Pakistan Studies 2059 GEOGRAPHY €2a2) HAMZA M. ALL MO betel dill Geography with Hamza Mohammad Ali DXA Hamza,mohammadaiahommailcouk of Hamzaaisese —€, 0345-2033634Transport and Communication H ‘Transport: M ‘The erm transport refs to the diffrent means wed for the ansportaon’movement of traded sods (primary and secondary from the aes of production tthe ce of consumption (art). ‘These mens ai cater tthe movement of people from place to place Monte Tapert Tien ae oN vow ‘Communication: v Scar tdes » ere war eeu eee iisswanaiean Means of transport: Radio + Televison Telephone Seren , Fans) MS ree aS e Ner@abi of Pistn ralays extends to $77Skm. 31 90 stations throughout the coun. “oval $4 i halts (or washing, servicing, fueling ee) "Netwoted alway lines stretches fom Karsh a the south o Peshawar the north [None in he highlands of noth and northwest Vv. EVENING PROGRAM venss MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPAGE 2 | Ruggod tran kes difficult o construct alway lines. Economically not feasible to ake ralay lines de to low population density ia iy * highlands Higher changes of datoges due oldies ny lift oa higher cost of imcoence. ‘Very expensive to ranspat aw materi for the construstio of ralvay sation. Dificaty in finding in ining the labour ore for constrton, Additonal cost of tensporation labour fre from ae reas. Describe the iitribution of railway network in Pakistan, Very Dene In Punjab Less dense in a2 Nba oeh-south direction, Few east-west diction Flowing the pater of vers Lines converging to southern Puja, Sindhi Mostly along river Indus. Mostyn north-south diction, EVENING PROGRAM way lines and VERGE MORNING PROGRAM‘Sparse In Khyberpakhtoonkhwa + Only important cites are connected Peshawar nd Madan are connected though iteay, Very sparse in Baluchistan ‘+ One branch fom upper Sind gous + Quen alia ln. ‘upper Baluchistan. Explain the distribution of railway network in Pakistan, ‘Movement of industrial goods. Movement.| + One window service fr ticketing and booking 2 Revitalization of Karahi ciralr alway (KCR). 1 Inrodstion of Karakorum express | rst cmts cetera % Lange quantes Eg ood rans, cota, mineral, il fertilizers, heavy machinery... Gauge system of Pakistan railways. Broad gauge “Track re and 3 inches apart. All important and operational routes 1. Meter gauge ‘Tracks ire 38 and 3 inches apart otis ue now Most are replaced by brood gangs. Narrow gauge 4 Tracks af 2M and 6 inches apa Notinuse now Mont rel by bpd " Pram Pbnn ag sos 2 Wok . pet Gs a tinings 5 serpin ont eoployest : vay ations villages with seal population scznaton Sten Sigua on set segment ofthe mail dl ines have wait for ter “rae pues becoe oly oon can move a tine utes and worm -oat ay tack. Development of Pakistan Railways: ‘+ Replacements of steam engines with diesel engines 1 Introduction of fst trans Shalimar express {Else traction 289 kam fom khanewal to Lahore Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Veaae MORNING PROGRAM VERGE‘Extension of Karachi circular railway. + Conversion ofsingle wo dual wack ‘+ Import of nw elway locomotives china, Dry ports Seaport or developed along th cons to promote fcign uae while dy pana te developed inthe areas avay from these o encourage foreign ade ry prt offer all the facilities of sea pos tothe inland cites. ry pris encourage import and export a waded goods direty tothe nla itis, ry ors not nly save time but also belp saving money Mosty dry ports ae owned, operated managed and developed by the Some dey pots ia Pakistan are developed by the private str. Process of dey port: ec ommsnene hy > Clarance : of earpoby the custom oficial. ofexport consi pe products on temporary bss inthe houses adn open yards. ry pot othe seaport and ry port a rts hat ae oly ano tsar. sheds, open spice and war hoses, including casom officials security aff ete ing dives loners watchmen ec looting facies. Refrigeration facilites forthe storage of perishable ems sch as vegetables, fits, ent, fish fe. Export cheaks and eearsne Security gate far Vv EVENING PROGRAM ease MORNING PROGRAM VERGEH Aims and benefits: M + Toredace work loa snd congestion at Karachi port and Pot Qasim Resolve problem af shortage a ace at Karachi port and Pert Qsin, ‘Speedup the custom procedures eoessing of fereign trade inloding checking and clearance of Chicago. Saves ine ramparts youd Wo Kacauisbovsefiee wonpont A ‘oath revene collection throughout the country instead at Karachi Fact the processes of import and export incong sorage ad trnsprtaton Simul frig ade acti in cis lasted aay rom the cosets Encourage insrilizaton throughout he county. oe acta the sii cities away fom 00a Spendsup cum procter olin, “rani Dry ports in Pakistan: Deen ere eae a aor yp elie in 973. Karchidypon—_exblibed in 1974 Qt dy port” exabined n 1984S Peshawar dry post esalsodin986 > Malan ey port sabi 188, Raval y port sabi i 1980/ In addition to the above, oe fe eid ad ‘under the management cf vate 1 Sito eypor, ~G, «Seis in 1988 2. Fala eygoet.. 7 entbisbd in 1954 3. Pak-tnse Probleme tah Bows X . ey oficial, + singles + los tfeveme > detrtio of india XX Me EVENING PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAMPAGET 'H Roads: “Most popular mean of tansportin the country. ‘+ Road uansport cases nny 829% + Oftoa passenger trafic and 84% of oa eight afc. Ronde are ued forthe moverent of labour free. Ronde lp movereat of tapped gode bus prompt intra and forcign dade. Roads help inthe movement of primary and secondary goods fom the ae of production A to the are of construction, Road transport inches motor vehicles such as cas, buses, trucks rckshgns and motreyels ‘Types of roads: 1, Metaled roads: S + Propely constuced using heavy machinery ‘Their surfaces are made oft. ‘They provide smoot and Mat sefce They appear dak rey to black in colour. They ae moat gt with soot cans. eet tien enieeeta ee 2 4 Thesoaremade of ay bck These roads do nt require heavy machinery for construction, ‘+ They provide flat surfce whch soften not very smth ‘+ No bates or fotpathsontheirsdes. ‘+ These are narrow tacks mony with single ane ‘These sou ate usally sight wit smooth curves ‘These are very commen in sll owns an Vilas Vv. EVENING PROGRAM ‘Wenge MORNING PROGRAM VERGEH ‘Types of vehicles using such roads: Moreeles, + Bicycles, + Sep + Tractor, Tralleys te Al enn Seo These are famed ooo he excessive une of tack of path ‘They ae not pop constcted. Th rie readies ur od wih end They ual appear ht own i colour, ‘hese acs we malo gate wi ery shay Wild bushes and roses grow on the sides of such acks.\ “hese od onlin renter res Bicycles, Movoreyeles, ‘Animal eats, ‘Tractors, ‘Types of vehicles using such roads: ¢ Ay Construetion of Metal oF Puen Fonds: Tevelng te sues 2 ayer fsa ep ijestone ai own Compan of Imesode cendstonethrogh hen oles a compton Layer fat ad Sate sre oil inthe cvites a batwen the eck, Water piel the surfice o make sind compact. ‘vipat wou bey oles and compacts 1. Satie apated wit ne gran coal. 5. Compton ving role snd compactor. 9. Trimming on the sides to ive afin lok 10. mnking of aces and sis 11 Road ined be wed by he veces. € EVENING PROGRAM Vee MORNING PROGRAMPAGES Principal roads of Pakistan: H Ree ence cee eae M Kaci Lore [rst north direction [Rnueon the cave le fiver Indu. A > > > > Passing through Hyderabad an Suara sind > > > Panne on nd Ste ah ae ee tee Chen ene The Grand Trond: aces Sy mn > Runnin North West ad thn west towards Pesan > roses though Kye pas to Afghanistan > made by ser shah su > Liking kabulpesanar-Latore-detirbengil > teed eainge ron Possng through » B (regional cooperation development) highway. 1 connects Karachi to Quett. From Outs tres farther westward ‘Connects Pakistan with Irn though Zaidan pass bore. ‘rom fan it furthers goes to turkey inthe west. [Not well developed and ths atrats lesser atic. Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Vesos: MORNING PROGRAM VERSE| H Other Important Highways 1. Lahore o Questa highway 2. Saburo Quatiahiahway 3. Karakora highway 44 Malan coastal highway between Karachi to Gawd. “Theo highwaye ar ee importa intr of traffic oad and economic importance A Reasons for vew major roads and railways in Baluchistan: tne nen (ag) Dla stent eo emma oh > Rovio ci ote Soe eee > Raed ckynoantnoustnren/oiana/ckteshils mae Bip ial fase soto. ‘Desert/lack of water difficult working conditions for rad construction. es rect eet amen ee Present politica instability does no allow consiaston and evelopments| Lite or few industies this very limited demand for aj sida Tia of Piano per drops tig Shines Reef ramp a ncondang developed at: tntlanion tgp knit sprees one Se Cirle sae wei igo dmc > Pat tvel orc nd etl aircon. > Encand dy ports an bp deyelapod aero losatios promoting tae > Betier acess to porta gain foreign ade atvtes. Cena dorepeht gifenet opr rcetd ie > Telnaes cpt vi Qs pane ir vob ote ne > teufel atin woes seed cel > Promotsh of small ie industresindusrial linkage Ton te abner ur Sion ala cpgauornere pln and ns develope’ CGetingdelment Acer scr tne eign marks ‘Higher income ~improved living standards and better quality of life. Mon iyo movement fw enforcement gece Vv. EVENING MORNING PROGRAM Moe EVENING PROGRAM VeagsDifference in the road network of Sindh and Punjab: Road networkin Punjab is more dens, While, ‘Th ond network in Sindh i ess dense. |i Sindh ‘other roads’ are more dense mainly in south sie Road networks dens al, ver Punjab exept ia southeastern pat ‘There are mote reas in Sindh wih few or no oad wile Tn Puja there te very few areas wih 0 roads ‘There are more centestcontlunce in pia while, ‘There ae very few centres eonuence asad 1a Sindh 2 main roads follow river Indus vi In Panjab roads spread out following the of ives oO Motorways ae mainly a upper Panis wile, (Only 1@etween Karachi and Hyderabad) S (dh and Punjab: oad mainly fellow these owes slong rivers ‘abitele areas ia south eater retin st repon-moe hbiable seas n Panis, yi: EVENING PROGRAM veniss MORNING PROGRAMPAGE 12 panera rs ce wi = Be. = eee A Comparison between the N-5 and the Indus highva “The NS rane othe cost of ver Indus while, Inds highway rns to he western side of iver side. “The N-5 beads nothin Pua y While, ~ “The Indus highway runs in nocthvest Following ony thoadus. eo areal wn ch Ist a api anc Sal eg ore ‘The NS ian indiet ote oP trough Pons was, es ‘endian oes Peshawar. Se ‘The NS croses yd Punjb ince: Inds Ravi aod Su} While, ‘The Indus hwy Sess only (one nds iver. Palin motontags: te Beech Lhe 2 ta Poser 5 Pact mrt Rema oyna portance of motorways: Tetlr movement of Buised products fom industry to prt and other towns tester movement ofr’ atta and machinery t industry Stimulates industrial development near motorway (Opens up undeveloped areas for development VV _evewnns procram MORNING PROGRAM VERGEIps development of ey ports beter movement of businessmea/toursslexperts Faser tae! duet ope roads and lesser afi. Bete st smoot rn sarface Wie oud fo large vehicles clang lois Well-mainiained and provide all necessary support services ding traveling. Ofer by. pnses through towns and villages Relives wai eoagesion on oer ad gv ays Disadvantages of using motor ways: ‘ery expensive de ta high lx Takes long time to build EAS Needs regular maintenance Extra costo economy may led to increased debt Only connect large economic eens ad itis ‘Will a goto many small owns url area anywhere Motor ways ae far expensive factor to belp development Wy Nod Matorwap AS east sada psd S 5 baa ee SY” 1 Remco post + Smt oan + Themotorways ca be rovideall year ound Highways connect ing though the city enter wil, hes passing fom the ote parts ofthe city. eller towns an villages ‘On highways thre sno restriction on ypes of vehicles (actos, cars and motores et) ‘Oly specified veicles can use motorways (at, ops uses, ad trucks et), ‘Oa highways tfc cn entero ex fom ty point, wile, ‘On motorways there are spefed etry an ex points VY _tvenweprocram Venos MORNING PROGRAM VERGEHighways tke more me to each destinations while, ‘Motorways offer longer distances in terms of road length ‘Highways tke more ime to reach destinations wile ‘Movorvays are quicker ‘Speed limits for highways are less usually 10 0 110 kmvhou, while, Sood limit for motorways is high wally 120km/our. “There are more tai jams and congestion on highways while, Motorways offer smooth and open roads. a aareres Lenle5al Tigheys have vy sors tl hag os le, SS Motorways highly aed on wage. Advantages of road em de transport: Tae rca oft a oy. vi, Ox Retin Gn tae Tey Syne rain ee eee eee Fete ie insets mh noe Road transport wives door to door service. rhilway ate reasible only to cary large amounts. ‘May rads are recently contracted and thus ne. wile, Vv MORNING PROGRAM VERGE EVENING PROGRAM venosRaiway tacks ar very unreliable Huge investments have bon mide on highiays aod motorways, wil, Railways are acing investments for beterment 3 Oneataieways= 1989 Crescent airways closed their operation in 1955, Pakistan airways nd orient irways merged together to sine Pia) ia 1955. Bhojaailiaes. a Piais aly pubic sector sitne operational in P > Ineary 1980's thee were thee private adines| C + Shaben ines \ Aero Avia and 5 > Co) Effectiveness of air transport: Fast More effective for high vale and lightweight prodet Useful forpoople who value tine over money. Reads and eailways are more concentrated on plang Few mountainous destinations are accesible iaked by roads, “Many nother aeas ae accessible by inching Gilg, Shards nd Chile. Increased earnings and sing standard fling in the county du oindustilization and urbanization leading to aes fferdbilily Via EVENING PROGRAM esas: MORNING PROGRAM SEExternal factors ‘Air cargo service upto Mie Faster counties has encouraged exports of perishable goods {improved means of communication has made nr tansprt safer then ever fre. Tncretsing rte of iterations migration i lending to mote pasenges nines Tiproved ar ranepot facilites ha mde # mot eomorohe than ever sch as moving slept Jana nterational apo Distribution of airways from northern punjab: eas oe eee aoe thee eee og fener a {Eteach net pacer Cee -Aictaapot network swell dsributed througoat Paiste) eet fr nortem mountains Disadvantages of using a transports. bas clinseigfecinow pal Rien sry. Usui a i eb so. ee SN nang Iitanpy dee spre dort eos Mpaleechc oi se eae sponsible for the development of international airports at particular ft Pakistan: International airport at Karachi: “+ Locations of Kara -on ee iematinal gt path betwee ae a we 1 Shenter distance o Middle Faster counties novelef and climatic hindrance problems {Provincial epta-movement of goversest offic’ diplomats, + Dense poplstion-moce people to travel by ai x € EVENING PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAM‘+ Mor investment opportunities tact foreign investors ising standard of Hvng-more people can lord to travel by ai International airport at Lahore: + Locations onthe easter border. + hore dita to Indi ‘Provincial captal-movemet of government oficial and diplomats + Improved infastrctrecay o develop apart Ring standard of ving more people ean afford to travel by ‘+ Important trae and industrial ene fren tad, Dense population -mare peopl to evel by ar International airport at Islamabad ‘+ Porsign delegations and diplomat’ mostly eqn I Tdsiweltesl epee PSOE: OS + Located ia oeth-westerm pr of Skin bor ditanoeto Afghanistan. 4 Provincial capital frequent of ernment oficial ‘High population density ‘Located onthe south west of Pakistan -shotr distance to Mile Easter ountes + Impovinginfasrutre including Malean const highway Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Veaes MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPAGE 18 Most common mean of fregn te teasporttion. A Mostly used to handle heavy, bulky and large amounts of cargo which do wot necd quick 4 Nearly 90% of otal foreign trade cared out though waterways ‘Types of water transport A 1+ Inland water transport: Movements apn dct CS. Derive chumle tnd ge ke ee ed fr water mar. , etatedin ny counes doo salle and ober ean omarion of das oo aaa. + Unto imate es end poset. Sy 2 Open sea transport: eee + Movennt of pusenger or crgo sero th Gout" Inland waterways in Pakist VERGE oti ih consti cary mort of etna wae tough sex tan ‘Used ony fo intemationl ade. ¢ (o> Ices vs wit Sp fae. tnd emcee Spel naa dc Low flow of waier in viver chatinels. Souter Oe Rierchete gt ep ni ove tp High spp aia nthe few of water roghoa he ya Deal pair obser cree mca ticle he ai * gametes Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Vengs MORNING PROGRAMSeaports: Facilites movement of ship long the cost lp ships loading nd unloading the cargo for ‘aad, Seaporte of Sindh: Large ports: 1. Kemi pot 2. Muhanad bin asim port ‘Small ports: 1 Kemar port Seaports of Baluchista Large ports: 1, Gada dy ea prt Small ports: 1+ Onan rma, CN =i" Vv % loca Be west of fads dela deep wate natural seaport ¥, ‘AniI-km long approach chanel which provides sfe navigation fo living esas % receives ol tankers contin blk and general ea hips, Natural harbor protested hy isan ad ea water Manors Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Vanes MORNING PROGRAM 13EWharf: [Avwartis a sacture oo the shore ofa arbor where sips may dock to load and nla cargo ot Poenger atch a structure includes or more brs (mooring locations) and may also inelude Pts, warebowero other facilities necessary fr banding the ships. Facilities to modernize and develop Kemarl port: Devon al rat rail lung org sd a of id Gememene ecm i a Seeenere presi ai een Si aera orale pe econ an haan fbb handle mae volun re) Nevin eds and radars to gid tbe sip. e ee acc ebb a ced gpg ol ae eee y Aree eh cares hn vines Sk ee cece dead peewee fee com indleg ONO ‘enefts of developing transport and coiimiinication in Pakistan: ‘A-Social benefits: sees 1+ Acces inomatinn ph Spend ofedeion 4” yoshi Ey aprock ppulae contol programs eter soil took Deter gd og xpapgnof wh enters rae ore employment opportunities Promote indusalization ‘More tes and revenue for government ay svalblity of ferlizes and inproved seeds esr ocet to market > Inreves export of perishable items. Nes EVENING PROGRAM ease MORNING PROGRAMPAGE 21 C- Political benefits: a 1 Promotes defense ofthe country by facilitating the movement of troops 2 Improved law sn oxder situation 5 Promote polities awareness among ral population Advantages of developing transport and communication to a remote rural A + Development of mineral and other economic resources + Promotes trae by proving acest international markets for local ‘gvodar ort olan and Afghanistan, + Indasia development of employment opportunites. 1 Acces to consumer gods such s bute foods, machines 1 Acces beter heath and education faites ‘+ Distnce taming through online lestures a ‘offered by Allame Iqbal Open Universi Devices for telecommunication: Mobile phones serves. © Computers| © Laptops © Radioe C EVENING PROGRAM Vesss MORNING PROGRAM mmH M A vi (© Televisions © Mobile hanes: (Portable elecronic devices ete ‘Organizations working for the development of telecommunication 1 PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited 2. PTA. Pakistan Telecommunicaon Auorty 5. NTC National Telesommaniction Corporation 5 PPO. Pakhan Pos Offi a Impact of elecommunicaton: La OY ‘Telecommunication has a significant social, cultural and economie injpect 08 mocern society. Beonomie impacts: \ a-For Retailers: \ 1 Inthe cave of online retailer “amazon.com: peopl an buy many things athome ‘© Even the conventional reales bas bbe fem beter felecommoncatin infastuctae compared to their oipetior by providing home deliveries Sociatimpact: §—“&\ © Improved edueatons® Ys. © Une o tres tela, © Use of malimedi he clss oom. © Bringigg ll nermaton fo the classrooms © Vin unieries- online courses © -Oiln ete of sitferent disciplines © “Teacher ning courses in rural areas 1 Can promte women education i villages. © Impowet nd widespread primary edcation in the county Yves program Venss MORNING PROGRAMGovernment efforts to develop and promote ‘elecommunintion in Pakistan: | Provision and expansion of telecommonication nett ia the county. Development of internet across Pakistan [Lact of online leaning programs aro the country Steps taken forthe establishment end development of soars indy 6. Establishment of sills development council msinly for KCT training, Problems of developing and promoting telecommunication: 1+ pensive to develop and use 2. Difficult establish in moursinousogged areas 3- High maintenance cost - Lack of sil fo esabish and develop {and/mud sing: thunderstorms and avalnches can + Lack of power saplyin many highland areas (Can ead wo tenorsnvincreasad crime rat Lack of goverment wl t develop an p Few private foreign companies investing ile EVENING PROGRAM ens MORNING PROGRAML co ust TR the smallest scale of industrial work in which vex stand fo worker sre needed. No government at applied, for example all i mechanic taloring hop, barbering et . U, Small seale industry Tn this evel of industry investment evel is Smiltion fees wi no fimit on ‘employment. Some government taxes and dates re appli TL Large seale industry Ne isthe ze inden ea get ge 00 nt of nee or ‘employment, All government taxes and duties ate apple. Sector of industry Secondary industry , Industrial Organization iteiZone is specially ranged aca by the goverment setup ll pe of industies Soda babe flies can be provided 0 indastialiss, For beam = Btiety ‘Telecommuniaton Road Raitways Fire iting Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Yvease MORNING PROGRAM RGE _+ Secariyy > Banking Transporation ollowing ar the important india states in Pakistan + Sind industrial and tnding estate (SLT.E) + Koran Industrial Este ‘Quake Azam Industrial Ese-Lanore Nooraba Indastial Bstte Gadoon Amazai Industriel Estate Peshawar special typeof industrial estate where only expr olin ste ipa EPs in Faison v oer Kah $ trzsiato ee Oe jor In 1. Cotton Industry, a Cen ed rh io ih cn ei Beis = ‘This industry is also called Textile Industry where dying and priating are TV. Garment Indus, 1 garment indy, catlon cot swe to make gues 2, Cement industry ‘Cemet Industry is found in ocky areas because aw material forcement soch as limestone, clay and gypsum are easily available thee, Coa poder i note important raw mateval forcement aking. Vv. EVENING PROGRAM venss MORNING PROGRAM VERGEI the raw materials suchas imestone ly and cel powder are at into a big inom einer called Rotary Kil, wher thew material i crshed into powder, This powders ‘ey in cole. In the lst stage gypsum is added o make fnal produ, Following ar inportant cement indus Faloa Cement Lock Cement Pak ind Cement Anwar Zab Cement Uses + Consration + Crockery + Crate tae 2 Sugar Industry ¢ ‘Super sates aro based ndash snl ea sugarcane el to reduce ansporation cots and ik supply, Ther ptr uscd for sugar mating is age Cave ada few hemes Sogt-cane ob ee within 5 days ofbarveing there wl es its wight sod opr cote, Sphane jue i sored in ig irom tank where it bolo mis bon sus Ba sl ene wit sone chia mae white xylose. a “There are two min, ina ioe industry. They are as follows 1 Mano yd ith ow scones io inky tems ices aia nd ose Ce ed wae of pri wie ilo make pba, Saget isa er ng 4, Oilrefining industry ‘Crude oil isthe ra material for refining industries. It is ened through 9 complex proces called Fraconal Distillation. Ther area number of petroleum produets They tea follows © Gasolae + Kerosene + Paraffin Vv MORNING PROGRAM VERGE EVENING PROGRAMDiesel fen 0 aa M ae Peteum Illy abrcans Following arth important refineries in Pakistan ‘Pakistan Refinery Limited ~ PRL Karachi ‘+ National Refinery Limited ~ NRL Karachi G | ‘+ PARCO Refinery Limited Multan ‘+ Attock Refinery — tock ‘Crue oi and refined are wansported tough various maods waif Pipeline ‘Truck ~Movnted Tankers > toutes ieee + Pa caneaCoomos S ‘5S. Lon and Stee! Indus Delta eee caterer 7 ee ea at CoS Sil are the only facility inthe county t make cow toa fom inl small an use on seap. Pakistan tel mils are largest te county. roa oe isimpored from Austali and New Zesland, Some hined at Kalbagh t western Punjab, Following sre pot tea mills Pakistan Stst Mills Corporation — Karachi ‘+ Meopolitan Stee Mil Karahi ‘Amro Sel Mil = Karachi ffi See Mil — Lore ‘Mughal Sel Mil Lahore ‘The main products ofthis industry are + Tron shea Vv. EVENING PROGRAM ease MORNING PROGRAM RGE+ ton bas + ton lls ton garder Ris an economic indir. Afghasisian isa source of roa Sep fr Pakistan 6. Fertilizer Industry Teisan apo bese industry which supplies support material forareulta, “The raw matrils are + Roten pins + Phosptovous A + Sulphue ot + Water Oe e Ovy + Cow dine iY + Natural Gas Rte plants, water and eow dung ate puting itp ontainen where they chert me tps noe op eg aghi o aon ile lat ag nap ink Geog Flee Simponan feitzeeactries VD + Fay Friier Company ~FFC Machi Ss 4 Engr Fetzer Company —Mipuc Matis. > 4 Fatima Ferttizer Company ~ Sa + Swuli~Pak Ferizer Company Milian” + Dawood Hercules Fertig Peshawar Talons oc pil pace Phosphate Fei \, Sulphate Fetzer * > isa very impor industry bees it conte bout 10% he otal export tom Paifen, Snot the main centro his indus. Spots goods from Sialkot are in igh demand inthe worlé because of high quality and standard. Following are the raw raters Leather Wout Raber Pasi Meta Cloth va EVENING PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAM+ Tread Adhesives + Paper + Colors, Following are common products of his industry Fool, Hockey Cricket bat Basket ball Rackets Balls Nett cub Safty equipment Spons wear ‘Surgical Instruments Industry THis another very important ind ibtes about 6 i the asl emet e oe eee GG NUes Chemical BletcalAtgchiegt Weimps Sigg oe. Following common pict of tis nary = Tobe cuters Pipes Lahore, Sistot and Hafizabod ar the main center of thi industry. M EVENING PROGRAM veage MORNING PROGRAMPAGE 30 H| 8. Brick Kil Industry “This industry provides ae material fr constuction industry. Following are M the raw materi for this indus. uy ‘Straw A : Limestone ave pe of he ek made ating pasta wooden ye, Now thes willbe put {in sunight wo get them dy for 3 = days. i k ainss oh ecigeogipecins ‘is mintined for atleast 8 hours. Mud and bricks are turned int Kardand ed bricks, This industry sa big a pollutant therefore itis up away fom cites i vile. 9. Crafts Ind . Ts cotag instr hese lel malo wed o pode ‘adits wth the lp of simple ol. Follows reese cats nduses Wood work ‘ Meta wor Marble work lowe making Entoiery Bastemating AL’ (CapstAirak makin % Patsy aia, ~S Cruising provides employmat to good mame of pope in al prt of tn het oy 10, Téuarism Ind “SYA tourist is a person who visits a place for more than a week and less than thos mona Pepe vis feet places fr many esos, Hirst ses * Plginase Following ae conon fon destination + Mughal Monuments ° Tala + MotejoDeo Vv PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAM VERGE EVENINGPAGE 31 + Noten Ares H + Holy Shines ee Tcwtnertninteirencerain ete (IA ee ee age eee ea Series vA aaa eee! Tourism in Pakistan isfcing great problems beease of and tees, Goverment ha taken serious action solve problems Lond shedding Lack of nvertment Bad ineastucture Inconsistent government polices ‘Unsklled Labour Bod law and order Offi cortuption xewaeee ‘Une apprenticeship scheme people ge raining in sctus india covioament for 2403 yeas Polytechnique Ta Polytechnique inser, steno sining Suing formal action Matric or Inter love ‘5. Goverment mst contol aw and order situation by controling kidnappers bck mailers 1nd extotonsts to encourgeindustaist nd business men. es Vv. oe PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAMPAGE 32 lal 6. Govemmen officers must work within he leg limits to bep industrialists aml businessmen within the legit. Tis tite wil rede corruption M ‘Trade Terms 4. Commerce Come i ie evince ol attra de nd A (nein, Fetes Pri, sp) sup per, being, aes c 1 2, Trade Balance KS “The trade balance is the comparison of imports and éxports of teéuntry, If a country imports more and expect le then wil ben negative Fd Yalan, Of the other hand agora matinee ol pa ae plas ferme Thom cme BS aoe ees omy: Ray posi creep Foal Epon Roniincer 4 Trade Defi ‘The negative trade blaace sls alle ade deficit in which county bears td, Trade Surplus \ Titer ade als wih 6. Foreign Exchange / Fonsi Cees bila term for international curencies in which most ofthe minal ad ste gene or eer exe reas oe Pay 2 Value Added Gaol NG Nai soit me he tings which ps rough sone poceing and pscaog St a ol belo ier ie VERGE EVENING PROGRAM Vense: MORNING PROGRAMPAGE 33 ‘Caton Exports Sports Goods and surgical instrument industry and elecuoni gods ‘lary equipments, ‘Caton produc Fee sport Computers, edibleo, Wheat | gods, surgical instraments snd Bleconic goods fede "Tele machine, tvle chemicals leather chemicals ‘nd ferns from here Tei mana ae hoa exh ce | Gol prt nd flats fo nd dere sizeof Soe ( me ASD ee eee { trom pnt Voited Kingdom United Arab Emirates Tiskspor aqme, ih nd profes, Como omputers, Chemicals, ron | products ree, Spor go, ‘nd sel products nd orga instrament, Frits and tectonic goods vegetables Vv EVENING PROGRAM Veaes: MORNING PROGRAM VERSEPAGE 34 ; . en 1) Bits ate: The number of bie ben per 1000 people i the population pe year 2) Deal ate: The aumbe of people des per 1000 people population pe es 3) Dependency ratio: The rao of the number of dependents othe umber of working popula deco. 4) Int Mota Rate: The numberof Iafants under one yar old wi die pr 1000 lve isp ya, 5) Lie ctpency: The mie of ers hs pen expec ie tits 6 Navrlincren: The feence between hemamber bith and bof Shs pie eag ene i 8) Population pont: The ri fn nea ad ter 5) Sonate The mber of aes for every 10 fol Taberiats aoa terns a epee el ipPopulaton dest. The ment f pole ving is iter Pace Sgome km |p, anatnmesne a e oe Pemee eect 12) Under population: situations where there pW fo poop lly exploit te resources of scot < 14)Census: A survey of poplin ora sell ap oat Si gesand pee ee eet 19 Delong coms The poor eqs nich muy somone deem eaten en hich Susie ses War Baad ain ees ere ee 16 Banomi Develop he which sunt rest wath "nits epee epi sry pon ate tena Liye! mint Pe Bent of people within the county 19)Planned migation: The mévemeat of people that is encouraged and organized by a vere aor aay The movement of people from the rural areas ofa sountry to its apoE The reduction or decline of population in geographical arc. fe The practices of some pstoral farmers to move thse Mocks o herds of igla)Sronly otven two repos wih iter cial condon The fen i necessary to take advange of seasonal gazing such athe summer pasture in mountains regions, 23) Emigrant perso whe has left his her county and stein another country. 24)lmmigrant person who comes olive ina foreign county. 25) Open unemployment Persons above ten Years of ape looking for employment but carrently employed 26) Under employment: When a person's is employed but blow his or her usications and ‘experience Vv. EVENING PROGRAM MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPAGE 35 ‘Types of Population 1. Under poplation 2 Over population 3. Optimum population 1. Under population rs=z * penne eee ae en Seen eS Sen ees cece ‘Limited o no ezanomic grow, High rte of unemploymey enoyment 3. Optimum Population welfare programs. 4 Child welfare program. 2, Role of NGO's + Rahoun foundation. ‘+ amily planing association of Pakistan. ‘These NGO's ate working in collaboration with Government. Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Venss MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPAGE 36 13 Increased teracy rate * More Schools 1+ Free primary eeation in Puiah ean end phys ios A + Mor iain 1+ More jobs in tetry sector. Change from grealure to indus, Less demand of manual labour. ‘5. Roleof Ulemas and Scholars *+ Convince people o cont popolation. + Emphasis on good quality of i 46, More Educational instttion for girls Compulsory education forgirs. A, ‘+ Delaying age of maringe 7. Resource development 7 ‘Development of mining project 4 Development of fiseries on moder fins ‘Land eclamation to obi Tring Sid + More indusal develope 8. Controting illegal migeaion ‘Stet avs spun lesa Ss Increased sous of western borders Drawbacks of high populigion growth rat 1 Foretyngatoibgehs ora he ne eof 2 Thre apes eso ince, 3. Hospital Wcities ani child and maternity centers are inadequate to cope with the ingeaolhy wun of patents 4. (Pedple don spe proper food, because there are more mouths to feed, 5 Geencg ios rica tl pus coe yee & Bicostste polos cers hwsag tl etme probleme ome ink fo adel cod ei cone toa, 1, Nera ale i lo capo pov ral ine beatin ee pee fennel lewd cle’ etn i eoesgs aan eaeartoes oes ends wap eae init cot af vng ne ely po ea ape a fin cin tan pone os le eal {0.Untvt nd ellen woul open sch oe ond nal eg ben eof cee ieee cee Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Vanes MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPAGE 37 | 11. Dense traffic on rade would resin frequent scidents: Road woald become death raps ‘and there would bettie jams, Population structure ‘Another way to sbalyze populations isto wea population pyramid. A graphidevice hat, shows sex and ape distribution of population. Population pyramids A popilton pyramid isa typeof graph that shows the gender and ge distebtion of Population, The sizeof one axe group compared to another may bave economi, Social and political consequences. Factors affecting the shape of population structure: ~\. a CS 2 Malena to Y © Life expectancy. ¢ eS oe Bee gee ee 7 yeu 6 6 yon | os = | TT x [Ee bio So eer M A Nv. EVENING PROGRAM Veses: MORNING PROGRAMIndication: High bie ate High dependency ratio Fallin death rte More people in mide Almost equal male-female ratio Limited aged popeltion ‘Overall high population growth, A\ Dependency aio Aged dpendoul (64 and above) + Young dependents (0-14) aE Working population (15-0) Problems of high dependency ratio: Less pec tapi incre Lele ork eins Pipe ding mote than one jobs Lenefivorkng hours Nomopey for education General tend of poverty Nomoney for elution layenents In isa condition in which any person 10 yest of age ad above, who wetked one hour during the reference period, nd was eter pid employed or self-employed De EVENING PROGRAM VERGE MORNING PROGRAM VERGIGhost employment: A.gpe of employment where employees ony exit in documents “They wee nver bom but are shown on pyrolls of any company or organization sty ia government public sector. Under employmes ‘State of being ansble to fnd an appropriate job that isthe edacatinal standards ad qualification of an individual ‘Gosliiedand capable penn doing a sub-standard o odd job. < Province In Poirier ane tices v Yy ) ige of labour force is employed in primary sector? ives in ural ras isthe most dominant occupation in Pakistan igh deitand of anal abour in agricul sor. “Most uel population is iterate. Other sector equzestshnical raining and knows how. ‘Many areas arene in metalic and non-metal mer av. EVENING PROGRAM Venis MORNING PROGRAM ERGEPAGE 40 ew instil ent 4 Shorage of over, eneray ad eeeticiy A Lie demand du to eof machine Increasing bia Vy Mor inernce inl ‘Why the percentage of labour force in secondary sector is very small? Limited cation, Limit sil. Why the percentage in tertiary sector in increasing very fast? Increasing literary rat inthe country. More ty channels, ¢ “More mobile phone companies. “More hospital means more doctor More hotels Few indostesin county ‘Uncertain industri pols. ‘Most profit generating osupatns. More banks x4 More restasres ‘Unemployment: State of being unable to Fi pid Divorce capable of doing ob Disguised Unemployment: ec we ehh kerogen aly ea by oe oS is ey nda ene sect. cap becaltalated in numbers, but individuals cannot be identifier. > lesb pdaty prea Dr Less profit,” ket i migration ‘Reston for dngised unemployment oP Sve poelin Bier cece anlar > Law ota > Link of em and ining oie other eter > ‘Reasons fr unemployment: Inara areas: "High population growth ate > Mechaization in agricole Vv EVENING PROGRAM Venes MORNING PROGRAM veRGePAGE 41 Smale fann de to nw of inheritance > iercy Tnarban areas: ‘Mismatch In demands end supply of labour fre. > Lack of technica taining > Rual town migration > Politica instability leading to low economic growth Population distribution: ‘Speed of popeltion in an re refer tothe popolaton disbaton, rn ‘The milons of people in Pakistan ae not disuibute equally ac Some lands rent siabe for human habitation, > Several fitors including os ter people Ive ais oe Tomes ef poputtnssution: ‘Even dszbaon \ > . 2 tele pein ag ark Population sets epg ein. Tee den pe Nba oY tit en pt a ee oe tems ss ie reached by dividing the numbers of inhabitant nan area by he total mount of land they ocepy. ‘Because population isnot distributed evenly aos the land, dhe numer maybe Certain reas may be densely populated while thers ae gute hal popubte, Vv. EVENING PROGRAM VEESS MORNING PROGRAM VERGEPopulation density = Total popsaton Pal ‘Tota sess OF Ue CouRTEy (HG) Factors affecting Population density and Distribution: Topeak a Fuld and Ci, ‘Warn hot arena] Colo very a fae dye tenn ol exng Loin Raa Fegan wl | Bik ET SO of unio eat | afd distribution: Fee eae a Uecaeote etds. ‘Mineral Resor (Eesronmentl plain, se pllton ie pollaton Farm Land Fertile Plains gation’ vf Waterloggedandralne land facilites 7” | wit eroded el Power Sonny Continuopaystable wed] Expensive and infeqoeat chesp asus of power | supplies, Load shin “Transpo and communication setwork af oads, | Poor wansprt ana commangation ntvork. Torin Taseaare, plated wader ons with secaity and | developed tourist destinations eal and edoeaion\. “S| Good hosptTand wehools | Improper and naloquate 7 ‘within the reach bln and edveston feces Migration ‘+The foces of moving fom ove place to anthe with intent of staying atthe esnation, permanently o fo long paid of tine, ‘+ Migation canbe done by push factor pull facto. Migation = Emigration + immigration ‘The at of poople coming ito» counry/res forthe purpose of permanent Emigration: Act of leaving one's coutry/are to stein another ‘ V5 EVENING PROGRAM eae MORNING PROGRAMFactors determining the types of migrations: 1. Cause ‘Voluntary or involuntary 2 Duration —~ ‘Seaton orPentaneat 3. Disice = ——_‘nteml or nteratonal 4 Odgin == Ruraloruban ‘Types of migration: 1. Voluntary migration ‘Mostly under the i uence of Pull factors 2 Involuntary migration ‘+ Mosly under te influence of Pash Factor. 1, Internal Migration: Rural to Urban Dee: In seach of Peaceful fost afer retirement o> Mostly af Kor Vv EVENING PROGRAM ERGEPAGE 44 Causes of internal migration: Pall actors Fly Hes ster anepot Climate {opportunites eter edveaton Lames cost of ving Bete living conditions 10. Bntersinment Involuntary migration: Rural Push Factors ‘Aline of landlords Polite instability Poor housing Religious intolerance Drowehe tural Few jobs Poor medial cre Food shortage 10, Death treats : 3 r : & Nene nae : z Problems of Rare 1 meta pe Tete rng coon Serta 2. Unplanned growth or ets: inplaned constructions SArpanson fetes ‘Environmental degradation; 4 Natural resourees under great stress (ve population Water polation Land pollution Heath hzards A polation dae to tafe congestion EVENING PROGRAM Gh slums and quater setements Vense MORNING PROGRAM44. Increase Crime rate: ‘+ Lackof employment ‘+ Expomue tome . Pressure on Infrastructar! "Food poly eal iis leticty sippy Gas spply Telephone lines ‘Causes of emigration: Posh from Paki "Unemployment and underemployment 1 Poor power infastuctr + Compton ‘Polis nstbiity Slow economic eowth Lack of study opportunites Lack off oppotaitis Soci dsriminaton Les mica files eee Vv. EVENING PROGRAM Veags MORNING PROGRAM VERGESustainable population: sone that can be maintained at that mmbec of people indefinitely without adversely impacting the environment or the quality of ie off the members of hat popolton Stile opin a fe tae y: Creating awareness ofthe hazards of over popolation and high poputon growth ate ‘+ Implementing the roe of ndvidsl in conoling high population groseth rate © tclsiaing a gt ed women cdc nh racy + Implementing bi coniros programs throughout the country particularly rural ares ‘wher birt aes are alarmingly high MORNING PROGRAM