichirangarira
kuti tsamba yedu tainyorerei ( kwaziso kana kuzivisa zvinenge zvaitika).
- Mutumbi wetsamba ngaunyorwewo muzvikamu zvinokochekerana zvakanaka sengetani
dzegejo. Misiyano pakati pemisambo yokutaura inofanira kuonekwa mumhando dzetsamba.
- Mutsamba yemhando iyi tinobvumirwa chose kumhoresa vose vatada vakarerekera
kumumhu anyorerwa tsamba.
- Kupera kwekwaziso kunouyawo kunyorwa kwezita remunyori wetsamba. Hapana
chikonzero chekunyorera zita rizere asi kuti unongonyora rekutanga nokuti munozivana
nemunhu wawanyorera.
-
Tsamba yebasa
- Iyi tsamba ine muronga wayo wakasiyana neyokutanga.
- Tsamba iyi inonyorwa nekero mbiri. Kero yekutanga ndeyemunhu ari kunyora tsamba
wacho uye yechipiri yeari kunyorerwa. Dzinonyorwawo dzisina zvidonhwe kana mazwi
akadamburwa.
- Mushure mekunyorwa kero yekutanga tinonyora zuva ranyorwa tsamba.

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 - Todarika mutsetse tonyora mazwi akaita seaya; Sachigaro, Mupepeti wenhau, Munyori,
Mukuru wechikoro, Sahomwe. Tobva tanyora kero yepiri yekuri kuenda tsamba
ichitevedzana nemazwi apiwa.
- Tapedza kero yepiri, tinobva taenda kunopa ruremekedzo kune watiri kunyorera.
- Todarika mutsetse tonyora donzvo rawanyorera tsamba iro rinonyorwa napaviri. Kana
wanyora kuti donzvo chisarudza kuti unoda kurinyora namavara makuru kana madiki nekuti
unotara mutaro pasi kana wanyora namavara madiki.
- Wapedza, chipinda panhanganyaya nemumutumbi wakanangana nedonzvo rawapa chete.
- Wadaro, tsvakawo mapenderero aungaita usingashandise zvirungamutauro, wochinyora zita
rako pazasi rizere sekuti Dhliwayo Pride.
Mibvunzo
1. (e) Nyora tsamba kumubereki wako ave nemakore ari mhiri kwamakungwa uchimuudza
maomero nemanakiro eupenyu hwamuri kurarama ivo vasipo. [50]
2. (e) Nyora tsamba kumuriri wedunhu renyu muParamende uchimupa mazano ezvaangaite
kuti arambe aine tsigiro yavanhu. [50]

Rondedzero yetsananguro

- Rondedzero yetsanangudzo inonangana nekutsanangudza chinhu, pfungwa kana maitiro

ezvinhu.
- Inoda kuti munyori abudise pfungwa huru uye zvakakosha.
- Tsanangudzo iyi inonyatsobuda zvakanaka kana pachishandiswa mazwi etsanangudzo
anonzi zvipauro (adjectives). Mazwi aya anobatsira kuenzanisa zvinhu kuchipawo mamiriro
chaiwo ezvinhu.
- Pakushandisa zvipauro, panodawo unyanzvi hwekushandisa zvirungamutauro.
- Imwe misoro yehando iyi inodawo kushandisa zvipauro, fananidzo neenzaniso
sepanotsanangurwa chimiro chemunhu.
- Mubvunzo wemhando iyi haunyorwe nyaya uye unoda mudzidzi ane ruzivo pachinhu
chabvunzwa kwete kutsvanzvadzira pamubvunzo.
- Mibvunzo iyi inogona kubva mune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvapachikoro saka haizoreme
pakunyora.
- Mibvunzo yerondedzero iyi inogona kuuya riri shoko rimwe chete sokuti nzara kana kuti
chiri chirevo takanangana netsika nemagariro eVaShona, zvoupfumi, zvirwere, matongerwo
enyika, zvakatikomberedza nezvimwewo. Heinoi mienzaniso yerondedzero dzetsananguro:

1. Tsanangura zviri kukonzera kupararira kwechirwere chemanyoka (typhoid), uye zvingaitwe

kupedza dambudziko iri.
2. Kutanda botso.
3. Kukosha kwemiti.
4. Barika.
5. Mudzidzisi wangu kana kuti munhu andinoyemura mudunhu medu.
6. Nzara.
7. Nyora rondedzero uchitsanangura zvingaitwe nehurumende kupedza dambudziko renzara
muZimbabwe.

Muenzaniso wezvingadiwa parondedzero yekuti Nzara (50):

Mubvunzo wemhando iyi unoda kuti uite zvinotevera:

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- Kunyora tsananguro yeizwi racho.
- Kunyora tsananguro yezvakawanda- wanda zviri maererano neizwi rakapiwa.
- Mhando dzenzara.
- Nzvimbo dzinoita nzara.
- Zvinokonzera nzara.
- Matambudziko enzara.
- Zvayakanakirawo.
- Zvingaitwe kuderedza kana kupedza nzara munyika.

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 CHITSAUKO 3
ZVIRUNGAMUTAURO
Tsumo (Proverbs)
 Tsumo ndeimwe nzira yekurunga nayo mutauro wedu ichiburitsa hutsanzi neugo hwemunyori.
Tsumo chirevo chine mazwi ane ungwaru anoreva zvakadzama.
Mudzidzi anotarisirwa:
- kudoma/kupa tsumo dzaanoziva
- kuumba tsumo dzine mazwi akapiwa angava emhuka kana zvimwewo
- kuzadzisa tsumo dzakapiwa
- kuziva tsumo dzakafana nedzinopikisana
- kutsanangura zvinoreva tsumo.
Dzimwe tsumo
1. Agumhina afamba hazvienzani 23. Chidhiidhii kuteta hundi mwoyo uri
naTigere kumakoto.
2. Aive madziva ava mazambuko. 24. Chidziva chakadzika ndicho chinogara
3. Akonwa haasiyi midzimu wakarembera ngwena.
padare. 25. Chikomo shata divi, rimwe ritambire
4. Akuruma nzeve ndewako. pwere.
5. Ane benzi ndeane rake, kudzana 26. Chikuriri chine chimwe/chacho.
unopururudza. 27. Chinobhururka chinomhara.
6. Anokuti rima ati udye. 28. Chinono chinengwe, bere rakadya
7. Ateya mariva murutsva haatyi kusviba richifamba.
magaro. 29. Chinonzi ifa imombe, munhu anotiza.
8. Bhuru rasarira mushure rasarira shamu. 30. Chinoziva ivhu kuti mwana wembeva
9. Chaitemura chava kuseva. anorwara.
10. Chakafukidza dzimba matenga. 31. Chirere mangwana chigokurerawo.
11. Chapfakanyuka chati chipenengurwe. 32. Chiri mumoyo chiri muninga.
12. Chara chimwe hachitswanyi inda. 33. Chiri mumusakasaka chinozvinzwira.
13. Charehwa paruzhinji ibembera. 34. Chiri pamuchena chiri pamutenure.
14. Charova sei chando chadzinga ishe 35. Chisi hachiyeri musi wacharimwa.
padare. 36. Chisingaperi chinoshura.
15. Charova sei chando chakwidza hamba 37. Chitaurirwa hunyimwa mbare
mumuti. dzekumusana.
16. Charovedzera charovedzera, gudo 38. Chitsva chiri murutsoka.
rakakwira mawere kwasviba. 39. Chiverevere ndichawabaya mombe
17. Chatiza gumbo musoro waona. chamakombo maitiudzawo.
18. Chembere mukadzi hazvienzani 40. Chura kugara mumvura handi kunwa.
nekurara mugota. 41. Gonzo hariiswi mudura renzungu.
19. Chembere ndeyembwa yemurume 42. Gonzo mhini gara mumhango
ndibaba vevana. chomudzimu chikuwaniremo.
20. Chenga ose manhanga hapana risina 43. Gudo guru peta muswe kuti vaduku
mhodzi. vakutye.
21. Chida mwoyo zamu kumera pambabvu. 44. Gunguwo kuseka zizi uromo uchinge
22. Chidamoyo hamba yakada makwati. demo.

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45. Guyu kutsvukira kunze mukati muzere 73. Mwana asingachemi anofira
masvosve. mumbereko.
46. Igaroziva kuti mhanza yembudzi iri 74. Mwana kuberekwa vaviri, mugota
mumabvi. hamuchemi kacheche.
47. Imbwa nyoro ndidzo tsengi dzamatovo. 75. Mwana wamambo muranda kumwe.
48. Kakara kununa hudya kamwe. 76. Ndamba kuudzwa akaonekwa
49. Kamoto kamberevere kakapisa nembonje pahuma.
matanda mberi. 77. Nzenza mumvuri, asvika anovanda
50. Kandiro kanoenda kunobva kamwe. zuva.
51. Kuipa kuipa zvaro bveni, asi haridyi 78. Nzombe huru yakabva mukurerwa.
chakafa choga. 79. Nzou hairemerwi nenyanga dzayo.
52. Kukurukura hunge wapotswa. 80. Pfavira ngoma, husiku hurefu.
53. Kure kwegava ndiko kusina mutsubvu. 81. Rega zvipore akabva mukutsva.
54. Kuudza mwana hupedzisira. 82. Regai dzive shiri, mazai haana muto.
55. Kuvhunduka chati kwati hunge uine 83. Rinamanyanga hariputirwi
katurike. mushushunje.
56. Kuwanda huuya kwakarambwa 84. Rudo ibofu.
nemuroyi. 85. Rume rimwe harikombi churu.
57. Kuwanda kwakanaka, kwakaipira 86. Seka urema wafa.
kupedza muto. 87. Simbi inorohwa ichapisa.
58. Kuziva ambuya huudzwa. 88. Takabva neko kumhunga hakuna ipwa.
59. Makadzi munaku kusaba anoroya. 89. Varume kutsva kwendebvu
60. Mandikurumidze akazvara vanodzimurana.
mandinonoke. 90. Vasikana kudada kudada zvenyu,
61. Manga chena inoparira parere nhema. tichaonana magaro pakuyambuka.
62. Matakadya kare haanyaradzi mwana. 91. Wakurumidza kumedza, kutsenga
63. Mazvokuda mavanga enyora. uchada.
64. Mbeva zhinji hadzina mashe. 92. Yadeuka yadeuka mvura yemuguchu
65. Mbudzi kuzvarira pavanhu hunzi haidyorerwi.
nditandirwe imbwa. 93. Yatsika dope yanwa.
66. Mhembwe rudzi inozvara mwana ane 94. Zano ndega akapisa / akasiya jira
ruzhumwi. mumasese.
67. Mombe yekuronzerwa igama 95. Zingizi gonyera pamwe maruva enyika
wakaringa nzira. haaperi.
68. Mudzimu wakupa chironda wati nhunzi 96. Zizi harina nyanga.
dzikudye. 97. Zvabhenda zvabhenda mbambaira
69. Mukuru mukuru hanga haigari bvunde. haitasamudzwe.
70. Murombo haarovi chinenguwo. 98. Zvikoni zvikoni mimba haibvi
71. Muroyi royera kure vepedyo/vekwako negosoro.
vagokureverera. 99. Zviro zviyedzwa chembere yekwaChivi
72. Mviromviro yemhanza mapfeka. yakabika mabwe ikanwa muto.
100. Zviuya hazvidondani.

Mubvunzo: Wedzera dzimwe tsumo dzaunoziva. [30]

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Kuumba tsumo nemazwi akapiwa (d) Mukuru mukuru hanga haigari bvunde.
(e) Muromo kapako kokuhwanda nako.
Vadzidzi vanogona kupiwa mazwi, vonzi
vaumbe tsumo dzine mazwi aya mukati. Kuzadzisa tsumo

Mienzaniso: 1. Kugocha kunoda _________________.

(a) Gonzo 2. Matsotsi _______________________.
(b) Ukama 3. Mhanza chironda ________________.
(c) Gudo 4. Kure kwegava ___________________.
(d) Mukuru 5. Kukwira gomo __________________.
(e) Kapako 6. Anemarengenya _________________.
7. Kukanya mukaka ________________.
Mhinduro
8. Kumuzinda _____________________.
(a) Gonzo mhini gara mumhango 9. Mukadzi akanaka ________________.
chomudzimu chikuwaniremo. 10. Mukadzi mutsvuku _______________.
(b) Ukama igasva hunozadziswa nekudya. 11. Nhiyo kuenda kudzani ____________.
(c) Gudo guru peta muswe kuti vadiki 12. Ngozi yerombe i________________.
vakutye.

Tsumo dzakafanana
Tsumo Zvadzinoreva
Aiva mazambuko ava madziva. Zvinhu zvese zvinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva
Bvupa jena rakabva munyama. angava magariro evanhu kana upenyu hwavo.
Chaitemura chava kuseva.
Chinokura chinokotama musoro wegudo
chava chinokoro.
Dzaive nhungo dzave mbariro.
Kwava kusakara kwedowo kuita
serisakambodyiwa nyama.
Kugona mbavha huirongera. Kana tichinge tichida kuti tisvike pachinhu chinonetsa
Kurova imbwa wakabata nyama. kusvikira, tinofanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekuchikwezva
nacho kuti tisvike pachiri.
Akanga nyimo avangarara. Kana munhu azvipira kuita chinhu chakaoma,
Ateya mariva murutsva haatyi kusviba ngaachiregedza kufunga zvakaipa zvinogona kuitika
magaro. kwaari kubudikidza nekuita chinhu chaarovera
Wogotya sei kudonha ropa iwe waichemera mwoyo kudombo kuita.
nyora.
Kurera imbwa nemukaka mangwana Munhu anogona kuitira munhu zvinhu zvakanaka
inofuma yokuruma. muhupenyu asi iye munhu uya anogona
Kurumwa nechekuchera. kuzomupandukira ava kutomuitira zvinomurwadza.
Chinotaura ndechiri mumusungo, chiri Tsumo idzi dzinotaurwa paya panenge papona munhu
muriva chinoti denga rawa. munjodzi huru.
Kukurukura hunge wapotswa.
Chisi chako masimba mashoma. Munhu haagoni kutongera munhu zvaanoda pamusoro
Chisi chako rembedza, usakungira hata pechinhu chake.
sechako.

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 Ageza haanokorerwi. Kana munhu achinge ayaruka anenge ochitarisirwa
Chasosodzwa chava chitiyo / Kabva muzai kuchizviriritira.
kava kashiri.
Chava chigondora chava chimombe.
Ane ganda ane nyama hazvienzani neasina. Tsanangura zvinoreva tsumo idzi. (2)
Imbwa kumedza hona kudada nechivhuno .
Kutukana nemuroyi hunge muchizivana.
Ndongwe inyama hazvienzani nenhikiti.
Chiri pamuchena chiri pamutenure. Ipa tsananguro izere. (2)
Murombo haarovi chine nguwo.
Chingoma chamusinzwi chakazoguma muna Munhu asingadi kuterera zvaanoudzwa nevamwe
taisireva. anogumisira apinda mutsekwende.
Ndambakuudzwa akaonekwa nembonje
pahuma.
Mbudzi kudya mufenje hufananyina. Chinhu hachisiyane nekwachakabva.
Mhembwe rudzi inozvara mwana ane
ruzhumwi.

Mubvunzo:
a) Sarudza tsumo dzinopikisana kubva pane dzapiwa pokutanga. (20)
Kutsanangura zvinoreva tsumo
1. Chigarisano ndicho chine mhosva – vanhu vanokanganisirana nehama, shamwari,
vavakidzani nevavanobata navo nekuti mukugarisana ndimo munobva
kukanganisirana.
2. Kurera imbwa nomukaka mangwana inofuma yokuruma – nyangwe ukaitira munhu
asingatende zvakanaka anongokupandukira chete pamberi.
3. Kwadzinorohwa matumbu ndiko kwadzinomhanyira – vamwe vanhu vanoramba
vachiwirirana nevanhu vanovashungurudza.
4. Mugoni wepwere ndiye asinayo - kunaka kwemunhu kunoonekwa pamabasa kwete
pakutaura.
5. Mwana asingachemi anofira mumbereko – munhu akasataura zvinomunetsa hapana
anofembera kuti amubatsire.
6. Rukova rwizi kuyambuka unokwinya nguo – chero basa rikava diki rinongoda kuitwa
nemazvo.
7. Totenda maruva tadya chakata – unofanira kuzogutsikana chinhu chapera kwete
chichiri munzira nekuti pamwe zvinhu zvinhu hazvizobude semafungiro ako.
8. Vataitururira matohwe nhasi ndivo votiseka maparapadzwa – munhu waunoitira
chakanaka anogona kuzoramba kukubatsira mangwana.
9. Wegudza ndowegudza kufuga gumbeze rinotsva – mumwe munhu anongoteerwa
nemunyama pahupenyu hwake.
Mubvunzo
Ipa tsananguro inoenderana netsumo / madimikira anotevera.

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 1. Ane marengenya haacharike moto.
2. Chakaenzanwa ibvudzi upfumi hahuna kuenzanwa.
3. Chako ndechako kuseva unosiya muto.
4. Chibwe chiremera chavari kure vari pedyo vanotamba nacho.
5. Chidokodoko chirere-muviri chikuru chinozouya wakora.
6. Chigere ibwe muti unowa.
7. Chinogova ruoko muromo haugovi.
8. Chinokokwa upfumi urombo hunozvikoka.
9. Chinokura usipo imombe munda unokura nokuvandurirwa.
10. Ibangano muchateya kuzondoona kwava kwomumwe chete.
11. Kure ndokuna amai kune mukadzi unofa wasvika.
12. N’ai kwadzo ndedzomucheche dzomukuru dzinoreva kudya.
13. Nzou mutupo pana vanhu paseri ava machikichori.
14. Tsapata rukukwe hazvienzani nokuvata pasi.
15. Wakagarika ngewakafa mupenyu pfumo riri mushure.

Mibvunzo
2. (a) Patsumo dzinotevera, nyora tsumo inoreva zvimwe chetezvo neimwe neimwe yadzo .
(i) Mweni haapedzi dura. [2]
(ii) Chako ndechawadya chasara mutoro wamambo. [2]
(iii) Chiri mumoyo chiri muninga. [2]
(b) Sarudza tsananguro nhatu chete kubva pane dzinotevera. Pane imwe neimwe yadzo ipa
tsumo inowirirana netsananguro yacho.
(i) Munhu wese kunyange angave mukuru sei akatombobva pakuva rusvava rwakachengetwa
naamai. [2]
(ii) Kana ukaona munhu achibatsira munhu waangadai anga asine naye woziva kuti pane
chimwe chaari kuda. [2]
(iii) Munhu mukuru anotyiwa zvikuru nevaasingagari navo asi vanogara naye havanyanyi
kumutya. [2]
(iv) Kuita zvinhu nechimbichimbi kunogona kuzokonzera kuti zvinhu zvikanganisike. [2]

Madimikira
 Dimikira indevo inoshandiswa pakutsanangura zvakasiyana nedudziro yemazwi.
Zvinoreva izvo kuti dimikira rinotaura zvakahwanda. Tinogona kutora dimikira semashoko
akapesedzera.

Mudzidzi anotarisirwa:
 kudoma madimikira aanoziva
 kuzadzisa madimikira apiwa
 kutsanangura zvinoreva madimikira
 kuumba zvirevo achishandisa madimikira
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  kupa madimikira anoreva zvakafanana.
Mibvunzo

Tsanangura zvinoreva madimikira anotevera.

Kubatwa kumeso.
Kufira mafufu segonzo.
Kuisa misoro pamwe chete
Kuisa muromo mumhuno
Kutandavara serunyamba. [5]

 Vadzidzi vanogona kunzi vape madimikira vachishandisa mazwi akapiwa sokuti: nzeve,
muromo, mhino, matama, tsoka nezvimwewo.
Zvino iwe chibudisa madimikira pamazwi ari pamusoro. (5)

Fananidzo neenzaniso
Fananidzo chirungamutauro chinofananidza munhu kana chinhu nechimwe tichishandisa
mazwi ekusuma anoti: (a) Se-
(b) Kunge
(c)Sokuti.
Muenzaniso
Kuvava semhiripiri; Anomhanya setsuro. Akaonda semukonikoni, Kubvunda sorutsanga
mumvura.
Enzaniso chirungamutauro chinofananidza zvinhu zvakare, asi chinosungwa nechindori kana
kuti nechirevo chisina chiito. Enzaniso inofananidza munhu nechinhu nenzira yakapesedzera.

Muenzaniso
(a) Pakunzvenga mubhora inyenganyenga chaiyo.

Mibvunzo
3. (a) Umba fananidzo dzinopindirana nemazwi akapiwa.
Somuenzaniso: Mazwi ---senyenganyenga / mherepere
Fananidzo: Kunzvenga senyenganyenga / mherepere
(i) ………… sechikwekwe / chishambwe / chidari. [1]
(ii) ………… sedahwa. [1]
(iii) ………… sokunze kwemusha. [1]

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Nyaudzosingwi
Nyaudzosingwi mazwi anoshandiswa kutaridza kana kubudisa pachena ruvara, maitiro,
mamiriro kana manakiro echinhu. Mazwi aya anogona kushandiswa kutsiva kana kuti kutora
nzvimbo yezviito.

Mudzidzi anotarisirwa:
 kudoma nyaudzosingwi
 kuzadzisa nenyaudzosingwi
 kutsanangura zvinoreva nyaudzosingwi dzapiwa
 kuumba zvirevo achishandisa nyaudzosingwi
 kubudisa nyaudzosingwi dzinorandura.

Kushandisa nyaudzosingwi muzvirevo / kutsanangura zvadzoreva.

Muenzaniso
1. Shandisa nyaudzosingwi dzinotevera muzvirevo,
2. Tsanangura zvinoreva nyaudzosingwi dzinitevera:
a) Toro
b) Tibvu
c) Mokoto
d) Zivha
e) Dzvamu.
f) Ndee
g) Zete (14)
Kuzadzisa nenyaudzosingwi inokodzera.
2 (b) Nyora patsva ndima inotevera uchizadzisa pakashama nenyaudzosingwi dzinokodzeraa.
Isa mutaro pasi penyaudzosingwi dzawashandisa.
Kufa kwaMaidei kwakandiomesa mate kuti _________. Akangouya kwandiri achifemereka
seakazarirwa. Ini ndokuti _________ kumutarisa. Paakati achirondedzera ndakaona maziso
kuti __________ kubuda, ndiye _____ pasi, ndokwakava kutofa kwake. Ndakaiti mhere
_________ nokuti zvakanga zvandibaya moyo kuti _________. Pamusha pakazoswera pachiti
_________ kuzara nevanhu vaichema. [7]
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 CHITSAUKO 4
ZVIMWEWO ZVINOGONA KUUYA MUBVUNZO
1. Mazwi anoreva zviviri kana kupfuura – mazwi anobudisa tsananguro dzakawanda uye
anonetsa kunzwisisa kana pasina paashandiswa seizvi:
Musoro -nhengo yomuviri
-Kuve munhu anofunga zvinovaka.
 Tadiwa ari kurwadziwa nemusoro.
 Tadiwa ane musoro nekuti akatengera baba vake mota.
Mubvunzo unogona kupiwa zvirevo kuti ubudise izwi riri kureva zviviri kana kupiwa chirevo
chimwe chete iwe wonzi nyora chimwe chirevo uchibudisa musiyano.
Mubvunzo: Shandisa mazwi anotevera muzvirevo zviviri uchibudisa musiyano
wezvaanoreva:
murume kurova gore denga kamba
mbiri sora inda nzara guta (20)

2. Kuisa mazwi kana zvirevo muuzhinji.

Ushoma Uzhinji
Dziva Madziva
Kandiro
Nyurusi
Zino
Ndebvu
Nyoka

3. Kuvaka mazita kubva muzviito.

Zviito Muiti / zita

Kusevenza Musevenzi
Kubika
Kurwa
Kuponda

4. Mashoko nezvaanoreva

- Bakuro chipo chemombe chinopiwa - Charavanda mukaka mumbishi kana

amai vomudzimai nomukuwasha. wakakora unomwiwa kana kudyiwa
- Barika kana kuti guru kuita vakadzi vanhu vapedza kusvusvura.
vaviri kana vazhinji pamurume - Chekaukama imombe, kazhinji
mumwe chete, panguva imwe chete. chena isina vara, inobviswa
- Bofu munhu asingaoni. nemurume anenge achida kuroora
- Bombwe mukadzi anomiririra musikana waane ukama naye.
panoroorana vaviri. - Chifemba idoro rinotanga kupiwa
- Bondwe mukadzi wechipiri pabarika vanhu, kazhinji panhimbe.
ari munin'ina wemukadzi wekutanga. - Chigadzamapfihwa mukadzi
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 wenhaka. zvesimbi.
- Chimumumu munhu asingatauri. - Mhou imombe hadzi inobereka.
- Chimutsamapfiwa mukadzi asi ari - Mombe hono inosungwa inonzi
hama yemukadzi akashaika anouya dhonza.
kuzoroorwa nemurume akafirwa. - Mombe hono isina kuchekwa inonzi
- Chimwayange munhu anotaurisa uye handa.
achinyepa. - Mufushwa muriwo wakaomeswa.
- Chirara indima inosara isina - Mukadzi akafirwa nemurume anonzi
kurimwa pakati pedzakarimwa. chirikadzi.
- Chitunha muviri wemunhu akafa. - Mukadzi akambozvara, asi zvikuru
- Danga imombe dzinobviswa asiri pamurume anonzi mvana.
nemukuwasha seroora. - Mukadzi akwegura anonzi chembere.
- Dongo musha wakatamiwa. - Mukadzi mudiki paguru anonzi
- Dore imombe yakwegura. mukadzinyina.
- Doro rinopiwa vanhu vari pakati - Mukadzi washe anoroorwa mushure
pokurima pahumwe rinonzi mewokutanga anonzi vagota.
chiwanano. - Mukadzi washe wokutanga anonzi
- Fende munhu ane hutsvina. mukaranga.
- Gavamwedzi mwana anozvarwa - Mukurungai mubereki wemuroora
nguva isati yasvika. wako, kana kuti vabereki
- Gota imba inorara vakomana. wemukwasha wako.
- Gupuro imari kana chinhu - Munda mutsva unonzi gombo.
chinobviswa nemurume kuratidza - Munda waimborimwa kare unonzi
kuti haachadi mukadzi wake. gura.
- Gwevedzi munhu anotumwa - Munhu akafa kare kare anonzi
nemumwe kundomupfimbira mukare.
musikana. - Munhu akura asi asingaratidzi
- Horomba igudo guru rinofamba roga. kuchembera anonzi goremucheche.
- Humburukwa murume akafirwa - Munhu anotumwa kufambisa
nemukadzi. mashoko pakati pemhuri dziri
- Hurudza murimi ane mukurumbira. kuroorerana anonzi sadombo.
- Kana musikana nemukomana - Munhu anotya zvikuru anonzi gwara.
vadanana, vanopana nhumbi - Munhu asinganzwi anonzi matsi.
dzinonzi nduma sechiratidzo cherudo - Munhukadzi achangobva mukuzvara
rwavo. anonzi muzvere.
- Kudya kwamanheru vanhu vasati - Munin`ina kana mukoma wemurume
vavata kunonzi chirairo. wako anonzi muramu.
- Kudya kwavanhu kwamangwanani - Muripo unopiwa ishe kana achitonga
kunonzi chisvusvuro. nyaya unonzi chirigo.
- Makudo anorara pachiro. - Murongo mukadzi mutsva.
- Manda mafuta enyama. - Murume abve zera anonoka kuroora
- Mbeveve munhu asingatauri. anonzi tsvimborume.
- Mhanje mukadzi asingabereki. - Murume akwegura anonzi harahwa.
- Mhizha inyanzvi yekugadzira zvinhu - Musikana adarika zera rokuroorwa
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 anonzi tsikombi. - Ramba imombe hadzi isingabereki.
- Musikana asingaroorwi anonzi - Shupa izai risingatsotsonywi.
mbonga. - Tinorima mupunga mudoro.
- Musiyiwa munhu akafirwa. - Tinorima muriwo mubindu.
- Mwana anotanga kumera mazino - Tinorima nzungu nenyimo mutseu.
ekumusoro anonzi durika. - Tsiru imombe hadzi isati yabereka.
- Mwana anozvarwa akafa anonzi - Tsote imhuka hadzi isingabereki.
gambe. - Vahosi mukadzi mukuru paguru.
- Mwana wekupedzisira kuzvarwa - Wedzinza rako akafa karekare anonzi
mumhuri anonzi gotwe. tateguru.
- Mwana wekutanga kuzvarwa
mumhuri anonzi dangwe. Mubvunzo:
- Mwanakomana waMambo 1. Hombarume chii?[2]
wekutanga kuzvarwa mumhuri 2. Ipa zita rinopikisana nahombarume.[1]
anonzi nevanji.
- Mwanasikana waMambo (Murozvi) 5. Mhuka nevana vadzo
anonzi vaMoyo). a) Hwai - shere
- Ngomwa murume asingabereki. b) Gava - hambwana
- Nhanga imba inorara vasikana. c) Inda - rakadzi
- Nherera mwana akafirwa nevabereki. d) Kamba - shasha
- Nyachide mukadzi anodiwa zvikuru e) Garwe - ganyamatope
pabarika. f) Tsuro - nhowa
- Nyachide mukadzi anonyanyodiwa g) Shumba - handa
nemurume kupinda vamwe vese h) Rwaivhi - mandishaya
pabarika kana kuti pachipari. i) Hove - rereza
- Nyama yakaomeswa inonzi j) Katsi - chidharimbo
chimukuyu. k) Shoko - maidei/shokorana
- Nyamukuta munhu anoita basa l) Mbira - chiduwa
rekubatsira vakadzi pakuzvara. m) Njiri - chinjerete
- Nyemba isingaibvi inonzi n) Mvuu - handachibvuwa
nhinhe/nhire. o) Bimha - tsvana
- Nzuma imombe isina nyanga. p) Mbeva - manditeya
- Nzvimbo inobikirwa hwahwa inonzi q) Nyuchi - zana
bikiro. r) Datya - buruvuru
- Pakabva zino panosara vende kana s) Nzou - mhuru
kuti nyada. t) Huku - nhiyo
- Pfunda murume akafirwa u) Gudo - rushiye
nemukadzi. v) Munhu – rusvava.

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 CHITSAUKO 5
NZWISISO (COMPREHENSION)
Nzwisiso
Mubvunzo unenge uine mamakisi makumi maviri [20]. Nzwisiso inobvunza mibvunzo
pamusoro pendima inenge yakapihwa.
Zvakakosha panzwisiso
 Chakanyanyokosha ndechekuti uverenge nyaya inenge yakapihwa uinzwisise
ugopindura mibvunzo yose nenguva yakatarwa ndokusaka ichinzi nzwisiso. Unofanira
kunzwisisa!
 Mhinduro dzemudzidzi panzwisiso dzinofanira kunangana nezviri mundima
yaverengwa kwete rumwe ruzivo pane zvakaverengwa mune dzimwe nyaya kana
mabhuku akamboverengwa zvisinei nokuti ndopabva nzwisiso yacho.
Zvimwewo zvakakosha pakupindura mibvunzo yenzwisiso ndezvizvi:
a) Nangana nemibvunzo yabvunzwa kwete kudzokorodza ndima yawakapiwa.
b) Tanga waverenga mibvunzo usati watanga kuverenga nyaya yacho. Mushure mekunge
vaverenga mibvunzo chinyatsoverenga nyaya yacho usati watanga kupindura mibvunzo iyi.
Edza kuverenga nyaya iyi kaviri kana katatu wozopindura mibvunzo.
c) Ipa mhinduro pfupi uchinanga zvinodiwa kwete kutanga wabvotomoka kana kudzokorodza
mubvunzo wacho kana kupoterera.
d) Pindura mibvunzo yako sekurongwa kwayakaitwa, tanga newokutanga woenda kune kune
wechipiri.
e) Nhamba mhinduro dzako zvakanaka uchinyatsoona kuti nhamba dzemubvunzo dziri
kuringana nemhinduro dzawapa here. Hazvibatsiri kugona kupindura mibvunzo wotadza
nokuti hauna kuisa nhamba chaidzo.
f) Siya mutsetse pakati pemhinduro yoga yoga kuti basa rako risanetsa kuverenga.

Pfupiso (Summary)
Pamubvunzo weNzwisiso panenge paine mubvunzo wepfupiso une mamakisi gumi [10].
Zvakakosha pakupindura mubvunzo wepfupiso ndeizvi:
a) Nyatsoverenga mubvunzo uzive zvauri kuda kuti upfupikise chaizvo. Kunyangwe zvazvo
mibvunzo yepfupiso isingawanzo shanduka usachimbidze kupindura mubvunzo uyu usina
kuuverenga. Kunyanya tarisa kuti uri kuda kunzi upfupikise nyaya yose here kana kuti
chidimbu chenyaya kubva pane ndima dzakatarwa.
b) Verenga nyaya yauri kunzi upfupise yacho uchinyora pfungwa hombe dziri mairi parutivi.
c) Nyora pfupiso yacho uchishandiswa manzwi awa nyora parutivi aya.

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d) Unofanira kupfupikisa ndima huru dziri munyaya kwete kupfupikisa ndima imwe neimwe
kana chirevo choga choga.
e) Pfupiso yako yokutanga kazhinji inenge iine manzwi akawandisa pane akatarwa
mumubvunzo wepfupiso iyo inowanza kuda kuti ipundirwe memanzwi makumi mana [40]
kana mashoma. (Cherechedza manzwi ari kudikanwa nemubvunzo kwete kufunga kuti pfupiso
inongoda manzwi 40). Rangarira kucheka (cross out) nyaya yokutanga.
f) Chinyora pfupiso yako uchishandisa ndima yepfupiso yaunenge wagadzira.
- Shandisa manzwi ako pachako kwete kukoponora ari mundima sezvaari.
- Kana paine manzwi ekutaura (direct speech) shandisa manzwi ako iwe ari ekumhan’ara
(indirect speech).
- Edza kushandisa manzwi mashoma anogona kutsiva akawanda kana pakanzi “mombe,
mbudzi, hwai nemadhongi” iwe iti “zvipfuwo.”
- Shandisa manzwi ekubatanidza zvirevo (discourse markers and conjuctions) kuti urase
mamwe manzwi.
g)Pfupiso inonyorwa sendima imwe chete (one paragraph).
h) Yambuka mutsara wonyora manzwi awashandisa pakunyora pfupiso yako woaputira sokuti,
[Manzwi 40].
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana wanzi manzwi 40 manzwi ako anofanirwa kuve 40.
Ukadarikidza zvinoreva kuti pane zvawanyora zvisina basa akaita mashoma zvinoreva kuti
pane zvasara.

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 CHITSAUKO 6
MUTAURO
Mazita neMipanda Yawo
Chii chinonzi zita?
Inzwi rinoshandiswa kudoma munhu, mhuka, nzvimbo, chinhu nezvimwe zvakawanda, uye
chimwe nechimwe chinhu chine zita racho.
Mipanda yamazita
Mazita anopinda muzvikwata zvakasiyana. Zvikwata izvi zvinonzi mipanda.
Chii chinonzi mupanda?
Chikwata chemazita chinowanikwa mundimi dzose dzeChiBantu kusanganisira Chishona.
Zvikwata izvi zvinove 21 muChiShona.
Maumbirwo emazita
Chivakashure chezita + dzitsi rezita.
Sekuti: Mu - + - kadzi →mukadzi.
Chi- + - ngwa → chin-gwa.
V - + -ana → vana.
Chii chinonzi chivakashure?
Chivakiso/ chiumbazwi chinotangisa kutaurwa kana kuonekwa tisati tasvika padzitsi reizwi.
Mipanda 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 2b inotaura nezvevanhu.
Mupanda 1 mu -, mw-
Mazita anoreva vanhu ari muushoma
Sekuti: murume,mwana, mwenga
mukadzi, mweni
Mupanda 2 va - , v -
Uzhinji hwemupanda 1
Mazita anoreva vanhu
Sokuti: varume, veni, vakadzi, vana
Mupanda 1a Ø
Mazita anoreva vanhu, mazita atinodanwa nawo. Mazita asina zvivakashure.
Sekuti: baba, tete, tezvara, mambo
Chipo, Mushayazano, Matirasa.

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Mupanda 2aVa - , va - , A - , Sa -
Mazita ekuremekedza, mazita anoreva vanhu sekuti:
VaMushayazano, vatete, AMuyambo,SaUngweme.
Mupanda 2b a-
Mazita anoreva vanhu sekuti: amai, ambuya, atete.
Mupanda 3 mu -, mw -
Mazita anoreva zvinhu zvakarebenuka. Mazita ari muushoma sekuti:
muti, munda, mugwagwa, mugoti.
Mupanda 4 mi –
Uzhinji hwemupanda 3. Mazita anoreva zvinhu zvakarebenuka sekuti: miti, minda, migwagwa,
migoti.
Mupanda 5 (ri -)
Chivakashure chomupanda uyu chinobva pasungawirirano yokuti iri sokuti: banga iri, sadza
iri.
NB: Haasi ose mazita ane sungawirirano yokuti iri anopinda mumupanda 5.
Chinoda kungwarirwa pamupanda uyu kuzogona kunyora dzitsi racho sokuti zita rokuti banga,
Chivakashure ndi (ri-) asi dzitsi racho rinozobva pauzhinji hwacho sokuti mapanga saka –
panga anobva ava dzitsi racho.
Shanduko yemavara anovamba madzitsi
i) (ri-) + k → g
Sekuti (ri-) + - kuru→ guru
(ri-) + - komo → gomo
ii) (ri-) + p → b
Sekuti: (ri-) + -pere→ bere
iii) (ri-) + ch → J
(ri-) + - chira → jira
(ri-) + - cheko → jeko
iv) (ri-) + pf → bv
Sekuti: (ri-) + -pfeni → bveni
v) (ri-) + s → dz
(ri-) + -sikana → dzikana
(ri-) + -soro → dzoro
Mupanda 6 ma-

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 Uwandu hwemupanda 5, sokuti mapanga, mazai , makomo, mapadza, matemo
Mupanda 7 chi- / ch-
Ushoma hwemazita emupanda 8 sokuti:chingwa , chitoro, chana.
NB: chi- anogona kuburitsa pfungwa yekushora kana akashanda nemamwe madzitsi
sekuti: Ch- + -ana
Chi- + -sikana
Chi- + -rume
Mupanda 8 zvi- / zv-
Uzhinji hwemupanda 7 sekuti zvitoro, zvikoro, zvana.
NB: Chivakashure zvi- chinogona kuburitsa pfungwa yekushora sokuti: zvana, zvisikana,
zvikadzi.
Mupanda 9 i- /N-
Ushoma hwemupanda 10
Chivakashure / N- /chinomirira mazita aya anoti kana munhu achitaura anoita sokunge
anotaurira mumhuno sokuti: mombe, n`anga, nhoro.
Mupanda10 dzi- / N-
Uzhinji hwemupanda 9
Amwe mazita acho anomiririrwa nechivakashure / N / anoita seanobuda mumhuno kana
munhu achitaura sokuti mhururu,mhengo
Maumbirwo acho akafanana neemupanda 9
Sekuti: N- + -pururu mhururu
N- + -pengu mhengo
Shanduko yemavara anovamba madzitsi mupanda 9 ne 10
i) N- + p → mh
N- + -puka → mhuka
N- + -puro→ mhuro
ii) N- + k → h
N- + -kuku → huku
N- + -kama→ hama
iii) N- + r → nd
N- + -rufu → ndufu
iv) N- + r → nz
N- + -endo → nzendo
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 N- + -iyo → nziyo
v) N- + r → nh
N- + -tumwa→ nhumwa
N- + -iyo → nhiyo
N- + -terera→ nherera
Muapanda 11 ru-, rw-
Kurebenuka kwechinhuekuti rwodzi, rukova; - kuondoroka sekuti: rumbwa, rundonda.
NB: Panogona kubudawopfungwa dzokusvora
Mupanda 12 ka- / k-
Kudupika kwechinhu sokuti: kamwana, kamhuru
Mupanda 13 tu-, tw-, ti-
Kudupika kwechinhu kwete kuti chinhu chiduku sekuti: twukomana, twana, tukadzi, tikadzi
Mupanda 14 u-, hw-, hu-
Chivakashure chinoreva zvakasiyana – siyana:
Zvinogona kubatika sekuti: upfu, ura, uchi, uta.
Zvisingabatiki sekuti: unhu, upenyu, utsi, upenzi.
Mupanda 15 ku-
Mazita anopinda mumupanda uyu zviito sekuti: kudya, kuchema, kugara, kufamba.
Mupanda 16 pa-
Chivakashure chinoreva pamusoro pechinhu sekuti pasi, patafura.
Chinorevawo pedyo nechinhu sekuti: pamba, pamusha, pachikoro.
Mupanda 17 ku-
Chivakashure ichi chinoreva nzvimbo iri kure nemutauri sekuti: kumunda, kudenga, kuHarare.
Mupanda 17a Ø
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu hachioneke. Mazita anopinda umu haana chivakashure.
Chivakashure chemazita anoreva nzvimbo sekuti mhiri, zasi,shure, mberi, Harare, Nigeria,
Zumba.
Mupanda 18 mu-
Chivakashure ichi chinoreva mukaati mechinhu sekuti: mumba, muchikoro, murwizi.
Mupanda 19 svi- / sv-

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Chivakashure ichi chinoreva kudupuka kwechinhu chiri muushoma sokuti: svimbudzi,
svikomana.
Mupanda 21 zi-
Chivakashure ichi chinoreva kunyanya kukura kwechinhu.
Hachirevi chinhu chakakurisa asi kukurisa chete sokuti: Zigadzi, Zigomana.

Zita Chivakashure Dzitsi

mhengo N- -pengo
rwendo rw- -endo
chikosoro chi- -kosoro
gumbo (ri-) -kumbo
pasi pa- -si
mushauri mu- -shauri
njiva N- -njiva
zano (ri-) -ano
mwenje mw- -enje
meso ma- -iso

Nzira dzokuisa nadzo mazita mumipanda

i) Zvivakashure zvakafanana.
ii) Sungano youshoma nouzhinji yakafanana.
iii) Zvaanoreva zvakafanana.
iv) Sungawirirano yakafanana.
v) Maumbirwo akafanana.
Zvisazitasingwi
Mabasa acho
a) Kumirira zita sokuti: Amai vaenda
Ivo vaenda
b) Chinogona kubatanana nezita sokuti: Mumba mune vanhu
Imo mumba mune vanhu
Mhando dzezvisazitasingwi
i) Zvisazitasingwi zvedungamunhu / zvevanhu (nenhamba)
ii) Zvisasitasingwi zvemipanda (nenhamba)
1) Zvine vanhu vanotevera:

Muushoma Muuzhinji

a) Munhu wekutanga ini isu

b)Munhu wechipiri iwe imi
c)Munhu wechitatu iye ivo

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 Maumbirwo
i) Chitsigisi + chiratidzamunhu
i- + -ni
i- + -we
ii)Chitsigisi + chiratidza munhu + -o
i- + -v- + o → ivo
iii)Chitsigisi + chiratidza mupanda + -o
i- + -ch - + - o → icho
i- + -tw- + -o → itwo
i- + -hw- + -o → ihwo
Zvisazitasingwi zvose zvine chitsigisi chimwe chete chinova / i /. Chitsigisi ichi chinotaurwa
neizwi rakakwirira sokuti: idzo, ivo.
Zvidudzira mazita
Mazwi anotsanangura mazita.
1. Zvipauro.
2. Zvisarudzi / zvinan`anuri.
3. Zviverengo.
4. Zvirevauwandu.
5. Zviratidzi.
6. Zvirevamwene.
7. Chidudziramuiti.
NB: Chakakosha kuziva tsananguro yechidudzirazita chimwe nechimwe uye kuzivawo
maumbirwa acho.
Chipauro Basa racho
Izwi rinopa rupawo kuchinhu chichiridudzira sokuti: mukomana mutsvuku.
Maumbirwo
Chivakashure chechipauro + dzitsi rechipauro
Mu- + -refu murefu
Svi- + -tete svitete
Chipauro chinotaurachivakashure chezita riri kududzirwa sokuti: svana svitete
Musiyano wemazita nezvipauro
- Zvipauro zvishoma pane mazita.
- Zvipauro zvine madzitsi mashoma pane mazita.
- Zvipauro zvine madzitsi anogona kudzokororeka sokuti: mutema tema
Chitsvuku tsvuku
Mhando dzezvipauro

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 a) Zvipaurosingwi zvinenge zvine chivakashure chechipauro + dzitsi rechipauro
Sokuti: mu- + -tsvuku mutsvuku
zi- + -dema zidema
b) Zviito pauro
Sokuti: Nyaya yandakanzwa.
Zvana zvakachena
Izvi zviitopauro izvi zvinenge zviri zvidudziramuiti.
Chiverengo
Basa racho
Chinoburitsa pfungwa yekuverenga chichikoshesa nhamba sokuti: mumwe mukadzi
Vanhu vamwe.
Maumbirwo
Chivakashure chechiverengo + dzitsi rechiverengo
Mu- + mwe
Chi- + -i / -nyi
ri- + -mwe
Chisarudzi / Chinan`anuri
Basa racho
Chinoburitsa pfungwa yokusarudza kana kunan`anura zvinhu kubva pane zvimwe sokuti: gore
rino, sadza riya
Madzitsi
i) / -no/ , ii) –ye / -ya iii) –pi?
i) / -no / dzitsi iri rinoburitsa pfungwa yekuva pedyo kana kukomberedza sokuti:
Chikoro chino chakanaka
Gore riya kwakaita nzara.
Baba vapi vasungwa
ii) –ya / -ye dzitsi iri rinopa pfungwa yechinhu chambotaurwa asi chisiri kuonekwa,
chinenge chichizivikanwa nevari kutaurirana.
Sokuti: mukadzi uya / ye.
Hwahwa huye.
iii) /–pi/ dzitsi iri rinoburitsa pfungwa yekubvunza
sokuti waona vana vapi?
Ndezvipi zvawanzwa?
Maumbirwo
Chivakashure chechisarudzi + dzitsi rechisarudzi
Va- + -pi
Chi- + -no
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Twu- + -ya / -ye
Chirevauwandu
Basa racho
Chinobuditsa pfunga youwandu hwezvinhu sokuti: vose vanhu
Huya wega kuchikoro.
Maumbirwo
Chivakashure chichirevauwandu + -o – (nzvovera inoshanduka) + dzitsi rechirevauwandu
Sokuti: rose r-+ -o- + -se
Woga w- + -o- + -ga
Romene r- + -o- + -mene
Madzitsi ezvirevauwandu
i) –ga
ii) –se
iii) –mene
Chiratidzi
Mhando
i) Chepadyo utwu, uyu, iyi
ii) Chekure utwo, izvo, iyo
Maumbirwo
Chepedyo Chitsigisi + chiratizamupanda
u- + -yu → uyu
a- + -va → ava
i-+-svi → isvi
chekure chitsingisi + chiratidzamupanda + -o.
u- + -y- + -o → uyo
a- + -v- + -o → avo
i- +-sv-+ -o → isvo
Mabasa ezviratidzi
Zvepedyo
i) Chinoratidza chinhu chiri kuonekwa kana kubatika sokuti:
Bhuku iri randakabata rinodzidzisa zvikuru.
Mombe iyi yakakora.
ii) Chinotaura pamusoro pechinhu chinozivikanwa navanhu vari kukutaurirana asi
chisiri kuonekwa panguva iyoyo sokuti:
Mwana uyu akazochema zvikuru.
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 Chembere iyi yakazogara yoga upenyu hwose.
Zvekure
i) Chinoratidza kana kunongedza chinhu chiri kure chichioneka asi chisingabatiki
sokuti; Mombe dziri kufura apo ndedzangu.
Mumusha umu mune rugare.
ii) Chinoreva chinhu chiri kure zvekuti chinengechisingaonekwi kana kubatika asi
chichizivikanwa navanhu vari kutaurirana sokuti:
Gore rinouya iro ndichaenda kumusha.
Mangwana ayo tichirima munda negejo.
Chirevamwene
Izwi rinoburitsa muridzi wechinhu sokuti: rababa.
Maumbirwo
Chiwedzerwa chechirevamwene + -a- (vara rinoshanduka+ + dzitsi rechirevamwene.
r- +-a- + -baba → rababa
zv- + -a- + -vo → zvavo
tw- + -a -+ -ke → twake
NB: vana vanotarisirwa kuti vagone kuita kuti mazita avanenge vapiwa ave zvirevamwene
vachishandisa zvivakashure zvezvirevamwene zvakasiyana – siyana
sokuti; zai kezai, rezai, twezai, chezai.
Mabasa ezvirevamwene
a) Chinotaridza basa rechinhu sokuti; mari yebhazi.
b) Chinotaridza muridzi wechinhu sokuti: banga rababa.
c) Chinotaridza mhando yechinhu sokuti: mombe yekuronzera.
d) Chinotaridza zvakagadziriswa chinhu sokuti: denga reuswa.
e) Chinotaridza zviri mukati mechinhu sokuti; mudura menzungu.
f) Chinotaridza nzvimbo sokuti; kwaMurehwa.
g) Chinotaridza unhu / tsika sokuti: musikana wekuba.
h) Chinotaridza nguva sokuti: nguva yehondo , mvura yechirimo.

Chidudziramuiti / muitirwi
Chinodudzira muiti wechinhu.
Chinobatanidza mazita chichipa pfungwa yerupawo, izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti chive
chinoshanda sechipauro.
Sokuti: mwana wandakaona nezuro ndiMaidei.
Mukadzi akanaka anobatsira vamwe.
Murume akareba anoona zviri kure.
Maumbirwo
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 i) Chiratidzamuitirwi + chiratidzamuiti + chiratidzanguva + mudziwechiito +nzvovera
yekupedzisira.
Sokuti: wandakaona randakaverenga
wa- chiratidzamuitirwi ra- chiratidzamuitirwi
-nda- chiratidzamuiti -nda-chiratidzamuiti
-ka- chiratidzanguva -ka- chiratidzanguva
-on- mudzi wechiito -on- mudzi wechiito
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira -a nzvovera yekupedzisira.
ii) Chiratidzamuiti + chiratidzanguva + mudzi wechiito + nzvovera yekupedzisira
Sokuti: vanonetsa acharima
va- chiratidzamuiti a- chiratidzamuiti
-no- chiratidzanguva -cha- chiratidzanguva
-nets- mudzi wechiito -rim- mudzi wechiito
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira -a nzvovera yekupedzisira
Zvindori
Maumbirwo
Chiwedzerwa chechindori + dzitsi rechindori
Sokuti: ndi- + -baba → ndibaba
Zviwedzerwa madzitsi
/ ndi-/ anobatanidzwa ne : a) mazita emupanda 1a, 2a, 2b sokuti ndibaba.
b) zvisazitasingwi zvose sokuti: nditwo, ndihwo
/ i-/ + mazita emupanda 5,9 ne10
/i-/ + zvipauro nemmazita emupanda 5, 9 ne10
Sokuti: i-+-gomo, i- +-banga, i-+-gobvu, i-+-nhete
Hwidzazwi / H / + mazita ose anezvivakashure
+ zvipauro zvose zvine zvivakashure zvinoonekwa asi mazita emupanda 2a
ne2b haapindi.
/Ha- ̴ He- ̴ Ho-/ + zviratidzi zvose sokuti: hoyu
+ zvisarudzi zvine dzitsi /no-/ sokuti: Hezvino, havano.
/ nda- ̴ nde- ̴ ndo-/ + zvidudziramazita zvose.
Sokuti: i) zviverengo sk nde- rimwe

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 ii) zvisarudzi sk: nde- api
iii)zvirevamwene sk: nde- vake.
iv)zvirevauwandu sk: nda- vega.
v)chiratidzamuiti sk: nda- vasingaoni.
vi)zviratidzi sk: ndeiri.
Zviito (Verbs)

- Zviito manzwi anobuditsa pfungwa yekuita sokuti:

kusvetuka, kuba, kumhanya, kutora, batsiranai, tauriranai, usarambe.
- Kune mhando dzezviito dzakati wandei muChishona asi mhando dzose idzi dzakafanana
pakuumbwa kwadzo nekuti dzine mudzi.

Maumbirwo ezviito
Zvivakashure- + mudzi (vamwe vanyori vanouti dzitsi) + zvivakamberi
a) Zvivakiso zvose zvinoenda kuruboshwe rwemudzi zvinonzi zvikashure sokuti: va-cha-
b-a ku-end-a. Zvivakashure zviri pamusoro zvinenge zviri va-,cha-, naku-
b) Mudzi/dzitsi- vara kana mavara asingashanduki pakuumbwa kwechiito ichi kunyangwe
chiito chacho chikavandudzwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Mudzi chinhu chakakosha
kwazvo pakuumbwa kwechiito nokuti haushanduki uye unogona kubatanidzwa
nemamwe mavara akaita serebeso nezviratidza nguva nemuiti kubuditsa pfungwa
dzakasiyana dzechiito.
c) Zvivakiso zvinowanikwa kwekupedzisira kwedzitsi tinozviti zvivakamberi.
Zvinosanganisira rebeso dzezviito uyewo nzvowera yokupedzisira

Nzvovera

Kune mhando nhatu dzenzvovera dzezviito muChishona. Kunoti:

-e murove
-i haadi
-a vakaba

Mhando dzemidzi yezviito

1. Kune zviito zvizere zveChishona zvine midzi yevara rimwe chete kana mawara
akawanda paChirungu anonzi masimplex radicals. Mienzaniso:
kumhanya –mhany- kuba -b-
2. Kune zviito zvine midzi yakabva kune mamwe manzwi emutauro weChishona (derived)
sokuti:
kusvetuka -svetuk- nyaudzosingwi (svetu)
kupfimbika -pfimbik- zita (pfimbi)
kupofomara -pofomar- zita (bofu)
kupfupika -pfupik- chipauro(pfupi)
3. Kune zviito zviri muChishona zvakabva kune mimwewo mitauro kunyanya Chirungu
(adopted/borrowed verbs.

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 kuchipa -chip- cheap
kuvhota -vhot- vote
4. Midzi inogona kushandiswa yakapetwa kaviri sokuti:
kufambafamba -famb- famb-; kutambatamba -tamb-tamb-
5. Midzi inogona kuwedzerwa nerebeso dzakasiyanasiyana.
Kupatsanura Zviito

- Chiito chega chega chinogona kupatsanurwa tichibuditsa chidimbu chimwe nechimwe

chakachiumba.
- Zvidimbu izvi zvinonzi zvivakiso kana kuti zvivakazwi.
- Chivakazwi chimwe nechichimwe chinenge chiine basa rachinoita pachiito
chachinovanikwa.
- Pabvunzo dzeShona panogona kuuya mubvunzo unenge uchida kuti iwe upatsanure
chiito uchibuditsa zvivakazwi zvinenge zvakachiumba.
- Unofanira kupatsanura chiito chaunenge wapiwa mumubvunzo uyu uchidoma
chivakazwi chimwe nechimwe nezita racho.
- Tarisa mibvunzo iri pazasi yakapihwa semuenzaniso.
- Kunyangwe zvazvo mibvunzo yauchasangana nayo mibvunzo ichinge yakasiyana
nemienzaniso iri pazasi iyi, maumbirwo echiito chauchasangana nacho anenge asina
kunyanyosiyana nemienzaniso iyi.

Mienzaniso
Patsanura zviito zvinotevera uchibuditsa zvivakazwi zvakazviumba:
tiza handidyi vanotaurirana musabe tichavarovesa
vakarongonora rwaichekererwa tairambidzwa inodyika zvamutswa
Mhinduro
a) tiza
-tiz- mudzi wechiito/dzitsi rechiito
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira.
b) handidyi
ha- chivakashure cheranduro/chekuramba
-ndi- chiratidzamuiti
-dy- mudzi wechiito/dzitsi rechiito
-i nzvovera yeranduro (yekuramba) yekupedzisira.
c) vanotaurirana
va- chiratidzamuiti
-no- chiratidzanguva chezvinogaroitika
-taur- mudzi wechiito/dzitsi rechiito
-ir- rebeso yekuitira
-an- rebeso yekuitirana zvakafanana
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira.
d) musabe
mu- chiratidzamuiti
-sa- chivakashure cheranduro
-b- mudzi wechiito/ dzitsi rechiito
-e nzvowera yekupedzisira.
e) tichavarovesa
ti- chiratidzamuiti
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-cha- chiratidzanguva chezvichaitika
-va- chiratidzamuitirwi
-rov- mudzi wechiito/dzitsi rechiito
-es- rebeso yekonzero/sakiso
-a nzvovera yekupedzisira
Ona kuti -es- inogona kuita rebeso yekonzero kana kuti sakiso zvichienderana nekuti chirevo
chacho chashandiswa zvakaitwa sei. Rebeso yesakiso haigone kudzokororwa sokuti
tichavarovesesa inenge iri rebeso yenyanyiso yakadzokorodzwa kaviri.

Mubvunzo: Pedzisa kupatsanura zviito zvasara pamusoro apa. (20)

Zvivanduriro zvezviito
NB: Mwana umwe neumwe anotarisirwa kunge achiziva zita rerebeso / chivandiriro
nezvivanduriro zvacho.
1. Chekuitira -ir- -er-
2. Chekuitirwa -w- -ew- -iw-
3. Chekonzero -is- -es- -nz- -dz- -idz- -edz- -ts-
4. Chemherevedzo -irir- -erer-
5. Chenyanyiso -is- -es-
6. Chekuitirana -an-
7. Chekuitika -ik- -ek-
8. Chewadzano -an-
9. Chepfumvunuro -unur- -inur- -enur- -onor-
NB: Vana vanotarisirwa kugona kunyora zvirevo vachishandisa zvivanduriro zvinenge
zvapiwa.
Vana vanotarisirwa kugona kurebesa / kuvandurira chiito chinenge chapiwa nezvivanduriro
zvakasiyana – siyana.
Vana vanotarisirwa kurebesa chiito chinenge chapiwa nerebeso mbiri kana nhatu sokuti: -
tengerana (chekuitira + chekuitirana).
Zvidudzirazviito
Maumbirwo
Chiwedzerwa chechidudzirachiito + dzitsi rechidudzirachiito
Ne- + -penzura → nepenzura.
Ne- + -iwe → newe
Mabasa ezvidudzirazviito
1. Chombo chakashandiswa sokuti: Akanyora basa nepenzura..
2. Nguva sokuti: Akafa pachirimo.
3. Muiti wechinhu sokuti: Asungwa nemupurisa.
4. Wadzano / kuvapamwe sokuti : Ndinoda kudya newe.
5. Fanano sokuti: Anonzvenga senyenganyenga.
6. Nzvimbo sokuti: Vakaenda kwaZvimba.
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 7. Udzamu sokuti: Mwana achema ruviri.
8. Maitikiro sokuti: Mwana anosekerera kasingaperi.
NB: Mwana anotarisirwa kunyora zvirevo zvinenge zvine zvidudzirazviito zvinenge zvapiwa.
Mwana anotarisirwa kudoma mazita ezvidudzirazviito zvinenge zvakatarwa pasi pazvo.

Madonzo ezviito (mood)

1. Donzo renhevedzano sokuti: Tafamba rwendo tikazorora.
2. Donzo regoneko / rekwaniso sokuti: Tingaenda kumusha mangwana.
Akauya ndingafara zvikuru.
3. Donzo rekuita (rinoonekwa na ku- ) sokuti: Vana vari kutamba panze.
Baba vari kudya sadza.
4. Donzo rechishuwo( donzo iri rinoonekwa na kuti (before the mood)sokuti: Mude kuti
agofara.
5. Donzo rekurudziro (rinoonekwa nga- kwekutanga kwechiito sokuti; Ngatishandei
nesimba vasikana.
6. Donzo rekutuma( there is command in the voice) sokuti: Gara pasi Monika.
Garai pasi mose.
7. Donzo redudziramuiti sokuti: Vanorwara vaenda kuchipatara.
8. Donzo rezvanga zvichiitika panguva iyoyo sokuti; Mvura yanaya mai vachibika
sadza.
Vaimba pasvika mudzidzisi.
9. Donzo rekuudza sokuti: Akachema nezuro.
Baba vatenga nyama yembudzi.

Zviratidza nguva
NB: Vana vanotarisirwa kuziva zviratidza nguva zvakasiyana – siyana vachidoma mazita azvo.
/ -chi- / chezvanga zvichiitika sokuti: Ndavaona vachinyora bvunzo.
/-si- / (korekore) sokuti: Ndavaona vasinyora.
/ -a- / chezvabva kuitika
Zvinhu zvaitika zuva iroro kubva pakumuka asi zuva risati rapera, sokuti: Taenda kuchikoro.
Vabatwa masikati.
/-ka- / chezvakaitika sokuti: Vakaenda nebhazi nezuro.
Takaenda kuchikoro musi uyoyo.
/ -cha- / chezvichaitika sokuti: Vachaenda mangwana.
Tichaenda kuchikoro.
/ -o- /chezvavapedyo kuitika sokuti; Todya here?
Zvanga zvoda kumuomera.

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/ -ai- / chezvaigaroitika sokuti: Aivhima nembwa dzake.
Maifamba mitunhu mirefu.
/ -no- / chezvinogaroitika sokuti: Vanogara kumusha.
Vanoda nyama.

Maumbirwo emubvunzo
1. Kushandisa / here? / sokuti: Wamuona here?
Vadya here?
2. Kushandisa / -ngani- / sokuti: Vakauya rungani?
Muri vangani mumba menyu?
3. Kushandisa / -ani- / sokuti: Ndiwe ani?
Mwana waani iyeye?
4. Kushandisa / -ko- / sokuti: Makadiiko zvenyu?
Unodeiko muno?
5. Kushandisa /ko-/ sokuti: Ko makadii zvenyu?
Ko, madya ?
6. Kushandisa /-su / sokuti: Hauzivisu zvauri kuda?
Akauyasu?
7. Kushandisa /rinhi/ ; /rini/ sokuti: Makaenda rinhi?
Wakauya rini?
Makarima irini munda wenyu?
8. Kushandisa / -pi / sokuti: Wabvepi?
Vakamhanyirepi?
9. Kushandisa / -i / ; /-nyi / sokuti: Munodei pano?
Chii ichocho?
Chii chauri kubviroita?
10. Kushandisa / -sei / -ngei / -nei / nemhaka yei / sokuti: Sei uchidaro?
Nemhaka yei uchidaro?
11. Kushaandisa kani / kanhi / sokuti: Unopenga kanhi?
Haunzwe kani?
12. Hwidzazwi / H / sokuti: Makaenda mose?
Makaenda kumusha?

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 CHITSAUKO 7
MISAMBO YEKUTAURA

Misambo yekutaura chii?

Misambo yekutaura matauriro akakodzera pakati pemutauri nevateereri vake. Chiitiko

chimwe nechimwe chine matauriro akakodzera anofanirwa kuitwa pachiri. Kana takatadza
kushandisa musambo wakakodzera kutura mashoko edu, pfungwa dzatinenge tichida kuti
dzisvike dzinokanganisika. Saka budiriro yemusambo inouya kana takagona;

 Kucherechedza vanhu vatiri kuda kushandisira musambo watasarudza panguva iyoyo.

 Kucherechedza nzvimbo yatiri kushandisira musambo watasarudza.
 Kushandisa mazwi anopindirana nemusambo watiri kushandisa.
 Kushandisa izwi rinokodzera kuburitsa musambo wedu zvakanaka kumuteereri
sepakuvhevhana kana kutsamwa.
 Kushandisa muviri wedu zvakakodzera patinenge tichitaura kuti zvatinotaura
zvipindirane nekutaridzika kwouso kana miviri yedu.
 Kupfeka zvipfeko zvakakodzera. Musambo wechinyarikani haunyatsobudirira kana
takada kuuita tisina kupfeka zvakakodzera semuroora pana vatezvara.

Mhando dzemisambo yekutaura

Misambo inogona kuonekwa iri muzvikwata zvikuru zvinoti:

musambo wekusekedzana musambo wekushorana

musambo wekunyarana musambo wekubata maoko
musambo wekugunun’una musambo wepadare
musambo wekupopota musambo wekukakavadzana
musambo wekuganza musambo wekutuma
musambo wekudemba. musambo wepabasa
musambo wekukumbira

Misambo miviri inoti, wekusekedzana nemusambo wekunyarana ine mhandonyana

dzinotevera;

Musambo wekusekedzana Musambo wekunyarana

Musambo wekusekedzana Musambo wekunyarana pavana.
pachishamwari
Musambo wekusekedzana pachisahwira Musambo wekunyarana pavana
nevabereki.
Musambo wekusekedzana pachiramu Musambo wekunyarana pachinamato
Musambo wekusekedzana pachizukuru Musambo wekunyarana pachikuwasha
nevakarabwa
Musambo wekusekedzana pachipwere Musambo wekunyarana pachitorwa
Musambo wekusekedzana Musambo wekunyarana pachikurungai
pachivhevhano
Musambo wekunyarana pachiroora

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Mhandonyana dzemisambo idzi dzinosiyanisa hudzamu hwekusekedzana kana hudzamu
hwekunyarana zvichibva nekuti ndavanaani vari kushandisa musambo iwoyo sokuti; Musambo
wekusekedzana pachiramu unosiyana pahudzamu nemusambo wekusekedzana pachisahwira
kunyangwe misambo iyi iri yemhando imwe.
Hudzamu hwekusekedzana hwakasiyana-siyana huri pakati pevanhu vane ukama
hwekusekedzana uhu ndihwo hunoita kuti tive nemhandonyana idzi. Saka zvakakosha kuti
tizive mhandonyana dzemisambo miviri iyi nemisambo mukuru iri kubva nemhandonyana
imwe neimwe semapirwo adzichaitwa pazasi.
Musambo wekusekedzana
Musambo wekusekedzana paChiShamwari
Uyu musambo wakareruka kune vanoushandisa unowanzoshanda pakati peshamwari dzine
ukama hwekusekedzana kwakasununguka pakati padzo. Kusekedzana kwavo kuri munyaya
dzavanogona kutaura dzorudzi nerudzi pasina chinotyisa pakati pavo.
Kushandiswa kwemazwi mumusambo uyu kwakareruka. Shamwari mbiri idzi hadzinetseke
zvakanyanya pasarudzo yemazwi nekuti chishamwari chinovabvumira kutaura zvavanoda.
Vanogona zvavo kunemerana kana kutamba zvavo vachiita sovotukana kana kushorana pasina
anorwadzwa nazvo pakati pavo. Zvinonyadzisa kumimwe misambo hazvinyadzise
kumusambo uyu nekuti vane ushamwari mukusekedzana hunovatendera kutaura
zvakasununguka.
Hapana chinorema mumusambo uyu. Tinogona kana kutarisa shamwari dzedu mumaziso kana
kubatana maoko kana mapindikiti tichifamba tichitaura nyaya. Tinogona kuuya pedyo pedyo
neshamwari dzedu tichitaurirana munzeve nekurovana maoko. Mumusambo uyu vanhu
vanopfeka zvavanoda paushamwari hwavo.
Musambo wekusekedzana paChisahwira
Musambo uyu unobva paukama hweusahwira hunosunganidzwa nenyaya yekuvigana
kwemhuri mbiri. Mhuri inoviga vokwenyu kana kwaita rufu imhuri yemadzisahwira enyu.
Kana kwavo kwaitawo rufu munokokwa mopiwa zvirango zvousahwira nokuviga mufi.
Musambo wavo unovabvumira kutaura kana zvinyadzi kana kutuka madzisahwira avo
vachirova bembera pane zvinenge zviripo zvechokwadi. Vanogona kutotaura vachituka munhu
anenge achikonzera matambudziko mumhuri vachitaura mabasa ake pazere vanhu vachitamba
usahwira hwavo. Hapana anotsamwira sahwira zvokuzotadza kutaura naye zvakare nekuti
ndizvo zvinoumba musambo uyu.
Sahwira anotenderwa kana kubata huku mumusha pasina anotsamwiswa nazvo nekuti
ishamwari yedzinza rose. Anopiwa nyama yemombe inenge yaurairwa zvirango mumusha.
Panosiiwa hunda yasahwira iyo yaanotakura kumusha kwake. Hapana anofanirwa
kugunguzika nekuti kana zvava kwenyu zvirango zvousahwira munoitawo zvamunoda.
Madzisahwira anopfeka zvaanoda. Hapana chinoremera sahwira pazvipfeko. Kana pari parufu
pehama yenyu yaive pfambi, sahwira anogona kuuya akpfeka mapfekero aiita sahwira wake
mufi. Anogona kuridza mumhanzi otanga kutamba zvokuti kana pane vanyarikani vanotarisa
pasi. Vanhu vanozoguma vave kunakidzwa nazvo vombokanganwa nhamo inenge iripo.
Hapana munhu anogona kurambidza sahwira kuita zvaanoda.
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Musambo wekusekedzana paChiramu
Musambo wekusekedzana paChiramu unoshandiswa navanamainini navababamukuru kana
vanababamunini navanamaiguru vavo. Mumusambo uyu munotaurwa zvakasununguka
varamu vachifara. Vanogona kutaura vachinemerana zvavo kana kutamba vanababamukuru
vachishevedzana navanamainini sovadiwa vavo kana vanamaiguruwo vachidana
vanababamunini sevarume vavo. Nyaya dzokutadza kubika kana dzokutadza kusarudza
vasikana kwavanababamunini kana kunonoka kuroora kwavanababamunini kana dzokutadza
kuita zvakanaka dzinotaurwa pasina chinogumbura. Chokwadi ichi chinotaurwa
mukusekedzana uku varamu vachidzidzisana. Hadzisi nyaya dzinotsamwisa nekuti pane
kusekedzana kunovatendera kusvika padanho iroro. Vanotenderwawo zvavo kubatana kana
maoko asi paine cherechedzo yekuita kusingazokanganisa muridzi wemukadzi kana muridzi
wemurume. Zvinopfekwa zvinofanirwawo kuve kucherechedza kuti vanenge vachitambwa
navo chisekedzani ichi varume kana kuti vakadzi vevanhu.
Musambo wekusekedzana paChizukuru
Musambo uyu unoshandiswa pakati pemadzimbuya vanasekuru nevazukuru vavo. Vanatetewo
vanosekedzana pachizukuru nevana vehanzvadzi dzavo. Kusekedzana kwemhando iyi
kwakarerukira kuti kune donzvo rekuraira vazukuru kuti vagone kuzoita hupenyu hwakanaka
vaine hunhu husingazoshoresa vanatete naivo vanasekuru navanaambuya. Mukmusambo uyu,
vazukuru vakasununguka kutaura zvavanoda kumadzimbuya avo ivowo vachitaurawo navo
vazukuru vachitamba zvavo navo. Panogona kushoranwa kana kusekanwa asi donzvo riri
rokudzidzisa vazukuru hupenyu. Vazukuru vanofanirwa kuyeuka kuti vanogona kushandisa
musambo uyu une kusekedzana zvawo asi vasingakanganwe kuti vavanotamba navo musambo
uyu vanhu vakuru kwavari vanodawo kuremekedzwa. Musambo uyu unotendera kupfeka
zvakasununguka asi zvinotaridza kuti vazukuru vane zvavari kudzidza zvounhu hwakanaka
kumadzisekuru nemadzimbuya avo.
Musambo wekusekedzana paChipwere
Uyu musambo unoshandiswa nevana vadiki pakati pavo kana pakati pevadiki nevakuru. Kana
vadiki vatinetsa tinovashandisira musambo uyu kuti vanyarare. Umu munowanikwa kurezva
kana kunyengedzwa kwepwere dzatinonyaradza nezviwitsi zvisipo zvakatodyiwa kare. Idzo
pwere pachezvadzo dzakasununguka kutaura zvadzinoda asi kunetsana hakusi kwenhamo
nekuti zvido zvadzo zvinongoshanduka-shanduka zvichienderana nenguva.
Musambo wekusekedzana paChivhevhano
Musambo uyu unowanzoshanda panyaya dzorudo. Patinotaurirana zvokudanana nevadiwa
vedu panoshanda musambo uyu. Panoshandiswa musambo uyu pane ushamwari hwakakomba
chose kana kuti panenge paine hurongwa hwoukama hwakadaro.
Kana pakaita rudo pakati pomukomana nemusikana unovaona nematauriro avo nekufadzana
dzimwe dzenguva nemanyepo. Unogona kunzwa vachikwidzana ndege dzemashanga
zvichinzi, ‘Ukandida ndichakutora ndoenda newe kunyika iri kure tonogara ikoko tichifara
zvedu.’ Kana riri izwi rinopfaviswa muchisekedzani chechivhevhano mazwi
achinyatsosarudzwa anotapira anoita kuti masaisai erudo afambe pakati pevari mumusambo
uyu.

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Maitiro avo azere nekuyemerana, kuita sekunge pane kakunyara-nyara. Vanogona kufamba
vakabatana zvavo maoko mapindikiti kana kufamba vakabatana muzviuno. Ava vanogona
kutarisana zvavo mumaziso kana kunyemwererana zvechivhevhano.
Panoitwa sarudzo yezvipfeko inonyatsogara munhu zvokuti anobva anokwanisa kutora mwoyo
yevaangade chivhevhano navo. Haungopfeke zvose zvose nekuti vaunenge wakatarisira kuti
vatosvorwe mwoyo newe vanogona kusazokutarisa nekuti unenge usingatore mwoyo.
Musambo wekunyarana
Musambo wekunyarana pavana
Musambo uyu unowanikwa pakati pevana voga sehanzvadzi nehanzvadzi kana pakati
pemukoma nemunin’ina.
Kunyarana kwavo kwakareruka zvokuti kunonovatendera kufara vachitaura vose. Kana vari
vakomana voga kana vasikana voga vanogona kurerukirwa zvakanyanya asi paine cherechedzo
yekuti vana vemhuri imwe asi umwe ari mukuru.
Kana vava hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi pane kunyarana kwakareruka zvishoma pane kwemukoma
nemunin’ina. Musambo umwe chete unoshanda asi une udzamu hunosiyana nekuti vana vapi
vari kushandisa musambo uyu.
Maitiro avo nemiviri yavo anofanirwawo kucherechedza chinyarikani chiri pakati pavo.
Mapfekero evanhu ava mumusambo uyu akareruka asi anofanirwa kuve akatsiga
zvinopindirana netsika nemagariro epamusha.
Musambo wekunyarana pavana nevabereki
Kana takangotaura sematauriro atinoita neshamwari dzedu nevabereki vedu panova
nekusawirirana. Musambo unoshanda pakati pevana nevabereki une ruremekedzo rwakadzama
kukunda rwematauriro evabereki kuvana vavo.
Mapfekero evaanhu ava anofanirwa kucherechedza kuremekedzana nekunyarana uku. Vana
vanofanirwa kupfeka zvakatsiga pane vabereki vavo zvisingavakanganise meso. Zvipfeko
zvinongwerevera nezvinosiya miviri pachena hazvikodzere pane vabereki. Vaberekiwo
havatarisirwe kupfeka zvisina kukodzera pane vana vavo.
Musambo wekunyarana pachinamato
Uyu musambo wekunyarana watinoshandisa muzvinamato zvedu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Muzvinamato muzere vatorwa avo vanofanirwa kuve nekunyarana kwakasangana
nekukudzana pakati pevanamati kuti chinamato chigone kubudirira. Munamati anofanirwa
kunyara vamwe vanamati kuti pasave nezvinokanganisa chinamato. Kana pakasava
nekunyarana pakati pevanamati, kutevedza zvitendo zvechinamati kunonetsa nekuti vanhu
vanenge vasina chinovamisa kuita zvavanoda izvo zvinozokanganisa chinamato.
Chinamato chine mapfekero anotarisirwa kuti kunyarana kurambe kuripo. Vanhu vanofanirwa
kupfeka zvinoita kuti pakati pavo parambe paine ruremekedzo rwemitemo inosunga
chinamato. Mune zvimwe zvinamato vanhu vanofanirwa kugara vakapfeka zvirefu zvinovhara
miviri yavo kuti vanhu vasaone zvinozovakanganisa chinamato chavo. Kana kuri kugara

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pagungano rechinamato vamwe vanamati vanogara vakapatsurana vakadzi kwavo varume
kwavo kusimbaradza musambo wekunyana pachinamato.
Musambo wekunyarana pavakuwasha nevakarabwa
Uyu musambo unoshandiswa pakati pevakuwasha nevabereki vomudzimai. Chinyarikani
mumusambo uyu chinosiyana zvichibva nekuti ndiambuya here kana kuti nditezvara
vaanotaura navo.
Chinyarikani chakanyanya pakati pemukuwasha naambuya vake kupfuura pakati
pemukuwasha natezvara. Ambuya havatariswe kumeso kana kubatwa maoko. Kana kuri
kukwazisana, vanokwazisana vari parefu neparefu vachiuchirana kusimbaradza ruremekedzo
rwuri pakati pavo. Havagari muimba imwechete kana kusvika pedyo nepedyo.
Kana zviri zvipfeko, vanopfeka zvakatsiga. Ambuya vanotarisirwa kupfeka zvakatsiga
zvisingatosvore maziso emukuwasha. Iye mukuwasha anofanirwa kupfekawo zvakatsiga pana
ambuya vake zvinotaridza kuti anovaremekedza.
Musambo wekunyarana paChitorwa
Tinotaura nevanhu vakawanda chose zuva nezuva. Vanhu ava vanogona kunge vari vatinoziva
asi tisina ukama navo, tichivaziva nokuda kwebasa kana zvimwewo zvingasanganisa vanhu.
Vatorwa vanogona kuve vanhu vatisingazive zvachose vatinenge tangosanganawo navo
panguva iyoyo. Ava tinotaura navo nemusambo wechitorwa une kunyarana mukati. Kunyarana
kuri apa kuzere ruremekedzo rwatinofanirwa kupanana tichicherechedza kusazivana kwedu
zvisinei kuti munhu akaita sei.
Musambo uyu haunyanye kutarisa mapfekero evanhu vari mumusambo uyu asiwo mapfekero
edu kazhinji anofanirwa kuve mapfekero asingakahadzise vatorwa zvokuti vanoenda
vachitaura nezvako.
Musambo wekunyarana paChikurungai
Musambo uyu unoshandiswa pakati pevabereki vevana vakaroorana. Ava vane hukama hwavo
hunobva mumatauriro avo hune kunyarana kwakawandira mukukudzana kwevabereki vane
vana vari muwanano. Ava vanoedza kuve nemaitiro anoita kuti vamwe vavo vasasare vaine
kushamisika nemaitiro avo.
Vanogona kutaura zvakasununguka asi paine kunyarana kwakasangana nekukudzana ikoko.
Zvinotarisirwa kupfekwa zvinofanirwa kuva zvisingashorese muroorwi kwaakaroorwa kana
muroori kwatezvara vake.
Musambo wekunyarana paChiroora
Uyu musambo unoshanda pakati pevaroora nevabereki vemurume nehama dzavo.
Mumusambo uyu mune kuzvininipisa zvikuru kwevaroora kuti vagonzi vakarairwa kana kuti
vane unhu. Varoora vanozvityora nguva dzose kana vachitaura nehama dzevarume vavo
kunyanya vanatezvara navamwene vavo. Havafanirwe kungotaura vasina kucherechedza
zvavanenge vachitaura nekuti zvinoshoresa ivo sevaroora uyewo kwavakabva. Kunyangwe
vangade kudzinga imbwa chaiyo yepamusha, muroora anofanirwa kushandisa mazwi
asingakanganise varidzi vemusha.

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Mapfekero avo anofanirwa kutaridza kuti vakaroorwa uyewo kuti vari pamusha pevanyarikani.
Zvipfeko zvavanopfeka zvinofanirwa kuve zvirefu zvinofukidza muviri wose. Vanotogona
kumonera mucheka unotsvaira pasi unozivikanwa nokuti zambiya, mumusoro vakasunga
dhuku.
Muroora haatarise vatezvara kumeso kana kusvika pedyo navo. Anofanirwa kutaridza
kuvanyara nekufambira kure navo kana kugara kure navo. Kana muroora achikwazisana
navatezvara kana vamwene anofanirwa kutyora muzura kana kupfunda tsiva kutaridza kuti
anozvininipisa mumusha wevaridzi uyu. Kana kuri kugara muroora anogara akapfunya chisero.
Kana ave kupa vatezvara zvokudya anopfugama pasi. Kana ave kutaura navatezvara, muroora
anofanirwa kutaura akatarisa pasi kwete kutarisa vatezvara.
Musambo wekugunun’una
Musambo uyu musambo unoshandiswa patinoratidza nemazwi kuti zvataitirwa hazvina
kutifadza kana kuti kana takanganisirwa. Ukama hwatinahwo nevanhu vatinenge
tichigunun’unira ndihwo hunoita kuti tisiyanise mhando yemazwi ekugunu’una atinoshandisa.
Kana iri shamwari yangu, ndinogona kugunun’una nemazwi akareruka muushamwari hwedu
asi anotaridza pachena kuti zvakaitika hazvina kundifadza. Kana pari pabasa, ndinogona
kugunun’unira vakuru vebasa nemazwi ane remekedzo asi achitaridza pachena kuti handina
kufara pane zvakaitika.
Mapfekero edu kana tichigunun’una ngaaenderane neukama hwatinahwo nemunhu watiri
kugunun’unira. Kana tichigunun’una uso hwedu hunofanirwa kutaridza kudzama
kwekugunun’una kwedu kuti muteereri anzwe nekuona kudzama kwezviri kugunun’unwa.
Kana paine zvawakaitirwa zvisina kukufadza unogona kutaura uchiti;
‘Ndine urombo nezvakaitika asi ini handina kufara nezvakaitika…’
Basa
- Ronganai mumapoka madiki muite mutambo uno muchashandisa mutauro
wakakodzera kutaridza kuti chiitiko chakaitika mumwe haana kufara nacho. Fungai
chiitiko chamungade kutaura nezvacho mumutambo wenyu.
Musambo wekupopota
Musambo uyu tinoushandisa kana tichida kuita ruzha pamusoro pekutadzirwa kwedu tiine
chinangwa chokutyisa muteereri angave nechekuita nenyaya iripo. Mumusambo uyu
munotaurwa nezwi riri pamusoro zvikuru zvokuti vanhu vasineyi nenyaya iyi vanobva vaziva
nyaya yose iripo kunyangwe iri nyaya isingaite. Vanoshandisa musambo uyu munotorwa
mazwi anopindirana nekusimba kwebopoto rinenge riripo. Kana rakanyanyisa kudzama mazwi
anoshandapo ndeekurwadzisana chete. Musambo uyu unoonekwa nekuvhiza maoko
kunongedzera kana kunongedzerana kana kufinyamisa uso.
Musambo wekuganza
Uyu musambo wekutaridza kuti iwe ndiwe munhu akaoma pane vamwe vose. Musambo uyu
tinoushandisa kana tichida kuzviisa padanho repamusoro-soro. Izvi tinozviita tichishandisa
mazwi nekuita kunotaridza izvi.

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Vanoshandisa musambo uyu vanogona kutotsvaga zvipfeko zvinotaridza kuti vari pamusoro
pevamwe vose zvechokwadi. Musambo uyu unoonekwawo nekufambisa muviri kune kuzvida
nekuzvikudza mukati.
Musambo wekudemba
Musambo wekudemba unoshanda kana pava nedambudziko kana kuchema. Mutauri anenge
achitaura achichema ngwavaira kana tsaona inenge yasanganwa nayo. Anodemba anotaura
nezwi rine kunzwisa tsitsi mukati, munhu achiita kunge ari kuda kuchema kana kutotaura
achichema nhamo inenge yamuwira.
Musambo wekushorana.
Musambo wekushorana musambo wekutarisirana pasi. Mumusambo uyu vanhu vanotsvaka
mazwi nekuita kunotaridza kuti kuita nekufunga kwemumwe kwakashoreka. Muviri
unofambiswa zvokusvora ari kutaurwa naye. Munhu agona kunongedza munhu neruoko
achiruzunza zvokushora ari kutaurwa naye.
Musambo wekukakavadzana
Uyu musambo unoshandiswa kana paita kusawirirana pakati pevanhu. Kana vanhu
vachikakavadzana vanogona kuonekwa nekukwidzirana mazwi, kuzunza maoko,
kunongedzerana kusvipirana kumeso kana kufinyamisa kumeso. Panoitwa sarudzo yemazwi
ekukakavara zvinoenderana neudzamu hwemakakatanwa anenge aripo. Vamwe vanorova
zvinhu zvinenge zviri pedyo navo kutaridza kuti pane makakatanwa ari pakati pavo.
Musambo wekubata maoko
Kana kwafiwa tinoenda kunobata maoko. Kubata maoko kunyaradzana nevafirwa. Parufu
panoshandiswa musambo wekubata maoko. Mumusambo uyu vanhu vane mazwi avanotaura
anotaridza kuti vari kubata maoko. Vanewo zvinhu zvavanogona kuita zvinozadzisa musambo
wekubata maoko.
Tinobata maoko sei
Kana takasvika pafiwa tinokwazisa vashaikirwa nevose vanenge vauya kuzokuta hama
dzomufi. Tinotaura navo kana tavakwazisa tichiratidza kubatikana kusuwiswa kwedu
nechiitiko cherufu ichi tichiti;
‘Tine urombo nekushaikirwa nehama’, Kana
‘Nenhamo dzatiwira.’ Kana
‘Nedzoi nedzekuparadzika’
Mashoko aya kana mamwewo zvichienderana nekwatinobva anogona kuteverwa nehurukuro
yekunyaradza vafirwa.
Pakubata maoko tinofanirwawo kuita zvinotaridza kuti tiri kurwadziwa nechiitiko ichi zvinoita
kuti kubata maoko kuzadziswe. Tinogona kuratidza kuti zvaitika izvi zvatirwadzawo nekutaura
mazwi ekurwadziwa kana kumbochema zvisinei kuti unoda kuchema here kana kuti kwete
nekuzunza musoro kana kubatanidza maoko kana kurova maoko uye tichitaridza kusiririswa
pauso hwedu pakutaura nehama dzemufi kana mamwewo maitiro anoratidza kurwadziwa
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zvikuru nezvaitika izvi. Tinogonawo kuita mabasa eparufu anosanganisira kunochera guva
remushakabvu nezvimwewo.
Zvipfeko zvinofanirwa kupindirana nechiitiko ichi. Vamwe vanobva vapfeka zvipfeko
zveruvara rutema runoratidza kusuwiswa nechiitiko ichi. Madzimai anopfeka zvipfeko zvirefu
vakamonera micheka yemazambiya nemadhuku.
Basa
- Ronganai mumapoka mugadzire mitambo midiki umo muchashandisa musambo
wakakodzera kubata maoko.
Musambo weKukumbira
Uyu musambo watinoshandisa kana tiine zvatinoda kuti tiwane kubva kune mumwe munhu.
Tinogona kukumbira kubatsirwa kana kukumbira mari kana kukumbira kuti tipiwe chose chose
chatingade. Munhu anokumbira anofanirwa kuzvirereka oenda pasi petsoka dzemunhu waari
kukumbira kuti zvaari kuda zvimufambire. Kuzvininipisa kwacho kunogona kusiyana zvako
hudzamu hwako nekuti munhu ari kutaurwa naye ndiyani panguva iyoyo.
Kana kuri kukumbira ruregerero taona kuti takanganganisa tinofanirwa kugona kuona kutadza
kwedu tokumbira ruregerero tichindisa musambo wekukumbira uyu. Uyu musambo une
kuzvirereka mukati zvokuti zvinova pachena kune atadzirwa kuti munhu anzwisisa kutadza
kwake.
Mienzaniso yekukumbira ruregerero;
‘Ndine urombo nezvandakaita…ndinokumbirawo kuregererwa kutadza kwangu..’
‘Shamwari ndakagara pasi ndakaongorora zvandakataura ndakaona kuti zvakaipa chose.
Ndizere nyadzi nhasi uno ndichikumbirawo kuti undiregererewo. Handichazozviiti zvakare..’
Basa
- Ngatironganei mumapoka tiumbe mitambo yakasiyana-siyana umo tichataridza
mashandiro emusambo wekukumbira uyu. Mitambo yedu ngaibve muzviitiko
zvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu.
Musambo wePadare
Padare panoshandiswa musambo wepadare uyu. Mumusambo wepadare tinofanirwa
kuzvininipisa pavanhu vari padare tichivaratidza kuti tiri pasi petsoka dzedare rinenge
richititonga. Kana tichida kupa pfungwa dzedu padare tinotaura kuburikidza nemukuru anenge
aripo zvichienderana nekuti idare rakaita sei. Panogona kuva namambo kana riri dare redunhu
rose, kana kuti rinogona kuva dare diki remusha rina sachigaro kana sabhuku. Kana ari matare
enyika kune mamajisitiriti, majaji nevamwewo vatongi vakuru. Ava vakuru vanofanirwa
kuremekedzwa chose mumusambo uyu kunyangwe ivo vakuru vedare hasingatikudze nekuti
tinenge tiri pasi peutongi hwavo. Kana tiri padare hatingotaura tisina kupiwa mukana kana
kutaura ivo kana vachitaura. Unofanirwa kutaridza kuti unoremekedza dare nekuita
kusingashore dare. Ukashandisa musambo usiriwo padare kana kuita zvisingadiwe padare
sokudaira nharembozha yako, kutaurawo zvako neumwe munhu mudare, kudya zvako mudare

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kana kuuya wakapfeka nguwo dzisina hunhu unonzi watarisira dare pasi. Izvi zvine mutongo
wazvo zvoga zvichienderana nedare racho.
Kana tichitaura padare tinotanga nekukudza vadare sokuti;
‘Pamusoroi changamire, munyori, makurukota, nemi mose makateerera….’
Kana,
‘Pamusoroi sachigaro, munyori nemi mose matikuta….ini ndasimuka kuti….’ Izvi
zvinotaurwa tichiuchira maoko kana ari matare echivanhu. Hatuchire zvedu kana tirikumatare
enyika asi mazwi ari pamusoro ekukudza vadare anofanirwa kutaurwa kuti musambo wedare
ubudirire.
Musambo wekutuma
Uyu musambo tinoushandisa kana tichida kuti munhu aite zvatinenge tichida. Unoshandiswa
paya patinenge tisingatarisire mhinduro asi kuti patinotarisira kuti munhu aite zvatinenge
tataura. Musambo uyu unoshanda nemazwi ekutuma. Izwi racho rinofanirwa kuratidza kuti
zviri kutaurwa zvinofanirwa kuitwa sokuti;
Kana tichituma munhu mudiki kana watisingaremekedzi kana mumwe chete tinogona kuti;
Famba nekukurumidza. kana tava kutumawo vanoremekedzwa kana vakawanda tinoti; fambai
nekukurumidza.
Musambo wepabasa
Uyu musambo watinoshandisa kana pane zvebasa zviripo. Musambo uyu unofanirwa kunge
uzere rukudzo pakati pevakuru vebasa nevanotsvaka basa kana vashandi. Zvipfeko
mumusambo uyu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakatsiga zviri zvipfeko zvinokodzera kutsvaka basa
nazvo kana zvinokodzera pabasa riri kushandwa.
Basa
- Itai mitambo yakasiyana-siyana pane zviri pazasi muchashandisa misambo
yakakodzera.
i) Munyayi ari kuramba mukadzi.
ii) Mukomana ari kuda musikana.
iii) Mwana ari kuda kutenga muchitoro chako.
iv) Kubata maoko pafiwa.
Kupindura Mibvunzo
1. Tsanangura kuti musambo wekutaura chii.
2. Ndeipi misambo inoshandiswa kana tichitaura mune zvinotevera.
a) Kana uchida kugara pachigaro chakagarwa nemumwe.
b) Kukumbira kushandisa chinhu chisi chako.
c) Kana uchida musikana
d) Parufu

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 e) Kana uchida kusiya chidzidzo uchienda kuchimbuzi.
f) Kana uchipa nhoroondo yezvakaitika padare.
g) Kana uchitaura uchitarisira zvaurwa neumwe pasi.
h) Kana ukataura uchizviisa padanho repamusoro-soro.
3. Nyora hurukuro diki inoburitsa vanhu vari kushandisa musambo wekusekedzana
pachizukuru. (4)
4. Doma zvinhu zviga zvitanhatu zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti musambo uri
kushandiswa unzi wabudirira. [6]
5. Kugona kushandisa musambo wakakodzera kwakakosherei. (4)

DURA/ JERERO
1. Bumbiro Rechidzidzo CheChiShona Renyika (2017-2022), ZIMSEC, Harare

2. Dzoma , G.(2015) Free Zimsec Shona Notes. ZIMSEC. Harare (online).

3. Hwiridza, C.D.S na Makumbe, S. (2011) Ngatizivei mutauro. Litho Imaging Systems

Pvt. Harare.

4. Madzingira, S. ‘O` level Shona Study Pack.

5. Magwa, W (1998) Manyorerwo eChiShona.

6. Mubatanidzwa Wemakombuyuta- Dandemutande rekufambisa mashoko neruzivo.

7. Munjanja, A. (1996) Tsumo naMadimikira. Longman. Harare.

8. R.G. Sisimayi, R.G., Takawira, I.K. naMasocha, W.N. (2002) Jekesa Pfungwa 2
Shona Revision Guide. Longman. Harare.

9. Tsodzo. T.K. (2011) Rurimi Rwaamai Bhuku 3. College Press. Harare.

10. Viriri, L. naLeemon, L.(2010) Ngatidzidzei Zvirungamutauro. Harare.

…Magumo…

[email protected] 0775777982 46 | P a g e