Holistic and Alternative Healing Techniques (Tanvi)

MCQ, preparatory exam

Date: 17th July 2023

UNIT- 1 Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Healing.

Definition Complementary and alternative medicine.
Domain of CAM.
Holistic approach to health and Healing.
Harmony and Balance in Medicine.
Body-Mind and Universal Wholeness.
Mind as a healer.
Indian Traditional Healing Techniques.
Difference between modern and traditional methods.
Advantages of CAM

UNIT- 2 Theoretical basis of Yoga.- 4 yogs, 4 padas, ashtanga yoga,3 nadis

Meaning and aims of yoga.
Metapsychology of yoga.
Patanjali’s yoga sutra.
Astangayoga- stages of yoga, nadis and cakras, asanas, concept of Prana.
Pranayama.
Psychophysiological effects of asanas and pranayama.

UNIT- 3 Reiki and Acupressure – history, symbols, chakras, effects, usage of reiki, pranic healing, bioplasmic body, types of
pranas, steps, diff. chakras in reiki and pranic healing
techniques od acupressure, role of meridians in acupressure
Reiki healing.
Similarities and differences between reiki and Pranic healing.
Reiki and body energy.
Levels of Reiki.
How does Reiki work?
Reiki and Chakras
Benefits of Balanced Chakras
Distance healing, Reiki Symbols.
Application of Reiki in different conditions
Acupressure, critical points, relief points
Acupressure for treating different conditions/ ailments, and for maintaining health.

UNIT- 4 Other techniques of healing- originate, 1-2 laws from ppt

6-7 principles of naturopathy, what is naturopathy
Meditation- psychophysiological effects, Silva method, Transcendental meditation, Osho View.
Ayurvedic remedies for common ailments
Prevention through ayurvedic
Basics of Homeopathy and Naturopathy

UNIT- 5 Application in the field of Psychology

Applications of yoga, reiki, pranic healing, calm mind through meditation and other alternate methods in the field of psychology.
 Date: 18th July 2023

Healing- emotional and mental

Recovery- physical

HOLISTIC WELLNESS

o emotional wellness
o physical wellness
o spiritual wellness
o occupational wellness
o social wellness
o environmental wellness
o intellectual wellness

Definition
The WHO defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity’

This is consistent with the biopsychosocial model of health, which considers physiological, psychological and social factors in
health and illness, and interactions between these factors.

A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as
well as physical capacities.

Healing is defined as the process of making or becoming sound or healthy again.

Holistic Approach: Characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into the account mental and social factors, rather
than just the symptoms of a disease. It differs from the traditional medical model, which defines health as the absence of illness
or disease and emphasizes the role of clinical diagnosis and intervention.

Wellbeing refers to a positive rather than neutral state, framing health as a positive aspiration.
Describes Health as ‘a resource for everyday life, not the object of living.’
From this perspective health is a means to living well, which highlights the link b/w health and participation of the society.

Date: 19th July 2023

Assignment H/W
1.History of holistic?
2. Why the need for holistic practice in today's life?
(submitted)

Date: 20/07/2023

- Relationship between Mental health and Physical health

- Single continuum(you can either be fine or sick) and Dual Continuum (if you are sick, you can gradually heal)

- Subjective wellbeing and Objective wellbeing (basic needs- food quality, shelter, water, etc.)
 - The relationship b/w mental health & wellbeing

- HEALTH (definition according to WHO)

- Physical Health- organs, body, BMI, physical disability (visual impairment, etc), diet.
- Mental Health- thoughts and beliefs (avoiding negative
- Emotional Health- emotions and outcome of your emotions (anger and understanding the control over anger)
- Social Health- social friends and colleagues (maintaining harmony among your friends, balancing and maintaining
positive relationship)
- Spiritual Health- being positive and optimistic, contributing to society, connecting with others, feeling a sense of
belonging and practicing self-care.

Physical health

- A person who has good physical health is likely to have bodily functions and processes working at their peak.
- This is not only due not only to an absence of disease. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest all
contribute to good health. People receive medical treatment to maintain the balance, when necessary.
- Physical well-being involves pursuing a healthful lifestyle to decrease the risk of disease. Maintaining physical fitness, for
example, can protect and develop the endurance of a person’s breathing and heart function, muscular strength,
flexibility, and body composition.

Date: 24/07/23

HEALING- Definitions
Making Healing as important as Curing (4 Phases)

- INTERNAL- Healing intention- Personal Wholeness

- INTERPERSONAL- Healing Relationships- Healing organizations
- BEHAVIOURAL- Healthy Lifestyle- Integrative care
- EXTERNAL- Healing spaces- Ecological resilience

Holistic medicine practitioners believe that the whole person is made up of interdependent parts and if one part is not working
properly, all other parts will be affected. In this way, if people have imbalance (physical, emotional, or spiritual) in their lives, it
can negatively affect their overall health.

A holistic doctor may use all forms of health care, from conventional medication to alternative therapies, to treat a patient. For
example, when a person suffering from migraine headaches pays a visit to a holistic doctor, instead of walking out solely with
medications, the doctor will likely take a look at all the potential factors that may be causing the person's headaches, such as
other health problems, diet and sleep habits, stress and personal problems, and preferred spiritual practices.

The treatment plan may involve drugs to relieve symptoms, but also lifestyle modifications to prevent headaches from recurring.

Principles of Holistic Medicine

- Holistic medicine is also based on the belief that unconditional love and support is the most powerful healer and a
person is ultimately responsible for their own health and wellbeing
- All people have innate healing powers
- The patient is a person, not a disease.
- Healing takes a team approach involving the patient and doctor, and addresses all aspects of a person’s life using a
variety of health care practices.
- Treatment involves fixing the cause of the condition, not the symptoms.

Holistic Medicine: Types of treatment

- Holistic practitioners focus on variety of treatment techniques to help their patients

- Patient education on lifestyle changes, self-care- diet, exercise, psychotherapy, relationship, and spiritual counselling,
and more.
 - Complementary and alternative therapies- acupuncture, chiropractic care, homeopathy, massage therapy, naturopathy,
and other
- Western medications and Surgery procedures

Date: 25/07/2023

Definition of Mind-Body

- The mind consists of mental states such as thoughts, emotions, beliefs, attitudes, and images. The brain is the hardware
that allows us to experience these mental states.
- Mental states can be fully conscious or unconscious. We can have emotional reactions to situations without being aware
of why we are reacting.

MIND-BODY connection: A Philosophical Take

Two main approaches within the philosophy of mind theorize about the mind-body connection by placing their attention in some
of the statements

- MONOLISM
This approach posits that there is only one reality, composed only of either physical or non-physical substance.
- Physicalism
This view assumes that everything existing is physical, including the mind. Here, the mind-body interaction is
acknowledged only in the physical plane.
This is often related to traditional science, which tends to explain mental phenomena in terms of brain activities.
 - Idealism
Using a metaphysical perspective, this standpoint sustains that reality in non-physical, and everything is either a mind or
depends of the mind to exist.
In other words, this view proposes that reality depends on how our minds perceive and make sense of the world.
- DUALISM

- NON- DUALISM: Beyond the mind-body problem

Dewey’s Principle of Continuity

Date: 27/07/2023

HARMONY AND BALANCE

BALANCE AND HARMONY (B/H) are needed across the areas of human functioning.

The contention is the Balance and Harmony are at the heart of wellbeing with Balance, Harmony, and wellbeing both being
‘compositional’ phenomena.
Although Balance and Harmony will often be being referred as ‘a principle’, it actually constitutes a cluster of conceptually-
related dynamics; similarly, wellbeing encompasses all the ways one might hope to do or be well.
Principles of Harmony and Balance include the following:

- Optimal health
Optimal health is the primary goal. It is the conscious pursuit of the highest level of functioning and balance of the
physical, environmental, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of human experience, resulting in a dynamic
state of being fully alive. This creates a condition of well-being regardless of the presence or absence of disease or other
life challenges.
- The healing power of love (love is the powerful healer)
Health care practitioners strive to meet the client with grace, kindness, acceptance, and spirit without conditions,
emanating from the awareness that love is life's most powerful healer.
- Whole person (not looking one perspective of a person- view people as the unity of body, mind, spirit and the systems
in which they live.)
Health and wellness practitioners view people as the unity of body, mind, spirit and the systems in which they live.
- Innate healing power (individual have their own healing powers in their bodies, minds, and spirits)
All people have innate powers of healing in their bodies, minds and spirits. Health and wellness practitioners evoke,
educate and help clients utilize these powers to affect the healing process.
- Prevention and Treatment (promoting health, prevent illness and help raise awareness of disease and healthy life styles
rather than merely managing symptoms.)
Health and wellness practitioners promote health, prevent illness and help raise awareness of dis-ease and healthy life
styles rather than merely managing symptoms. A holistic approach relieves symptoms, modifies contributing factors,
and enhances the client's life system to optimize future well-being.
- Integration of healing systems
Health and wellness practitioners embrace a lifetime of learning about all safe and effective options in diagnosis and
treatment. These options come from a variety of traditions, and are selected in order to best meet the unique needs of
the patient. The realm of choices may include lifestyle modification and complementary approaches as well as
conventional drugs and surgery.
- Relationship-centred care
The ideal practitioner-client relationship is a partnership which encourages client autonomy, and values the needs and
insights of both parties. The quality of this relationship is an essential contributor to the healing process.
- Learning opportunities (practitioner-client relationship is a partnership which encourages client autonomy, and values
the needs and insights of both parties.
All life experiences including birth, joy, suffering and the dying process are profound learning opportunities for both
clients and health and wellness practitioners.

4 PHASES OF BALANCE AND HARMONY

- Affective Balance and Harmony

AFFECT BALANCE- An optimal ratio of positive to negative
affect (mostly but not only positive emotions)
EMOTIONAL EQUANIMITY- “Neutral” emotions (i.e.,
Minimal positive or negative affect) that are nevertheless
tilted towards positivity (i.e., Low arousal positive affect).
EMOTIONAL EQUILIBRIUM- Emotional homeostasis,
involving a capacity or tendency to swiftly return from
either negative or positive affect to a neutral baseline.
PLEASURE-PAIN BALANCE- The need for at least some pain
sensitivity (e.g. for learning, protection and behavioural
regulation)
MATURE HAPPINESS- existential insight that personal development and fulfilment may involve experiences of suffering
 EMOTIONAL COMPLEXITY- diverse and well differentiated emotions, ideally in harmony (rather in fragmentation or
tension)

- Cognitive balance and harmony conative balance

An optimal motivational balance (i.e avoiding apathy and obsession)
EGO RESILIENCY- an optimal balance of ego control, avoiding excessive expression (under- control) or inhibition (over
control) or affect and impulse
e.g- a partner who is overly obsessed and enters your personal space; another partner who don’t care at all.
HARMONIOUS PASSION- interests and desires that are well-integrated with other aspects of life (rather than obsessive)

Date: 28/07/2023

ATTENTIONAL BALANCE: Avoiding attentional deficit (inability to focus) and hyperactivity (the mind excessively aroused
or distracted), such as in mindfulness.
COGNITIVE BALANCE: Adaptive engagement with reality, avoiding lack of engagement (absent-minded or inattentive)
and over-engagement (imposing biases and projections).
FLOW: Absorption arising from a balance between task demands and capacity to manage (i.E., Being neither too easy
nor too difficult).
AFFECTIVE BALANCE: Ability to skillfully self-regulate the various forms of affect balance above.

- Behavioural Balance and harmony character

With any given quality (e.g Courage), finding the golden mean between deficiency (eg. Cowardice) and excess (eg.
Rashness) and moreover Harmonizing multiple virtues.
LIFESTYLE BALANCE: A harmonious, integrated mix of different activities including good work-life balance.
ENERGY BALANCE-RELATED BEHAVIORS: An optimal balance of rest and activity (e.g., Avoiding insufficient and excessive
sleep).
Exercise Balance and Harmony
Avoiding under-and over-exertion, and doing a harmonious mix of endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance activities.
DIETERY BALANCE AND HARMONY- Avoiding under- and over- eating particular foods (and food in general) and having
an overall harmonious blend of nutritional elements)
BODILY HOMEOSTASIS- self regulation of processes (eg. The immune or cardiovascular system) within healthy bounds,
ideally avoiding under- (hypo) or over- active (hyper).

- Self-other balance and harmony self-in control

Avoiding extremes of individualism (isolation and social fragmentation) and collectivism (totalitarian denial of agency)
RELATIONSHIP HARMONY- A dynamic balancing act of give-and-take across different domains.
INTERACTIONAL RECIPROCITY- fairness in interpersonal interactions (eg. As per game theory)
SOCIETAL HARMONY- many people co-existing peacefully and interacting productivity.
ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE AND HARMONY- Humans developing sustainable modes of relationship with nature, and
the environment itself flourishing.

Date: 31/07/2023

Indian Traditional Healing Techniques

- Traditional Indian medicine is one of the oldest medical sciences in the world. Ayurveda, the most widely used system in
traditional Indian Medicine, emphasizes holistic medicine, which takes the body, mind, and spirit as a whole. It is based
on the principle that human beings achieve physical, mental, and emotional health through harmonious with nature.
- The basic theories of Indian medicine are the five elements theory and the three humoralisms theory. The five elements
theory is a natural philosophy in Vedic culture that is used in medicine to explain human philosophy. The five elements
theory holds that everything in the world is composed of five basic elements Prithvi (earth), Jala (water), Agni (fire),
Vayu (air), Akasha (sky) that supplement the corresponding elements in the human body after being injected.
- According to the three humoralisms theory, there are three kinds of humoralisms (Tridosha) gas (Vata), bile (Pitta), and
mucus (Kapha) the balance of which determines the health and disease status of the human body.
- Disease is caused by internal and external factors leading to an imbalance of the three humoralisms and the treatment
is to restore their balance by means of medicine and diet therapy.
- From about 1500 BC to 1000 BC, Ayurvedic medicine, as one of the four Upavedas (supplements and deductions of
Vedas), was gradually divided into two schools the Atreya Inner Medicine School and Dhanvantari Surgery School.
 - In early 100 BC, scholars in these 2 categories wrote 2 major books on Ayurveda medicine
1. Caraka Samhita
2. Sushrut Samhita
- Around AD 500, the third important Ayurveda medical work, Astanga Hridaya Samhita, was published, which integrated
the views of two medical schools of Ayurveda. From AD 500 to AD 1900, a total of 16 important drug monographs were
published one by one as supplements to Ayurveda’s medical classics.

YAJUR-
VEDA

DHANWANTAR
RIG-VEDA I NIGHANTU

Ancient
Indian
Medicinal
Manuscript
ATHARVA CHARAK
VEDA SAMHITA

SUSHRUTA
SAMHITA

Ayurveda
(900-800
BCE)

Siddha Homeo-
(800-700 INDIAN pathy
BCE)
SYSTEM OF (1850 CE)

MEDICINE
(ISM)
Unani Yoga and
(460-377 Naturo-
BCE) pathy

Date: 01/08/2023

AYURVEDA (conventional system of healthcare having its origin from the vedas which was documented approx. 5000 years ago.)

Acc. to the Ayurveda, health is considered as a basic precondition for achieving the objectives of life

- DHARMA (duties)
- ARTH (finance)
- KARMA (action)
- MOKSHA (salvation)
7 fundamental tissues

- Rasa (blood plasma)

- Rakta (Blood tissue)
- Mamsa (muscle)
- Meda (fat)
- Ashti (bone)
- Majja (bone marrow)
- Shukra (reproductive fluid)

5 fundamental components- air, ether, fire, water, earth

3 dynamic elements

- Vata- air and ether

- Pitta- fire and water
- Kapha- water and earth

YOGA
UNANI – developed in Greece

- The Unani System of Medicine developed in Greece and laid its foundation in India during the medieval period.
- The Humoral theory acts as the base of Unani system of medicine.
- The personality of a person may vary in accordance with being sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic.
- This depends on the presence and amalgamation of humors. Therefore, any changes in the humors lead to the change
in the human body causing its ailments.
- The Unani system of medicine was pioneered in Greece, and it was urbanized by Arabs into an elegant medical science
established on the framework of the Greek philosopher and physician Hippocrates (460–377 BCE); Hippocrates (Buqrat)
and Galen (Jalinoos).
- Greek and Arab scholars such as Galen (131–212 CE), Raazes (850–925 CE), and Avicenna (980–1037 CE) enhanced the
system significantly and is known as Greco-Arab Medicine.
- Unani practice of medicine is built on the four conditions of living such as hot, sodden, frosty, and dry and four humors
of Hippocratic hypothesis, namely, blood, yellow bile, dark bile, and mucus.
- Unani solution of medicine was mixed with the Indian culture in Mughal Emperors and is utilized by an extensive
segment of the population in India.

- Unani views the human body as made up of 7 standards

o Mizij (temperaments)
o Anza (organs)
o Quo (resources)
o Arkan (components)
o Arawh (spirits)
o Aklath (humors)
o Afal (capacities)

SIDDHARS
18 Siddhars

1. Thiromoolar 10. Karuvoorar

2. Ahappe 11. Nandi Devar
3. Agathiyar 12. Idaikkadar
4. Sunthara Anathar 13. Iraamathevar
5. Bogar 14. Sattamuni
6. Machchamuni 15. Kuthampai
7. Konganar 16. Paampaati
8. Korakkar 17. Aluhanna
9. Therayar 18. Kahapusundar

Siddha system of medicine also reflects human body as an accumulation of 7 basic elements, 3 humors and the discarded
products.
The physical, psychological, moral, and intellectual components describe 96 principal constituents of a human being.

HOMEOPATHY
NATUROPATHY is a natural healing method or procedure of using the healing powers of nature. The belief of Naturopathy is that
the accrual of toxins is the pivotal cause of all diseases in the human body. Prevention and elimination of toxins is the route to
health. Treatments are based on the 5 major components of nature that have enormous healing properties. There is no role of
interior medications in the nature cure system.
- Naturopathy is a particular type of essential drugs that balances age-old healing traditions with logical progress and
current research. Naturopathy is guided by an interesting arrangement of the rule that perceives the body’s inborn
healing capacity, emphasizes disease prevention, and urges singular responsibility to get ideal well-being. Naturopathic
hypothesis, the disease is seen as a procedure of disturbance to well-being and consequent recovery with regard to
natural healing systems.

SOWA-RIG-PA (Bodh-Kyi) means ‘science of healing’ and the practitioners of this medicine are known as Amchi. It is believed to
have its origin in India. Sowa-Rig-pa is a science, art and philosophy that provide a holistic approach to health care on the basis of
a principled understanding of the body and its relationship to the environment. For treatment of health problems, the system
makes use of herbs, minerals, animal products, spring and mineral water, mysticism and spiritual power.
FUTURE OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE

- According to a WHO survey, 80% of the world’s population is optimistic about the development of traditional medicine
and is willing to try herbal medicine as their main healthcare drug.
- India has rich herbal plant resources, with more than 3000 types of medicinal plants, and more than 6000 types of
herbs are used by people, accounting for about 75% of developing countries herbal species; more than 1000 factories
produce traditional herbs.
- Coupled with Indian medicine’s thousands of years of clinical experience in using herbal medicine, this gives the
country the opportunity to become the world’s largest herbal manufacturer.
- Indian medicine has a good background of scientific support and has been recognized by recent research. However, the
promotion of herbal medicine still faces many challenges, mainly in developed countries.
- Before promoting traditional herbal medicine knowledge around the world, the following problems need to be
overcome:
i. The identification and quality of medicinal materials are important obstacles affecting the promotion of traditional
Indian medicine. For example, the phenomenon of “different things with the same name,” or “different names for the
same thing,” is common. There is little talent with professional identification knowledge and experience, the content of
mold and heavy metals in herbal medicine exceeds standards, and herbal medicine is often adulterated and
deteriorated.
ii. Ayurveda doctors do not attach great importance to the side effects of herbs. Although the occurrence and severity of
side effects of herbs are far lower than those of synthetic drugs, they cannot be ignored.
iii. Due to the government’s neglect of supervision, the area of habitats suitable for the growth of herbal medicines is
decreasing. The unscrupulous exploitation of wild medicinal plants by pharmaceutical factories has adversely affected
India’s pharmaceutical resources, and Some rare medicinal resources are on the verge of extinction.

Many herbal medicines in India are not produced and sold in accordance with international market norms, which is another
reason they are unable to enter developed Western countries.

Date: 02/08/2023
Traditional medicine is a medicine that has been used for the treatment for decades using specific theories, beliefs, knowledge,
skill, and cultural traditions.
Acc. to WHO, traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and
experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health, as well as in the
prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.

medicinal use
BARK ROOTS BULB whole plant
leaves and stems tubers combination of parts

3%
6%

10% 27%

13%

14%
27%

 Modern medicine is also called the alternative medicine because it was established as an alternative to the traditional
medicine ways and beliefs.
  Modern medicine was invented to have standardized medicines after testing some specific medicines for some specific
patients having some specific symptoms.
 It has been developing over the years after calculating and recording the data by practicing them on real time patients
and now we eventually have a huge database of alternative medicine that has a predefined set of symptoms and its
medicines along with the dosages to provide an instant relief.
 Furthermore, it is not just about tablets and syrups. There have been developed some modern physical therapies after
years of practice and calculation. For example, Acupuncture, Chiropractic and other energy boosting therapies have
been invented after years of progression from traditional to modern medicine.

MOST COMMON MODERN MEDICINES

- Modern medicine- Most common forms
1. Allopathy
Allopathic medicine is another form of conventional, or modern Western medicine.
Allopathy originates from the Greek ‘allos’, which means other, and ‘pathia’ means ‘suffer’
- instant relief

2. Chemotherapy
- Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. This type of cancer treatment works by keeping cancer
cells from growing, dividing, and making more cells.
- Chemotherapy is a systemic medication. This means it travels through the bloodstream and reaches all parts of the
body.
- There are many different kinds of chemotherapy. In general, drugs used for chemotherapy are powerful chemicals
that treat cancer by attacking cells during specific parts of the cell cycle. All cells go through the cell cycle, which is
how new cells are made.
- Cancer cells go through this process faster than normal cells, so chemotherapy has more of an effect on these fast-
growing cells.
- Because chemotherapy travels through the whole body, it can also damage healthy cells as they go through their
normal cell cycle. This is why chemotherapy can cause side effects like hair loss and nausea.

- CHEMOTHERAPY MAY BE GIVEN IN SEVERAL DIFF> WAYs

 3. Radiation Therapy

- external beam radiation therapy

- internal radiation therapy

External beam radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) are two primary approaches to
delivering radiation to cancerous cells. External beam radiation is non-invasive, with high-energy beams targeted
from outside the body over several weeks. Brachytherapy involves placing a radiation source inside or near the
tumor, delivering a high dose directly to the cancer while sparing healthy tissue. The choice between these
methods depends on cancer type, location, and other factors, often used in conjunction with other treatments for
optimal results.

4. Vaccines
Vaccines are essential tools in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. There are several types of vaccines,
each with its unique characteristics and mechanisms of action.
- Inactivated Vaccines:
Contain killed or inactivated forms of the pathogen.
They cannot cause the disease but stimulate an immune response.
Examples include the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and the hepatitis A vaccine.
- Live-Attenuated Vaccines:
Contain weakened, but still live, forms of the pathogen.
They closely mimic natural infection and often provide long-lasting immunity.
Examples include the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the oral polio vaccine (OPV).
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccines:
Utilize a small piece of the pathogen's mRNA to instruct cells to produce a harmless protein from the pathogen.
The immune system recognizes the protein and generates a response.
Examples include the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.
- Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, and Conjugate Vaccines:
Contain pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins or sugars, rather than the whole organism.
They are safer but may require booster shots to maintain immunity.
Examples include the hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant), the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
(conjugate), and the pneumococcal vaccine (polysaccharide and conjugate versions).
- Toxoid Vaccines:
Target the toxins produced by certain bacteria.
They generate immunity against the harmful effects of these toxins
Examples include the tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.
- Viral Vector Vaccines:
Use a harmless virus to deliver genetic material from the pathogen.
The host's cells produce the pathogen's antigen, stimulating an immune response.
Examples include the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, which uses an adenovirus vector.

Definition Traditional medicine encompasses a broad range Modern medicine, also known as allopathic or
of healing practices and approaches that have been Western medicine, refers to the conventional medical
developed over generations, often based on practices widely accepted in contemporary healthcare.
cultural or historical knowledge. These practices It is evidence-based and relies on scientifically tested
may include herbal remedies, acupuncture, and regulated pharmaceuticals, surgical procedures,
traditional healing rituals, and other non- and diagnostic techniques.
conventional treatments.
 How they Often focuses on holistic approaches that consider Typically relies on standardized treatments based on
work on an an individual's physical, mental, and spiritual well- scientific research and clinical trials. It aims to treat
Individual being. Treatments may be individualized based on specific diseases or conditions with pharmaceuticals,
traditional knowledge and the practitioner's medical procedures, or surgical interventions.
assessment.
Dosage Dosage _ Dosages in traditional medicine can vary Modern medicine provides precise dosages for
widely and are often not as precisely standardized pharmaceuticals, medical treatments, and surgical
as in modern medicine. They may involve the use procedures, following strict guidelines and
of herbal remedies, dietary changes, or lifestyle regulations.
adjustments.
Techniques Techniques in traditional medicine can be diverse, Modern medicine employs well-established and
including herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping standardized techniques such as surgery, medication,
therapy, massage, and meditation, among others. chemotherapy, radiation therapy, vaccinations, and
These techniques often rely on traditional advanced diagnostic imaging, among others.
knowledge and may vary across cultures.
Research Traditional medicine is often rooted in cultural or Modern medicine is grounded in rigorous scientific
historical practices and may lack extensive scientific research and evidence-based practices. Medical
research. Some aspects have been studied for their treatments, drugs, and procedures are thoroughly
potential health benefits, but many practices tested in clinical trials and continuously updated
remain unproven. based on the latest research findings.
Side effects seem to have zero side effects because they won’t more effective but they may have some side effects
have any chemical interaction and they are purely too due to their fixed dosage quantities and a specific
made from herbs and natural practices that won’t chemical formula.
just cure the specific symptoms but they make a (Provides us our desired medications in our required
whole body in its healthy condition. dose instantly)
(requires hit and trial plus it is a passive treatment
with no assurance of the effectiveness)

Imp. Ques

- define mental health and physical

health – also their relationship
- 5 types of health
- healing models
- 4-5 definition of healing- remember
any 2
- diff. types of theories
- harmony and balance along with
chart
- principles of holistic practitioners
- Indian traditional techniques
- traditional and modern methods,
and also their differences
Date: 03/08/2023
MODULE 2- yoga
JNANA YOGA- knowledge
-First of the four classical paths for moksha in Hinduism, which emphasizes the “path of knowledge”, also known as the “path of
self-realization”.
- the other three are karma yoga, dhyaan yoga, and bhakti yoga.
- Jnana yoga consists of 3 practices:
Sravana (hearing)
Manana (thinking)
Nididhyasana (meditation)
Bhakti Yoga- devotion
Karma Yoga-
Raja Yoga-
Samadhi- final stage (highest of the eight limbs of yoga)
- a state of profound and utterly absorptive contemplation of the Absolute that is undisturbed by desire, anger, or any other ego-
generated thought or emotion.
- It is a state of joyful calm, or even of rapture and beatitude, in which one maintains one’s full mental alertness and acuity.

Yoga is a holistic and ancient practice that originated in India. It encompasses various physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines
aimed at promoting overall well-being and self-realization. There are several types or paths of yoga, each with its own focus
and approach. Here's an overview of yoga and the four main types:
Yoga:
Definition: Yoga is a comprehensive practice that seeks to unite the body, mind, and spirit. It encompasses physical postures
(asanas), breathing exercises (pranayama), meditation, ethical guidelines (yamas and niyamas), and more. The ultimate goal of
yoga is self-realization and inner peace.
Jnana Yoga:
Definition: Jnana yoga is the path of knowledge and wisdom. It involves self-inquiry, critical thinking, and the study of sacred
texts to gain a deep understanding of the self and the universe.
Focus: The primary focus is on self-realization through the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom.
Practices: Meditation, contemplation, self-reflection, and the study of philosophical texts.
Bhakti Yoga:
Definition: Bhakti yoga is the path of devotion and love. It involves a deep emotional and devotional connection to a higher
power or the divine.
Focus: The primary focus is on developing an intense and loving devotion to the divine.
Practices: Prayer, chanting, singing, and various forms of devotion and worship.
Karma Yoga:
Definition: Karma yoga is the path of selfless action. It emphasizes performing one's duties and actions without attachment to
the results and without selfish motives.
Focus: The primary focus is on selfless service, contributing to the greater good, and spiritual growth through action.
Practices: Volunteering, acts of kindness, and serving others without expectation of personal gain.
Raja Yoga:
Definition: Raja yoga is often referred to as the "royal path" and is focused on meditation and control of the mind. It aims to
calm the mind and achieve spiritual enlightenment through mental discipline.
Focus: The primary focus is on achieving a state of mental control and inner peace through meditation and concentration.
Practices: Meditation, breath control (pranayama), and mind training techniques.

These four paths of yoga are not mutually exclusive, and individuals may find elements of each in their personal practice. The
choice of the path of yoga depends on an individual's temperament, inclinations, and spiritual goals. Many people also practice
Hatha yoga, which is primarily a physical form of yoga that incorporates postures and breath control and serves as a foundation
for the deeper yogic paths.
AIMS OF YOGA

- The practice of yoga aims at overcoming the limitations of the body.

- Yoga teaches us that the goal of every individual’s life is to take the inner journey to the soul. Yoga offers both the
goal and the means to reach it.
- When there is perfect harmony between body and mind, we achieve self-realization.
- Yoga teaches us that obstacles in the path of our self-realization indicate themselves in physical or mental
indisposition.
- When our physical state is not perfect, this causes an imbalance in our mental state, which is known in Sanskrit as
chittavritti. The practice of yoga helps us to overcome that imbalance.
- Yogic asanas, or poses, can cure vyadhi or physical ailments, and redress angamejayatva or unsteadiness in the
body.
- Shvasaprashvasa, which translates as “uneven respiration”—an indication of stress—is alleviated by the practice of
yoga
 - The primary aim of yoga is to restore the mind to simplicity, peace, and poise, to free it from confusion and distress.
This simplicity, this sense of order and calm, comes from the practice of asanas and pranayama.
- Yoga asanas integrate the body, the mind, the intelligence, and, finally, the self, in four stages.
- The first stage, arambhavastha, is one in which we practice at the level of the physical body.
- The second stage is ghatavastha, when the mind learns to move in unison with the body.
- The third level of parichayavastha occurs when the intelligence and the body become one.
- The final stage is nishpattyavastha, the state of perfection. Spiritual awareness flows into the student of yoga
through these stages. Duhkha, which is misery or pain, vanishes, and the art of living in simplicity and peace is
realized.
- The impact of yoga is never purely physical. Asanas, if correctly practiced, bridge the divide between the physical
and the mental spheres. Yoga stems the feelings of pain, fatigue, doubt, confusion, indifference, laziness, self-
delusion, and despair that assail us from time to time.
- The yogic mind simply refuses to accept such negative emotions and seeks to overcome these turbulent currents on
the voyage to the total liberation of the self.
- Once we become sincere practitioners of yoga, we cease to be tormented by these unhappy and discouraging
states of mind.
- Yoga illuminates your life. If you practice sincerely, with seriousness and honesty, its light will spread to all aspects
of your life. Regular practice will bring you to look at yourself and your goals in a new light.
- It will help remove the obstacles to good health and stable emotions. In this way, yoga will help you to achieve
emancipation and self-realization, which is the ultimate goal of every person’s life.

Date: 07/08/2023
PATANJALI’S YOGASUTRA

- One of the greatest minds of human history is the sage Maharishi Patanjali, the codifier of the Yoga Darshana (a
reverential view of the highest reality through the art and science of Yoga).
- The Patanjala Yoga Sutra consists of short Sutras that run together as if they were making up a garland of pearls on a
string.
- This unique method common to the oral tradition of Yoga helps us grasp the intricacies of Yoga, this greatest science of
inner experience that has been defined by Yogamaharishi Dr. Swami Gitananda Giri as the ‘mother of all sciences.’
- The Sutras were always kept short as they were intended to be learnt, memorized and chanted with reverence and
understanding in order to facilitate the development of a deep sense of quiet, inner contemplation.
- The Yoga Sutras are an efficient tool to help the sincere Sadhaka remember and understand the subtleties of the great
art and science of Yoga and were NEVER meant to be a mere instruction manual.
- The 195/196 Sutras are arranged in a logical form and placed into four Padas

- 4 PADAS (any 1 can come for exam)

- 1. SAMADHI PADA: This chapter is an exploration of the different aspects of Samadhi and gives us a clue about the
process of introspective contemplation.
- 2. SADHANA PADA: This chapter lays out the path of Yoga Sadhana in the form of a Bahiranga Sadhana though the first
five limbs of Ashtanga Yoga.
- 3. VIBHUTI PADA: This chapter deals with the Antaranga Yoga and details the Siddhis or psychic accomplishments that
may be attained through the practice of Samyama on various aspects of the Universe.
- 4. KAIVALYA PADA: This chapter deals with the attainment of the highest state of Kaivalya (liberation) that ensues when
we finally go beyond the Kleshas (afflictions) and Karmas (action-reaction entwinement) to ultimately become ‘ONE
WITH THE DIVINE’.

1.. SAMADHI PADA-

- Sutras 1.1- 1.4 deal with the definition of Yoga as a process of mental purification.
- The classical definition of Yoga as a discipline to control the whirlpools of the subconscious / unconscious mind (yogah
chitavritti nirodah - 1.2) is given along with the understanding of the process of oneness with the Vrittis that occurs in
the absence of the “control”.
- Sutras 1.5 – 1.11 deal with Five Vrittis
- PRAMANA- the cognition/ cognitive process
- VIPARYAYA- process of misconception
 - VIKALPA- illusionary and fantasy prone state
- NIDRA- the state of inert, sleepy dullness
- SMRITI- the inner process of memory

thus, through the Samadhi Pada, Maharishi Patanjali helps us contemplate and understand the working of our mind.

2.. SADHANA PADA

- the process of working towards the ultimate goal in a step-by-step approach.

(sutras)
- This Pada deals with the importance of Sadhana, the process of working towards the ultimate goal in a step-by-step
approach. Different aspects of Sadhana are dealt with precision and a detailed exploration of the concepts of Kriya Yoga
and Ashtanga Yoga is presented for the sincere Sadhaka.
- In this chapter Patanjali deals extensively with the first five limbs of Ashtanga Yoga that are known as the Bahiranga
Yoga.
- The Sadhana Pada starts off with an exploration of the Kleshas (inborn psychological afflictions) and the methods of
their removal. Kriya Yoga, the potent combination of Tapa, Swadhyaya and Ishwara Pranidhana (2.1) is prescribed as the
method to facilitate attainment of Samadhi through the elimination of the Kleshas (2.2).

- 5 types of psychological afflictions (PANCHA KLESHAS)- sutras 2.5 – 2.9

- AVIDYA- ignorance of the ultimate reality that manifest as the mistaking of the non-eternal to be eternal, the impure to
be pure, the suffering to be pleasure and the non-self to be the self (this is stated clearly in 2.5).
- ASMITA- egoism that results from misidentifying the mere instrument of experience (Buddhi) as the ultimate Self (2.6)
- RAGA- attractive attachment to that which gives us pleasure (2.7)
- DVESHA- repulsive aversion to that which gives us pain (2.8)
- ABHINIVESHA- the deep-rooted survival instinct resulting from fear of death that is present in all living beings
irrespective of any amount of knowledge (2.9).

- PANCHA YAMA- the five moral restrains that help us obtain control over our lower, animal centric nature thus becoming
human.
- AHIMSA- control of one’s violent tendencies
- SATYA- control of one’s lying tendencies
- ASTEYA- control of one’s thieving tendencies
- BRAHMACHARYA- control of one’s creative energies
- APARIGRAHA-control of one’s possessive tendencies

- PANCHA NIYAMA- the five ethical observances that help us to enhance our humane qualities preparing us for higher,
conscious life of yoga
- SAUCHA- cleanliness at all levels
- SANTOSHA – self contented happiness
- TAPA- discipline efforts
- SWADHYAYA- introspection self-analysis
- ISHWARA PRANIDHANA-the ability to surrender one’s will to the higher divine will after making one’s best efforts.
“Do your best and leave the rest” is another good way to express this concept of Bhakti Yoga that is extolled by
Yogeshwar Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita as well.

Date: 08/08/2023
3.. VIBHUTI PADA – diff. qualities in individuals

- Three internal aspects (Antaranga) of Yoga

- Dharana (3.1)- the process of binding consciousness to a point, place, region or object
- Dhyana (3.2)- the state when there is a steady and continuous flow of attention and concentration on a point, place,
region or object
- Samadhi (3.3)- ‘the state of absorptive super-consciousness’ is expressed by Patanjali as an omnipresent state when
the mind loses itself and the object alone shines without differentiation.
 - These three internal limbs comprise the practice of Antaranga Yoga and are known together as Samyama (flowing
together seamlessly) in 3.4
- In a similar manner he describes many other such Siddhis that include: (remember only 5*).
Mind reading (3.19)
Invisibility (3.21)
Going beyond the senses (3.22)
fore knowledge of time of death (3.23)
great strength (3.24)
elephantine strength (3.25)
clairvoyance (3.26)
subtle knowledge (3.27)
knowledge of the inner stars (3.28)
knowledge of the movement of stars (3.29)
knowledge of the arrangement of body systems (3.30)
power to go beyond hunger and thirst (3.31)
power of great steadiness (3.32)
vision of siddhas (3.33)
knowledge of everything (3.34)
knowledge of mind (3.35)
knowledge of pure consciousness (3.36)
divine sensations (3.37)
transmigration (3.39)
levitation (3.40)
great effulgence (3.41)
Divine hearing (3.42)
Extreme lightness of body (3.43)
Removal of the veil of ignorance (3.44)
Mastery over the five manifest elements (3.45)
Attainment of Anima and the other seven Siddhis (3.46)
Perfection of body (3.47)
Perfection of sensory apparatus (3.48)
Mastery over the primal cause itself (3.49).

4.. KAIVALYA PADA

- In the final chapter that is the shortest of the four (having a mere 34 verses), Patanjali gives us an insight into that
highest state of liberation known as Kaivalya
- At the very beginning he explains how Siddhis (that are mere milestones of progress on the spiritual path) may be
obtained by different methods (4.1) such as - Janma- blessed with the Siddhis as a result of birth - Aushadi- attaining
them through the use of herbs - Mantra- attaining them through the use of incantations - Tapah- attainment of them
through disciplined and austere efforts - Samadhi-attainment of them through deep contemplation.
- In Sutra 4.4 he says, “nirmana chitta asmita matra” meaning thereby that the mind emerges from the sense of “I-ness”
(Asmita).
- Patanjali concludes the Kaivalya Pada by saying that once we reach this point in our spiritual journey, the Pure
Consciousness becomes established in its own True Nature (purusartha sunyanam gunanam parti prasavati kaivalyam
svarupa pratishtava chiti shaktih iti -4.34).
- With the attainment of this absolute and most dynamic state of being, our evolutionary journey ends, as we have
reached the pinnacle by attaining to our true essence where division of any kind ceases to exist anymore.
- Indian philosophical thought tells us over and over, again and again that our essential, true nature is Sat-Chit-Anandam
(Absolute reality-consciousness and bliss).

Date: 10/08/2023
Ashtanga Yoga- 8 limbs of yoga
basic principles

- Yama- general ethical principles

- Niyama- self-control, self-restraint
- Asana- postures, yogic poses
- Pranayama- breath control; discipline the body and the mind by basic practices conductive to physical, physiological,
psychological, and mental health; controls the mind, taming baser instincts
- Pratyahara- detachment from the external world, stems the outgoing flow of the senses withdrawing those of
perception and the organs of action from worldly pleasures.
- Dharana- concentration to a specific point; guides the consciousness to focus attention rigorously on one point
- Dhyana- prolonged concentration; saturates the mind until it permeates to the source of existence, and the intellectual
and conscious energy dissolves in the seat of the soul
- Samadhi- when you lose the sense of your separate existence, is attained. Nothing else remains except the core of one’s
being: soul.
highest form of yoga; 2 kinds- objective and objectless

 The first limb consists of a set of ethics, which ensures that the yogi interacts in a harmonious way with the surrounding
community.
 The ethical precepts are: not to harm others, to be truthful, not to steal and to abstain from greed.
 The second limb consists of observances, which ensure that body and mind are not polluted once they have been
purified.
 Purification in yoga has nothing to do with puritanism. Rather it refers to the “stainability” of body and mind.
“Stainability” is the propensity of the body/mind to take on a conditioning or imprint from the environment.
 The observances are physical and mental cleanliness, contentment, simplicity, study of sacred texts, and acceptance of
the existence of the Supreme Being.
 The first two limbs are initially implemented from the outside, and they form a platform from which practice is
undertaken. Once we are established in yoga, they become our second nature: they will arise naturally.
 The third limb is asana. Many obstacles to knowing one’s true nature are manifested in the body, for example disease,
sluggishness, and dullness. The body profoundly influences and, if in bad condition, impinges on the functioning of mind
and intellect.
 Through the practice of yoga asanas the body is made “strong and light like the body of a lion,” to quote Shri K. Pattabhi
Jois. Only then will it provide he ideal vehicle on the path of yoga.
 The fourth limb is pranayama. Prana is the life force, also referred to as the inner breath; pranayama means extension of
prana.
 The yogis discovered that the pulsating or oscillating of prana happens simultaneously with the movements of the mind
(chitta vrtti).
 The practice of pranayama is the study and exercise of one’s breath to a point where it is appeased and does not agitate
the mind.
 The fifth limb is pratyahara — sense withdrawal. The Maitri Upanishad says that, if one becomes preoccupied with
sense objects, the mind is fueled, which will lead to delusion and suffering.
 If, however, the fuel of the senses is withheld, then, like a fire that dies down without fuel, the mind becomes
reabsorbed into its source, the heart. “Heart” in yoga is a metaphor not for emotions but for our center, which is
consciousness or the self.
 The sixth limb is dharana — concentration. The training of concentration enables us to stay focused on whatever object
is chosen. First, simple objects are selected, which in turn prepare us for the penultimate “object,” formless
consciousness, which is nothing but pure awareness
 The third limb is asana. Many obstacles to knowing one’s true nature are manifested in the body, for example disease,
sluggishness, and dullness. The body profoundly influences and, if in bad condition, impinges on the functioning of mind
and intellect.
 Through the practice of yoga asanas the body is made “strong and light like the body of a lion,” to quote Shri K. Pattabhi
Jois. Only then will it provide he ideal vehicle on the path of yoga.
 The fourth limb is pranayama. Prana is the life force, also referred to as the inner breath; pranayama means extension of
prana.
 The yogis discovered that the pulsating or oscillating of prana happens simultaneously with the movements of the mind
(chitta vrtti).
 The practice of pranayama is the study and exercise of one’s breath to a point where it is appeased and does not agitate
the mind.
 The fifth limb is pratyahara — sense withdrawal. The Maitri Upanishad says that, if one becomes preoccupied with
sense objects, the mind is fueled, which will lead to delusion and suffering.
  If, however, the fuel of the senses is withheld, then, like a fire that dies down without fuel, the mind becomes
reabsorbed into its source, the heart. “Heart” in yoga is a metaphor not for emotions but for our center, which is
consciousness or the self.
 The sixth limb is dharana — concentration. The training of concentration enables us to stay focused on whatever object
is chosen. First, simple objects are selected, which in turn prepare us for the penultimate “object,” formless
consciousness, which is nothing but pure awareness
 Objectless samadhi is the highest form of yoga. It does not depend on an object for its arising but, rather, the witnessing
subject or awareness, which is our true nature, is revealed.
 In this samadhi the thought waves are suspended, which leads to knowing of that which was always there:
consciousness or the divine self. This final state is beyond achieving, beyond doing, beyond practicing.
 It is a state of pure ecstatic being described by the term kaivalya — a state in which there is total freedom and
independence from any external stimulation whatsoever

Body Chakra’s

- In yogic terminology, the soul is called purusha shakti, while prakriti shakti or the energy of nature, came to be called
kundalini by the ancient yogis. Kundalini is the divine, cosmic energy which exists as a latent force in everyone.
- When the prakriti shakti is awakened, it gravitates toward the very core of the soul or purusha shakti.
- Chakras are notionally located along the spine, from the brain to the tailbone. But while the spine is a physical entity,
chakras are not composed of matter. Although they possess no physicality, they govern all the elements of the body.
- Chakra means “wheel” or “ring” in Sanskrit and our personal chakras have energy coiled within them. They are the
critical junctions which determine the state of the body and mind.
- Just as the brain controls physical, mental, and intellectual functions through the nerve cells or neurons, chakras tap the
prana or cosmic energy which is within all living beings and transform it into spiritual energy. This is spread through the
body by the nadis, or channels. Being invisible, chakras are tangible only through their effects.
-
1. SAHASRARA- crown chakra divine- connection to the God
2. AJNA- third eye spiritual
3. VISUDDHA- throat chakra communication
4. ANAHATA- heart chakra emotional beliefs are stored
5. MANIPURA- solar plexus chakra energy, progression and moving forward
6. SVADISTHANA- sacral chakra energy, progression and moving forward
7. MULADHARA- root chakra energy, progression and moving forward

(Colour therapy works on this)

NADI’S

- Sanskrit work that can be translated to ‘channel’ or ‘tube’ or ‘flow’

It refers to the network of channels through which energy travels through the body. The number of nadis that the body
is believed to contain varies depending on the tradition, but there are three principal nadis that weave through the
spinal cord and the intense energy centers known as chakras.
- In yoga, asanas, breathing exercises (pranayama) and chanting are among the tools used to help circulate the prana (life
energy) through the nadis.
- in the traditional eastern health sciences, such as Ayurvedic, and in yoga philosophy, all living things function thanks to
the life energy known as prana, which circulates in the body through the subtle pathways known as nadis. Prana can
circulate only when the nadis are clear and strong. When the nadi system is blocked, prana cannot flow, and a person's
physical and mental health are negatively affected.
- The three main nadis are:
1. Ida Nadi- left channel – counterpart in the Parasympathetic Nervous System
cools, quietens and refreshes body and mind like the silvery light of the moon.
2. Pingala Nadi- right channel – Sympathetic Nervous System
influenced by breathing through right nostril has a warming and activating influence, in the same way as sunshine
warms the Earth and stimulated the growth of vegetation
3. Sushumna Nadi- central channel – Central Nervous System

MODULE 3
Reiki

- 2 Japanese words- Rei which means “God’s Wisdom or the Higher Power” and Ki which means “life force energy”
- Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation
- Promotes healing such as physical pain, emotional healing, mental trauma and others.
- Administered by “Laying on hands” and is based on the idea that an unseen “life force energy” flows through us and is
what causes us to be alive. If one’s “life force energy” is low, then we are more likely to get stick or feel stress, and if it is
high, we are more capable of being happy and healthy.
- History of Reiki
Founder of Reiki- Sensei Mikao Usui- August 15,1864- March 9,1926
- Principles
1. Don’t get angry today
2. Don’t worry today
3. Be grateful today
4. Work hard today (meditative practice)
5. Be kind today.
he taught that anyone can access Reiki, because it’s found within yourself!

- Trace the history of Reiki

History of Reiki travelling to western countries

DR. MIKAO USUI- born on august 15, 1864, in the village of “Taniai-mura” in the Yamagata district of Gifu prefecture Kyoto.
- As a child he studied in a Tendai Buddhist monastery school entering at an early age. He was also a student of different
martial arts.
- His memorial states that he was a talented hard-working student, he liked to read and his knowledge of medicine,
psychology, fortune telling and theology of religions around the world, including the Kyoten (Buddhist Bible) was vast.
- He delved into Buddhism, which initiated a fascination with the Buddha’s ability to heal physical illness.
- Later in his life, when things were not going well, the Sensei travelled to Mt. Kurama, a giant cedar forest outside Kyoto,
to pray and meditate.
- Upon Mt. Kurama rests a Buddhist Temple established in 770AD by a Priest named Gantei in honor of Bishamon-ten,
the Spirit of the Sun.
- It was there that Dr. Usui dedicated himself for twenty-one days.
- On the first day he piled 21 stones and each dawn he tossed one away, in this manner keeping track of the length of his
stay.
- On the twenty-first day, after tossing the last stone, he looked to the horizon and saw a beam of light coming towards
him.
- The light had consciousness and asked if he was willing to receive the healing information that the light had to offer.
- Willing, the beam struck him in his forehead, knocking him unconscious.
- In this state he was shown colored bubbles of light, inside of which were symbols.
- As he meditated upon them, he obtained the knowledge of and the right to use these symbols in healing.
- It was in this way that Dr. Usui was initiated into the use of healing energy.
- His organization was and is still named Usui Reiki Ryoho Gakkei.
- He formulated and taught Reiki in three degrees: Shoden (First Teaching), Okuden (Inner Teaching) and Shinpiden
(Mystery Teaching).
- Dr Mikao Usui passed away on March 9th 1926 at the age of 62. He is buried in Saihoji Temple in Suginami Ku, Tokyo.

- Reiki in Three degrees

- Shoden (first teachaing)
- Okeden (Inner teaching)
- Shinpiden (mystery teaching)

DR. CHUJIRO HAYASHI 1878-1940

- played 2 imps. Parts in western Reiki

- Number one is that he is probably the originator of the hand position system used here in the West.
- Number two is that he initiated Mrs Takata to Reiki Master which brought Reiki to the West.
- An ex-naval Officer in the Japanese Navy and a Naval Doctor who graduated Navy School in December 1902.
 - He started his Reiki training with Usui Sensei in 1925, 47 years of age. It is believed he was one of the last Reiki.
- Following his first training he left the Usui school and started a small clinic in Tokyo named "Hayashi Reiki Kenkyu-kai",
which had 8 beds and 16 healers. Practitioners worked in pairs of two to a bed giving treatments to patients.
- Hayashi originally had seven to eight hand positions that covered the upper body only. These positions are based on the
Eastern traditional healing methods (such as Chinese Medicine) that the "body" is the head and torso, the limbs are
considered "external".
- When treating these positions, which cover major energy center's (acupuncture points), the energy will flow not only
through the body but also to the arms and legs. (using meridians).
- Therefore, it is only necessary to treat the head and torso in order to treat the entire body mind. Usui Sensei used head
positions only, then treated any problem area on the body.
- He also gave additional positions for treating specific conditions. Masters trained by Usui.
- Chujiro Hayashi ritually ended his life by committing Seppuku' on May 10th 1940.

MRS. HAWAYO TAKATA

- Hawayo Takata was born at dawn on December 24th, 1900, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Her parents were Japanese
immigrants and her father worked in the sugar cane fields. She worked very hard as she was growing up.
- She eventually married the bookkeeper of the plantation where she was employed. In October of 1930, Saichi Takata
died at the age of thirty-four leaving Mrs. Takata to raise their two daughters.
- In order to provide for her family, she had to work very hard with little rest. After five years she developed severe
abdominal pain, a lung condition and had a nervous breakdown.
- Soon after this, one of her sisters died and she traveled to Japan where her parents had moved to deliver the news. She
also felt she could find help for her poor health in Japan.
- Here she came in contact with Dr Hayashi's clinic and she began receiving Reiki treatment.
- Mrs. Takata received daily treatments twice a day and got progressively better. In four months, she was completely
healed. Impressed by the results, she wanted to learn Reiki.
- In the Spring of 1936, Mrs. Takata received First Degree Reiki (Shoden). She worked with Dr. Hayashi for one year and
then received Second Degree Reiki (Okuden).
- Mrs. Takata returned to Hawaii in 1937. She was soon followed by Dr. Hayashi who came to help Mrs Takata establish
Reiki in Hawaii.
- In the Winter of 1938, Dr. Hayashi initiated Hawayo Takata as a Reiki Master. She was the thirteenth and last Reiki
Master Dr. Hayashi initiated.
- Between 1970 and her transition on December 11th 1980, Mrs. Takata initiated twenty-two Reiki Masters.
- She passed away through transition.

Some Of the Reiki Healing Health Benefits:

- Creates deep relaxation and aids the body to release stress and tension,
- It accelerates the bodies' self-healing abilities.
- Aids better sleep,
- Reduces blood pressure
- Can help with acute (injuries) and chronic problems (asthma, eczema, headaches, etc.) and aides the breaking of
addictions,
- Helps relieve pain,
- Removes energy blockages, adjusts the energy flow of the endocrine system bringing the body into balance and
harmony,
- Assists the body in cleaning itself from toxins,
- Reduces some of the side effects of drugs and helps the body to recover from drug therapy after surgery and
chemotherapy,
- Supports the immune system,
- Increases vitality and postpones the aging process,
- Raises the vibrational frequency of the body,
- Helps spiritual growth and emotional clearing When we are relaxed, stress-free, we are able to restore our natural
ability to heal.

REIKI 5 SYMBOLS (imp)

1. CHO-KO-REY
Power Symbol
- used to increase the power of Reiki, but it also provides protection, grounding, and has the ability to clear energy
blockages.
- Pronunciation "choh-koo-ray“: "The Power Symbol" Meaning: "God and Man Coming Together" or "I have the key“.
- The primary use of this Symbol is to increase Reiki power. It draws Energy from around you and it focuses it where
you want to.
- Make the sign over to or yourself) and say (silently) the words Cho Ku Rei 3 times.
- To cleans negative energies, he client ( it is the all-purpose symbol.)
- It can be used for anything, anywhere;
- For on-the-spot treatments
- Spiritual protection
- On food, water, medicine, herbs
- In sick rooms and hospitals
- To aid manifestation
- To empower other Reiki Symbols
- To seal energies after the treatment, etc.

2. SEI KEI KI
Mental and Emotional Symbol
- used to send Reiki energy to someone who’s not
physically present, or to connect with past or future
events.
- Pronunciation: say-hay-key: Meaning: God and Man
Coming Together or Key to the Universe It is used
primary for mental/emotional healing and
calming the mind. It is very good for: Psychic
protection and cleansing
- In meditations to activate Kundalini
 - To balance the right and left brain
- Aid for removing addictions
- For healing past traumas
- Clears emotional blockages and aligns the upper
- Remove negative energies and bad vibrations.
- Sei He Ki restores emotional balance and harmony

3. HON SHA ZE SHO NEN

Distance Symbol
- used to send Reiki energy to someone who’s not physically present, or to connect with past or future events.
- The God ( The Buddha, the Christ,..) in Me Greets the God in You to Promote Enlightenment and Peace.
- This is the Distant Healing Symbol and it is used to send Reiki over distance and time (past, present, future), to anyone
and anything.
- It is also drawn when sending a distant attunement.

4. TAM A RA SHA
Balancing Symbol
- It is a balancing/unblocking Symbol.
- Grounds and balances energy
- Helps to unblock the energy chakra centers allowing the
energy to flow
- If signed over pain helps to reduce it or dissipate it.
5. DAI KO MYO
REIKI MASTER
SYMBOL
- used to activate the highest level of Reiki energy, and is integral for
atonements and to connect with the spiritual realm.
- Pronounced die-ko-mo
- Traditional and contemporary forms
- Used to heal soul and pass attunements
- Used in all healings after a Reiki III Attunement
- It is the most powerful symbol in the Reiki group. It can be used only by
Reiki Masters.
- This symbol is used to heal the soul. Since it deals with the soul and our
spiritual self it heals disease and illness from the original source in the
aura/energy fields.
- It helps to provide enlightenment and peace.
- It also allows to become more intuitive and psychic. With practice this
symbol brings profound life changes

Methods of symbol activation

- By visualizing them you can use it anywhere but it's the intent that counts.
- Where to apply them during a healing.
- By drawing them with your palm center
- By drawing them with your finger
- By drawing them with your third eye
- By spelling the symbol's name three times. Use whatever method you wish, but don't forget that it's the intent that
counts.

Body Chakra’s

- Comes from Sanskrit word.

- Centers or vortexes are known as Chakras 'spinning wheel of energy’.
- 7 Basic Chakras
- Representing Universal Energy around us and inside us.
 - These centers can be instrumental in our physical, mental, emotional and spiritual energies - relating and working with
them.
- The purpose of working with these energies is to foster integration of all aspects of your life to create a more holistic
being.
- What is the Crown Chakra?
- Colour: Purple (also recognized as the secondary colour White)
- Location: Top of Head
- This is your spiritual center where the Crown Chakra can assist us to create our link to our spirit guides and higher self.
- The Crown Chakra can work with all issues that affect us on a spiritual level and blends it with our earthly personalities.
Fully optimized, the Crown Chakra can aid the head and brain.
- What is the Third Eye Chakra?
- Colour: Indigo (also recognized as the secondary colour Purple) Location: Third Eye or Brow.
- As your psychic center, the Third Eye Chakra has been depicted in many cultures as the third eye and aids vision in
different aspects of our lives.
- The Third Eye Chakra can affect dreams, imagination, concentration, intuition, wisdom and the intuitive ability of
clairvoyance. It also aids your upper glands in the facial region, our eyes, nose and ears.
- What is the Throat Chakra?
- Colour: Blue Location: Throat region
- The Throat Chakra is your communication centre and deals with issues of expressing speech, thoughts and writing. It is
known to improve the intuitive ability of clairaudience.
- Opening the Throat Chakra fully can aid the glands of the throat and occasionally known to effect the mouth, ears and
upper respiratory system.

- What is the Heart Chakra?

- Colour: Green (also recognized with Pink) Location: Heart Region
- As your heart and emotion center, the Heart Chakra is known to effect the intuitive ability of clairsentience.
- Improving the Heart Chakra can help balance your emotions of giving, receiving, losing and acquiring love in your life. It
will also aid organs such as the heart, lungs, thoracic areas and circulation.
- What is the Solar Plexus Chakra?
- Colour: Yellow Location: Solar Plexus
- This is your personal power centre and aids digestion, metabolism and the nervous system.
- Developing the Solar Plexus Chakra can help understand and increase our will power as well as the pancreas, gall
bladder, nervous system, liver, stomach and adrenals.
- What is the Sacral Chakra?
- Colour: Orange Location: The Spleen Area
- The Sacral Chakra helps us to develop our sexuality, assimilate and process food and is identified as the instinct zone.
- Aligning the Sacral Chakra can aid the sexual organs, the spleen, genitals and bladder.
- What is the Root Chakra?
- Colour: Red Location: Base of Spine
- The Root Chakra helps the flow of our lifeforce energy into the body.
- Working at its optimum, the Root Chakra can aid problems experienced with kidneys, adrenals, spinal column and
colon.
- It could also strengthen your survival and self-preservation instinct

What blocks a Chakra?

- Childhood traumas, cultural conditioning, limited belief system, bad habits, physical and emotional injuries. Or even just
lack of attention all contribute to chakra blockage.
- Difficulties abound in life, for each one, we develop a coping strategy. If these difficulties persist, these coping strategies
become chronic patterns, anchored in the body and psyche as defense structures.
- It is important to recognize the blocks we carry, find and understand their source and meaning, and develop tools to
heal them.

Reiki- a powerful and gentle healer

- Promotes natural self-healing

- Balances the energies in the body
 - Balances the organs and glands
- Strengthens the immune system
- Treats symptoms and causes of illness
- Relieves pain
- Clears toxins
- Adapts to the natural needs of the receiver
- Enhances personal awareness
- Relaxes and reduces stress
- Promotes creativity
- Releases blocked and suppressed feelings
- Aids meditation and positive thinking
- Heals holistically

Date: 22/08/2023
PRANIC HEALING

- Pranic healing is an ancient science and art of healing that utilizes prana or ki or vital energy to heal the whole physical
body.
- It has also been invariably called psychic healing, magnetic healing, faith healing, ki healing, vitalic healing, and the
laying on of hands.
- PRANIC HEALING is based on the overall structure of the human body.
- The physical body is actually composed of two parts: the visible physical body, and the unseen or invisible energy body
called the bioplasmic body.
- Prana or ki is that vital energy or life force which keeps the body alive and healthy.
- In Greek, it is called pneuma, in Polynesian, rnana, and in Hebrew ruah, which means "breath of life.“
- The healer projects prana or vital energy or the breath of life to the patient; thereby, healing the patient.
- It is through this process that so called miraculous healing is accomplished.

MAJOR SOURCES OF PRANA

- Solar prana
- Air prana
- Ground prana

Concept of Bioplasmic Body

- THE BIOPLASMIC BODY interpenetrates the visible physical body and extends beyond it by four to five inches.
- This invisible luminous energy field which follows the contour of the visible physical body is called the inner aura.
- The bioplasmic body has fine invisible bioplasmic channels or meridians through which ki and bioplasmic matter flow to
be distributed all over the body.
- There are several major bioplasmic channels and thousands of minor ones. In yoga, they call these the major and minor
nadis.
- Through these channels flow prana or ki that nourishes and invigorates the whole body.

Date: 24/08/2023

- In PRANIC HEALING, there are 2 principles: Cleansing and energizing the patient’s bioplasmic body with prana or vital
energy.
- It’s by cleansing or removing the diseased bioplasmic matter from the affected chakra and the diseased organ, and by
energizing them with sufficient prana or vital energy, that healing is accomplished.
- These two principles are the very foundation of pranic healing.
- Both the bioplasmic body and the visible physical body are so closely related that what affects one affects the other and
vice versa.
- For instance, if the bioplasmic throat is weakened then it may manifest on the visible physical body as a cough, cold,
sore throat, tonsilitis or other throat related problems.
- Cleansing is necessary to remove the devitalized diseased bioplasmic matter in the whole body or in the affected part or
parts, and to clear up blocked bioplasmic channels.
- The health rays are cleansed, combed, and strengthened.
- There are several reasons why cleansing should be done before energizing:
 - 1) Cleansing is necessary to facilitate the absorption of prana or ki.
- 2) Healing takes a longer time without cleansing and more prana is required to heal the patient.
- 3) A possible radical reaction could be induced if cleansing is not done before or after energizing.
- 4) Cleansing is necessary to reduce the risk of damaging the finer bioplasmic channels (called meridians or energy
centers).

Pranic Healing in relation to the Body Chakra’s

In your palms- 3 types of CHAKRAS
- MAJOR, MINOR, and MINI

- Major chakras are just like power stations that supply vital energy to major and vital organs.
- When the power stations malfunction, the vital organs become sick or diseased because they do not have enough vital
energy to operate properly.
- Minor chakras are about one to two inches in diameter. Mini chakras are smaller than one inch in diameter.
- Minor and mini chakras control and energize the less important parts of the visible physical body.

HAND AND FINGER CHAKRAS

- There are two very important chakras located at the center of each palm.
- These chakras are called the left-hand chakra and right-hand chakra.
- The hand chakras are considered very important functions in pranic healing. It is through the hand chakras that prana is
absorbed from the surroundings and projected to the patient.
- Both the right- and left-hand chakras are capable of absorbing and projecting prana or ki.

FIVE BASIC TECHNIQUES – there are basic techniques will need to learn in order to work with pranic healing.

1. Sensitizing the hands

2. Scanning the inner aura
3. Sweeping or cleansing (general and localized)
4. Energizing with prana (Hand Chakras Techniques) to draw in prana and to protect prana
5. Stabilizing the projected prana

LEVELS IN PRANIC HEALING

- Level one- Elementary Pranic Healing

At this level, the concepts and techniques are easy to learn. Tactile concentration is required. It takes about three to five
sessions to learn the basic principles and techniques and to be able to do simple pranic healing. About one to two
months of regular practice and application are necessary to become proficient.
- Level two- Immediate Pranic Healing
This level is still easy. Pranic breathing is used at this level. The major chakras are explained fully. Visual concentration is
still not required. It takes about three to five sessions to learn the basic principles and techniques to be able to start
healing more difficult cases. To become proficient, it takes about two months of regular practice and application
- Level three- Distant Pranic Healing
This level involves a gradual development of one's psychic faculty. It may take at least several months to several years of
regular practice and application to become very accurate in diagnosis and to produce specific accurate predetermined
results.
- Level four- Advanced Pranic Healing
Visualization is definitely required. A more thorough knowledge of the nature of disease and the properties of the
different types of prana is required.

STEPS IN PRANIC HEALING

- SENSITIZING THE HANDS

- SCANNING
- Scanning the Outer Aura
- Scanning the Health Aura
- Scanning the Inner Aura
- SWEEPING
- Generalized Sweeping
 - Localized Sweeping

STEPS IN HEALING

- Observe and interview the patient

- Scan the spine, the vital organs, the major chakras, and the affected parts.
- Apply general sweeping
- Do localized sweeping in the affected areas
- Rescan the affected parts. In case of pranic congestion, scan to determine whether the congestion has been significantly
reduced. For pranic depletion, scan to determine whether the inner aura of the affected part has become a little bigger
or has partially normalized.
- For simple cases, sweeping or cleansing is sometimes sufficient to heal the patient.
- Energize the affected parts with prana.
- Get feedback from your patient. If there is some pain left, ask for the exact spots and rescan those areas. Do more
sweeping and energizing. Level One: Elementary Pranic Heeding
- If the part is highly overenergized, do distributive sweeping to prevent possible pranic congestion.
- Rescan the treated area to determine whether the affected area has been sufficiently decongested or energized.
Thoroughness is the key to dramatic healing or very fast healing.
- In pranic congestion, cleansing is emphasized. In pranic depletion, energizing is emphasized.
- Stabilize the projected prana

PRANIC HEALING AND CHAKRAS

- Crown Chakra
- Ajna Chakra
- Throat chakra
- Front heart chakra
- Front solar plexus chakra
- Sex chakra
- Back heart chakra
- Back solar plexus chakra
- Basic chakra

USAGE OF CHAKRAS-

- HEADACHE
- EYESTRAIN OR TIRED EYES
- COLD WITH COUGH AND STUFFY NOSE
- FEVER
- STOMACH PAIN AND GAS PAIN
- DYSMENORRHE
- IRREGULAR MENSTRUATION OR NO MENSTRUATION
- MUSCLE PAIN AND SPRAIN
- BACKACHE
- DIFFICULTY IN RAISING THE ARM
- INSOMNIA
- INSECT AND BUG BITES
- BOILS
- MUSCLE CRAMPS

ACUPRESSURE

- Acupressure is just one of a number of Asian bodywork therapies (ABT) with roots in traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM). Examples of other Asian bodywork therapies are medical qigong and Tuina. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of
acupressure.
 - Traditional Chinese medical theory describes special acupoints, or acupressure points, that lie along meridians, or
channels, in your body. These are the same energy meridians and acupoints as those targeted with acupuncture.
- It is believed that through these invisible channels flows vital energy -- or a life force called qi (ch'i). It is also believed
that these 12 major meridians connect specific organs or networks of organs, organizing a system of communication
throughout your body. The meridians begin at your fingertips, connect to your brain, and then connect to an organ
associated with a certain meridian.
- Hand reflexology and acupressure refer specifically to the application of pressure to related areas and points in the hand
for treatment.
- They include techniques such as jabbing, kneading, pressing, and pushing. By and large, it is a method of applying
pressure to pathological reflex points or sensitive spots in the hand that are related to certain organs and tissues inside
and outside of the body, in order to heal certain maladies.
- According to this theory, when one of these meridians is blocked or out of balance, illness can occur. Acupressure and
acupuncture are among the types of TCM that are thought to help restore balance.
- According to TCM, the human hand is closely related to the internal organs, meridian channels, and collateral vessels, as
well as the neurological system.
- Hand reflexology and acupressure refer to the practice of using one hand to apply pressure to specific acupoints,
pathological reflex points, or sensitive points on the other hand, to help relieve symptoms or heal ailments.
- There are more than 70 pathological reflex areas and acupoints in the palm and back of a hand where the neurological
points gather.
- Clinical practice shows that accurate application of a specific technique over a period of time will help facilitate positive
stimulation of internal organs and help strengthen their function in order to maintain health and prevent the occurrence
of certain acute or chronic diseases.
- There are 4 important aspects of Acupressure:
- Preparation
- Benefits
- Points of Attention
- Techniques of Administration

Preparation

- Acupressure therapy requires no special venue, but enough natural light and little external noise. Before conducting
hand reflexology and acupressure, trim your fingernails to about 1 mm long, levelling the flesh tip of the finger and
polish the edges so they are smooth.
- As acupoints in the hand occupy tiny spaces, the use of small tools (such as sticks, cotton swabs, ballpoint pens, and
other pens) is recommended for easy administration. Please do not use sharp objects.
- Cotton swabs: In order to execute pressure more accurately to an acupoint on the hand, you may use a match stick or a
cotton swab. Make sure that the stick does not have a sharp end so that it doesn’t hurt the skin. You may also use the
shaft of a pen.
- Coin: For use in the hand exercises in this book. While doing hand exercises, you may also use other objects such as a
toothbrush, a wristwatch, or a small ball.

Benefits

- Widely applicable: It can relieve symptoms of various diseases and conditions, and can promote good health. Many
common diseases and conditions in clinical departments (such as internal medicine, orthopaedics, gynaecology,
dermatology, and otolaryngology) can be prevented or alleviated by applying hand reflexology and acupressure therapy.
- Safe and reliable: Free of trauma and side effects, no pollution, no medical dependency, and no harm done to the fu
organs and zang organs.
- Easy to learn and administer: No complicated medical devices are needed. Your hand alone is the tool of
administration, supplemented by simple everyday objects. The techniques are easy to master, and you can do them
anywhere and anytime. It is perfect for domestic health care and the prevention of diseases.
- Effective: Applicable to a variety of conditions, and usually has surprisingly positive results as long as it is administered
properly. In addition, hand reflexology and acupressure therapy can be tools for the maintenance and promotion of
heath. As long as you keep doing it, you will be amazed at how much you will be benefited.

Points of Attention

- Apply pressure appropriately. Press each acupoint or reflex area for 3 to 5 minutes. Each session should last between 15
and 30 minutes. For acute diseases and conditions, administer once or twice daily and stop once healed. For chronic
 diseases and conditions, administer once daily or every other day, and 5 to 10 times as a course of treatment. Follow
the sequential numbers to massage your hands for each disease.
- Acupoints are symmetrically distributed in both hands. When you have finished pressing the acupoints on one hand,
repeat on the other hand.
- Do not apply hand reflexology or acupressure on a full stomach, or when hungry or extremely fatigued. Take a 15-
minute rest before hand reflexology and acupressure therapy. Take a 30-minute rest after high-impact exercise. Do not
perform hand reflexology or acupressure therapy until one hour after a bath.
- For the elderly, whose knuckles tend to be stiff and whose bones become porous and brittle, massages should be soft
and gentle. Avoid applying too strong a force.
- Do not perform hand reflexology or acupressure if there is any inflection or festering growth in the hand. Be cautious
with sensitive skin.
- Some people may feel slight pain, soreness, and swelling after the first treatment. This is due to over-exertion of force,
so force should to be reduced in the next session.
- Relax and breathe with ease during the therapy session. Do not hold your breath.
- Acupoints in the hand usually occupy tiny spaces, so you may want to use small objects such as match stick, cotton
swab, ball-pointed pen, or pen to help administer pressure to these points. Do not use pointed objects for this purpose
- Keep warm in winter, and avoid exposing your hands to low temperatures in case of blisters. In summer when the
weather is humid, use an electric fan to reduce the heat, but avoid blowing directly at the person. Hand reflexology and
acupressure therapy are best conducted in a ventilated place.
- To those with more serious diseases and conditions, hand reflexology and acupressure therapy work best in
combination with regular medical treatment. Alternatively, you can use hand reflexology and acupressure as a
supplement to regular medical treatment in order to expedite recovery
- The hand exercises in this book are complementary to hand reflexology and acupressure. After finishing with one hand,
do the same with the other.

Techniques of administration

- There are ten basic hand reflexology and acupressure techniques, including pressing, kneading, jabbing, twisting,
pinching, pushing, rubbing in straight lines, and rubbing in circular motion.
- Each technique is applicable to certain points, and the points you should pay attention to are provided, to assist you
with the therapy. The following are the eight most commonly used techniques.
- Pressing
- Definition: Use the tip of the thumb or the tip of the finger to press. The force is administered from the top down, to the
acupoint, reflex area, and reaction point.
- Applicable to: Flatter zones such as the thenar eminence (da yuji) and hypothenar eminence (xiao yuji). This method is
often combined with kneading to prevent or alleviate some chronic diseases and chronic pain.
- Attention: Wherever you apply force, make sure that your fingers are closely pressed to the surface of the hand and
move in a limited range. The force applied should be incremental, slow and steady. Avoid abrupt bursts of force, evening
out the frequency and the force of pressure.
- Kneading
- Definition: Put the tip of the finger on the point or area of the hand, relax your wrist; using your elbow as a point of
support, vacillate the forearm to move the wrist and the metacarpus to knead softly and gently in a circular motion, so
the pressure will be transmitted. to designated places through the fingers. The middle finger and the thumb are used
most commonly for kneading
- Applicable to: Toning the body’s constitution. It is better to apply the force to more superficial acupoints or open
acupoints. Kneading is usually used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases, deficiency syndromes, and consumptive
diseases
- Attention: The force should be applied gently. The administration is coordinated and rhythmic. Better to do it for a
sustained period of time, about one half time longer than the regular treatment.
- Jabbing
- Definition: Use the tip of the thumb, the tip of the middle finger, the tip of the ulnar side of the little finger, the tip of
the ring finger, and the interphalangeal joint to jab the acupoints in the hand.
- Applicable to: Areas and points between the bones. Often used for treatment of acute diseases and pain.
- Attention: Jabbing touches only tiny spots of the hand, but the pressure is powerful and therefore has a strong impact.
Make sure your administration is straight to the point, and do not slip.
- Twisting
- Definition: Use the tips of your thumb and index finger to pinch a specific location and then twist it. This method helps
facilitate blood circulation, clear the channels, and alleviate pain.
 - Applicable to: All the joints of your hands. Often used for chronic diseases and local discomfort, or maintaining and
promoting good health.
- Attention: Adequate frequency and degrees of force are stressed. Adjust the frequency and force of pressure depending
on how the patient feels during a hand reflexology or acupressure session.
- Pinching
- Definition: Use the tip of the fingernail to apply strong force to points or areas in the hand. Usually, the tip of the thumb
and the radius side of its nail edge are used to apply force, or the thumb works with the tips of all the other fingernail
tips to pinch the points or areas and apply force to the place they pinch.
- Applicable to: Usually where the metacarpus knuckles connect the fingers, and between the metacarpus of the palm.
Often used for alleviating pain, the onset of manic syndrome, acute diseases, and neurasthenia.
- Attention: Pinching is a method that produces a strong impact. Therefore, apply force incrementally and stop as soon as
there is an intense reaction. Do not slip when administering force, or you may scrape the skin. To avoid scraping the
skin, cover it with a piece of thin cloth when intense pinching is to be administered.
- Pushing
- Definition: Use the palm and fingers, a single finger, multiple fingers and the heel of the palm, the thenar eminence, or
the hypothenar eminence to apply force to specific acupoints and reflex points. Push in one direction in a straight line.
- Applicable to: Push longitudinally in the hand. Rubbing in straight lines is usually added after pushing has been
administered for a period of time. Pushing is often used to treat chronic diseases, alleviate pain and soreness caused by
strain or wear and tear, conditions of cold deficiency, and maintaining good health.
- Attention: When pushing, keep the fingers and the palm flat, securely press them to the skin, and apply adequate force.
Do it slowly and evenly to maintain good control of the force. Pushing is usually administered in the orientation of the
bones of the hand.
- Rubbing (in circular motion)
- Definition: Press the palm or the tips of the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger to a specific location on the hand,
and move your wrist joint as well as you forearm at the point or area in your hand to rub in circular motion, clockwise or
counter-clockwise.
- Applicable to: More open locations on the hand. Often used to alleviate age-related diseases, chronic diseases, deficient
syndrome, and cold syndrome.
- Attention: Rapid rhythm is required, but the movement should be gentle and the speed even. Avoid irregular and heavy-
handed rubbing, which will compromise the result.
- Rubbing (in straight lines)
- Definition: Use a single finger, the palm, the thenar eminence and hypothenar eminence, or the heel of the palm to
press a specific location on the hand, and move in a straight line back and forth in quick motion.
- Applicable to: Along the bone orientation of the palm and fingers, particularly the center of the palm. This is beneficial
for conditions such as chronic diseases, cold deficient syndrome, and mental illnesses. It is also recommended for
promoting physical fitness.
- Attention: The wrist joint stretches out naturally when relaxed. Your forearm and hand are on the same level, with the
fingertips pressing down slightly. The administration of force is light but not superficial, with a quick rhythm.

Meridians and The System

- The meridian system is like a traffic network spreading across the human body, consisting of channels designed
exclusively to supply qi (vital energy) and blood to every part of the body.
- The principal channels are called jing (meridians), whereas the branching vessels connecting the principal channels and
connected with serving the five visceral organs (wuzang) and six bowel organs (liufu), they crisscross the human body,
connecting the surface and the depth as well as the top and the bottom as an organic whole.
- Through the circulation of qi and blood, they provide nutrition to sustain the organic livelihood of the human body.ne
another are called luo (collateral).
- The hand is traversed by a large number of meridians. The fingers, as the human body’s upper extremities, are one of
the places where blood flow starts to go back into the body.
- Meridians pertaining to such organs as the heart, lung, large intestine, the triple energizer (sanjiao) and pericardium all
go through the fingers and have some points there. Therefore, fingers are believed to correspond to the internal organs.
- The thumb reflects the functions of the lung and the spleen; the index finger the stomach and the intestines; the middle
finger the cardiovascular functions; the ring finger the liver and the gallbladder; and the little finger the uterus, testicles,
and kidneys.
- Located along the pathways of the meridian and collateral, acupoints are usually places where nerve endings
concentrate, or locations where thicker nerve fibers travel. When you feel discomfort or pain, it is the acupoints that
 send out such signals. The acupoints situated along the pathways of the fourteen principal meridians are called
“meridian points.”
- In addition, there are acupoints in certain fixed location that have special effects for treatment. Those are called “extra-
ordinary points.” These acupoints are not isolated on the surface of your skin, but are closely related to organs and
tissues deep in your body.

Date: 07/09/23
UNIT 4- Other techniques of healing

- Meditation is the practice by which there is constant observation of the mind. It involves setting aside a regular time
and place for the specific purpose of discovering that infinite well of wisdom that lies within.
- Meditation is a form of mental training that has been practiced for thousands of years, and that can be conceptualized
as a family of complex emotional and attentional regulatory training regimens developed for various ends, including the
cultivation of well-being and emotional balance.
- Meditation has also been defined as involving a process of intentional self-regulation of attention, in which attention is
directed from a combination of external and internal stimuli to a primarily internally perceptive state.
- Traditional philosophies emphasize that anyone can learn to meditate (Taimni, 1961), and that through repeated
practice meditation provides long-term effects that outlast the confines of individual meditative states (Nyanaponika,
1969; Ahir, 1999; Burley, 2000).
- A central tenet of early investigations into the effects of meditation has been that meditation induces a physiologically
quiescent bodily state. This was based on initial reports of decreases in autonomic parameters such as heart rate,
respiratory rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and adrenergic reactivity, as well as increased levels of alpha activity
in the electroencephalogram during the practice of meditation [mostly Transcendental Meditation (TM)].
- Meditation comes in numerous forms: the relaxation response, progressive meditation, guided mantras, mindfulness,
walking meditation, moving meditation, and transcendental meditation.
- Psychophysiology can be described as the science of bodily functioning in relation to psychological processes. Such
broad definition of psychophysiology encompasses a wide range of research methods investigating the relationship
between mental processing and brain functioning, sweat response, hormonal stress response, heart rate and related
markers, facial muscle activity etc.
- The psychophysiological brain measures used in this field traditionally include electroencephalography (EEG) derived
indexes, such as prefrontal alpha asymmetry and event-related brain potentials (ERPs).
- The effects of meditation on psychophysiological markers, including frontal electroencephalography (EEG) alpha
asymmetry, event-related brain potentials (ERPs), heart-rate variability (HRV) and its derivative indexes, and galvanic
skiresponse (GSR).
- The metacognitive self-regulatory capacity (MSRC) of the mind and modes of existential awareness (MEA) as the two
core mechanisms modulated by meditation.
- The MSRC involves self-reflective metacognition and attention control, emotion regulation and relevant language
processes linked to processing of meaning.
- Self-reflective metacognition refers to the ability to notice and monitor processes of the mind and use this information
in guiding attention control which in turn enables us to decide where we place attention and for how long.
- Flexible and adaptive self-reflective metacognition and attention control facilitate effective management of emotions,
such as noticing early when emotions arise and increasing or decreasing their intensity in line with our goals.
- Language processes interact and get modified by the self-reflective metacognition, attention control and emotion
regulation processes – for example, one can notice negative rumination arising and shift attention to some neutral
activity or content, then with practice activation of negative meanings decreases.
- The MEA (modes of existential awareness) refer to phenomenological experiential shifts in the construal of self and
reality gradually progressing from immersion in mental phenomena through decentering from them (perceiving them
more as fleeting phenomena rather than facts) and towards more ‘de-constructed’ phenomenological sense of self and
reality (states sometimes described as ‘emptiness of self’ or states of ‘non-dual awareness’).
- Importantly, the model proposes direct reciprocal links between changes in the MSRC and the MEA with further
reciprocal connections to the autonomic nervous system.
- While some psychophysiological methods (such as ERPs) are particularly suitable for assessing changes in the MSRC and
MEA with meditation, others (e.g., heart-rate variability measures) can uniquely enhance our understanding of the links
between MSRC/MEA and the autonomic nervous system.

Silva method
 - The Silva Method began in Laredo, Texas in the 1940s when Jose Silva - whose interest in psychology began in the US
Signals Corps during WWII - began to seek ways to help his children with their homework and to develop their
concentration.
- Over the next ten years, his children began to concentrate better, their memories improved - but they also began to
develop their intuition.
- Jose Silva then began to train small groups of neighboring children, and adults, until he was asked to share his research
with a group of artists in Armarillo in 1966.
- From this, the Silva Method program was born - taught first throughout the United States, and then to other countries,
being translated into dozens of other languages including Spanish, Mandarin, French, Korean, Italian, Japanese, Greek,
Russian, Portuguese and Hungarian.
- At the alpha level, one is able to think creatively with the right brain, whilst maintaining logic and rationality via the left
brain, thereby improving concentration, developing intuition, creativity, and memory.
- The left-brain hemisphere is associated with logical thought and physical experience whilst the right brain hemisphere is
more visual and processes intuitively, holistically and randomly. In most people, the left brain hemisphere is dominant
and they no longer consciously use the alpha brain frequency.
- The Silva Method aims, by way of meditation and other techniques, to teach students how to use the alpha level
consciously and to use both brain hemispheres. It has no religious connotations and is practiced worldwide by people of
every, or no, faith.

THE BETA LEVEL

Your default level of consciousness when you’re awake and alert.
THE ALPHA LEVEL
A calm and receptive state experienced during relaxation and light sleep. The optimal state for learning, growth, and self-
awareness.
THE THETA LEVEL
The state of meditation and deep sleep. Enables enhanced introspection, self-hypnosis, mind-body healing, and more.
THE DELTA LEVEL
The deepest state of unconsciousness and dreamless sleep.
After decades of rigorous case studies and research, The Silva Method has found that the Alpha and Theta levels of
consciousness play the biggest roles in a person’s self-evolution. This observation is confirmed by countless peer-reviewed
studies: including studies on indigenous communities that harness this ‘polyphasic’ understanding of consciousness to awaken
abilities unknown to the average person. The Silva Ultra mind System gives you the tools to access these abilities at will - so using
them to transform your life becomes as easy and natural as breathing.
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION

- Transcendental Meditation (TM) is the simplest, most natural and effortless technique of meditation – so simple that
the adult technique can be learned from the age of 10.
- This knowledge of transcendence (traditionally known as yoga), which means the mind settling effortlessly into silence,
is the most powerful key to unlock your inner potential for self-healing and personal growth because it is simple and
natural and therefore works for everyone.
- This unique approach, passed on during personal instruction by a teacher trained as directed by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi,
comes from the ancient Vedic tradition of India.
- The resulting peace (sometimes, and increasingly, blissful) allows the body also to gain very deep rest (much deeper
than sleep), in which it can dissolve even its deepest stresses accumulated as a result of life’s worst traumas.
- Transcendental Meditation is Vedic meditation, which derives from the Vedic texts of India, first written down around
5000 years ago. Because the Vedas have inspired the multitude of religious approaches collectively known as Hinduism,
they are generally thought to be Hindu texts.
- there is one fundamental difference between TM and other approaches: Most meditation aims to control or train the
mind by a way of thinking. Transcendence, on the other hand, involves no concentration, control, or training.
- TM allows the mind to go beyond surface level thinking towards silence (the source of thought) and concentration,
focus and control as well as freedom and creativity are the spontaneous results.
- Transcendental Meditation is not new, but is a part of the Vedic tradition of India, stretching back several thousand
years. It is the heart of the Yoga system, and an important part of Ayurveda (the ‘Science of Life’), the world’s most
ancient system of natural healthcare and personal development.
- Transcendental Meditation is a simple, natural, effortless, easily-learned mental technique practiced for 15 to 20
minutes twice daily, sitting comfortably with the eyes closed.
 - To elaborate:
- Simple -- Transcendental Meditation is not difficult or complicated; it is a simple procedure.
- Natural -- there is no manipulation or suggestion, such as in hypnosis.
- Effortless -- Transcendental Meditation is easy to practice and requires no ability to concentrate or control the mind.
- Easily learned -- anyone beginning from age 10 can learn Transcendental Meditation easily.
- Mental technique -- it requires no physical exercises, special postures, or procedures.
- Practiced for 15 to 20 minutes twice daily -- Transcendental Meditation is practiced for 15 to 20 minutes: once in the
morning before breakfast, to start the day with alertness and energy, and once again in the afternoon before dinner, to
eliminate the accumulated stress of the day and as a basis for an enjoyable evening and a good night's sleep.
- Sitting comfortably -- no awkward or cramped positions are necessary to practice Transcendental Meditation. You can
practice the technique anywhere -- in your office after work, riding the subway, sitting in a plane, or even in your car
parked at a highway rest stop. But it is usually practiced in the comfort of your own home.

The Transcendental Meditation Program

- Reduces stress
- Increases creativity and intelligence
- Improves memory and learning ability
- Increases energy
- Increases inner calm
- Reduces insomnia
- Increases happiness and self-esteem
- Reduces anxiety and depression
- Improves relationships
- Improves health
- Promotes a younger biological age

OSHO VIEW

 Osho (11 December 1931 – 19 January 1990) is known for his revolutionary meditation techniques that are designed to
first release the accumulated stresses of body and mind, so that it is then easier to experience inner silence and
thought-free relaxation in daily life. One such meditation is the dynamic meditation which he developed in 1970, which
has become one of the most popular meditations since then.
 J. Krishnamurti says meditation is a state of "choiceless awareness". Perez-de Albeniz and Holmes have described
meditation as relaxation, altered states of awareness, suspension of logical thought and maintenance of self-observing
attitude.
 According to Osho, the essence of meditation is just witnessing the body, mind and feelings without judgment. He
further adds, the modern man, of eastern or western origin has changed so much that new methods are needed.
Chaotic methods are required because the modern mind is restless and chaotic. One of these techniques is Osho
Dynamic Meditation.
 Osho Dynamic Meditation is a 60-minute formatted meditation technique of 5 stages, first of which is fast, deep and
chaotic breathing for 10 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of catharsis, 10 minutes of jumping and shouting a mantra
“hoo”, 15 minutes of silence, and finally 15 minutes of celebration through dance.
 Each stage is demarked by music which has been specifically made for this meditation. However, it is an individual
experience so one should remain oblivious of others and keep the eyes closed, preferably using a blindfold.
 Osho says while doing the meditation, remain a witness, observe what is happening as if you are just a spectator, as if
the whole thing is happening to somebody else

AYURVEDA

- Ayurveda is a system of healing that has its roots in ancient India. It is thought by many scholars to be the oldest healing
system extant on our planet. Aiuh means life and veda means knowledge.
- The knowledge contained in Ayurveda deals with the nature, scope and purpose of life, and includes its metaphysical
and physical aspects— health and disease, happiness and sorrow, pain and pleasure.
- Ayurveda defines life as the conjunction of body, mind and spirit found in Cosmic Consciousness and embracing all of
Creation.
- Ayurveda states that the purpose of life is to know or realize the Creator, both within and without, and to express this
Divinity in one’s daily life. According to Ayurveda, every individual life is a microcosm of the Cosmos.
 - The principles of many natural healing systems now familiar in the West, such as herbal medicine and polarity therapy,
have their roots in Ayurveda.
- Because of its broad scope, Ayurveda embraces all health care disciplines and weaves them into an integrated
treatment plan for each individual. If a person needs surgery, surgical procedures are available.
- If a person needs psychological or spiritual counseling, or rejuvenation of the body, mind, and spirit, there are
procedures for these as well.
- Ayurveda encompasses all these treatments and coordinates them appropriately. It is called a “living” science since it
incorporates modern developments and techniques along with ancient wisdom.
- Ayurveda incorporates the Shad Darshan, the six systems of Indian philosophy — Sankhya, Nyaya , Vaisheshika,
Mimamsa, Yoga, and Vedanta.
- Shad means six. The Sanskrit root of the word darshan is drish, which means “to see.” In this sense darshan is inner
vision as well as outer vision. The six systems represent six visions of life. They are ways of orienting with reality.
- Three of these systems— Sankhya, Nyaya, and Vaisheshika— predominantly deal with the material world.
- These philosophies try to understand and explain everyday experience on the level of the physical.
- Knowledge about physical creation was most important to them. Logical reasoning, understanding cause and effect, or
experiences one can reduce to cause and effect, are the focus of Nyaya. This system is also concerned with the means of
knowing and right knowledge.
- Vaisheshika is also focused on the level of the physical world without concern for what created it, where it came from. It
is really more a model of physics, of particle interactions, than a philosophy of speculative thought.
- In contrast, Sankhya states that we need to consider the origin of the world. Moreover, it is important to see how the
theme of microcosm and macrocosm plays out. In Sankhya, physiology is expressed as a model of evolving
Consciousness.
- Non-material in nature, Consciousness expresses itself in an evolutionary scheme, as the entire diversity of material
creation. These three paradigms— Sankhya, Vaisheshika, and Nyaya— form a natural grouping for understanding the
physical universe.
- The other three— Yoga , Mimamsa, and Vedanta— observe inner reality as an attempt to understand outer reality.
- They are concerned more with pure philosophy and are less concerned about understanding the physical interaction of
things. Their emphasis is on how we can evolve.

Uses of Ayurveda

- Circulatory System: Bleeding, Anemia, Heart, Blood Pressure, Arteriosclerosis, Paraplegia

- Digestive System: Anorexia, Vomiting, Diarrhea\Dysentery, Digestive and Abdominal Disorders, Jaundice, Gallstones,
Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Gastroenteritis, Colic, Hyperacidity, Acid Gastritis, Malabsorption, Food Allergies, Parasites,
Constipation, Hemorrhoids, Obesity, Candida, Ulcers, Áma.
- Infections or Wounds Fever, Abscess, Sinus, Wounds, Inflamed Ulcers, Fractures/Dislocations.
- Respiratory System: Cough, Breathing Disorders, Asthma, Hiccup, TB, Cold.
- Urinary System: Urinary Diseases, Gravel, Obstructions, Diabetes
- Ears, Nose, Throat, Catarrh, Hoarse Throat, Eyes, Mouth
- Nervous System (Váta-vyádhi) Convulsions, Epilepsy, Addictions, Alcohol, Fainting, Coma, Wasting, Multiple Sclerosis,
Parkinsons, Alzheimer’s

Prevention through Ayurveda

- These are of two types.

- A) Vaiyakthika Swasthavritta: The principles that are to be followed by the individual to prevent diseases.
- B) Samajika Swasthavritta: Principles to be followed by the community for the maintenance of health of the society.
- 1) Man should always follow those procedures which keep him healthy always, as health is always desired.
- 2) Daily regimen, night regimen, seasonal regimens should be followed as mentioned to maintain health no other wise.
- 3) The person who always consumes wholesome food, practices wholesome habits, thinks. Who is not interested in
worldly matters, who sacrifices. Who is always balanced towards all beings, forgives speaks truth and who follows words
of Apta (Aptha Vachana) does not develop any disease
- 4) Food: Charaka emphasizes on food which are wholesome to the body like rice, green gram, rock salt, goose berry,
barley, rain water, milk, ghee, meat and honey.
These should be consumed regularly for maintenance of health and prevention of diseases.
In Ayurveda, rice and barley as carbohydrate sources. Green gram, meat as source of protein. Ghee as fats. Honey as
source of sugar. Rock salt as source of mineral, milk and goose berries as vitamin and mineral source which make the
components of balanced diet8.
 - 5) Regimen: One should avoid Prajnaparadha (intellectual errors), take care of sense organs, by avoiding
underutilization, wrong utilization over utilization of sense organs, one should have good memory, knowledge about
place, time and one self and should follow rules of Sadvritta to prevent diseases.
- 6) Purification of Body: The diseases due to variations in the climate can be prevented by following purification in
respective seasons. The Kapha dosha produced due to effects of cold during Hemanta and Sisira ritu should be expelled
out in the beginning of Vasantha Ritu through emesis, Vata accumulated during Grisma Ritu should be expelled in
Varsha Ritu through Asthapana Basthi and Pitta accumulated during Varsa Ritu should be expelled in the beginning of
Sharath ritu by purgation (Virechana) and bloodletting (Raktha Mokshana).
- These purification procedures prevent seasonal diseases. Similarly, purification of Vata, Pitta and Kapha accumulated in
Grisma, Varsa and Hemanta should be done in the month of Sravana, Karthika and Chaitra respectively.
- 7) All the diseases are produced by creation of unmanifested urges or suppression of natural urges. So one should
always avoid both to maintain the health
- 8) One, who is desirous of his own wellbeing, should take appropriate treatment while disease is in initial stages. These
are the measures in short which help in prevention and cure of Nija and Aganthuja variety of disease.
- The rejuvenation therapy (Rasayana chikitsa) is used in the prevention and cure of disease as well as prevention of old
age.
- Kashyapa has mentioned about concept of Bala Rasayana to enhance the immunity.
- If we compare the same concept in modern, the concepts of prevention as enunciated by Leavell and Clark have stood
the test of time.
- The basic framework worked out by them has practical utility even today. The four phases of prevention are:
- 1. Primordial prevention
- 2. Primary prevention
- 3. Secondary prevention
- 4. Tertiary prevention
- These phases are further categorized into five levels of prevention as follows:
- Primary prevention
- Health promotion
- Specific protection
- Secondary prevention- Early diagnosis and treatment
- Tertiary prevention- Disability limitation and Rehabilitation.

- Primary Prevention- The process of primary prevention is limited to the period before the onset of clinical disease in an
individual. Thus, activities directed to prevent the occurrence of disease in human populations fall in this category.
These activities are related to health promotion and specific protection.
- Health promotion: Health promotion is an all-embracing entity which goes much beyond prevention of only specific
disease. It is the means to attain a state of “positive health”, or, at least, “freedom from disease”. Health promotion
concerns activities within as well as outside the health sector.
- Specific protection: Specific protection has benefitted to a great extent by improved modern day medical technology.
Technological break-through has provided adequate and appropriate tools for prevention.
- Secondary Prevention- Secondary prevention comes into play after the disease process has been initiated in the human
host. The aim of such an approach is to minimize the spread of disease and to reduce the serious consequences. This is
achieved through early diagnosis and treatment.
- Tertiary Prevention-Tertiary prevention acts at the stage where disease has got established in the individual. It is a
costly venture, though recent efforts at community-based rehabilitation have tried to bring down the costs.
- Disability limitation: Here the disease has progressed significantly and has caused some loss of function of a temporary
or permanent nature. The idea is to provide relief to the affected individual so that a total handicap can be prevented.
This mode of prevention can be ill-treated by the example of leprosy. Leprosy can lead to irreversible ocular damage and
blindness when left untreated. If multidrug therapy is instituted even after some ocular damage has occurred, total
blindness can still be prevented.
- Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation can be considered as a preventive measure in that if effectively utilized, it can prevent
further social drift of the affected individual. Social drift is the phenomenon of going down the social ladder due to loss
of ability to generate income caused by disease. Rehabilitation is an extremely costly venture. The aim of rehabilitation
is to integrate the affected individual in the community by optimizing his functional ability. It involves psychological,
vocational and social and educational intervention.

HOMEOPATHY
 - Homeopathy is a therapeutic method using preparations of substances whose effects when administered to healthy
subjects correspond to the manifestations of the disorder (symptoms, clinical signs, pathological states) in the individual
patient.
- Homeopathy is a medical system devised by the German physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843) who first
postulated it at the end of the 18th century and codified it in 1810 in the first edition of his Organon.
- The aim of the homoeopathic remedy is to stimulate the body's immune system to fight the illness Homoeopathic
remedies may be drawn from herbs, metals but are safe because given in very dilute amounts. Homoeopaths treat the
whole person rather than the disease itself and a detailed history of the patient's likes, dislikes and habits is taken
before a remedy is prescribed.
- It is a recognized medical system in India through the Homeopathy Central Council Act, 1973. The system has blended
well into the ethos and traditions of the country that it has been recognized as one of the national systems of medicine.

The Law of Similar

- It is also called the Law of Cure. This law demonstrates that the selected remedy is able to produce a range of symptoms
in healthy persons similar to that observed in the patients. Based on his experiments, Hahnemann published this law in
an article “Essay on New Principle for Ascertaining the Curative Powers of Drugs” in Huffland’s Journal in 1796.
- This law is the principle of Similia Similibus Curentur i.e., let likes be treated by likes. Law of Similar teaches that every
homoeopathic remedy experimentally observed to have certain properties of producing a set of symptoms on healthy
human beings and when these symptoms match with a natural disease, it acts as therapeutic agent and help the body
to correct the disorder. As per this concept, the symptoms produced by the substance during the drug proving are the
signature of that drug.
- Therefore, in strict sense, this signature of the drug is the one and only one that qualify into the principle of Similia
Similbus Curentur. This is the most important concept in Homoeopathy.

Drug Proving

- Drug Proving is the systematic process of acquiring knowledge of the substances intended for the cure of the natural
diseases. In other wards it is the process of investigating the pathogenetic power of drug by administering the same in
to the healthy individuals of different age and both the sex. Therefore, it is also known as Homeopathic Pathogenetic
Trial (HPT). Drugs cure natural diseases by virtue of their capacity to induce changes, which are similar to those, brought
about by disease
- As per homeopathy, to apply drugs for therapeutic use, their curative powers should be known. The proving of the drug
is the experiment conducted to know these powers and is unique to homoeopathy as they are proved on healthy
human beings first, before being applied to the patients. The symptoms thus known are the true record of the curative
properties of a drug or the pathogenesis of a drug. Such symptoms are recorded and called as Homoeopathic Materia
Medica.

Homeopathic Remedies

- “Remedy” is a technical term in homeopathy that refers to a substance which has been prepared with a particular
procedure and intended for patient use; it is not to be confused with the generally accepted use of the word, which
means "a medicine or therapy that cures disease or relieves pain".
- Homeopathic practitioners rely on two types of reference when prescribing remedies: Materia medica and repertories.
A homeopathic Materia medica is a collection of "drug pictures", organised alphabetically by “remedy,” that describes
the symptom patterns associated with individual remedies. A homeopathic repertory is an index of disease symptoms
that lists remedies associated with specific symptoms.

Holistic as well as Individualistic approach

- Successful application of the law of similar depends entirely on concepts of individualization and susceptible
constitutions. This forms the corner stone of homoeopathy. The concept of individualization demands the
understanding of the total response of the living organism to the unfavourable environment. This total response is
understood through the signs and symptoms, emotional, intellectual (spiritual) and physical planes where the vital force
manifests itself. This is a unique concept of “disease” in homoeopathy
- Homoeopathic medicines are always prescribed for the complete package i.e., the individual, so naturally the medicine
will differ for different persons. The concept of susceptible constitutions is very much a part of the theory of chronic
 diseases. Hereditary influences and predisposition point to the primary causes of all the diseases, especially the chronic
type. Homoeopathic treatment gives us scope of modifying the adverse hereditary influences and predisposition to
disease, aiming at better adaptation of the patient to his environment, including his mental process. Thus,
homoeopathy is a practice of “constitutional medicine” of a higher order. It has great scope in the field of psychiatry and
psychosomatic diseases.

NATUROPATHY

- Naturopathy—also called naturopathic medicine—is a medical system that has evolved from a combination of
traditional practices and health care approaches popular in Europe during the 19th century.
- Naturopathy is an art and science of healthy living and a drug less system, It has its own concept of health and disease
and also principle of treatment. In today's age, Naturopathy is Recognized and well accepted as an independent System
of medicine. Naturopathy advocates aiding human system to remove the cause of disease i.e. toxins by expelling the
unwanted and unused matters from human body for curing diseases. Nature is the greatest healer. The human body
itself has the healing power to prevent itself from disease and regain health if unhealthy.
- In Naturopathy, it is not the disease but the entire body of the patient which is caused and is renewed. Naturopathy
cures patients suffering from chronic ailments in comparatively less time than any other form of medicine. Naturopathy
treats all the aspects like physical, mental, social and spiritual at the same time. Naturopathy treats the body as a whole.
According to Naturopathy, “Food is only the Medicine”, no external medications are used.
- Some important treatments of naturopathy are: Mud pack, Mud Bath, Spinal Bath, Spinal Spray Bath, Steam Bath, Sauna
Bath, Sun Bath, Wet Sheet Pack, Chest Pack, Abdomen Pack, Magnet Therapy, Acupuncture, Acupressure, Reflexology,
Physiotherapy Treatments - Exercise Therapy and Electro Therapy. Naturopathic doctors treat their patients holistically
i.e. taking into consideration their individual biochemistry, bio mechanics and emotional predispositions.

The origins of Naturopathy

- The principles of Naturopathy were first used by the Hippocratic School of Medicine in about 400 BC. The Greek
philosopher Hippocrates believed in viewing the whole person in regards to finding a cause of disease, and using the
laws of nature to induce cure. It was from this original school of thought that Naturopathy takes its principles.
- The healing power of nature – nature has the innate ability to heal
- Identify and treat the cause – there is always an underlying cause, be it physical or emotional
- Do no harm – a Naturopath will never use treatments that may create other conditions
- Treat the whole person – when preparing a treatment plan, all aspects of a person’s being are taken into consideration
- The Naturopath as a teacher – a Naturopath empowers the patient to take responsibility for his/her own health by
teaching self-care
- Prevention is better than cure – a Naturopath may remove toxic substances and situations from a patient’s lifestyle to
prevent the onset of further disease

Treatment

- An initial consultation with a Naturopath normally takes about an hour. During this time the Naturopath will ask
questions about the person’s condition, medical history, diet and lifestyle, and any conventional treatments that they
may be taking. The consulting Naturopath may then use Iridology (looking into the iris), or tongue and nail diagnosis to
get a better picture of the complete health state of the client. If needed, pathology testing such as hair, stool, or blood
analysis may be recommended.
- Once all of the information is gathered, a treatment plan is formulated that addresses all areas of the person’s life,
providing the body with the optimum chance to heal itself. The treatment plan may include advice on diet, lifestyle,
exercise, herbal medicine, homeopathic treatments, or other suitable remedies. A Naturopath may also refer the client
to other practitioners as part of an integrated health care approach.