Quiz Assignment-I Solutions: Big Data Computing (Week-1)

1. What are the three key characteristics of Big Data, often referred to as the 3V's, according
to IBM?
A) Viscosity, Velocity, Veracity
B) Volume, Value, Variety
C) Volume, Velocity, Variety
D) Volumetric, Visceral, Vortex

Solution:
C) Volume, Velocity, Variety
Explanation:
Volume: Refers to the massive amount of data generated and collected from various
sources. This includes both structured and unstructured data.
Velocity: Represents the speed at which data is generated, processed, and analyzed. It
emphasizes the real-time nature of data and the need to handle and react to data quickly.
Variety: Encompasses the different types and formats of data, including structured, semi-
structured, and unstructured data. This diversity challenges traditional data processing
methods.
Option A is incorrect because "Viscosity" is not one of the 3V's, and "Veracity" relates to the
accuracy and trustworthiness of data, not velocity.
Option B is incorrect because while "Volume" and "Variety" are correct, "Value" is not one
of the 3V's.
Option D is incorrect because "Volumetric," "Visceral," and "Vortex" are not the terms used
to describe the characteristics of Big Data according to IBM.

2. What is the primary purpose of the MapReduce programming model in processing and
generating large data sets?
A) To directly process and analyze data without any intermediate steps.
B) To convert unstructured data into structured data.
C) To specify a map function for generating intermediate key/value pairs and a reduce
function for merging values associated with the same key.
D) To create visualizations and graphs for large data sets.

Solution:
C) To specify a map function for generating intermediate key/value pairs and a reduce
function for merging values associated with the same key.
Explanation:
MapReduce is a programming model used for processing and generating large data sets. It
involves two main steps: mapping and reducing. Users specify a map function that processes
a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs. The map function
operates in parallel across the input data. The intermediate key/value pairs are then
grouped by key and passed to a reduce function, which merges all intermediate values
associated with the same intermediate key. This process allows for distributed and parallel
processing of large datasets.
Option A is incorrect because MapReduce does involve intermediate steps (mapping and
reducing) to process data.
Option B is incorrect because while MapReduce is used for processing unstructured data, its
primary purpose is not to convert it into structured data.
Option D is incorrect because MapReduce is not primarily focused on creating visualizations
and graphs; its main focus is on processing and generating large data sets using the map and
reduce functions.

3. _________________ is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently

collecting, aggregating, and moving large amounts of log data.
A) Flume
B) Apache Sqoop
C) Pig
D) Mahout

Solution:
A) Flume
Explanation:
Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently collecting, aggregating,
and moving large amounts of log data. It has a simple and very flexible architecture based
on streaming data flows. It's quite robust and fall tolerant, and it's really tunable to enhance
the reliability mechanisms, fail over, recovery, and all the other mechanisms that keep the
cluster safe and reliable. It uses simple extensible data model that allows us to apply all
kinds of online analytic applications.

4. What is the primary role of YARN (Yet Another Resource Manager) in the Apache Hadoop
ecosystem?
A) YARN is a data storage layer for managing and storing large datasets in Hadoop clusters.
B) YARN is a programming model for processing and analyzing data in Hadoop clusters.
C) YARN is responsible for allocating system resources and scheduling tasks for applications
in a Hadoop cluster.
D) YARN is a visualization tool for creating graphs and charts based on Hadoop data.

Solution:
C) YARN is responsible for allocating system resources and scheduling tasks for applications
in a Hadoop cluster.
Explanation:
YARN, which stands for "Yet Another Resource Manager," is a key component of the Apache
Hadoop ecosystem. Its primary role is resource management and job scheduling. YARN is
responsible for efficiently allocating system resources, such as CPU and memory, to various
applications running in a Hadoop cluster. It also handles the scheduling of tasks to be
executed on different cluster nodes, ensuring optimal utilization of resources and improving
overall cluster performance.
Option A is incorrect because YARN is not a data storage layer; it focuses on resource
management and job scheduling.
Option B is incorrect because while YARN plays a role in supporting data processing and
analysis, its main function is not to define a programming model.
Option D is incorrect because YARN is not a visualization tool; it is a resource management
and scheduling technology.
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics and
functionality of HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)?
A) HDFS is a centralized file system designed for storing small files and achieving high-speed
data processing.
B) HDFS is a programming language used for writing MapReduce applications within the
Hadoop ecosystem.
C) HDFS is a distributed, scalable, and portable file system designed for storing large files
across multiple machines, achieving reliability through replication.
D) HDFS is a visualization tool that generates graphs and charts based on data stored in the
Hadoop ecosystem.

Solution:
C) HDFS is a distributed, scalable, and portable file system designed for storing large files
across multiple machines, achieving reliability through replication.
Explanation:
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) is a fundamental component of the Hadoop
framework. It is designed to store and manage large files across a distributed cluster of
machines. The key features and functionality of HDFS include:
Distributed and Scalable: HDFS distributes data across multiple nodes in a cluster, allowing it
to handle large datasets that range from gigabytes to terabytes, and even petabytes. It
scales horizontally as more nodes are added to the cluster.
Reliability Through Replication: HDFS achieves reliability by replicating data blocks across
multiple data nodes in the cluster. This replication ensures data availability even in the face
of node failures.
Single Name Node and Data Nodes: Each Hadoop instance typically includes a single name
node, which acts as the metadata manager for the file system, and a cluster of data nodes
that store the actual data.
Portability: HDFS is written in Java and is designed to be portable across different platforms
and operating systems.
Option A is incorrect because HDFS is not centralized; it is distributed. It is also designed for
storing large files rather than small files.
Option B is incorrect because HDFS is not a programming language; it is a file system.
Option D is incorrect because HDFS is not a visualization tool; it is a distributed file system
for storing and managing data in the Hadoop ecosystem.
6. Which statement accurately describes the role and design of HBase in the Hadoop stack?
A) HBase is a programming language used for writing complex data processing algorithms in
the Hadoop ecosystem.
B) HBase is a data warehousing solution designed for batch processing of large datasets in
Hadoop clusters.
C) HBase is a key-value store that provides fast random access to substantial datasets,
making it suitable for applications requiring such access patterns.
D) HBase is a visualization tool that generates charts and graphs based on data stored in
Hadoop clusters.

Solution:
C) HBase is a key-value store that provides fast random access to substantial datasets,
making it suitable for applications requiring such access patterns.
Explanation:
HBase is a NoSQL database that is a key component of the Hadoop ecosystem. Its design
focuses on providing high-speed random access to large amounts of data. Key
characteristics and roles of HBase include:
Key-Value Store: HBase stores data in a distributed, column-family-oriented fashion, similar
to a key-value store. It allows you to look up data quickly using a key.
Fast Random Access: HBase is optimized for fast read and write operations, particularly
random access patterns. This makes it suitable for applications that require quick retrieval of
specific data points from massive datasets.
Scalability: HBase is designed to scale horizontally, allowing it to handle vast amounts of
data by adding more nodes to the cluster.
Option A is incorrect because HBase is not a programming language; it's a database system.
Option B is incorrect because HBase is not a data warehousing solution; it's designed for
real-time, random access to data rather than batch processing.
Option D is incorrect because HBase is not a visualization tool; it's a database system
focused on high-speed data access.

7. _____________ brings scalable parallel database technology to Hadoop and allows users
to submit low latencies queries to the data that's stored within the HDFS or the Hbase
without acquiring a ton of data movement and manipulation.
A) Apache Sqoop
B) Mahout
C) Flume
D) Impala

Solution:
D) Impala
Explanation:
Cloudera, Impala was designed specifically at Cloudera, and it's a query engine that runs on
top of the Apache Hadoop. The project was officially announced at the end of 2012, and
became a publicly available, open source distribution. Impala brings scalable parallel
database technology to Hadoop and allows users to submit low latencies queries to the data
that's stored within the HDFS or the Hbase without acquiring a ton of data movement and
manipulation.

8. What is the primary purpose of ZooKeeper in a distributed system?

A) ZooKeeper is a data warehousing solution for storing and managing large datasets in a
distributed cluster.
B) ZooKeeper is a programming language for developing distributed applications in a cloud
environment.
C) ZooKeeper is a highly reliable distributed coordination kernel used for tasks such as
distributed locking, configuration management, leadership election, and work queues.
D) ZooKeeper is a visualization tool for creating graphs and charts based on data stored in
distributed systems.

Solution:
C) ZooKeeper is a highly reliable distributed coordination kernel used for tasks such as
distributed locking, configuration management, leadership election, and work queues.
Explanation:
ZooKeeper is a distributed coordination service that provides a reliable and efficient way for
coordinating various processes and components in a distributed system. It offers
functionalities like distributed locking, configuration management, leader election, and work
queues to ensure that distributed applications can work together effectively. ZooKeeper
acts as a central repository for managing metadata related to the coordination of these
distributed tasks.
Option A is incorrect because ZooKeeper is not a data warehousing solution; its primary role
is distributed coordination.
Option B is incorrect because ZooKeeper is not a programming language; it's a coordination
service.
Option D is incorrect because ZooKeeper is not a visualization tool; it's focused on
distributed coordination and management.

9. ________________ is a distributed file system that stores data on a commodity machine.

Providing very high aggregate bandwidth across the entire cluster.
A) Hadoop Common
B) Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
C) Hadoop YARN
D) Hadoop MapReduce

Solution:
B) Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
Explanation:
Hadoop Common: It contains libraries and utilities needed by other Hadoop modules.
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): It is a distributed file system that stores data on a
commodity machine. Providing very high aggregate bandwidth across the entire cluster.
Hadoop YARN: It is a resource management platform responsible for managing compute
resources in the cluster and using them in order to schedule users and applications. YARN is
responsible for allocating system resources to the various applications running in a Hadoop
cluster and scheduling tasks to be executed on different cluster nodes
Hadoop MapReduce: It is a programming model that scales data across a lot of different
processes.
10. Which statement accurately describes Spark MLlib?
A) Spark MLlib is a visualization tool for creating charts and graphs based on data processed
in Spark clusters.
B) Spark MLlib is a programming language used for writing Spark applications in a
distributed environment.
C) Spark MLlib is a distributed machine learning framework built on top of Spark Core,
providing scalable machine learning algorithms and utilities for tasks such as classification,
regression, clustering, and collaborative filtering.
D) Spark MLlib is a data warehousing solution for storing and querying large datasets in a
Spark cluster.

Solution:
C) Spark MLlib is a distributed machine learning framework built on top of Spark Core,
providing scalable machine learning algorithms and utilities for tasks such as classification,
regression, clustering, and collaborative filtering.
Explanation:
Spark MLlib (Machine Learning Library) is a component of the Apache Spark ecosystem. It
offers a distributed machine learning framework that allows developers to leverage Spark's
distributed computing capabilities for scalable and efficient machine learning tasks. Key
features and roles of Spark MLlib include:
Distributed Machine Learning: MLlib provides a wide range of machine learning algorithms
that are designed to work efficiently in a distributed environment. It enables the processing
of large datasets across a cluster of machines.
Common Learning Algorithms: MLlib includes a variety of common machine learning
algorithms, such as classification, regression, clustering, and collaborative filtering.
Integration with Spark Core: MLlib is built on top of Spark Core, which provides the
underlying distributed processing framework. This integration allows seamless utilization of
Spark's data processing capabilities for machine learning tasks.
Option A is incorrect because Spark MLlib is not a visualization tool; its focus is on
distributed machine learning.
Option B is incorrect because Spark MLlib is not a programming language; it's a machine
learning library.
Option D is incorrect because Spark MLlib is not a data warehousing solution; its primary
purpose is machine learning on distributed data.