LUBRICATION SYSTEM

for CI engine
 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
for CI engine
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 2
[1] LUBRICATION SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 2
2. LUBRICATING OIL ......................................................................................................................... 3
[1] FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL ................................................................................................. 3
[2] CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINE OIL ......................................................................................... 3
[3] DEGRADATION OF ENGINE OIL ............................................................................................ 5
[4] ANALYSIS RESULTS AND ENGINE OIL CHANGE INTERVALS ........................................... 5
3. LUBRICATING OIL PUMP ............................................................................................................. 6
4. LUBRICATING OIL FILTER ........................................................................................................... 7
5. OIL PAN ......................................................................................................................................... 8
6. OIL SUPPLY PORT ....................................................................................................................... 8
7. CLOSED BREATHER .................................................................................................................... 8
REVISION HISTORY......................................................................................................................... 9
NOTES
This document is applied for Kubota CI engines for OEM.
This document is intend to provide installation guide for the engine to the application.
The information in this document subject to change without notice.
The latest document is available on the AM website. Printed copies are for reference only.

Copyright 2011 KUBOTA Engine Division All rights reserved

1
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
1. GENERAL
All moving parts of the engine must be lubricated to down the engine, controls expansion and dispersion of
function properly. For this purpose, the lubricating oil bearing areas, provides a sealing action, prevents
circulating through the engine has a number of rusting, seals out dust, and purifies products generated
functions. In addition to reducing friction, the oil cools in the cylinders by incomplete combustion.

[1] LUBRICATION SYSTEM

A typical lubrication system is shown in figure 1. crankshaft to the crank pin metal and the other is in the
Lubricating oil in the oil pan is circulated by a pump wall of the crankcase to the rocker arm shaft of valve train.
throughout the system as indicated by the arrows. Oil Should oil pressure fall for any reason, parts can become
pressure is controlled between 245 to 343 kPa (2.5 to 3.5 scored or other serious problems will arise. A warning
kg/cm2, 35.6 to 49.8 psi) and it is delivered to each lamp indicates oil pressure drop when it falls below 49
section of the engine before returning to the oil pan. kPa (0.5 kg/cm2, 7.1 psi) or 98 kPa (1.0 kg/cm 2, 14 psi)
There are two main oil passages. One is through the depending on engine type.

(1) Oil pan

(2) Oil filter1
(3) Oil pump
(4) By-pass valve
(5) Relief valve
(6) Oil filter 2
(7) Oil gallery
(8) Oil switch
(9) Crankshaft
(10) Idle gear
(11) Camshaft
(12) Rocker arm shaft
(13) Warning lamp

Figure 1 Lubrication system

The lubrication system of this diesel engine comprises forcibly supplied to crankshaft (9), connecting rod, idle
the oil pan (1), oil filter 1 (2), oil pump (3), valve (5), oil gear (10), camshaft (11) and rocker arm shaft (12) to
filter 2 (6), and oil switch (8). Engine oil, after being lubricate them. Oil splashed by the crankshaft or oil
cooled in the oil pan (1), passes through oil filter 1 (2) dripping from the clearances between parts lubricates
as it is drawn by the oil pump. Oil, pressurized by the the pistons, cylinders connecting rod small ends, fuel
trochoid type pump (3) is then filtered by oil filter 2 (6) camshaft, tappets, push rods, intake and exhaust
to remove fine particles. Then it passed through oil valves and timing gear.
gallery (7) (the oil passage in the crankcase) to be

2
2. LUBRICATING OIL
Note: [2] CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINE OIL
• The use of synthetic oil is not recommended. (1) Classification by viscosity
• Poor quality oil will shorten engine life. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Standards are
• Use only the specified lubricating oils. generally used to classify engine oil viscosities.
Viscosity is a principal property of oil, the higher the
[1] FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL viscosity, the thicker the oil film formed over the metal
(1) Anti-wear action surface will be and the lower the viscosity, the thinner
The most important role of engine oil is prevention of the film thickness becomes.
seizures and to reduce frictional forces to minimize the Viscosity varies with temperature. The higher the
wear between moving parts and contact surfaces temperature, the lower the viscosity and vice versa.
depending on the reduction of friction force. (Such as Engine oil should have the appropriate viscosity and
cylinder walls and piston rings and both ends of have properties which are not affected by viscosity
connecting rods, crankshaft bearings, camshaft, changes caused by temperature changes. In other
tappets, etc.). words, engine oil must have a high viscosity index. *1
Multi-grade oils having relatively low viscosity (SAE
(2) Cooling action 10W-30) can provide superior lubrication at both low
The combustion chamber becomes extremely hot. Oil temperature and high temperatures. Such oils are
not only lubricates friction parts of piston but also cools available commercially for all-season use.
the engine by acting as a heat exchange medium. This
prevents seizures and high temperature oxidation of the *1: “High viscosity index” means less viscosity change
oil itself. This cooling action is an extremely critical by temperature fluctuation.
function. Extremely high viscosity or insufficient supply
will result in seizures due to inadequate cooling. Table 1 SAE J-300
Max. temp.*3 Viscosity
(3) Sealing action Max. expressing at 100 deg. C
Cylinder walls and compression rings seal the Vis- (212 deg. F)
Viscosity*2 tolerable
combustion chamber to allow build-up of compression. cosity
at each pump
Oil seals the clearance between the cylinder walls and No.
temp. (CP) discharge Min. Max.
rings to provide more complete sealing and prevent performance
leakage of the compressed air to maintain the
compression pressure. It also prevents combustion gas 3250 at
-35 deg. C
from blowing back into the crankcase. 0W -30 deg. C 3.8
(-31 deg. F)
The prevents reduction of engine output and (-22 deg. F)
contamination of oil by unburned fuel. 3500 at
-30 deg. C
5W -25 deg. C 3.8
(-22 deg. F)
(4) Engine cleaning action (-13 deg. F)
Oil removes deposits inside the engine to prevent wear 3500 at
due to build-up of deposits. -25 deg. C
10W -20 deg. C 4.1
(-13 deg. F)
(-4 deg. F)
(5) Corrosion preventive action 3500 at
Oil prevents acid corrosion of metal parts, such as -20 deg. C
15W -15 deg. C 5.6
bearing metals, etc. (-4 deg. F)
(5 deg. F)
(6) Rust prevention action 4500 at
-15 deg. C
Engine oil prevents rusting caused by condensation of 20W -10 deg. C 5.6
(5 deg. F)
acidic gases. (14 deg. F)
6000 at
-10 deg. C
25W -5 deg. C 9.3
(14 deg. F)
(23 deg. F)
20 - - 5.6 < 9.3
30 - - 9.3 < 12.5
40 - - 12.5 < 16.3
50 - - 16.3 < 21.9
*2: Measured by CCS viscometer (ASTM D-2602).
*3: Measured by mini rotary viscometer (ASTM D-3829).
When the viscosity is less than 30000 CP, the
maximum temperature is measured.

3
(2) Recommended oil for mechanical engine
• Refer to the following table for the suitable American external EGR or non-EGR) and the fuel type used:
(Low sulfur, Ultra-low sulfur or High sulfur fuels).
Petroleum Institute (API) classification of engine oil
according to the engine type (with internal EGR,

Table 2
Engine oil classification (API classification)
Fuel type Engines with non-EGR
Engines with external EGR
Engines with internal EGR
CF
High sulfur fuel
(If the "CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, or CI-4" engine
[0.05% (500 ppm) ≤
oil is used with a high-sulfur fuel, change -
Sulfur content <
the engine oil at shorter intervals.
0.50% (5000 ppm)]
(approximately half))
Low sulfur fuel
[Sulfur content < CF or CI-4
0.05% (500 ppm)] or (Class CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4 engine
CF, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4 or CI-4
Ultra-low sulfur fuel oils cannot be used on EGR type
[Sulfur content < engines.)
0.0015% (15 ppm)]
EGR: Exhaust Gas Re-circulation

• CJ-4, CK-4 classification oil is intended for use in • With strict emission control regulations now in effect,
engines equipped with aftertreatment system and is the CF-4 and CG-4 engine oils have been developed
not recommended for use in Kubota mechanical for use with low sulfur fuels, for on-highway vehicle
engines. engines. When a non-road engine runs on high
• Oil used in the engine should have API classification sulfur fuel, it is advisable to use a "CF or better"
and proper SAE engine oil viscosity according to the classification engine oil with a high Total Base
ambient temperatures where the engine is operated. Number (a minimum TBN of 10 is recommended).

4
 (2) Effect of oxidation due to combustion
[3] DEGRADATION OF ENGINE OIL Oxidation of oil is not only affected by the oxidation of
Engine oil is subjected to extremely harsh conditions. the oil itself but by entrance of aldehyde, peroxide, etc.
Since it is used at high temperatures and in situations which is produced by combustion. Gas with these
where combustible compounds and soot become mixed, substances blow back and is mixed with engine oil.
then degradation inevitably occurs. Cause and effect of Thus oxidation of oil is accelerated. With diesel engines,
oil degradation are described below. which used diesel fuel with higher sulfur content than
gasoline, sulfur dioxide produced by combustion goes
(1) Effect of oxidation due to temperature changes through the ring belt area as blow-by gas, changes into
Oxidation of engine oil accelerates when oil is exposed SO3 after contacting the metal oxide. The absorbs water
to oxygen in the air at high temperatures. The speed of and becomes sulfuric acid it oxidizes the oil and
oxidation is faster with increase of temperature. accelerates cylinder wear.
Generally, the speed of oxidation is doubled at each
increase of 10 deg. C (50 deg. F) and the speed of
oxidation accelerated further after the temperature
reaches 150 deg. C (302 deg. F). The speed of
oxidation is also affected by the metal which contacts 4
engine oil and is the fastest when exposed copper-
based metals. 3
Oil oxidation differs in low temperature sections, in the

Wear ratio
bearing system and in high temperature sections such
as the ring grooves. 2
Specific oxidation conditions are described briefly below.
1
Oil temperature & oxidation process
0
Table 3 Below 125 deg. C (257 deg. F) 0.5 1.0 1.5
Engine parts Engine oil oxidation process Sulfur content (%)
Gradual oil oxidation - peroxide
Main bearing, generated - acid, (rich in extreme Figure 2 Effect of sulfur on wear
crank pin, oil pressure property) hydroxyl acid-
pan, etc. sludge generated polymerization,
rate of wear [4] ANALYSIS RESULTS AND
Table 4 125 to 200 deg. C (257 to 392 deg. F)
ENGINE OIL CHANGE INTERVALS
To determine proper engine oil change intervals, it is
Engine parts Engine oil oxidation process
necessary to study the results of engine oil analysis and
Substantial oil oxidation - Gluey internal smear characteristics and wear of engine parts.
Piston skirt,
deposits generated polymerization, It is not practical to over-haul an engine every time an
piston ring
rate of wear inspection is necessary. Generally, judgement of oil
change is based on the result of oil analysis and
Table 5 Above 200 deg. C (392 deg. F) experience.
Engine parts Engine oil oxidation process
Thermal cracking of oil and sludge 1) Viscosity
Piston ring,
light substance - combustion heavy Viscosity of oil increases as the oil oxidizes and as it
piston head
substance - soot and hard carbon mixes with incompletely burnt fuel by-products (soot
etc.). Since pressure loss is greater as oil volume
decreases improper or insufficient lubrication can result.
High viscosity of oil causes greater frictional resistance
which generates more heat. This can eventually cause
seizure of major parts such as cylinders, bearings etc.
and lead to serious problems.
Oil must be changed before viscosity increase is too
great.

5
(2) Total acid value
Oils in which additives are used have a certain acid
3. LUBRICATING OIL PUMP
value even when new. The acid value increases as the (1) Oil pump
oil itself becomes oxidized and contaminated by A trochoid pump is used to pump oil. It is compact and
combustion byproducts. driven by the crankshaft gear.
The acid value must be controlled to a 2 mg/KOH/g It also runs extremely smoothly and quietly.
increase from the value when new. The casing is made of an aluminum alloy and the rotor
Oil must be changed before acid number becomes too of a sintered steel alloy.
high.
(A) 4 Lobes inner rotor
(3) Alkalinity
Detergent and dispersing agents contained in engine (1)
oil have a weak alkalinity to neutralize combustion
byproducts (especially sulfuric acid in diesel engines)
and oil oxides. This alkalinity decreases gradually with
use term. By checking this decrease of alkalinity, you
can check the remaining level of detergent and
dispersing agents in the oil, which in turn is an accurate
indication of when to replace oil.
Generally certain allowances are made for exact (2)
replacement intervals but minimum alkalinity is usually
considered to be approximately 1.0 mg/KOH/g.

(4) Insoluble matter of solvent

The amount of sludge in engine oil is measured by the
percent of insoluble matter of solvent (weight %).
As shown in figure 3, N-pentane insoluble matter
includes oxidized compounds of fuel or oil, inorganic (3) (4)
matter such as dust and metal powder and soot.
Oxidized compounds of fuel or oil are considered the
reminder of N-pentane insoluble matter without (B) 10 Lobes inner rotor
insoluble benzene content, which is called the resin
matter. (1)

Insoluble Dirt, metal powder, fiber waste

benzene
content Soluble content

Soot, (2)
Oil Oil
carbon

N-pentane N-pentane soluble mater (4)

insoluble matter

Oxidized compounds (resin) from fuel

and lubricating oil
(3)
Figure 3

Generally, the limit of N-pentane insoluble matter (1) Inner rotor (3) Inlet port
should be within 2.0% and insoluble benzene content (2) Outer rotor (4) Outlet port
within 1.5%. Figure 4 Oil pump
Oil must be changed before sludge amount is too great.
See “OPERATOR’S MANUAL” for oil change intervals. The rotor has a precise clearance of 0.1 mm (0.0039
in) which requires very careful attention. Make
absolutely sure that no dirt or other foreign matter
enters into oil pump through the oil filter.

6
Oil pump specifications
Table 6 For SM series Table 12 For 09 series
Type Trochoid pump Type Trochoid pump
Inner rotor delivery 4 lobes Inner rotor delivery 10 lobes
volume (at oil pump 8.0 or 10 L/min volume (at engine 52.2 L/min
speed: 2000 rpm) 2.1 or 2.6 U.S. gal/min speed: 2000 rpm) 13.8 U.S. gal/min
Engine oil pressure 197 to 441 kPa Engine oil pressure 300 to 450 kPa
(at engine rated 2.00 to 4.50 kg/cm2 (at engine rated 3.06 to 4.58 kg/cm2
speed) 28.5 to 64.0 psi speed) 43.6 to 65.2 psi

Table 7 For 05 series except V1505-CR-TE5

Type Trochoid pump 4. LUBRICATING OIL FILTER
Inner rotor delivery 10 lobes Oil in the oil pan first passes through filter 1 and is then
volume (at engine 22.1 L/min suctioned by the oil pump. It then flows through filter 2
speed: 2000 rpm) 5.84 U.S gal/min lubricating the various parts.
Engine oil pressure 197 to 441 kPa Oil filter 1 is installed near the bottom of the oil pan and
(at engine rated 2.00 to 4.50 kg/cm2 removes dirt and foreign matter.
speed) 28.5 to 64.0 psi

Table 8 For V1505-CR-TE5 model

Type Trochoid pump
Inner rotor delivery 9 lobes
volume (at engine 32.8 L/min
speed: 2000 rpm) 8.66 U.S gal/min
Engine oil pressure 196 to 539 kPa (1)
(at engine rated 2.00 to 5.49 kg/cm2
speed) 28.5 to 78.1 psi
(2)

Table 9 For 03 series (3)

Type Trochoid pump
(1) Oil pan (3) Drain plug
Inner rotor delivery 4 lobes
volume (at oil pump 24.3 or 27.2 L/min
(2) Oil filter 1
speed: 2000 rpm) 6.42 or 7.19 U.S. gal/min Figure 5 Oil filter 1

Engine oil pressure 294 to 441 kPa Oil filter 2 is installed under the gear case on the side
(at engine rated 3.00 to 4.50 kg/cm2 of gear case and is a standard full-flow type cartridge
speed) 42.7 to 64.0 psi
which requires minimum maintenance.

Table 10 For 07 series (1)

Trochoid pump (2)
Type
V2607 V3307
Inner rotor delivery 10 lobes 10 lobes
volume (at engine 36.5 L/min 45.6 L/min
speed: 2000 rpm) 9.64 U.S. gal/min 12.0 U.S. gal/min
Engine oil pressure 245 to 441 kPa 196 to 392 kPa
(at engine rated 2.50 to 4.50 kg/cm2 2.00 to 4.00 kg/cm2
speed) 35.6 to 64.0 psi 28.4 to 56.9 psi

Table 11 For V3 series

Type Trochoid pump
Inner rotor delivery 10 lobes
volume (at engine 45.6 L/min
(4)
(3)
speed: 2000 rpm) 12.0 U.S. gal/min
Engine oil pressure 196 to 392 kPa (1) Oil filter 2 (Oil filter cartridge) (3) Relief valve
(at engine rated 2.00 to 4.00 kg/cm2
(2) Gear case (4) By-pass valve
speed) 28.4 to 56.9 psi
Figure 6 Oil filter 2

7
● Function of valves and switches
Relief valve
Maintains lubricating oil pressure at constant value
adjusted to maintain pressure of 200 to 440 kPa (2.0 to
4.5 kg/cm2, 28 to 64 psi). Oil gauge

By-pass valve
By-pass valve is built into oil filter 2, if the filter becomes
clogged, insufficient lubrication will result. To prevent
this, the by-pass valve opens when the pressure
difference before and after the filter exceeds 98 kPa
(1.0 kg/cm2, 14 psi) to provide oil to engine parts.
Oil pan
Oil switch
An oil switch is fitted at the camshaft bearing. If oil
pressure drops below 49 to 98 kPa (0.5 to 1.0 kg/ cm 2,
7.1 to 14 psi)*4 a lamp connected to the switch lights up,
advising the operator to stop engine and investigate the Oil filter 1 Drain plug
cause of the pressure drop.
Figure 7 Oil gauge
*4: These will vary slightly according to model.

● Remote oil filter 6. OIL SUPPLY PORT

When remote oil filter is used, the oil pressure at idling Oil is supplied to the engine through the oil supply port
is as follows. located on top of the cylinder head cover or on the gear
98 kPa (1.0 kg/cm2, 14 psi) or more case or crankcase.
[Oil temperature: 90 to 95 deg. C (194 to 203 deg. F)] Oil flows through cylinder head and crankcase or gear
case to the oil pan. This oil supply port should be easily
accessible for servicing, even after the engine has been
5. OIL PAN installed.
The oil pan holds a specified volume of oil, which is Care must be taken to decide the position of oil supply
drawn up by the pump during operation and returns port so that the oil can be easily supplied to the piping
along the inside walls of the crankcase. installed on the machine.
This flow cycle is repeated continuously as the engine
runs.
The oil drain is located according to how the engine is 7. CLOSED BREATHER
installed and positioned for easy access for special Closed breather system has been adopted to prevent
drain requirements. the release of blow-by gas into the atmosphere.
After its oil content is filtered by oil shield (3), the blow-
Oil gauge (Dipstick) by gas is fed back to the intake manifold through
The standard oil gauge is installed on the side of breather valve (1) to be used for re-combustion.
crankcase. The part which is inserted is made of rubber,
which is grooved to release internal pressure during
insertion. The oil gauge is stamped with lines indicating (1)
upper and lower limits. If oil is supplied far above the
top limit, engine output will be reduced and oil
(2)
temperature will be increased, so watch this point (5)
carefully.
Proper oil level is not indicated for a few minutes after
the engine is stopped because of the time required for
oil to return to the oil pan. Oil level must be measured (3)
in level position.
(4)

(1) Breather valve (4) Rubber packing

(2) Cylinder head cover (5) Breather hose
(3) Oil shield
Figure 8 Closed breather system

8
REVISION HISTORY
File Name Remarks Date
KORD3_16-055_5_lubrication_system.pdf New release Jun. 8, 2016
KORD3_21-045_
Add V1505-CR-TE5 model Apr. 16, 2021
Lubrication_system_for_CI_engine.pdf
KORD3_22-206_
Add 09 series specification Jun. 29, 2022
Lubrication_system_for_CI_engine.pdf