1

Contents
HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU ........................................................................................... 4
TOPIC 1: EDUCATION ............................................................................................................. 5
Practice questions.................................................................................................................... 5
Main points ............................................................................................................................. 6
TOPIC 2: WORK ......................................................................................................................11
Practice questions...................................................................................................................11
Main points ............................................................................................................................12
TOPIC 3: HEALTH ..................................................................................................................16
Practice questions...................................................................................................................16
Main points ............................................................................................................................17
TOPIC 4: ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................................22
Practice questions...................................................................................................................22
Main points ............................................................................................................................23
TOPIC 5: BUSINESS.................................................................................................................28
Practice questions...................................................................................................................28
Main points ............................................................................................................................29
TOPIC 6: ENTERTAINMENT ..................................................................................................34
Practice questions...................................................................................................................34
Main points ............................................................................................................................35
TOPIC 7: SPORTS ....................................................................................................................40
Practice questions...................................................................................................................40
Main points ............................................................................................................................41
TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE .............................................................................................................46
Practice questions...................................................................................................................46
Main points ............................................................................................................................47
TOPIC 9: TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................50
Practice questions...................................................................................................................50
Main points ............................................................................................................................51
TOPIC 10: SOCIAL ISSUES .....................................................................................................53
Practice questions...................................................................................................................53
Main points ............................................................................................................................54
TOPIC 11: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS .......................................................................................59

2
Practice questions...................................................................................................................59
Main points ............................................................................................................................60

3
 HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU

Tài liệu này sẽ hỗ trợ các bạn lên ý tưởng cho gần 60 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác
nhau, với các đề được chia thành 11 Topics. Trong 11 Topics này sẽ có 10 Topics theo chủ
đề dự đoán sẽ được ra trong bài thi Writing Task 2 trong Quý III 2023, và 01 topic cuối
cùng tổng hợp các “Difficult questions”.

Trong mỗi Topic sẽ có 02 phần, với các thông tin cụ thể như sau:
Phần 1: Practice Questions
Phần này sẽ bao gồm một danh sách từ 4 tới 7 đề bài IELTS Writing Task 2 khác nhau liên
quan tới Topic bạn chọn. Các bạn có thể bắt đầu bằng việc đọc danh sách này để chọn đề
mình muốn xem và chuyển qua phần 2 nhé.
Phần 2: Main Points
Phần thứ hai này sẽ bao gồm các đề bài cụ thể, đi kèm với danh sách ý tưởng hỗ trợ, và
cuối cùng là danh sách Reference để các bạn tham khảo.

Cách học:
Bước 1:
Các bạn sử dụng mục lục để lựa chọn Topic mà mình muốn xem trong tổng cộng 11 topic.
Bước 2:
Các bạn lựa chọn đề bài mình muốn xem trong Topic đó bằng cách đọc danh sách đề trong
phần “Practice Questions”.
Bước 3:
Các bạn sang trang tiếp theo để tham khảo danh sách ý tưởng cho mỗi đề. Các ý tưởng này
đã được chia làm các hướng khác nhau để giúp các bạn dễ dàng trả lời câu hỏi của đề.
Bước 4:
Các bạn click vào các đường link trong phần Reference để đọc tài liệu tham khảo. Các tài
liệu này đều liên quan trực tiếp tới ý tưởng nêu trong danh sách, vậy nên các bạn hãy đọc
kỹ để hiểu rõ hơn ý tưởng và cách triển khai, đồng thời học thêm các từ vựng và cấu trúc
hay.
*Trong trường hợp các bạn không truy cập được vào Link Reference, các bạn hãy thử đổi
phần mềm khác để mở tài liệu như Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge...

Sau khi thực hiện các bước trên, các bạn sẽ hình thành được quan điểm của bản thân về
vấn đề của đề bài, và cũng sẽ nắm được các ý tưởng cụ thể để triển khai trong bài viết. Kết
hợp với các từ vựng học thuật các bạn học được, các bạn có thể bắt tay vào viết bài ngay
cho nóng nhé.

4
 TOPIC 1: EDUCATION

Practice questions
1. Question: Some people think that children should begin their education at a very
early age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
2. Question: Some people think that sending criminals to prison is not effective.
Education and job training should be used instead.
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: Students should be taught academic knowledge so that they can pass
exams, and skills such as cooking or dressing should not be taught.
To what extent do you agree/disagree?
4. Question: Some people think movies should only be for entertainment. Others think
that they should also have educational values.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Question: The best way to ensure the growth of children is to make parents take
parenting courses.
Do you agree or disagree?
6. Question: For centuries, important parts of education have remained such as
reading, writing and Math. With the advent of computers, some people think that
computer skills will be made fourth on the list.
To what extent do you agree?

5
 Main points
Question 1: Some people think that children should begin their education at a very early
age. Some think they should begin at least 7 years old.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The reasons why children should begin The reasons why children should begin
their education at a very early age their education at least 7 years old

• Early education can stimulate a • Delaying formal education until

child's cognitive development. around age 7 allows children to
• Preschool and early education begin their academic journey when
settings provide opportunities for they are developmentally more
children to develop soft skills. prepared.
• Early childhood education can help • Starting formal education at a later
children become more prepared for age can potentially reduce stress
formal schooling. and anxiety for both children and
their families.
• Delaying formal education allows
children to enjoy a more extended
period of childhood.

Reference:
• Benefits of Early Childhood Education: A Comprehensive Exploration
• How soft skills are taught in early learning services
• Early Childhood Training: A Foundation for Lifelong Success
• Better Late than Early
• School Readiness: What is the right age for your child?
• Delaying formal education allows children to enjoy a more extended period of
childhood.

Question 2: Some people think that sending criminals to prison is not effective.
Education and job training should be used instead.
Do you agree or disagree?

6
 Sending criminals to prison is still Education and job training should be
effective used instead

• The threat of imprisonment is • Providing education and vocational

meant to serve as a deterrent to training to inmates can significantly
potential offenders. reduce the likelihood of
• Incarceration removes dangerous reoffending.
individuals from the community, • Education and job training can
reducing the immediate threat they address the underlying factors that
pose to public safety. contribute to criminal behavior.

Reference:
• Five Things About Deterrence
• The Crime Prevention Effects of Incarceration
• Education and Vocational Training in Prisons Reduces Recidivism, Improves
Job Outlook
• Education and Crime

Question 3: Students should be taught academic knowledge so that they can pass exams,
and skills such as cooking or dressing should not be taught.
To what extent do you agree/disagree?

The reasons why students should be The reasons why skills such as cooking
taught academic knowledge or dressing should be taught

• Many academic subjects have • Learning how to cook and dress

direct practical applications in oneself fosters self-sufficiency.
everyday life. • Cooking skills can have a positive
• Academic knowledge instills a love impact on their overall health.
for learning and the ability to • Proficiency in cooking can open up
pursue further education throughout opportunities for employment in the
one's life. food industry.
• A solid academic background
opens doors to a wide range of
career opportunities.

Reference:

7
 The reasons why students should be The reasons why skills such as cooking
taught academic knowledge or dressing should be taught

• Science practical work and its impact on its impact on students’ science
achievement
• Benefits of Education Are Societal and Personal
• Building Self-help Skills through Cooking
• Learning cooking skills at different ages: a cross-sectional study
• Cooking Skills: Examples and Tips on How to Improve Them

Question 4: Some people think movies should only be for entertainment. Others think
that they should also have educational values.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The reasons why movies should only be The reasons why movies should also
for entertainment have educational values

• Entertainment-focused movies • Movies with educational value can

provide an escape from the expose viewers to different
challenges and stress of daily life. cultures.
• Even within the realm of • Educational films can inspire and
entertainment, movies can be a motivate individuals to explore new
form of creative expression for knowledge.
filmmakers. • Educational movies often address
• The film and entertainment industry social issues, raising awareness
generates substantial revenue and about important topics.
employment.

Reference:
• How we can use film to create social change
• How Movies Can Help Children Find Meaning in Life
• 10 reasons for teaching culture through film
• How Watching Movies Can Benefit Our Mental Health
• Are Films Only For Entertainment?

8
Question 5: The best way to ensure the growth of children is to make parents take
parenting courses.
Do you agree or disagree?

Making parents take parenting courses Other factors can also guarantee the
can ensure the growth of children development of children

• Parenting courses provide parents • Living in a safe and supportive

with essential skills and knowledge community contributes to children's
about child development. development.
• Parenting courses emphasize • Schools help children acquire
positive discipline methods, which knowledge and skills that are
focus on teaching and guiding foundational for future academic
rather than punishing. and career success.
• These courses can connect parents
with valuable community resources
and support networks, creating a
safety net for families.

Reference:
• The benefits of parenting education
• Practicing Positive Discipline Techniques for Happier Kids
• Community connections for children: family, friends, neighbours and local
organisations

Question 6: For centuries, important parts of education have remained such as reading,
writing and Math. With the advent of computers, some people think that computer skills
will be made fourth on the list.
To what extent do you agree?

9
The reasons why computer skills should The reasons why with the advent of
not be taught as a core subject computers, computer skills should be
taught

• Diverting resources to computer • Teaching computer skills helps

skills education may be costly. prepare individuals for career
• An overemphasis on computer opportunities.
skills could lead to excessive • Proficiency in computer skills is
dependence on technology for basic essential for accessing humankind
tasks. knowledge.
• Teaching computer skills as a core
subject could potentially divert time
and resources from fundamental
subjects.

Reference:
• Applying new technologies and cost-effective delivery systems in basic education
• As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of
humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate?
• What Are Computer Skills and Their Importance For Your Career in 2023?
• The Intellectual Framework of Fluency with Information Technology

10
 TOPIC 2: WORK

Practice questions
1. Question: Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient
interpersonal skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team.
What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions?
2. Question: The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on
having the same job or the same working conditions for life.
Why is it the case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare people to work in the
future?
3. Question: In most successful companies, some people think that communication
between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that
other factors are more important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: Some people want to be able to contact their staff at all times, even on
holidays.
Does this development have more advantages than disadvantages?
5. Question: More and more people are now moving away from an agricultural
background to cities for work.
What will be the consequences of this? What solution can you offer?
6. Question: Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their
lives.
What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome?

11
 Main points
Question 1: Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient interpersonal
skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team.
What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions?
Causes Solutions

• Inexperienced workers may not • These companies should organize

have had the opportunity to develop more interpersonal skills training
strong interpersonal skills through programs for new employees.
real-world work experience. • Educational institutions should
• Some new employees may not have include interpersonal skills in their
received proper education or curriculum before their students
training in interpersonal skills embark on the labour market.
during their academic or previous
work experiences.

Reference:
• Employers Say Students Aren’t Learning Soft Skills in College
• Are You Ready for Gen Z in the Workplace?
• Why Should Employers Invest in Employee Soft Skills Training?

Question 2: The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on
having the same job or the same working conditions for life.
Why is it the case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare people to work in the future?

Causes Solutions

• The global nature of the economy • Individuals need to learn how to

has made it easier for companies to adapt to change and develop
outsource or offshore certain job resilience in the face of challenges.
functions. • Individuals build strong
• Many individuals change jobs to professional networks and
seek better career advancement relationships.
opportunities. • They should develop problem-
• Some employees seek new roles to solving and critical thinking skills
acquire and develop new skills. • They should be proficient in using
technology and digital tools.

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 Causes Solutions

Reference:
• "Why Have You Changed Jobs So Frequently?"
• The 7 Reasons Why People Change Jobs
• What is the Future of Work?
• 3 Ways to Prepare for the Future of Work
• Building Resilience and Adaptability in the Face of Challenges

Question 3: In most successful companies, some people think that communication

between employers and workers is the most important factor, other people say that other
factors are more important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Communication between employers and Other factors

workers

• Effective communication fosters • The quality and innovation of a

collaboration and teamwork. company's products or services play
• Transparent communication can a significant role in one business’s
boost employee engagement. success.
• Communication is vital for • Hiring and retaining the right talent
problem-solving. is crucial.
• Strategic planning is a vital element
of success.

Reference:
• Fostering Collaborative Communication in the Workplace | Box, Inc.
• Why transparency is key to employee engagement
• Good Communication Can Help Solve Problems | Ag Decision Maker
• Importance of Quality: Explanation & Importance | StudySmarter

Question 4: Some people want to be able to contact their staff at all times, even on
holidays.
Does this development have more advantages than disadvantages?

13
 Advantages Disadvantages

• Maintaining constant • Maintaining work-life balance

communication with employees can becomes challenging when
increase productivity. employees are expected to be on
• It can provide flexibility for call during their time off.
employees to address urgent work • Constant accessibility can lead to
matters or make important burnout.
decisions. • It can decrease employee job
• It can meet client expectations. satisfaction.

Reference:
• The Disadvantages of Being Connected to Work 24/7
• Strategies to increase employee productivity What are the most relevant?
• 12 Tips to Achieve and Maintain a Good Work-Life Balance

Question 5: More and more people are now moving away from an agricultural background
to cities for work.
What will be the consequences of this? What solution can you offer?

Consequences Solutions

• Rapid urbanization can strain urban • Governments should develop

infrastructure and services efficient public transportation
• This gives rise to unemployment and systems
underemployment. • Governments should implement
• This migration can lead to well-planned urbanization
depopulation in rural areas. strategies
• Governments should invest in
rural development

Reference:
• Urbanization: a problem for the rich and the poor? | Public Health Reviews
• Rapid urbanisation: opportunities and challenges to improve the well-being of
societies | Human Development Reports
• Urbanization Causes and Impacts | National Geographic

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Question 6: Many people find it hard to balance their work with other parts of their lives.
What are the reasons for this? How can this problem be overcome?

Reasons Solutions

• The difficulty in work-life balance • People should identify their

is attributed to the demand for priorities and plan their time
longer working hours. accordingly.
• An uneven equilibrium between • Individuals establish clear
work and private life is due to the boundaries between work and
desire to acquire more material personal life.
possessions. • The government should impose
• The difficulty to maintain work-life laws on employees’ working hours
balance is ascribed to increased to reduce the frequency of working
responsibilities at home. additional hours.

Reference:
• What Causes Poor Work Life Balance? | Runn
• How to Set Boundaries for Work-Life Balance
• How to Improve Your Work-Life Balance - businessnewsdaily.com

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 TOPIC 3: HEALTH

Practice questions
1. Question: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy
lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are
already ill.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: The number of people who are at risk of serious health problems due to
being overweight is increasing.
What is the reason for the growth of overweight people in society? How can this
problem be solved?
3. Question: More and more people are suffering from health problems caused by a
modern lifestyle which cannot be treated with modern medicines. Some people
think that a return to traditional medicine should be encouraged. To what extent do
you agree?
4. Question: Some people think that public health in a country can be improved by the
government making laws regarding nutritious food. Others, however, think that
health is a matter of personal choice and responsibility.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Question: Walking is known to be beneficial for health and yet fewer and fewer
people are walking these days.
What are the reasons for this? What can be done to tackle this problem?
6. Question: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s
income. The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be
held accountable for that.
Do you agree with this opinion?

16
 Main points
Question 1: It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle
in order to prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The reasons for spending public money The reasons for spending public money
on promoting a healthy lifestyle. on treatment of people who are already
ill.

• Preventive measures can be cost- • Some diseases cannot be prevented.

effective in the long run. • People might be born with certain
• Many medical conditions are the hereditary diseases.
direct result of unhealthy habits. • Governmental support is critical to
• Health promotion and disease the recovery of patients whose
prevention initiatives can produce treatment costs exceed their
greater long-term social impact. financial capacity.

Reference:
• Importance of Health Prevention and Promotion
• The Impact of Chronic Underfunding on America’s Public Health System:
Trends, Risks, and Recommendations, 2020 - TFAH
• Hereditary diseases, learn about a few examples - Genes Matter (veritasint.com)

Question 2: The number of people who are at risk of serious health problems due to being
overweight is increasing.
What is the reason for the growth of overweight people in society?
How can this problem be solved?

Reasons Problems

• High consumption of processed • The government should promote

foods contributes to weight gain awareness and education about the
• A sedentary lifestyle leads to importance of a balanced diet and
overweightness regular physical activity.
• The marketing of unhealthy foods • The government should invest in
and beverages has influenced programs that support physical
dietary choices. activity

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 Reasons Problems

• The government should impose a

ban on the marketing of unhealthy
products to children

Reference:
• Highly Processed Foods Linked to Weight Gain | NIH News in Health.
• A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of obesity
• Promoting the production of healthy food

Question 3: More and more people are suffering from health problems caused by a modern
lifestyle which cannot be treated with modern medicines. Some people think that a return
to traditional medicine should be encouraged.
To what extent do you agree?

The reasons why traditional medicine The reasons why traditional medicine
should not be encouraged. should be encouraged

• It is difficult to determine the safety • Traditional remedies are perceived

and efficacy of traditional to have fewer side effects compared
medicine. to some modern medications.
• The quality and safety of traditional • Traditional medicine can be more
remedies can vary widely, leading individualized, taking into account
to concerns about standardization a person's unique constitution and
and purity. lifestyle.
• Relying solely on traditional • Traditional medicine may offer
medicine may delay or even fail to holistic approaches to health that
provide effective treatment for modern medicine may overlook.
certain acute or life-threatening
conditions.

Reference:
• Bridging the Gap: Traditional and Modern Medicine
• The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and
challenges in monitoring safety
• Traditional use and safety of herbal medicines - ScienceDirect

18
Question 4: Some people think that public health in a country can be improved by the
government making laws regarding nutritious food. Others, however, think that health is a
matter of personal choice and responsibility.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Public health can be improved by the Health is a matter of personal choice

government making laws regarding and responsibility.
nutritious food.

• Government regulations can reduce • Individuals should have the

the prevalence of diet-related freedom to make their own dietary
diseases. decisions.
• Regulations can ensure that • People have diverse dietary
healthier food options are more preferences, cultural backgrounds,
accessible and affordable. and health needs.
• Regulations can protect consumers • Regulations alone may have limited
from deceptive advertising and effectiveness in changing behavior.
marketing of unhealthy food
products.

Reference:
• Healthy Foods and Healthy Diets. How Government Policies Can Steer Food
Reformulation - PMC
• How Government Policies and Regulations Can Affect Dietary Choices
• Government Control of Your Diet: Threats to “Freedom to Eat” | The Heritage
Foundation

Question 5: Walking is known to be beneficial for health and yet fewer and fewer people
are walking these days.
What are the reasons for this? What can be done to tackle this problem?

The reasons for the decline in walking Solutions to encourage more people to
walk

• Urban planning in many areas often • The government should launch

prioritizes automobiles over awareness-raising campaigns to
pedestrian-friendly infrastructure,

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 The reasons for the decline in walking Solutions to encourage more people to
walk

making it less convenient and less educate people about the numerous
safe to walk. health benefits of walking.
• Modern life is often characterized • Officials should invest in
by busy schedules, leading people to pedestrian-friendly infrastructure.
perceive walking as time-
consuming.
• In a fast-paced world, walking is
often perceived as less efficient
compared to other modes of
transportation.

Reference:
• Taking Strides: Why Walking Is Not So Popular in the U.S
• Surgeon General strategies for making communities more walkable

Question 6: Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a person’s income.
The health of a person is in their own hands and they should, therefore, be held
accountable for that.
Do you agree with this opinion?

Arguments in favor of providing Arguments against providing

healthcare for free regardless of income healthcare for free regardless of income

• This can lead to improved public • When individuals have to pay for
health. their healthcare to some extent,
• Free healthcare encourages they are more likely to make
individuals to seek preventative responsible health choices and
care and early treatment for adopt healthy lifestyles.
medical issues, reducing the spread • In a system where healthcare is
of diseases and the need for costly, entirely free, there may be concerns
advanced treatments later on. about overutilization of healthcare
services.

20
 Arguments in favor of providing Arguments against providing
healthcare for free regardless of income healthcare for free regardless of income

• Providing free healthcare to

everyone can strain a government's
budget.

Reference:
• Health care systems: models, pros and cons, and smart health card contribution
• Should the U.S. Government Provide Universal Health Care?

21
 TOPIC 4: ENVIRONMENT

Practice questions
1. Question: Nowadays, people have little awareness of the importance of the natural
world.
What are the reasons and how can people learn more about the natural world?
2. Question: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to
the natural environment.
What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
3. Question: Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down.
Others however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss
both opinions and give your own opinion.
4. Question: Human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some
people think it is too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that
effective measures can be taken to improve this situation.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Question: It is often said that governments spend too much money to protect
wildlife, while there are other problems that are more important.
Do you agree or disagree?
6. Question: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase
the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

22
 Main points
Question 1: Nowadays, people have little awareness of the importance of the natural
world.
What are the reasons and how can people learn more about the natural world?

The reasons why people have little Ways to help people learn more about
awareness of the importance of the the natural world
natural world.

• As more people move to urban • The government should promote

areas, they become disconnected environmental education at all
from nature and spend less time in levels of the educational system,
natural environments. from early childhood through
• The prevalence of digital devices adulthood.
and technology can lead to screen • The government should encourage
time taking precedence over participation in nature-based
outdoor activities and nature programs and outdoor activities.
exploration. • Information and stories about the
• In some cases, formal education natural world should be widely
systems may not prioritize shared through mass media.
environmental or ecological
education, leaving individuals with
limited knowledge about the natural
world.
• People's busy lives may leave little
time for outdoor activities or nature
exploration, further reducing their
awareness of the natural world.

Reference:
• Reconnecting communities with nature through local libraries
• How Modern Life Became Disconnected from Nature
• Disconnection from nature: Expanding our understanding of human–nature
relations

23
Question 2: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment.
What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?

Causes Solutions

• The production of consumer goods • Companies should encourage the

often involves the extraction of raw design of products that minimize
materials. environmental impact.
• The manufacturing and • The government should promote
transportation of consumer goods the efficient use of resources in
require significant energy from manufacturing processes to reduce
fossil fuels. waste and minimize environmental
• Consumer goods production can damage.
drive deforestation. • Governments can implement
regulations and policies to control
and reduce environmental damage
from consumer goods production.

Reference:
• The Negative Effects of Consumerism
• Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
• Vietnam Approves Long Term Strategy on Environmental Protection: Decision
450

Question 3: Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others
however believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals. Discuss both opinions
and give your own opinion.

The reasons why zoos are all cruel and The reasons why zoos can be useful in
should be closed down protecting wild animals

• Animals often suffer physically and • Zoos can be powerful tools for
mentally by being enclosed. educating the public about the
• With the advent of advanced importance of wildlife
technology, there are alternative conservation.

24
 The reasons why zoos are all cruel and The reasons why zoos can be useful in
should be closed down protecting wild animals

ways to educate people about • One of the most important modern

wildlife. functions of zoos is supporting
international breeding programmes.
• Zoos provide expert veterinary care
to animals, which can help save and
rehabilitate injured or sick
individuals.
•

Reference:
• Are zoos a good thing?
• Do zoos take care of injured animals?
• How Technology Can Transform Wildlife Conservation

Question 4: Human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some
people think it is too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that effective
measures can be taken to improve this situation.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The reasons why it is too late to do The reasons why effective measures can
anything about this problem be taken to improve this situation

• Human activities have led to the • Governments can enact laws to ban
destruction and fragmentation of illegal acts that pose a threat to
natural habitats. natural habitats.
• Climate change, driven by human • Governments can invest in the
activities, is altering ecosystems establishment of protected areas.
and threatening species with • Increasing public awareness about
changing temperature and weather the importance of biodiversity and
patterns. the threats to plant and animal
• Extinctions have occurred, and species can lead to changes in
once a species is lost, it cannot be consumer behavior and policies.
recovered.

25
 The reasons why it is too late to do The reasons why effective measures can
anything about this problem be taken to improve this situation

Reference:
• Habitat destruction
• Climate change and its impact on biodiversity and human welfare
• Mass Extinctions
• 7 Strategies for protecting wildlife

Question 5: It is often said that governments spend too much money to protect wildlife,
while there are other problems that are more important.
Do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of government Arguments against government

spending on wildlife protection spending on wildlife protection

• Wildlife plays a critical role in • Governments have limited

maintaining ecosystems, which resources, and these resources
provide essential services for should be allocated to more
human well-being. pressing issues.
• Protecting wildlife can help • The cost of conservation efforts
mitigate the impact of climate does not justify the benefits.
change and emerging diseases,
potentially saving resources in the
long term.
• Wildlife-related activities, such as
ecotourism and sustainable hunting,
can contribute significantly to local
economies.
• Some people argue that the
preservation of wildlife has
intrinsic value and that humans
have a moral responsibility to
protect other species.

Reference:

26
 Arguments in favor of government Arguments against government
spending on wildlife protection spending on wildlife protection

• Determining the economic costs and benefits of conservation actions: A decision

support framework
• Why it’s Critical to Protect Wildlife and Endangered Species
• Conservationists’ moral obligations toward wildlife: Values and identity
promote conservation conflict

Question 6: The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the
cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of increasing fuel Arguments against increasing fuel costs

costs

• Higher fuel costs can incentivize • Increased fuel costs can lead to
individuals and businesses to reduce higher costs of living, which can
their fuel consumption. affect prices of goods and services
• Increased fuel costs can generate across various industries.
revenue that governments can • While higher fuel costs can
reinvest in sustainable encourage more fuel-efficient
transportation infrastructure. behaviors, it may take time for
• Higher fuel costs can drive individuals and businesses to adapt
innovation in fuel-efficient and to these changes.
alternative fuel technologies. • Higher fuel costs may raise
concerns about social equity and
fairness.

Reference:
• Vulnerability to motor fuel price increases: Socio-spatial patterns in England
• Rising fuel costs are a massive problem for business and consumers — Here’s
why they’re so high
• A study of innovative technologies in the fuel and energy sector

27
 TOPIC 5: BUSINESS

Practice questions
1. Question: Some people think that big companies should provide sports and social
facilities for the local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization
produce positive effects for everyone.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
3. Question: In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business
because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without
cars have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the
use of cars.
Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?
4. Question: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to
the natural environment.
What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
5. Question: Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient
interpersonal skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team.
What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions?
6. Question: Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a
result, people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy
local products?

28
 Main points
Question 1: Some people think that big companies should provide sports and social
facilities for the local community.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments for big companies providing Arguments against big companies

sports and social facilities for the local providing sports and social facilities for
community the local community

• Providing sports and social • Building and maintaining sports

facilities can be seen as a part of and social facilities might divert
their corporate social responsibility resources and attention from
efforts. corporations’ core functions.
• This can have a positive impact on • Companies may not have the
the overall well-being of the local expertise or understanding of
population. community needs.
• This can attract and retain a skilled • It may lead to disparities between
workforce, which can benefit the communities where companies are
enterprise’s operations and located and those where they are
reputation. not.
• Offering these amenities to the • Companies may not always be
local community can also boost committed to long-term
employee morale and satisfaction. sustainability of these resources.

Reference:
• Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility 2013
• Community benefits of major sport facilities: The Darebin International Sports
Centre - ScienceDirect
• From Corporate Social Responsibility to Employee Well-Being: Navigating the
Pathway to Sustainable Healthcare
• Sports Facilities Development and Urban Generation

Question 2: The expansion of multinational companies and increase in globalization

produce positive effects for everyone.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

29
 Arguments for positive effects Arguments for negative effects

• Globalization and the presence of • Globalization and the expansion of

multinational companies can lead to multinational companies can
increased economic growth. exacerbate income inequality.
• This can promote cultural diversity • Some multinational companies are
and understanding. criticized for exploiting labor and
• Globalization allows for increased resources in less developed
trade between nations, leading to a countries, leading to ethical and
wider variety of goods and services human rights concerns.
available to consumers at • The homogenizing effects of
competitive prices. globalization can lead to the loss of
cultural diversity and the erosion of
local traditions and values.
• The pursuit of profit by
multinational corporations can
sometimes come at the cost of
environmental degradation.

Reference:
• The Significance and Influence of Multinational Corporations on the Global
Economy
• How Globalization Impacts Local Culture & Society
• How economic globalisation affects income inequality (news article)
• Multinational Corporations and Labor Conditions
• Cultural Erosion: A Simple Explanation - Tourism Teacher.

Question 3: In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out of business
because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars
have limited access to out-of-town stores, and it may result in an increase in the use of
cars.
Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?

30
 Advantages of out-of-town stores Disadvantage of out-of-town stores

• Out-of-town stores often offer a • The closure of small town-center

wider range of products at shops can harm local businesses.
competitive prices. • People may face challenges
• Larger stores may provide a more accessing out-of-town stores,
convenient shopping experience leading to limited shopping options.
for customers. • The increased use of cars to reach
• The presence of out-of-town stores out-of-town stores can contribute to
can contribute to job creation. environmental issues.

Reference:
• Retailer Pricing Strategy and Consumer Choice under Price Uncertainty
• Big-Box Retail and Its Impact on Local Communities
• The impact of out-of-town shopping centres on town-centre retailers and
employment: The case of the Region of Murcia

Question 4: The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment.
What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?

Reasons Solutions

• Many consumer goods are • Governments can enact laws and

produced using non-renewable regulations that set standards for
resources, leading to resource sustainable production.
depletion. • Governments should raise
• The growth of producing consumer awareness among consumers about
goods leads to substantial waste the environmental impact of their
generation. choices.
• Some consumer goods drive • Manufacturing companies should
deforestation and habitat invest in research and development
destruction. of green technologies.

Reference:
• Reducing Deforestation From Commodity Production

31
 Reasons Solutions

• Sustainability Standards: Interactions Between Private Actors, Civil Society,

and Governments | Annual Review of Environment and Resources
• Embedding Sustainability in the Consumer Goods Innovation Cycle and
Enabling Tools to Measure Progress and Capabilities
• Impact of Consumer Environmental Responsibility on Green Consumption
Behavior in China: The Role of Environmental Concern and Price Sensitivity

Question 5: Many employers find that their new employees lack sufficient interpersonal
skills such as lack of ability to work with colleagues as a team.
What are the causes? Can you suggest some possible solutions?

Reasons Solutions

• Many educational institutions • Schools should focus more on

primarily focus on academic or effective interpersonal skills
technical skills, neglecting education.
interpersonal and soft skills in their • Employers can pair new employees
curricula. with experienced colleagues who
• Some new employees might have can serve as mentors on
limited prior work experience, interpersonal skills and teamwork.
especially in team-oriented • Employers should provide regular
environments. feedback to employees on their
• Diverse workforces may experience interpersonal skills and teamwork
challenges related to different performance.
communication styles and • Employers can implement diversity
expectations. and inclusion training to foster
• Employers may not provide better understanding and
sufficient on-the-job training or collaboration among employees.
professional development
opportunities that focus on
interpersonal skills.

Reference:
• Peer-Tested Approaches to Teaching and Assessing Soft Skills
• Interpersonal Skills: Definitions, Examples and How To Improve | Indeed.com

32
 Reasons Solutions

• Managing Cultural Diversity in the Workplace

Question 6: Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and as a
result, people gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?

Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

• Product marketing may entice • Government can subsidize small-

consumers to buy unnecessary medium-enterprises through fair
items. trade reforms.
• Marketing can be expensive and • Awareness campaigns can be
drain profits, especially for smaller introduced to the population so that
businesses. they understand the importance of
• Many promoting campaigns are not supporting local vendors.
effective because of a lack of • The ban on targeted advertising can
further outcome research. be applied.
• This practice might lead to a
hypercompetitive market, leading
to the loss of many small local
brands.

Reference:
• Advertising Makes Us Unhappy
• EU parliament backs tighter rules on behavioural ads
• The Disadvantages of Target Marketing

33
 TOPIC 6: ENTERTAINMENT

Practice questions
1. Question: Many people are now spending more and more time traveling to work or
school. Some people believe that this is a negative development while others think
there are some benefits.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2. Question: These days, a great number of children prefer spending time on computer
games rather than on sports.
Why is it? Is it a positive or negative development?
3. Question: Pop stars earn much more than classical music performers. Some people
think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
4. Question: The availability of entertainment such as video games on handheld
devices is harmful to individuals and to the society they live in.
To what extent do you agree and disagree?
5. Question: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people
about the importance of social issues.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
6. Question: Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are
able to make a film.
Is this a negative or positive development?

34
 Main points
Question 1: Many people are now spending more and more time travelling to work or
school. Some people believe that this is a negative development while others think there
are some benefits.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Arguments for negative view Arguments for positive view

• Extended commuting times can • Modern technology allows for

waste people’s time. productivity during commutes.
• Lengthy commutes can be stressful • Longer commutes can provide
and physically exhausting. opportunities for cultural
• Prolonged commutes might harm enrichment.
the environment. • The need for longer commutes can
• Lengthy commutes can disrupt stimulate investment in
work-life balance. transportation infrastructure.

Reference:
• Why Long Commutes Are Taking Their Toll on Your Employees
• How your Commute Affects Air Pollution and Climate Change
• How remote work affect employee productivity
• Investing in Public Transit Systems Can Empower Workers and Transform
Urban Economies, New Research Shows

Question 2: These days, a great number of children prefer spending time on computer
games rather than on sports.
Why is it? Is it a positive or negative development?

Reasons why children prioritize Reasons why this tendency is negative

computer-based games over sports

• Online games enable children to • Excessive gaming can contribute to

promote social interactions in a serious health issues.
virtual environment. • Some children can become
• Computer games can be accessed addicted to gaming.
conveniently.

35
 Reasons why children prioritize Reasons why this tendency is negative
computer-based games over sports

• Games can serve as a form of • Online gaming can expose children

relaxation for children. to potential risks related to online
safety.
•

Reference:
• Appeal of online computer games: A user perspective
• The Convenience Of Online Gaming
• Associations between digital gaming behavior and physical activity among
Finnish vocational students
• Online Gaming Risks: Are Your Children Susceptible?

Question 3: Pop stars earn much more than classical music performers. Some people
think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Reasons why pop stars earning more Reasons why pop stars earning more
than classical music performers is than classical music performers is unfair
justified

• The majority of pop stars have to • Classical music is widely regarded

face the challenge of a short-lived as a highly challenging genre to
career. master.
• Pop stars are generally also • Classical music is considered a
expected to act as role models for cultural heritage that requires
the youth. preservation and support.
• Pop stars generate substantial • This can be seen as a reflection of
revenue to the economy. societal inequalities and skewed
priorities within the music industry.

Reference:
• Training the Next Generation of Classical Musicians
• Analysis of income inequality impact on the musical art

36
 Reasons why pop stars earning more Reasons why pop stars earning more
than classical music performers is than classical music performers is unfair
justified

• POP VIEW; The Incredible Shrinking Career of a Pop Star - The New York
Times
• From Cultural Export to Economic Engine: Examining the Role of K-Pop in the
Growth of the South Korean Economy

Question 4: The availability of entertainment such as video games on handheld devices

is harmful to individuals and to the society they live in.
To what extent do you agree and disagree?

The reasons why the availability of The reasons why the availability of
entertainment is harmful to individuals entertainment is beneficial to
and to the society individuals and to the society

• People may choose solitary • Entertainment can offer stress relief

activities over social interaction. and mental relaxation.
• Easy access to entertainment can • The entertainment industry is a
lead to distractions from daily significant source of employment.
tasks. • Many forms of entertainment have
• The drive to keep up with the latest educational content that can
trends in entertainment can foster a complement formal education.
culture of consumerism.

Reference:
• Mental Health and the Entertainment Industry
• Reasons Why Entertainment Is Important?
• he Role of Entertainment in Improving the Quality of Education

Question 5: Some think that all entertainment TV programmes should educate people
about the importance of social issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

37
 The reasons why TV programmes The reasons why TV programmes
should educate about the importance of should not educate about the
social issues importance of social issues

• TV's broad approach makes it an • TV programs often simplify

effective tool for bringing attention complex topics to fit time
to important social issues. constraints, which could lead to
• Educating people about social misinformation or shallow
issues through TV programs equips understanding of important social
them with the knowledge to make matters.
informed civic decisions. • The primary aim of many TV
• Learning about others' experiences programs is to entertain; mixing
through TV can cultivate empathy entertainment with education might
and social cohesion. dilute the effectiveness of both.
• The need to attract viewers may
lead to sensationalized or
exaggerated portrayals of social
issues, distorting public perception.

Reference:
• The Educational Impact of Television
• Journalism, Fake News & Misinformation
• Television's Impact On American Society And Culture

Question 6: Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able
to make a film. Is this a negative or positive development?

The advantages of individual Disadvantages of individual filmmaking

filmmaking

• Independent filmmaking allows for • The lack of funding for high-

more diverse stories. quality equipment, experienced
• Individual filmmaking brings more crew, and professional actors can
opportunities for people who reduce the quality of the final
pursue filmmaking careers. product.
• Independent filmmakers are also
more vulnerable to legal issues.

38
 The advantages of individual Disadvantages of individual filmmaking
filmmaking

• The ability for individuals to make

films provides a platform for
artistic and creative expression.

Reference:
• Pros and Cons of Independent Films
• These Factors Give Independent Films An Advantage Over Blockbusters
• What is Independent Filmmaking?

39
 TOPIC 7: SPORTS

Practice questions
1. Question: Today, TV channels show more men’s sports than women’s sports.
Why is this the case? Should TV channels give equal time to women’s sports and
men’s sports?
2. Question: Some people think that hosting international sports events is good for the
country, while some people think it is bad.
Discuss both views and state your opinion.
3. Question: Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others,
however, think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some
people think it has a negative impact on sports.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. Question: Some people believe that success in sports depends on physical ability.
But some people believe there are many factors that contribute to success at sports.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
6. Question: Some countries achieve international success by building specialized
facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can
use.
Is it a positive or negative development?

40
 Main points
Question 1: Today, TV channels show more men’s sports than women’s sports.
Why is this the case? Should TV channels give equal time to women’s sports and men’s
sports?

The reasons why TV channels show The reasons why TV channels should
more men’s sports than women’s give equal time to women’s sports and
men’s sports

• Men's sports typically generate • TV channels can attract a larger and

higher viewership and advertising more diverse viewership, which can
revenue. translate into higher ratings and
• Men's sports are often more advertising revenue
lucrative, attracting higher • Equal coverage helps break down
sponsorship and advertising gender stereotypes that portray
revenue. women as less competitive or less
• Societal norms and biases may lead skilled in sports
decision-makers to allocate more • Equitable representation promotes
airtime to men's sports. gender equality

Reference:
• Gender equality in sports
• The disparity in women’s and men’s sports
• Why greater media coverage of women’s sport will provide the platform for
equality

Question 2: Some people think that hosting international sports events is good for the
country, while some people think it is bad.
Discuss both views and state your opinion.

The reasons for hosting international The reasons against hosting

sports events international sports events

• Hosting worldwide athletic • Hosting such events put a strain on

tournaments can boost national financial burden
economic growth

41
 The reasons for hosting international The reasons against hosting
sports events international sports events

• Hosting such an event can serve as • The focus on international sports

a platform to showcase the host events can lead to the dearth of
country's culture, history, and pressing social issues
advancements, • Hosting global events leads to
• Preparations for such large-scale various socio-economic issues such
events often necessitate as traffic congestion, and increased
infrastructure improvements. pollution levels

Reference:
• The benefits of hosting international events
• Hosting Global Sporting Events Advantages And Disadvantages
• The pros and cons of hosting sporting events

Question 3: Some people believe that sport has an important role in society. Others,
however, think that it is nothing more than a leisure activity for some people.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The reasons why sport has an important The reasons why sport is nothing more
role in society than a leisure activity

• Sport has a profound impact on • The commercialization of sports

physical health. has led to a scenario where it has
• Sport serves as a social glue that become more of an entertainment
binds communities. industry rather than a societal
• Sport has economic significance. necessity.
• While sports can offer individual
benefits, they do not solve systemic
issues in society such as poverty,
inequality, or lack of access to
education and healthcare.

Reference:
• The importance of sports and democracy in building a better society
• The Commercialization of Sports

42
 The reasons why sport has an important The reasons why sport is nothing more
role in society than a leisure activity

• Why the EU should treat sport as more than just a leisure activity

Question 4: Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people
think it has a negative impact on sports.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The reasons why large companies The reasons why promoting their
should use sports events to promote products has negative impacts on sports
their products

• Sports events often attract large • Sponsorships from controversial or

audiences, both in-person and unhealthy brands can tarnish a
through broadcast media, providing sport's reputation.
companies with a platform for • The essence of sports can be
widespread exposure. overshadowed by corporate
• Boosts companies’ credibility interests, shifting focus from
through association with athleticism to profits.
prestigious sports events or • Sponsorship obligations can
athletes. distract athletes from their primary
focus—excelling in their sport.

Reference:
• What Are the Benefits of Sports Marketing?
• Reasons Why You Should Invest in Sports Sponsorship
• The Pros & Cons of Sports Sponsorships

Question 5: Some people believe that success in sports depends on physical ability. But
some people believe there are many factors that contribute to success at sports. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

43
 The reasons why success in sports There are many factors that contribute
depends on physical ability to success at sports

• Physical traits such as speed, • The ability to stay focused, handle

strength, and agility often serve as pressure, and recover from setbacks
the primary metrics for success in often determines the outcome in
many athletic disciplines. sports.
• High-level physical conditions • Mastering the specific techniques
reduce the risk of injury, allowing can sometimes outweigh the
athletes to maintain consistent advantages of natural physical
performance. talent.
• Physical strength allows for better • Years of competition give athletes
control and domination over the invaluable knowledge of how to
opponents. manage various situations.

Reference:
• How Strength Enhances Your Sports Performance
• What Skills Do Athletes Need to Succeed?
• Benefits of Strength Training In Sports

Question 6: Some countries achieve international success by building specialized

facilities to train top athletes instead of providing sports facilities that everyone can use.
Is it a positive or negative development?

Advantages of training elite athletes Disadvantages of training elite athletes

over providing general sports amenities over providing general sports amenities

• Elite athletes often compete at • Specialized facilities for elite

international levels, and their athletes are generally not accessible
success brings recognition and to the general public.
prestige to their country. • Allocating to elite training facilities
• Success in international sports can could lead to the dearth of other
lead to significant economic critical sectors.
benefits. • A heavy emphasis on competitive
• Elite athletes often become role sports can overshadow the
models for young people, inspiring importance of sports as recreation.

44
 Advantages of training elite athletes Disadvantages of training elite athletes
over providing general sports amenities over providing general sports amenities

a new generation to participate in

sports.

Reference:
• Why do governments invest in elite sport?
• The societal impact of elite sport: positives and negatives

45
 TOPIC 8: LANGUAGE

Practice questions
1. Question: A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the
use of others is rapidly declining.
Is it a positive or negative development?
2. Question: The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most
prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English
becoming the only language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
3. Question: As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages
is a waste of time.
To what extent do you agree?

46
 Main points
Question 1: A few languages are increasingly spoken in different countries, while the use
of others is rapidly declining.
Is it a positive or negative development?

Benefits of the increasing prevalence of Drawbacks to the increasing prevalence

some languages in different countries of some languages in different countries

• The dominance of certain • The rapid decline of less widely

languages facilitates global spoken languages can lead to their
communication and understanding. extinction.
• The increasing prevalence of some • The decline of a language often
languages promotes greater means the loss of cultural stories,
international trade. history, and knowledge that are tied
• The spread of a language promotes to that language.
cultural exchange. • Speakers of minority languages
may face discrimination, as their
language is marginalized.

Reference:
• The advantages and disadvantages of a global language
• English as a Universal Language: The Pros and Cons
• Dangers of a Global Language

Question 2: The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most

prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming
the only language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?

Advantages of learning one language in Disadvantages of learning one language

the world in the world

• Learning one language that • The dominance of one language

dominates global business can can contribute to cultural
provide individuals with a homogenization.
competitive edge in the job market.

47
 Advantages of learning one language in Disadvantages of learning one language
the world in the world

• Learning global languages can help • The widespread use of a single

eliminate language barriers. language could lead to the decline
• A single global language simplifies and extinction of many languages.
international communication. • A universal language could
contribute to a loss of linguistic and
cultural identity for many
communities.

Reference:
• Language loss, Identity, and English as an International Language
• The importance of culture, language and identity
• The Benefits Of A Universal Language

Question 3: As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is

a waste of time.
To what extent do you agree?

Reasons for learning foreign languages Reasons against learning foreign

languages

• Learning a foreign language can • With the advent of advanced

help people deepen a culture’s translation tools, people can
understanding. communicate easily without the
• Learning a foreign language can need of being fluent in the target
lead to better job opportunities. language.
• Relying solely on translation • It is more time-saving to use
technology can be risky in translation tools to communicate
situations when the technology may with foreigners than learning
not be accurate or reliable. languages.
• Translation tools capture the true
meaning of the original text while
humans can make mistakes when
learning and translating the
meaning.

48
Reasons for learning foreign languages Reasons against learning foreign
languages

Reference:
• Translation technology is useful, but should not replace learning languages
• AI Translators: The Future Of Language Learning?
• Why Study a Foreign Language?

49
 TOPIC 9: TECHNOLOGY

Practice questions
1. Question: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than
human beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative
development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
2. Question: Some people believe that technology causes more problems for modern
society than it solves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV programs
to get news. They get news about the world through the Internet.
Is this a positive or negative development?

50
 Main points
Question 1: Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human
beings. Some people find it is positive while others think it is a negative development.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Positive sides of computers Negative sides of computers

• Intelligent technology can perform • The increasing use of AI-driven

tasks with greater precision than devices can contribute to social
humans. isolation.
• Intelligent technology can help • AI can replace certain jobs, leading
businesses reduce labor costs. to unemployment.
• AI can replace humans in • The collection and analysis of vast
hazardous situations. amounts of personal data by
intelligent systems raise significant
privacy concerns.

Reference:
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence [AI]
• Top advantages and disadvantages of AI
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

Question 2: Some people believe that technology causes more problems for modern
society than it solves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why technology causes more Reasons why technology does not cause
problems for modern society than it more problems for modern society than
solves it solves

• Advanced technology increases • Technology can enhance the overall

unemployment rates. quality of life.
• Overreliance on technology can • Technological innovation fosters
lead to the erosion of critical skills economic growth by creating new
and knowledge. industries, jobs, and markets.
• Technology has revolutionized
communication.

51
 Reasons why technology causes more Reasons why technology does not cause
problems for modern society than it more problems for modern society than
solves it solves

• The production and disposal of

technological devices can have a
significant environmental impact.

Reference:
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Technology
• Modern technology: advantages and disadvantages
• Advantages and Disadvantages of use of technology

Question 3: More and more people no longer read newspapers or watch TV programs to
get news. They get news about the world through the Internet.
Is this a positive or negative development?

Benefits of getting news through the Drawbacks of getting news through the
Internet Internet

• It is more convenient to update the • The internet is rife with

latest information on news websites misinformation.
or apps. • Accessing news online may expose
• The internet provides real-time users to cybersecurity risks.
updates. • Some news websites may lack
• Users can personalize their news credibility.
experience.

Reference:
• Top 3 advantages and disadvantages of Online News
• Advantages of Reading News Online
• Digital News: Pros and Cons

52
 TOPIC 10: SOCIAL ISSUES

Practice questions
1. Question: In many countries, imprisonment is the most common solution to crimes.
However, some people believe that better education will be a more effective
solution.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Question: Nowadays, there is a trend that media reports focus on problems and
emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to
individuals and to society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
3. Question: In many nations, people in huge cities either live alone or in small family
units, instead of in large, extended family groups.
Is this a positive or negative trend?
4. Question: The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned
in certain places so mobile phones should be banned like smoking.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
5. Question: Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious
festivals; during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
6. Question: Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic
development, but some important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?

53
 Main points
Question 1: In many countries, imprisonment is the most common solution to crimes.
However, some people believe that better education will be a more effective solution.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why better education will be a Reasons why imprisonment is the most
more effective solution to crimes effective solution to crimes

• Education can help individuals • The threat of imprisonment deters

understand the consequences of individuals from engaging in
their actions on others and the criminal behavior.
community. • Incarceration removes dangerous
• Education can increase awareness individuals from the general
of the legal consequences of population, protecting society from
criminal behavior. further harm.
• Access to education and vocational • Imprisonment holds individuals
training while incarcerated can accountable for their actions.
reduce the likelihood of
reoffending.

Reference:
• The Relationship Between Education And Crime
• Education as a tool to preventing crime and promoting a culture of lawfulness
• Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice Module 6 Key Issues

Question 2: Nowadays, there is a trend that media reports focus on problems and
emergencies rather than positive development. Some people think it is harmful to
individuals and to society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Reasons why media reports focusing on Reasons why media reports focusing on
problems and emergencies rather than problems and emergencies rather than
positive development is harmful positive development is not harmful

• Continuous exposure to negative • Focusing on problems can mobilize

news can increase stress and communities and governments to
anxiety. address these pressing issues.

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 Reasons why media reports focusing on Reasons why media reports focusing on
problems and emergencies rather than problems and emergencies rather than
positive development is harmful positive development is not harmful

• Overemphasis on problems can • Reporting on emergencies can

distort our perspective on the enhance public awareness to
world. prevent potential consequences.
• Constant exposure to negative news • Reporting on problems and
can desensitize people to violence, emergencies keeps the public
tragedy, and suffering. informed about issues that may
directly affect their lives.

Reference:
• When too much news is bad news
• Why Bad News Has Such an Impact
• Negative news evokes stronger psychophysiological reactions than positive news

Question 3: In many nations, people in huge cities either live alone or in small family
units, instead of in large, extended family groups.
Is this a positive or negative trend?

Positive aspects of living alone and in Negative aspects of living alone and in
small family units small family units

• Living alone or in small family • The cost of living in large cities can
units can promote individual be high, and small family units
independence might struggle to bear these
• Smaller family units can sometimes expenses
lead to reduced interpersonal • In small families, there is often a
conflicts lack of support from elders in
• Small family units or solo living taking care of children
typically offer a higher level of • Living alone or in small family
privacy units can lead to social isolation,
particularly among older
individuals

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 Positive aspects of living alone and in Negative aspects of living alone and in
small family units small family units

Reference:
• Exploring the Advantages of Living Alone: [Essay Example], 639 words
GradesFixer
• Types of Family Conflict: Why Do Families Fight?.
• 7 advantages of extended family living - Ross North

Question 4: The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in

certain places so mobile phones should be banned like smoking.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Arguments in favor of banning mobile Arguments against banning mobile

phones in certain places like smoking phones in certain places like smoking

• Banning mobile phones in certain • Restricting mobile phones would

areas such as gas stations for safety hinder people's ability to access
reasons information
• Mobile phone use can disrupt the • In emergency situations, mobile
experience for others due to noise phones are vital for calling for help
and distraction • Many individuals need to use
• Banning mobile phone use in mobile phones for work-related
some areas such as public purposes; therefore, a ban on
restrooms or changing rooms can mobile phones could negatively
help protect people's privacy impact productivity and
professional communication

Reference:
• The Disadvantages of Mobile Learning - Synonym
• The Legal Issues in Locker Room Privacy and Safety | IHRSA
• Cell Phones Should Be Allowed in Public Places | Free Essay Example

Question 5: Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious
festivals; during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

56
 Reasons why people should enjoy Meanings of festival have never been
themselves during festival periods forgotten

• Most festivals are often associated • There is a rise of traditional

with a holiday period, so that awareness around the world as
workers might regard these governments include the teaching
occasions as a time for traveling or of cultural preservation in school
relaxation, rather than practicing programs.
traditional rituals • Families also play a role in passing
• People might concentrate more on knowledge of religious festivals’
social media platforms, thus, deeper significance on to the next
neglect the importance of cultures generation.
and traditions. • The meanings of festivals are
• The rise of technology has made taught in schools so that the next
traditions and festivals less generations can understand them
important because people might deeply.
have more interesting means of
entertainment.

Reference:
• The Importance of Cultural Preservation in the Modern World
• Learn 10 Things Why It Is Important To Preserve Culture - TLD

Question 6: Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic

development, but some important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages of economics development Disadvantages of economics

development

• There is a positive relationship • An increase in income inequality is

between economic growth and the another possible effect of economic
rate of poverty reduction. growth.
• Economic growth has a positive • Increased crime rate is often
impact on the literacy rate of associated with the expansion of the
children, and vice versa. economy.

57
Advantages of economics development Disadvantages of economics
development

• As economies continue to • Industrialization and increased

experience growth, the amount that consumption associated with
is spent on infrastructure such as economic development can harm
transportation networks, the environment and lead to
communication, electricity, gas, ecological problems
water supply as well as various
technologies has also increased.

Reference:
• Causes and consequences of economic development | HCEO
• The effects of economic development and built environment on diabetes in China
| Population Health Metrics | Full Text
• The environmental impact of industrialization and foreign direct investment:
empirical evidence from Asia-Pacific region | SpringerLink

58
 TOPIC 11: DIFFICULT QUESTIONS

Practice questions
1. Question: Scientists believe that by studying the behavior of 3-year-old children,
people can predict if those children can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children
from growing to be a criminal?
2. Question: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some
people think that the present time is more important. How important is it for
individuals and the country to think and do something for the future? What is your
own opinion?
3. Question: Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys
attending. Others feel the genders ought to be separated.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Question: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship
between equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals
can achieve more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal
achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to
their individual merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

59
 Main points
Question 1: Scientists believe that by studying the behaviour of 3-year-old children,
people can predict if those children can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?

Crime is determined by genetics How to stop children from turning to

criminal life

• It is very common for the children • A large proportion of criminal

of violent criminals to display some behaviour can be prevented by a
degree of abnormal behaviour as supportive family environment.
children and later in life. • If young individuals receive proper
• Human beings may acquire certain education, they might develop their
characteristics that are inherited cognition to distinguish right from
from parents. wrong and avoid illegal activities.
• Criminals tend to have aggressive
behaviours when they were
children.

Reference:
• Preventing involvement in crime | nidirect
• Opinion | How to Turn Children Into Criminals - The New York Times
• Children of Organized Crime Offenders: Like Father, Like Child?
• When Crime Is a Family Affair

Question 2: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people
think that the present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and the
country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?

The importance of future preparation Personal Opinion

• Being future-oriented helps • Being present-focused is a

individuals and a nation to handle precursor to sustainable future
upcoming calamities. development.

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 The importance of future preparation Personal Opinion

• Being future-oriented helps • Being present-focused allows

individuals become motivated and individuals to quickly address the
focused on their goals. problems at hand.

Reference:
• Are you present or future oriented? - Vancouver Business Journal
• Future or Present? - Is It Better to Be Future-Oriented or Present-Oriented?

Question 3: Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending.
Others feel the genders ought to be separated.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Separate Sex at School Mixed Sex at School

• There will be a more suitable • Students will get to socialise with

curriculum for students. the opposite sex more often,
• A more relaxing environment as improving their communication
students are not pressured to skills
impress the opposite sex. • With both boys and girls being
• This breaks gender stereotypes. given the same opportunity at
school, it could potentially bridge
the equality gap.
• Mixed-sex schools better reflect the
real world, where people of
different genders interact in various
contexts

Reference:
• Are you present or future oriented? - Vancouver Business Journal
• Future or Present? - Is It Better to Be Future-Oriented or Present-Oriented?

Question 4: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between
equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve
more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are
possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual merits.

61
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

Directly proportional relationship Non-proportional Relationship

• As equality is upheld, personal • Equality is only one of the factors

success can be increased as people determining one’s success as
are given equal access to education, evident by the limited number of
healthcare, economic opportunities, successful individuals, despite the
and other resources. majority of the population being
• In societies with a greater degree of treated equally.
equality, there is often more social
mobility.

Reference:
• Better for Everyone? Egalitarian Culture and Social Wellbeing in Europe |
Social Indicators Research
• How Can We Create an Egalitarian World? | Central European University
• Understanding social mobility | OECD

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