A Proposed Mixed-Used Commercial Complex and

Convention Center in Tagaytay City

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY
Alangilan, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

CHARLES KENNETH A. MAGALONA

November 2022
Digitally signed
by Dr. Reynato
A. Gamboa
Digitally signed
by Dr. Reynato
A. Gamboa
 ABSTRACT
Through the years, our generation changes and adopts to what kind of living
we have in our present years. Modernity changes our society, we people advance
fast like how our technologies advance in the present. New inventions and
innovations are being discovered fast as we advance for our future. In this modern
era, we have today we need to improve and innovate to create new ideas like in
architecture. Architecture also changes through time and needs to adopt to its
changes.

As the fast advancement of our technology, we need to consider our

environment on how we build new structures or developments. Our nature and the
economy are the factors that influence how our environment operates and survives
in our generation. The proposed project ALTA focuses on economic growth and
usage of modern Filipino materials which can be found in our country and
equipment which our fellow Filipino men invented for innovation. ALTA is a
proposed project in Tagaytay City, Cavite, which is recognized for its panoramic
view of Taal Lake and Volcano. It is well-known for its rapid land development and
high investment rates, and it is one of our country's most popular tourist
destinations. Considerations in designing and planning it in this type of area is to
make it more sustainable and adopt to its environment on the kind of climate the
municipality of Tagaytay has.

As our economy and environment evolve, we must be more creative

throughout the planning and design of our structures or projects in order to provide
more sustainable living circumstances to our people. Architecture teaches us to
innovate and, through time, provides us with solutions to our current problems in
a variety of ways.

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to express his deepest gratitude to everyone who
helped make this research study feasible. Above all, the researcher thanks the
Almighty God for guiding him through the entire process. This, as the researcher,
would not be feasible without his guidance. His family is indeed very supportive to
the researcher. The researcher is grateful for his family's support as he overcame
many types of difficulties while doing this research.
To his closest friends, the researcher considers himself blessed to have
such friends beside him during his research journey. Without them, the
researcher would have become disoriented or made a mistake.
To his classmates, ARC 5102, the researcher is thankful to have
considered them as his second family. Though they may have suffered
differently, they still correlate with one another.
To his seniors, the researcher would like to thank everyone who helped
him finish his research paper, particularly Lemuel St. Raphael A. Bacsa and John
Paul B. Maulion. The researcher would like to thank them for helping him through
the full research process.
To Ar. Aldwin Cueto, the researcher is grateful to have him as his thesis
adviser. The researcher cannot complete the research study without his
supervision. The researcher is grateful for the constructive feedback, which has
had a significant influence on the success of his research study.
To Ar. Joe Mark Banaag, the researcher is grateful as he is his class
adviser and for his guidance to the researchers’ research journey.

ii
 DEDICATION
In the fulfillment of this thesis proposal, the researcher would like to dedicate this
study to the following persons:

To his beloved parents, Antonio and Rhodora Magalona;

To his siblings, Claire Antoinette and Jhon Benedick Magalona;

To his classmates, ARC-5102;

To the Department Professors and Instructors;

To his Seniors, Lemuel St. Raphael A. Bacsa and John Paul B. Maulion;

To his Thesis Adviser, Ar. Aldwin Cueto;

To his Class Adviser, Ar. Joe Mark Banaag;

To all his fellow students of Batangas State University;

Especially all the Architecture, Interior Design and Fine Arts students;

This delightful endeavor is all for you.

~ Charles Kenneth A. Magalona

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii
DEDICATION iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES ix

Chapter I – The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background of the Study 2
1.3 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3.1 Major Problems 4
1.3.2 Minor Problems 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 5
1.5 Objectives of the Study 5
1.5.1 Project Objectives 5
1.5.2 Design Objectives 6
1.6 Scope and Limitation 6
1.7 Conceptual Framework 7
1.8 Scope and Delimitation 9
1.9 Definition of Terms 9
1.10 Acronyms 10

Chapter II – Review of Related Literature

2.1 Foreign Researches 12
2.2 Local Researches 20
2.3 Foreign Studies 25
2.4 Local Studies 31
2.5 Synthesis 36

iv
Chapter III – Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design (Data Gathering Procedure) 42
3.1.1 Research Paradigm 42
3.1.2 Data Sources 45
3.2 Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis 47
3.2.1 Site Selection 47
3.2.1.1 Site Criteria 47
3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Rating 48
3.2.1.3 Site Justification 48
3.2.2 Site Data 51
3.2.2.1 Macro Site 51
3.2.2.2 Micro Site 97
3.2.3 Site Analysis 101
3.2.3.1 SWOT Analysis 101
3.2.3.2 Summary of Site Analysis 104
3.2.4 User’s Analysis 104
3.2.4.1 Users Demography 104
3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure 109
3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern / Analysis 111

Chapter IV – Architectural Programming

4.1 Spatial Organization 114
4.1.1 Spatial Identification 114
4.1.1.1 Staffing Requirements 114
4.1.1.2 Space Identification 126
4.2 Definition of Spatial Element 130
4.2.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis 130
4.3 Graphical and Spatial Programming 180
4.3.1 General Matrix Diagram 180

v
Chapter V – Building and Site concept
5.1 Structural System 193
5.2 Electrical System 203
5.3 Plumbing System 204
5.4 Sanitary System 206
5.5 Mechanical System 208
5.6 Fire Protection System 210
5.7 Security System 214
5.8 Communication and Electronic System 216
5.9 Environmental System 218
5.10 Waste Management System 220
5.11 Landscaping System 222
Chapter VI – Design Framework
6.1 Design Philosophy 225
6.2 Design Concept 226
6.2.1 Major Design Concept 226
6.2.1 Minor Design Concept 226
6.3 Architectural Style Guide 228
Chapter VII – Design Framework
7.1 Source of Funding 237
7.2 Probable Construction Cost 237
7.2.1 Land Acquisition Cost (LAC) 237
7.2.2 Building Construction Cost (BCC) 237
7.2.3 Movable Equipment and Machineries 246
7.2.4 Site Development Cost 248
7.2.5 Probable Construction Cost 248
7.2.6 Professional Fee 249
7.2.7 Tax and Permit Cost 250
7.2.8 Total Building Construction Cost 251
7.2.9 Total Project Cost 251
7.2.10 Project Manager Fee 251

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 7.2.11 Total Budget Required 251
7.2.12 Staff and Operations Personnel Requirements and Costs
(Salaries) 251
7.3 Return of Investment 257
7.4 Maintenance and Sustainability 260
Chapter VIII – Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation

8.1 Findings 262

8.2 Conclusions 262

8.3 Recommendations 263

List of Tables
No. Title Page
Table 1.0 Specific Data Resources 45
Table 2.0 System of Evaluation and Rating 48
Table 3.0 Political Subdivision 71
Table 4.0 Types of Slopes 73
Table 5.0 Area, Population, Number of HH per Barangay 78
Table 6.0 Dialects used by the residents of Tagaytay City 80
Table 7.0 Religious Affiliation of the Citizens of Tagaytay City 80
Table 8.0 Tagaytay City’s Pabahay Program 81
Table 9.0 List of Roads in Tagaytay 88
Table 10.0 Public Transportation in Tagaytay 93
Table 11.0 Lot Bearings 100
Table 12.0 Population from 2020 105
Table 13.0 Tagaytay City Tourism Statistics for 2016-2020 106
Table 14.0 Commercial Building Architectural Programming 138
Table 15.0 Administrative Area Architectural Programming 155
Table 16.0 Office Area Architectural Programming 161
Table 17.0 Convention Center Architectural Programming 165

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Table 18.0 Condotel Building Architectural Programming 176
Table 19.0 Condotel Building Condominium Units 176
Table 20.0 Condotel Building Hotel Rooms 177
Table 21.0 Recreational Park Architectural Programming 178
Table 22.0 Parking Area Architectural Programming 178
Table 23.0 Total Area of Development 179
Table 24.0 Land Acquisition Cost 237
Table 25.0 Commercial Complex Building Cost 239
Table 26.0 Administrative Area Building Cost 241
Table 27.0 Office Area Building Cost 242
Table 28.0 Convention Center Building Cost 243
Table 29.0 Condotel Building Cost 245
Table 30.0 Recreational Park Cost 245
Table 31.0 Parking Area Building Cost 245
Table 32.0 Total Building Cost 245
Table 33.0 Fix Equipment Cost 246
Table 34.0 Movable Equipment Cost 247
Table 35.0 Total Building Cost + Land Acquisition Cost 247
Table 36.0 Site Development Area 248
Table 37.0 Site Development Cost 248
Table 38.0 Probable Construction Cost 249
Table 39.0 Professional Fee 250
Table 40.0 Total Professional Fee 250
Table 41.0 Tax and Permit Cost 250
Table 42.0 Total Building Construction Cost (TBCC) 251
Table 43.0 Total Project Cost 251
Table 44.0 Project Manager Fee 251
Table 45.0 Total Budget Required 251
Table 46.0 Commercial Complex Building Staff and Personnel 254
Salary
Table 47.0 Convention Center Staff and Personnel Salary 255

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Table 48.0 Condotel Building Staff and Personnel Salary 257
Table 49.0 Commercial Building Rentable Spaces Annual 257
Income
Table 50.0 Convention Center Rentable Spaces Annual 258
Income
Table 51.0 Hotel Rooms Annual Income 259
Table 52.0 Condominium Units Annual Income 259
Table 53.0 Condominium Units Price Per Unit 260
Table 54.0 Summary of Total Annual Expenses 260
Table 55.0 Summary of Total Annual Expenses 260
Table 56.0 NET Annual Income 260
Table 57.0 Return of Investment 260

List of Figures
No. Title Page
Figures 1 Conceptual Paradigm 7
Figures 2 Valley Towers 12
Figures 3 Oasis Towers 13
Figures 4 SENSO Convention Center 15
Figures 5 Greenland Convention Center 16
Figures 6 CL Commercial Center 17
Figures 7 Taichung Convention Center Mixed-use 18
Development
Figures 8 Wind Residences 20
Figures 9 Ayala Malls Greenbelt 21
Figures 10 Philippine International Convention Center 22
Figures 11 Mckinley Hill 23
Figures 12 Iloilo Convention Center 24
Figures 13 The Krause Getaway Center 25

Figures 14 Shimao ShenKong International Center 27

ix
Figures 15 Hangzhou Duolan commercial complex 28
Figures 16 International Exhibition & Convention Centre in 29
Dwarka, New Delhi
Figures 17 Bangalore International Convention Centre 30
Figures 18 Zephyr’ Mixed Use Development in Mandaluyong 31
City, Philippines by Archion Architects
Figures 19 Aseana Parqal, Paranaque 32
Figures 20 Cebu Mixed-Use Development by R.SU 33
Architects
Figures 21 Mixed-Use Development in Clark Freeport 34
Zone
Figures 22 Research Paradigm 42
Figures 23 Site A. Brgy. Zambal, Tagaytay City, Cavite 49
Figures 24 Site B. Maitim II East, Tagaytay City, 50
Cavite
Figures 25 Map of CALABARZON 51
Figures 26 Map of Province of Cavite 52
Figures 27 Base Map of Tagaytay 53
Figures 28 Tourist Spots Map 55
Figures 29 Major Access Road Map 56
Figures 30 Land Capability Map 57
Figures 31 Soil Suitability Map 58
Figures 32 Protected Area Map 59
Figures 33 River Map 60
Figures 34 Erosion Hazard Map 61
Figures 35 Ground Shaking Tagaytay Map 62
Figures 36 Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map 63
Figures 37 Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard Map 64
Figures 38 Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map 65
Tagaytay City
Figures 39 Soil Classification Map Tagaytay City 66

x
Figures 40 Tagaytay Administrative Map 67
Figures 41 Fire Access Road Map 68
Figures 42 Volcanic Eruption Danger Zone Map 69
Figures 43 Proposed Land Use Plan Map 70
Figures 44 Actual Site Pictures – North 97
Figures 45 Actual Site Pictures – South 98
Figures 46 Actual Site Pictures – East 98
Figures 47 Actual Site Pictures – West 98
Figures 48 Landmarks Map 99
Figures 49 Sun and Wind Orientation 99
Figures 50 Organizational Chart of ALTA Development 109
Figures 51 Organizational Chart of Condotel 110
Figures 52 Organizational Chart of Commercial Building 110
Figures 53 Behavioral Pattern of General Manager 111
Figures 54 Behavioral Pattern of ALTA Development Guests 111
Figures 55 Behavioral Pattern of Commercial Building Guests 111
Figures 56 Behavioral Pattern of Convention Center Guests 112
Figures 57 Behavioral Pattern of Condotel Guests 112
Figures 58 Behavioral Pattern of Employees in Front Desk 112
Office
Figures 59 Behavioral Pattern of Retail Store’s Owner 113

Figures 60 Behavioral Pattern of Housekeeping 113

Department
Figures 61 Behavioral Pattern of Security Department 113
Figures 62 General Matrix Diagram 180

Figures 63 Commercial Building Matrix Diagram 181

Figures 64 Commercial Building Lobby Matrix Diagram 182

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Figures 65 Commercial Building Rentable Space Matrix 182
Diagram

Figures 66 Commercial Building Supermarket Matrix Diagram 183

Figures 67 Commercial Building Department Store Matrix 183

Diagram

Figures 68 Board of Director and Managers Office Matrix 184

Diagram

Figures 69 Marketing and Sales Division Matrix Diagram 184

Figures 70 Accounting Department Matrix Diagram 185

Figures 71 Human Resource Department Matrix Diagram 185

Figures 72 Design and Engineering Department Matrix 186

Diagram

Figures 73 Convention Center Administrative Department 186

Matrix Diagram

Figures 74 Office Area Matrix Diagram 187

Figures 75 Convention Center Matrix Diagram 188

Figures 76 Condotel Lobby Matrix Diagram 189

Figures 77 Condotel Administrative Department Matrix 189

Diagram

Figures 78 Condotel Finance and HR Department Matrix 190

Diagram

Figures 79 Condotel Property Development Department 190

Matrix Diagram

xii
Figures 80 Condotel Food and Beverage Department Matrix 191
Diagram

Figures 81 Condotel Housekeeping and Security Department 191

Matrix Diagram

Figures 82 Condotel Amenities Matrix Diagram 192

Figures 83 Condotel Maintenance and Service Area Matrix 192

Diagram

Figures 84 Tensile Structures 193

Figures 85 Compressive Structures 193

Figures 86 Trusses 194

Figures 87 Shear Structures 194

Figures 88 Bending Structures 194

Figures 89 Pile Foundations 195

Figures 90 AAC Blocks 196

Figures 91 Wooden Diagrid System 197

Figures 92 Long Span Beam System 198

Figures 93 ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene) 199

Figures 94 Triple Pendulum Base Isolator 201

Figures 95 Modern Louvers 202

Figures 96 Power Floor Tiles 203

Figures 97 Photovoltaic System 204

Figures 98 Hydro-pneumatic Pump 205

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Figures 99 EcoPure Tech Modular Portable STP 206

Figures 100 Rainwater and Greywater Installation 207

Figures 101 Energy-Saving Elevator 208

Figures 102 Variable Air Volume System VAV 209

Figures 103 Constant Air Volume System CAV 209

Figures 104 The Advanced Multi-Criteria Fire/CO Detector 210

Figures 105 Fire Paging & Deaf Alert 211

Figures 106 Automatic Fire Sprinklers 212

Figures 107 Sodium Bicarbonate Fire Extinguisher 213

Figures 108 Structured Cabling 217

Figures 109 Condominium and Hotel Mobile Key 217

Figures 110 Touchless Biometric 218

Figures 111 Thermal Mass 219

Figures 112 Garbage Disposal Sink 220

Figures 113 Underground Waste Disposal 221

Figures 114 Recycling Bins 222

Figures 115 Grass Permeable Paving 223

Figures 116 Architect Leandro V. Locsin 228

Figures 117 Philippine International Convention Center 230

Figures 118 Cultural Center of the Philippines 231

Figures 119 Cultural Center of the Philippines 232

xiv
Figures 120 Architect Francisco Mañosa 233

Figures 121 Coconut Palace 234

Figures 122 San Miguel Corporation Head Office 235

Figures 123 The Mañosa Family Home 236

xv
 CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Introduction

Understanding today's difficulties is one of the most important actions any

of us can take. The world as we know it is undergoing sudden change, which has
impacted each of us in different ways: the way we live, work, and socialize are just
a few of the things that have been reviewed since the global crisis began. Due to
consumer demand and the guarantee of convenience, the way people live in urban
areas has changed dramatically in recent years. More and more families and
individuals are willing to leave the city in search of larger, if more distant, locations
to live, a goal that is rapidly influencing the real estate business. Mixed-use
developments represent an idealized lifestyle, with a network of high-end
infrastructure and amenities available to inhabitants. Property developers typically
acquire huge tracts of land to construct a well-planned mixed-use development as
a community with all the amenities associated with a modern urban setting for
working, living, studying, and playing.

Today, mixed use can refer to a vertical mixed-use architecture in which a

single multi-story structure has retail or offices on the street level, residential units
on the upper levels, and a parking basement. It can also apply to horizontal mixed-
use construction, in which numerous buildings within a city block or region, or
around an open space or courtyard, serve one or two purposes, creating a
microcosm inside a neighborhood. To match the growing demand for this lifestyle,
local real estate developers have gradually expanded their portfolios in mixed-use
developments throughout the country's major urban centers.

Architecture, as a tool on giving a massive impact on developing and

promoting skills, and talents of anyone who have a significant impact on society,
economics, tourism in the vicinity and nearby areas, and the environment have
made significant contributions to innovation, not just in architecture but also in
every aspect of everyone's lives. One of the most important subjects in developing

1
 a country or city is tourism and business. One of the best examples of this is the
Philippines' beautiful city of Tagaytay. As it is a city that is rapidly becoming more
urbanized, the adoption of modern and sustainable design may help it retain its
green environment while also assisting its economic growth. This type of
architecture can control and keep its tourist and excellent environment by
unsuitable development of future buildings and soon to rise.

The development ALTA will give the municipality of Tagaytay city a tourist
attraction, business meetings, convention and commercial spaces at the same
time sustaining its environment through modernization and guarantee its potential
of both future and existing communities economic growth. It will be underlining the
significance of intergenerational responsibility, supporting not just the current
generation, but also future generations.

1.2 Background of the Study

In the past years, environmental problems increase and continuous to grow.

With environmental problem rising and pollution increases and solving this kind of
problem in our community is not an easy task, sustainable approach is what we
should make and need. Due to climate change warmer temperatures are affecting
weather patterns and disturbing nature's normal balance. This presents several
dangers to humans and all other kinds of life. In this kind of problem, we are not
the only ones who’s being affected also our future generations.

Tagaytay is considered as Cavite's second-class district. Since it is known

whom have competitively developed land. The major reasons why tourists visit this
place are the panoramic views of Taal Lake and Volcano, as well as the climate
that this region provides. Tourism is one of the factors that draw tourists and other
local residents to the area. As Tagaytay's population increased, business-related
initiatives began to start growing and bloom. They provide good facilities and
accommodations, making them a competitive city region.

We, as a human being we share the same planet, a planet we call “Earth”.
In our planet we all share the environment we call “The Mother Earth”. The word

2
“ALTA” is a feminist Spanish word with a translation of “High” in English. The
proposed project is located in Tagaytay City which is known as a high ground in
the south. It is a higher land among the other places in the south and makes it
famous for its natural climate. And that’s the reason why the researcher choose
the word “ALTA” for a reason it connects within the nature of its proposed location.

Tagaytay's primary tourist attraction is the stunning panoramic view of the

natural beauty of the Taal Volcano, the world's smallest volcano and home to two
exquisite, rare kinds of fish, the "maliputo" and "tawilis." Despite its proximity to
Metro Manila, Tagaytay features a distinct rural vibe and refreshingly cold
environment. This is why people choose to have seminars / conferences in the city
rather than just visit it. Several tourism businesses, which are attractions in their
own right, complement the natural endowment.

As Tagaytay City is known as one of the best tourist attractions in

CALABARZON region, we also need to know the impact of our buildings to be built
in this kind of city. We build or create something new to provide to our community
tourist spots, commercial spaces, office buildings, accommodations, and any type
of spaces and focus on what it can benefit and gain from it. Buildings are the
world's leading generators of pollution. We build and create as we needed and
wanted and create for our needs in present and not thinking about the future.
Sustainable and innovative creation and architecture should be apply in our
creations not just to build but also to maintain the environment that we always need
to consider.

The proposed project includes a mixed-use commercial complex and

convention center. This will aid the city in terms of promoting itself for its tourism

and business investors as well as having events, government meetings, and any

type of exhibits. It will also aid in the resolution of existing issues and problems

concerning the province's opportunity for growth and advancement, through

solutions in connection with the sustained consideration of nature, culture,

3
 topography, geography, and all other aspects that will aid and support the

development and success, as well as provide jobs and connect people to nature

and the city's environment.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

This study's difficulties contained five major and ten minor issues that were
organized to provide further insight into the major issue.

1.3.1 Major Problems

1.3.1.1 How will the proposed condotel of the project be different in the existing
hotels and condominiums near the site location?
1.3.1.2 How will the proposed project impact tourism of the municipality of
Tagaytay City?
1.3.1.3 How will the proposed convention center in the project cater private and
public events?
1.3.1.4 Will this project proposal cause any harm to the ecosystem?
1.3.1.5 Will the proposed project survive the impact of natural disasters?

1.3.2 Minor Problems

1.3.2.1 What implications will the development have on the city's culture,
economics, and tourism?

1.3.2.2 How can the project affect the people of Tagaytay City?

1.3.2.3 How will modern technologies influence the design of the project?

1.3.2.4 Can the materials utilized withstand natural disasters?

1.3.2.5 What areas should be prioritized and improved to provide better

services to the public?

1.3.2.6 How will the project be beneficial as the rapid urbanization and
sustainable to the municipality of Tagaytay City?

1.3.2.7 How will the Project ensure the betterment of the city and its people?

4
 1.3.2.8 Will this project proposal cause any harm to the ecosystem?

1.3.2.9 Will it be able to withstand a natural disaster?

1.3.2.10 How can the project be adaptive and reflexive?

1.4 Significance of the Study

Through this study, promotion, and commercial business of Tagaytay City,
Cavite will be focused and boost. Moreover, the researcher aims to be beneficial
to the following:

To the municipality of Tagaytay City, the proposal will serve as event, tourist
attraction and commercial space which at the same time a sustainable
development.

To the future occupants of the proposed mixed-use commercial complex

and convention center, the proposal will give natural ventilations and thermal
comfort to its users and minimize environmental damage.

To the citizens of Tagaytay City, the proposal will build public spaces which
soon needs to hire workers specially from its local citizens. The proposal will give
local citizens opportunity to have job near its community.

To the future researchers, they may use the data and information for related
to the study.

1.5 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are sectioned into two parts such as the project
objectives and the design objectives. This matter is presented for readers to
perceive why the study is conducted
1.5.1 Project Objectives
The study objective is to advocate for and provide sophisticated
development, as well as to improve Tagaytay's tourist capacity. Through
the concept of architecture, commercial aspects can be addressed. The
following are the study's objectives:

5
 1.5.1.1 To promote the Tagaytay City business growth that will attract
foreign and local tourists.
1.5.1.2 To establish a good-natured relationship with the authority for future
ventures beneficial to the community.
1.5.1.3 To provide tourist, event, accommodation, and commercial space to
increase economic growth and help the municipality of Tagaytay city as its
fast urbanization come.
1.5.1.4 To provide job opportunities to lessen the unemployment of local
citizens of Tagaytay City.
1.5.2 Design Objectives
1.5.2.1 To preserve its natural green environment.
1.5.2.2 To promote the Tagaytay city’s natural beauty that will attract foreign
and local tourists.
1.5.2.3 To develop a project which doesn’t give negative impact to its
environment.
1.5.2.4 To make a design that will promote the use of natural light and
ventilation in the building.
1.5.2.5 To provide efficient spaces for the future occupants of the project.
1.5.2.6 To integrate each facility in the project to optimize their mutual
benefits.

1.6 Theoretical Framework

“As an architect, you design for the present, with an awareness of the past for a
future which is essentially unknown”

– Arch. Norman Foster

"Architecture is an art form, but it is also a business. Designers need to be trained

to solve their clients' problems through design while leading their own firms" "large
or small" "to become sustainable practices."

– Arch. Art Gensler

6
“We should attempt to bring nature, houses, and human beings together in a
higher unity”

– Arch. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Architecture has an impact not just on its users, but also on the
environment. Architects are remarkable innovators, and they use architecture to
achieve this goal. The development will be successful if it is designed with integrity
and concern for people, culture, history, and the natural environment.

7
1.7 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.0 Conceptual Paradigm

8
1.8 Scope and Delimitation

The study focuses on the proposed mixed-use commercial complex and

convention center which includes physical, environmental, social, and economic aspect
of the project.

This study comprises the following:

1. Architectural Planning and Design

2. Site Planning
3. Structural innovation
4. Economic Feasibility Study of Development
5. Project Cost and Return of Investment

The scopes of the development of the project are the following:

1. Mixed-Use Commercial Complex

a. Commercial area
b. Office area
c. Administrative area
2. Convention Center
3. Condotel Building
4. Recreational Park
a. Park with landscape features
b. Recreational open spaces

Delimitations

The proponent focused her study on the architectural aspects but utilized vital facts
so that it supported the concept or as required. This study was limited on details regarding
engineering works such as detailed mechanical, electrical, structural, plumbing, sanitary
designs, and specifications writing of materials used unless supporting details were
provided to support the design concept.

1.9 Definition of Terms

9
 The findings of this study were applied in a practical manner to serve as a guide
for designing the Proposed Mixed-Used Commercial Complex and Convention Center in
Tagaytay City, Cavite.

The following terms are conceptually or operationally defined to help readers

comprehend this work.

Mixed Used - multiple functions within the same building or the same general area
through superimposition or within the same area through adjacency.

Commercial Complex - building or buildings on a property or adjoining properties, under

one ownership or under the ownership of a condominium corporation, containing one or
more commercial businesses and which may include, in addition, residential uses.

Convention Center - building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals

and groups gather to promote and share common interests.

Recreational Park - any area designated by the person establishing, operating,

managing, or maintaining the same for picnicking, overnight camping, or use of
recreational vehicles by the general public or any segment of the public.

Condotel - a hybrid property that combines the ownership of a condominium with the
option to rent out units like a traditional hotel.

1.10 Acronyms

CLUDP – Comprehensive Land Use and Development Plan

DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DILG – Department Interior and Local Government

DOTC – Department of Transportation and Communication

DTI – Department of Trade and Industry

FAR – Floor Area Ratio

DOT – Department of Tourism

10
WTO – World Tourism Organization

PWD – People with Disability

DEPED – Department of Education

DFA – Department of Foreign Affairs

DOLE – Department of Labor and Employment

DA – Department of Agriculture

SSS – Social Security System

GSIS – Government Service Insurance System

PAG-IBIG – Pag-IBIG Fund

LWUA – Local Water Utilities Administration

NCCA – National Commission for Culture and the Arts

NYC – National Youth Commission

CSC – Civil Service Commission

PRC – Professional Regulation Commission

BSP – Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

COMELEC – Commission on Elections

COA – Commission on Audit

PLAI – Philippine Librarian Association, Inc

NLP – National Library of the Philippines

11
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

2.1 Foreign Researches

Figure 2.0 Valley Towers

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/989217/valley-towers-
mvrdv?ad_medium=office_landing&ad_name=article

Valley, the dramatic, geology-inspired, plant-covered high-rise designed

by MVRDV for developer Edge, was officially opened in a ceremony on Friday. The
75,000-square-metre building, which was recently declared the world’s best new
skyscraper by the Emporis Awards, stands out in Amsterdam’s Zuidas neighborhood with
its three towers of 67, 81, and 100 meters and its spectacular cantilevered apartments.
The building distinguishes itself in several ways: firstly, it combines offices, shops,
catering, cultural facilities, and apartments in one building; secondly, unlike the closed-off
buildings elsewhere in the Zuidas, the green valley that winds between the towers on the

12
fourth and fifth floors is accessible to everyone via two external stone staircases. The
building’s extensive planting, designed by landscape architect Piet Oudolf, hosts
approximately 13,500 young plants, shrubs, and trees. As these mature over the coming
years, they will give Valley an increasingly green appearance, making the building a
manifesto for a greener city.

Valley combines insights in the field of sustainability, technology, and health. The
building’s energy performance is 30% better than local regulations require, it has received
BREEAM-NL Excellent certification for the commercial spaces, and the residential area
scored an 8 out of 10 on the GPR Building Scale, a Dutch measurement tool that scores
buildings across five themes of energy, environment, health, quality of use, and future
value. The latest smart technologies are integrated in the office spaces, including IP-
based Building Automation Systems and various sensors linked to monitoring actual
usage.

Figure 3.0 Oasis Towers

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/987308/mvrdv-wins-competition-to-design-nature-
inspired-oasis-towers-in-nanjing?

13
 The project’s two L-shaped towers, each 40 storeys in height, face each other from
the north and south corners. A 3-4 storeys podium creates a perimeter that encloses most
of the site to create a protected environment at its heart. This perimeter building bridges
over pedestrian routes and the street between the two plots, creating a clear separation
between the surrounding neighborhood and the central oasis.

Wrapped with trees and lush greenery, the central oasis forms a green landscape
on the building’s cascading terraces, as well as a lush environment for shopping in the
building’s commercial floors from ground level up to the third floor. This space provides
cooling and biodiversity; the canopy provides privacy by shielding the residents of the
upper floors from the shoppers below, and it creates walkable areas that connect the two
plots across the central road. At the very center of the public space, the landscape steps
down below ground level and connects beneath the road, providing a crossing point for
pedestrians and an access to the metro station beneath the site.

Certain parts of the towers have a formal, gridded façade on the outer faces of the
perimeter block on the elevations that respond to the office skyscrapers. On the rest of
the facades, this exterior skin gives way to the flowing curves of balconies, terraces,
rooftops, and small pavilions clad in facades of recycled bamboo. Planters separate
neighboring balconies, ensuring that the green oasis extends to the very top of the design.

14
 Figure 4.0 SENSO Convention Center

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/443263/senso-convention-center-minax?

SENSO Convention Center is in the east of company’s new site. The regular area
was a wilderness of weeds. Our client engages in manufacturing industrial. After years of
development, it has modern organizational structure and provides majority services to
foreign customers. Hence, the client wants the architecture to reflect company culture,
and besides, more dramatic.

As a space for meeting and employee training, the center is focus on establishing
enterprise identity and enhancing employee’s pride. It is open and narrative, attracting
everyone to participate. Irregular windows lead the light into the interior, breaking the
feeling of order created by metal materials. This brings a brand-new visual experience to
the workers who spent most of working time in the factory.

The small meeting rooms are formed by the box units on the plan thus the creation
of elements on outdoor landscape are controlled while steel structured roofing interrupts
unity on plan. It results the involvement of people in the richness of emotion within rational
expression.

15
 Figure 5.0 Greenland Convention Center

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/945977/greenland-convention-center-nil-
exhibition-building-mehrdad-iravanian-architects?

Laid on hillsides of Sadra new town, Green Land complex is a multifunctional

convention center facility with about 46,178.7 m² area offering entertainment, clubs,
lounges, shops, indoor and outdoor activities. Sadra new town is a city located 18 km to
Northwest of Shiraz which has been established on 1990s. This complex has been a
pioneer attraction of this newborn city.

Greenland Convention Center contains several individual buildings: restaurant-

gallery, café-gallery, residential accommodation, hotel, exhibition and cultural center,
office building, sport center and ceremony halls. Design process is originated in 2007 and
construction operations has begun since 2008. Two out of five finished building stated to
give service to users.

The volumetric form of two buildings somehow relates by means of decay and
spatial temporal notion. If the principle of forming the volume of gallery is made of
neighboring cubical form without losing their identity, the nearby exhibition building

16
demonstrates the pieces which start to affect each other to define the concept of decay,
slope, strangulation, and loss of individuality.

Figure 6.0 CL Commercial Center

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/985177/cl-commercial-center-vaga?

Located in the center of the quiet town of Cesário Lange, the design of a building
consisting of flexible spaces, properly adapted to house small establishments of
diversified uses, was requested, mainly for commercial and service activities. The
complex is located on the opposite corner of “Galpões CL”, a project previously developed
by VAGA for the same entrepreneur. The lot enjoys an open relationship with a wooded
stream, associated with one of the main access roads to the city, where the population
practices sports and leisure activities daily.

The main purpose with the implementation of the complex was to support the
economic development of the municipality, mainly associated with agriculture and

17
industry, as well as to promote territorial development, offering appropriate spaces for the
leasing of shops and offices, in a place still lacking such equipment. Therefore, the
creation of an object of a simple but attractive nature, capable of enhancing the vitality of
the street and elevating it to the condition of a space not only for circulation but for
permanence and civic coexistence, was instituted as an essential challenge. Through the
association of spaces for collective living with spaces intended for trade, a relationship of
mutual benefit between public and private is established.

As it was a corner lot, it was also pertinent to create two fronts with visual
permeability that would promote direct contact between the street and the proposed
program, fundamental for the proper functioning of the idealized uses. At the corner, a
square was created above the street level, establishing a connection point between the
commercial complexes, the main avenue, the stream, and the square of the group of
sheds on the adjacent corner, thus forming a meeting place.

Figure 7.0 Taichung Convention Center Mixed-use Development

SOURCE: https://www.arup.com/projects/taichung-convention-centre

18
 The Taichung Convention Center Mixed-use Development, located in the
Taichung City Precision Machinery Innovation Park, is planned to become a new
sustainability landmark, aiming to be Taiwan's first LEED Platinum-certified commercial
development.

As the main consultant, Arup offered an all-inclusive integrated design consultation

for this 7-hectare commercial mixed-use complex. The project includes a convention
center, a service center, two 150-meter-tall hotel and office towers, and a retail podium.

With Arup's integrated approach, sustainability was established from the start and
functioned as a significant driving force throughout the design process. A number of active
sustainable design solutions, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, and solar
thermal energy, have been implemented throughout the development. Multiple passive
design elements will be used, including natural ventilation, natural light, and a
performance hybrid building façade. Overall energy usage is expected to be lowered by
48%.

The arrangement of all buildings was carefully examined at the master plan level,
together with the prevailing wind direction, in order to let summer breezes into the plaza,
producing a unique microclimate. In response to Taichung's water shortage, all water will
be collected and recycled. The property will become the region's biggest green
commercial center, with enormous green roofs, terraces, atria, and vegetation.

19
2.2 Local Researches

Figure 8.0 Wind Residences

SOURCE: http://smresidencescondo.com/wind-residences.html

A 15-hectare property located at the heart of Tagaytay City, a premiere destination

for both foreign and local tourists. It has ten 20-storey towers that offer breath taking views
of Taal Lake and the Metro Manila skyline. It is a residential and commercial development
surrounded by green landscapes.

Wind Residences offers relaxing, and fun filled amenities such as swimming pools,
badminton court, and basketball court. Just an hour drive from Manila, you can enjoy a
Tagaytay weekend getaway at your very own dream home at Wind Residences.

Amenities included in the wind residences are basketball court, badminton court,
green lawn, playground area, clubhouse, recreational area, sky lounge, tennis court,
swimming pool, jogging path, function rooms, and grand lobbies. And for commercial
areas are savemore market, retail shops, and restaurants and café.

20
 Figure 9.0 Ayala Malls Greenbelt

SOURCE: https://gfparchitects.com/gf/portfolio/greenbelt/

Greenbelt is the prime lifestyle shopping destination within the Ayala Center in
Makati. It is characterized by a large and lush landscape in an urban setting and offers a
mix of upscale retail shops, restaurants, and leisure and entertainment establishments.

The Greenbelt 3 phase is a 4-level area particularly designed to take advantage of

garden spaces, by providing wide al fresco dining terraces facing the greenery and lush
landscaping

Meanwhile, Greenbelt 5 is the latest addition to the original 4-phase Greenbelt

complex. It is a 4-level shopping mall showcasing international and local designer brands,
with a “fashion walk” that regularly showcases the works of Filipino artists and an
amphitheater for events and exhibits.

21
 Figure 10.0 Philippine International Convention Center

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_International_Convention_Center

The Philippine International Convention is a convention center located in

the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. The
facility has been the host of numerous local and foreign conventions, meetings, fairs, and
social events.

The Philippine International Convention Center is composed of five building

modules: the Delegation Building, Secretariat Building, Plenary Hall, Reception Hall and
The Forum. The facility, which was designed by Leandro Locsin, who would be later
named National Artist was built in reclaimed land and has a floor area of more than
65,000 sq ft (6,000 m2).

22
 Figure 11.0 Mckinley Hill

SOURCE: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/here-are-the-top-mixed-use-development-
in-luzonfor-2018/

Megaworld's aim is to provide residents with the ease of combining leisure,

entertainment, living, and work in one location. All of this is done to enable daily activities
such as going to work, shopping, going back home, and engaging in recreational
activities.

Mckinley Hill, a township in Taguig City, represented the exact concept of live,
work, play, learn, and shop in a same community. It is Megaworld's largest township in
Metro Manila, covering 50 hectares in Fort Bonifacio and inspired by Spain and Italy's
sophisticated culture.

Mckinley Hill offers as a feasible investment opportunity because to its consistent

profitability growth and value appreciation. The township has 4,716 apartments, 482
residential lots, 34 residential condominiums, 90 restaurants and commercial
establishments, 15 office buildings, three international schools, and four foreign
embassies. The Venice Luxury Residences and Tuscany Private Estates are two of the
company's initiatives.

23
 Figure 12.0 Iloilo Convention Center

SOURCE: https://business.inquirer.net/97387/iloilo-set-to-turn-into-a-convention-hub

The state-of-the-art convention center will be built in the style of Iloilo's Dinagyang
and Paraw festivals. The overall floor space will be 6,400 square meters.

The ground level of the two-story building will have a 3,700-seat main hall.
According to architect William Coscoluella, there will also be 500-seat event spaces on
the upper story.

It is also intended to meet the demands of world-class cuisine. The celebration

was also attended by Tourism Secretary Ramon Jimenez Jr., Megaworld chairman and
Chairman Tan, and Iloilo officials led by Gov. Arthur Defensor, Rep. Jerry Treas, and
Mayor Jed Patrick Mabilog.

24
2.3 Foreign Studies

Figure 13.0 The Krause Getaway Center

SOURCE: https://www.krausegatewaycenter.com/

The building was designed to provide Krause Group associates a modern and
highly collaborative work environment that offers flexibility for growth in the years to come.
The five-story building is constructed for LEED certification and features glass
prominently on all sides to provide transparency and light throughout the building. The
layout was designed to foster collaboration through the innovative and unique use of
space and light, including outdoor terraces available to Krause Group associates for
flexible work areas.

Massive roof overhangs provide both an artistic element to the building as well as
a functional one by increasing energy efficiency. A “green” roof planted with native prairie
grasses and flowers lessens the impact of energy usage and water run-off.

Also, the entire plaza surrounding the building is landscaped to serve as a natural
extension of the celebrated John & Mary Pappajohn Sculpture Park located across the
street.

25
BUILDING HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE

Natural, abundant light throughout the building

Collaborative work environments

Outdoor meeting space

Rooftop garden

Dedicated space for training

Multipurpose room for all company gatherings and events

Fitness room and adjoining locker room

Game room

Art collection

Parking for associates

26
 Figure 14.0 Shimao ShenKong International Center

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/936115/mvrdv-wins-competition-to-design-the-
mixed-use-shimao-shenkong-international-center-in-shenzhen-china

Shimao ShenKong international center acts as a new three-dimensional urban

living room for the city of Shenzhen. This project provides an excellent model for future
commercial complexes, by including more than 20 programs, utilizing sustainable
strategies, and integrating into the existing community. It aims to create an area that
encourages people to be outside even when it is hot—a literally cool space for the
university district. This thesis can learn how public spaces and natural landscapes can be
integrated into the densifying cityscape from this project.

Conceived around the notion of sustainability, the project, situated on a defined

public space, will be an integrated part of the university neighborhood, bringing innovation
and liveliness to the area. In order to knit Shenzhen's newest urban living room into its
context, the second-floor holds bridging elements that form a continuous route and
connect the development with the surroundings.

27
 Figure 15.0 Hangzhou Duolan Commercial Complex

SOURCE: https://www.archdaily.com/522376/hangzhou-duolan-commercial-complex-
brearley-architects-urbanists

The new district typifies contemporary Chinese urbanism: high density, high
speed, highly privatized, and well-engineered, but with surprisingly underdeveloped
public open public space. Thus, this project focuses on combining public open space with
commercial complex, adding public space for urban space. Architects developed the
building as a perimeter block to create active street and park edges, and to create a
number of public squares, courtyards, and lanes internally; the shopping mall is turned
inside out. The complex can be explored via a number of highly connected or loopy
multileveled routes.

By slicing diagonally through the rectilinear perimeter block, the roof gains access
to the ground level, and each floor gains immediate access to the roof. Occupants can
access the different floors via the external stairs of the roof garden, or from the traditional
internal lobby. At the rooftop garden, entrance to each floor is a terrace with space for
occupants of that floor to meet informally as they cross paths. Within the building there

28
are shared triple height balconies and atria for occupants’ use. "We believe the scaling
and localizing of shared space, from the district scale street edge plaza to the shared
front door of the units, brings potential for the informal creation of a range of communities
of different scale."

The green roof in Hangzhou's garden city provides the city with a unique public
open space; creates social, entertaining, community garden, and recreational spaces for
occupants; and supports a myriad of environmental benefits, including reducing the urban
heat island effect (Hangzhou has extreme summers); recycling water (water is collected
from the rooftop and reused for watering plants); providing opportunities for urban
farming; and maintaining flora and fauna in the city.

Figure 16.0 International Exhibition & Convention Centre in Dwarka, New Delhi

Source: http://www.iiccnewdelhi.com/sub/01/sub_1.asp

As a result, the project's goal is to build a state-of-the-art, world-class Exhibition

and Convention Centre for India. It is expected to become a globally known architectural

29
landmark with cutting-edge design and cutting-edge green building characteristics.
Because of the project's breadth and variety, each location will have distinct
characteristics that will determine both the obstacles and possibilities for attracting
investment and achieving a desired level of success.

The ECC will be having an integrated complex with a host of mutual beneficial
facilities, Exhibition Halls, Convention Center with Banquet Halls & Auditoria, Sports
Arena, Open Exhibition Spaces, mixed use commercial spaces like Star Hotels, F&B
outlet, and Retail Services. These components will have the ability to be utilized
independently or in conjunction with each other, depending upon nature of the event.

Figure 17.0 Bangalore International Convention Centre

Source: https://populous.com/project/bangalore-international-convention-centre

The project must reflect to the history of the site or place like The Bangalore
International Convention Center, which considers the site for the overall concept of the
development. The researcher is inspired to create garden spaces around the structure
and blends into the visitors.

30
 The master plan has been designed around the garden city theme with the intent
of creating a unique convention-exhibition experience within a garden. The main public
entrance is located such that people pass through or around the central garden to reach
their destinations. The buildings are located around the garden spaces and blend into the
surroundings to make the garden and its users the focus.

2.4 Local Studies

FIGURE 18.0 Zephyr’ Mixed Use Development in Mandaluyong City, Philippines

by Archion Architects

SOURCE: https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/manila-zephyr-vision.1485790/

31
 The structure is oriented to maximize wind flow through the turbines while reducing
heat gain. Even though the turbines are the most visible “green” part of the design,
numerous other elements contribute to its long-term viability. The project is envisioned as
part of a bigger initiative to demonstrate sustainable technology and practices that may
be implemented without having a significant impact on our daily lives, as a first step
toward local market acceptance of sustainability.

FIGURE 19.0 Aseana Parqal, Paranaque

SOURCE: https://www.dmwai.com/news/dmwai-aims-for-completion-of-mixed-use-
project-by-2021/

Parqal is a play on the terms Park and Kalye. It is a five-hectare property with a
gross floor area (GFA) of 78,000 square meters. It consists of nine separate four-story
buildings that will cover two blocks of Macapagal Boulevard: Block 2 (between Celero
Drive and Macapagal Boulevard) and Block 5 (between Macapagal Boulevard and
Macapagal Boulevard). The buildings' architectural expression is modernized in relation
to "Bahay-na-Bato," the Philippines traditional architecture inspired by Hispanic and
Chinese influences in terms of form, character essence, and material profile. Recognizing
the importance of open space in contemporary urban planning, 60% of Parqal's total lot
area is committed to lovely green landscapes and recreational facilities.

32
 “Decades ago, sustainable park living in the city was only a dream for the Filipinos.
With the inception of Parqal, this dream is now a reality. Imagine a long retail spine where
you can find themed open-spaces every five minute-walk. I think that’s something you
can only find in Aseana City”, said Buds Wenceslao- CEO of DMWAI.

With its stunning architectural design, first-rate retail and commercial outlets,
conspicuous open areas, and closeness to the airport and other public transportation,
Parqal is expected to become one of the metro's top tourist destinations in the future.
DMWAI also hopes to create more jobs for Filipinos and create a community that is
sustainable, progressive, and world-class through this initiative. Parqal is expected to be
completed by the end of 2021.

FIGURE 20.0 Cebu Mixed-Use Development by R.SU Architects

SOURCE: https://architizer.com/projects/cebu-mixed-use-development/

A mixed-use development in Cebu City, Philippines. The design concept of the

projects hinges on the synergy of its core responsibilities. These 4 components are

33
RETAIL, OFFICE, HOTEL and CONDO. The concept is to exude a sense of "openness"
for its users/tenants. By applying green wall elements and plant boxes with varying
lengths at different angles, the structure appears to be less dense. With the aid of a
progressive vertical element in design, decks are therefore created for the users to enjoy,
while still maintaining a density that is both friendly and efficient.

FIGURE 21.0 Mixed-Use Development in Clark Freeport Zone

SOURCE: https://www.palafoxassociates.com/news/clark-freeport-zones-upcoming-30-
hectare-prime-district

A 30-hectare premier mixed-use development will soon rise in the heart of Clark
Freeport Zone, the country’s upcoming city of the future. Situated in a larger land area,
the development will optimize the scale of the property by introducing a balanced and
integrated mix of uses within a safe and synergetic environment. Residential and

34
commercial areas will be designed conveniently close and in harmony with light industries
and logistics, which will be further enhanced with ease of accessibility.

The development will feature an impressive mix of garden apartments,

condominiums, retail blocks, hotel developments, a transport hub, and light industries.
The design of the site recognizes the importance of future residents’ and visitor’s health,
wellness, and security, so it integrates abundant landscaping and vibrant streetscapes
and urban design with walkable and bikeable paths and spacious open spaces such as
a river esplanade, an urban park, and a sports and leisure club. The development is
approximately four kilometers away from the Clark International Airport and is closely
located to the access road of New Clark City and other points of interest like the Clark
International Speedway and the Dolores River. These exciting future developments will
surely provide future locators, residents, and tourists more enriching and enjoyable
experiences.

A DPWH earmarks P180M for convention center

SOURCE: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/158818

SOME P180 million was earmarked by the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH)-Cordillera Administrative Region for the proposed repair had
rehabilitation of the city-owned Baguio Convention Center under the agency’s 2018
national building program which forms part of the national expenditure program.

In her letter dated July 31, 2017, to Mayor Mauricio Domogan, DPWH-Cordillera
regional director Nerie Bueno requested the local government for a coordination meeting
to discuss the preparation of detailed plans and the conduct of pre-detailed engineering
activities for the identified project that was provided the required funding requirement by
the agency in next year’s budget.

The DPWH-Cordillera official proposed for the conduct of a joint inspection of the
facility once the city’s technical team had already prepared the initial conceptual plan for
the said project.

35
 “Please be informed that the completion of the procurement process for all civil
works of all identified priority projects to be implemented by the agency is on or before 30
November 2017, hence, we are hoping that the proposed coordination meeting be
scheduled the soonest,” Bueno stressed.

Buneo appreciated the efforts of the local government to sustain close coordination
among concerned government agencies and city departments in the provision of quality
infrastructure projects for the people of the city and the whole region in general.

On the other hand, Domogan directed the City Building and Architecture Office
(CBAO) to immediately coordinate with the DPWH-CAR and the DPWH Baguio City
District Engineering Office to facilitate the necessary detailed plans and pre-detailed
feasibility study for the project to make sure that the desire of the local government to
upgrade the city-owned premier convention facility will be realized the soonest.

2.5 Synthesis

The researcher's research and studies provided sufficient inspiration and

motivation to pursue the project further. These findings have presented the researcher
with multiple opportunities to create and incorporate more ideas into the project. Through
comparative analyzation the researcher was able to create knowledge and sustainable
concepts from the foreign and local research and studies.

In relation with the proposed mixed-use commercial complex and convention

center, the Valley Towers combines offices, shops, catering, cultural facilities, and
apartments in one building related to the mixed-use of the project proposal. Valley
integrates perspectives on sustainability, technology, and health. The building is not just
built but also built with plants and trees around it that’s makes it green and sustainable
design.

Oasis Towers encloses most of the site to create a protected environment at its
heart. This building is also surrounded with trees and lush greenery and green landscape

36
on the building’s cascading terraces. Planters divide adjoining balconies, ensuring that
the green paradise continues all the way to the tower.

SENSO Convention Center has modern organizational structure and provides

majority services to foreign customers. It is designed on the client’s perception to reflect
company culture, and besides, more dramatic. It relates to the convention center that is
proposed in the project. It is constructed with people's participation in the level of emotion
within rational expression.

As per Greenland Convention Center, it contains several individual buildings:

restaurant-gallery, café-gallery, residential accommodation, hotel, exhibition and cultural
center, office building, sport center and ceremony halls which is related in the project
proposal as it is a mixed-use combined with a convention center. It is a is a multifunctional
convention center facility that is surrounded with the greenery of its environment.

CL Commercial Center is a building consisting of flexible spaces, properly adapted

to house small establishments of diversified uses. It relates with the main reason of why
it is built in the reason of supporting the economic development of the municipality of its
location. Its modest but appealing character, capable of increasing the energy of the
street and raising it to the status of a space not only for movement but also for
permanence and civic interaction, was imposed as a necessary challenge.

The Taichung Convention Center Mixed-use Development located in the Taichung

City Precision Machinery Innovation Park in Taiwan is related on how the project is set to
sustainability. Its sustainability was inserted from the very beginning and served as one
of the major drivers during the design process the researcher chose to incorporate it in
his project proposal. Numerous passive design features in the Taichung Convention
Center Mixed-use Development such as natural ventilation, natural light, and a
performance hybrid building façade will be adopted to the project proposal.

The Wind Residences is a popular tourist spot for both local and international
visitors. It provides stunning views of Taal Lake and the Metro Manila landscape. Its
features are one of the aims of the proposed project of the researcher. It has amenities

37
that offers enjoyable and entertaining to its users. Amenities that are included in the Wind
Residences can also be added to the proposed project.

The green landscape and plan of Ayala’s greenbelt mall, this commercial building
serves the concept of green and interactive spaces for the users. The appearance of
timber construction gives a serene and calming façade. Their landscapes are mixed
softscapes, hardscapes and water features that based on study have affection to the
psychological thinking of humans.

The Philippine International Convention relates in hosting most of numerous local

and foreign conventions, meetings, fairs, and social events inspiring the proposed
convention center in the project. It has its modern and brutalist design combined with its
enormous construction of windows.

Mckinley Hill inspires the project proposal in its aim of combining leisure,
entertainment, living, and work in one location. It illustrated the idea of living, working,
playing, learning, and shopping in the same community.

As the Iloilo Convention Center serves for local and international meetings,
conferences, exhibits, social and business events. The convention center is nearby other
commercial establishments and Richmond and Marriott Hotels. It relates to the
convention center that is proposed in the project as it will be catering meetings,
conferences, exhibits, social and business events.

The Krause Getaway Center associates a modern and highly collaborative work
environment that offers flexibility for growth that can be an idea to make the proposed
projects environment work. It is constructed using LEED certification and features glass
prominently on all sides to provide transparency and light throughout the building. It is
designed and layout by innovative and unique use of space and light, including outdoor
terraces. Massive roof overhangs add both an artistic and functional feature to the
building by boosting energy efficiency. A "green" roof planted with native prairie grasses
and flowers reduces energy consumption and water run-off. Its building highlights
included can be also added in the proposed project.

38
 Shimao ShenKong international center project provides an excellent model for
future commercial complexes, by including more than 20 programs, utilizing sustainable
strategies, and integrating into the existing community. Its goal is to create a location that
encourages people to be outside even when it's hot a physically cool environment for the
university district. This project can teach this thesis how to incorporate public areas and
natural landscapes into the densifying cityscape. The project, conceived around the
concept of sustainability, will be an integrated element of the university neighborhood,
bringing innovation and liveliness to the area.

This project uses new district contemporary Chinese urbanism Hangzhou Duolan
commercial complex has a high density, high speed, highly privatized, and well-
engineered, but with surprisingly underdeveloped public open public space. In relation to
the proposed project its goal of this concept is to combine public open space with a
business complex, thereby increasing public space in metropolitan areas. A variety of
highly connected or loopy multileveled routes can be used to explore the complex is
designed in this project. Its roof gains access to the ground level, and each floor gains
immediate access to the roof that can be used to the project proposal. This project uses
sustainable design, and its concept gives environmental benefits also and not only in the
building.

The characteristics of International Exhibition & Convention Centre in Dwarka,

New Delhi will define both the barriers and opportunities for attracting investment and
reaching the required level of success. Depending on the nature of the event, these
components will be able to be used separately or in concert with one another. It will be
having an integrated complex with a host of mutual beneficial facilities, Exhibition Halls,
Convention Center with Banquet Halls & Auditoria, Sports Arena, Open Exhibition
Spaces, mixed use commercial spaces like Star Hotels, F&B outlet, and Retail Services
which the proposed convention center can gain idea on what will it have in the building
and what will it cater.

The Bangalore International Convention Center project reflects the history of the
site or place. Which can be used to the proposed project that needs to be built reflecting
on the history of the site or place. The researcher of this project is motivated to design

39
garden spaces surrounding the structure that fit in with the guests. The garden city theme
was chosen with the goal of producing a one-of-a-kind convention-exhibition experience
within a garden. The buildings are placed around the garden spaces and fit in with the
environment, allowing the garden and its users to be the focal point.

By integrating both sustainable and experiential aspects of each study it will help
the concept of the proposed project. The use of sustainable and ecological facade has
inspired the project to integrate its concept of “ALTA” for its aesthetic parts in order for
the building to connect the user, the building, and the environment. Zephyrs mixed-use
development goals are in line with the proposal such as introducing and showcasing the
importance of sustainability through its design.

The Parqal development’s use of “themed” open spaces is a great example of

experiential approach, in which every space gives of a different experience for the user.
Local research helped the proponent in proving that open space designs enhance the
users experience inside an establishment.

In relation with the Cebu Mixed-Use Development by R.SU Architects its design
concept can be related to the proposed project. Its components are related to the mixed
use of the project that has retail, office, hotel, and condominium. Its openness to its users
it also related and its greenery concept that is applied in its walls and other elements.
Decks were therefore constructed for users to enjoy with the use of a progressive vertical
element in design, while still retaining a density that is both welcoming and efficient.

The project proposal is connected to the Mixed-Use Development in Clark Freeport

Zone by its spectacular mix of garden apartments, condominiums, retail blocks, hotel
projects, a transportation hub, and light businesses. It also emphasizes the health,
welfare, and security of its future inhabitants and visitors; thus, it incorporates lush
landscaping and dynamic streetscapes and urban design with walkable and bikeable
routes and wide-open spaces like a river esplanade, an urban park, and a sports and
leisure club. Which can be used to the project proposal so its future residents and guests
will be comfortable to use its perspective spaces or areas.

40
 The P180 million earmarked by the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH)-Cordillera Administrative Region for the proposed repair had rehabilitation of the
city-owned Baguio Convention Center under the agency’s 2018 national building program
which forms part of the national expenditure program relates to the project that the
government department can be part of the convention center or the whole project for
budgeting the proposed project.

One of the keys aims of the project will be to come up with ways to integrate each
space with each other. Everything is possible with critical thinking and creative planning.
Buildings featured in the related literature foreign and local, shows how architectural
design and construction can be difficult and sophisticated. They all show their individuality
in terms of its designs and architecture. These infrastructures define architecture that
serves humans, nature, and the future of an evolving and changing environment.

Thus, these related literatures and articles will help the proponent in planning the
mixed-use commercial complex and convention center development with such
considerations that will make the proposal an eye for the tourists, host exhibits, events
and boost the economy business and tourism of Tagaytay City without sacrificing the
beauty while conserving its natural environment.

41
 CHAPTER III

Research Methodology, Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis

3.1 Research Design (Data Gathering Procedure)

3.1.1 Research Paradigm

The researcher follows a step-by-step method in composing the project proposal.

The pragmatic arrangement of the research study throughout the design process will
result in a foundation of facts and ideas.

Figure 22.0 Research Paradigm

42
Research Generation

The researcher was able to obtain information from multiple authorities regarding
the project's profile and space requirements. Actual inspection of the site was conducted
to study the location’s suitability for the project as well as its physical condition to fully
understand what is needed for the proposed Mixed-use Commercial Complex and
Convention Center.

Furthermore, the researcher gathered critical data by:

Library Research

The researcher conducted preliminary research on the project through utilizing e-

books and hardcopy books. These are publications that have been made in connection
with the proposed project. Several studies and theses that use publicly available data and
information assist the researcher in supporting the proposed study.

Government Agencies

The researcher acquired critical and technical information on the project plan with
the cooperation and assistance of government institutions such as the City Planning and
Development Office of Tagaytay City. The information and data gathered may be used to
develop a solution to the issues mentioned, which can later be executed with the
assistance of the Tagaytay City government.

Internet

In today's day, the internet is the most convenient instrument and most updated
method of research, and it was used to visit numerous websites to gain knowledge,
thoughts, and insights on the best approach, new concepts, and technologies to include
into the proposal. The researcher was considerably assisted in identifying relevant
literature and case studies for the intended issue by means of internet, which is the most
innovative and current means of searching.

43
 Method Research Sources Data Information
Library and Internet Graphic Standard Design Spaces Standards
Planning and Designer’s Design Spaces Standards
Handbook
Wikipedia and Google General Information
Tagaytay City’s Official Information about
Site Tagaytay
Local Government Units Office of the Municipal Comprehensive Land Use
Planning and Development Program (2009- 2018)
Coordinator Social Economic Profile
Physical Profile
Map of Tagaytay City
Imagery Map
Open Streep Map
Road Map
Street Map
Brent to Pavilion
Demography Map
Flood Hazard Map
Flood Prone Areas
Geographic Map
Ground Rupture Hazard
Map
Hazard Map
Hybrid Map
Land Use Plan
Land Use Map
Landmarks Map
Light Gray Canvas Map
Liquefaction Hazard Map

44
 Brgy. Boundary
Tabloid Map
Tabloid Map 2
PEIS Hazard Map
River Map
Road Network
Structure Plan
Topographic Map
Zone Map
Office of Public Employment and
Employment Service Unemployment Rate 2013
Employment Facilitation
Job Vacancies Solicited
Office of the City Assessor Tax Declaration of Real
Property
Technical Description and
Lot Bearing of the
proposed site
Business Permit and Legal Master List of All
Office Establishments
Site Visit Actual Sites Sites pictures
Personal investigation of
the data from the sites.

Table 1.0 Specific Data Resources

3.1.2 Data Sources

Primary Data/Sources

45
 The research design's data analysis was reliable enough to produce legitimate
instruments that resulted in valid outcomes and the attainment of the study's objectives.
It also provided answers to various research concerns including the most effective
procedures for this study, as well as the most often used instrument for validating
research findings and evidence.

The study included qualitative and quantitative research data, with the goal of
finding considerable genuine evidence of appropriateness, feasibility, and other relevant
subjects that may be utilized in the proposal to develop a well-designed and well-planned
proposal for the overall completion of the project.

Secondary Data/Sources

The researcher obtained information from Batangas State University's Foster

Wheeler Library. The data gathered are the related information including the numerous
theses available and associated with this study. The Batangas City government and
private authorities, especially the City Planning and Development Office and the City
Assessor's Office, provided the correct zoning and location of the site, information
concerning Batangas City's development and socioeconomic profile, as well as the lot
titles.

The usage of the internet also provided significant data on research, mainly in
foreign and domestic studies. Reliable online sources provided superb quality information
that was essential and vital.

Criteria for Empirical Research

RELIABILITY: preferably, outcomes are assessed with relatively little measurement

error. Unreliability increases unexplained variation within groups and reduces the power
of analysis.

VALIDITY: in selecting a relevant measure for an outcome, it is critical that logical

inferences can be made for the operations upon which the measure was based to the
theoretical constructs relevant to the study.

46
RANDOMIZATION: subjects should be randomly selected from the correspondents and
then randomly assigned to interviewing.

3.2 Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis

This part of the study shows the information gathered and how will one relate to
other in determining the best approach for the feasibility and development of the proposal.
With all the related information and the process of analyzing the proponent identify the
consideration in planning and designing the proposed project.

3.2.1 Site Selection

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria

Listed below are the general and specific site characteristics that aided the
researcher in selecting the most suitable location for the proposed project.

Accessibility – It is defined as easily reached or entered physically.

Availability – This term deals with presence of important utilities such as water
supply, power and community lines, telephones, and drainage.

Flexibility – It is described with sufficient space and can adapt changes for future
expansion.

Geographical Location – It is the point of view in the area.

Environment – It is a key aspect in rehabilating the children.

Proximity – It refers to the closeness to the users.

Topography – This refers to the land character of the site.

Visibility – This pertains to having a clear view and ability to be seen easily; place
may be well-known by the public.

Market Type – Sites well located with respect to the target market.

47
 Zoning – It should be permitted to be used for the proposed mixed-use cultural
education center.

SITE CRITERIA POTENTIAL SITE

SITE A SITE B
Accessibility 4 4
Availability 5 3
Flexibility 4 4
Geographical Location 4 4
Environment 5 4
Proximity 4 4
Topography 4 4
Visibility 4 4
Market Type 5 5
Zoning 5 4
TOTAL 44 40

5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 2 – Poor 1 – Very Poor

Table 2.0 System of Evaluation and Rating

3.2.1.3 Site Justification

The system of evaluation rating is one of the processes which are used to know
which site is fitted for the construction of the proposed project. Through this, the
researcher can choose from which among the two (2) sites is fitted for the project.

48
 Figure 23.0 Site A. Brgy. Zambal, Tagaytay City, Cavite

The site A, Brgy. Zambal is part of Primary urban zone in Tagaytay city, which the
city highly encouraged developments that includes residential subdivisions, hotels,
residential condominiums, malls, restaurants, and other likes to further boost the city’s
economy. The primary purpose of the primary urban zone is to expand land allocation for
commercial and other mix-use development use particularly in northern portion of the city
thus encourage more investments and generate more income for the city. Which make it
a suitable site for the proposed project and has an accessible road network and will have
an access in the south side of the site to the future four (4) lane road development that
starts to Emilio Aguinaldo Highway and ends in Luksuhin – Mangas road in Alfonso,
Cavite.

49
 Figure 24.0 Site B. Maitim II East, Tagaytay City, Cavite

The site B, Maitim II East is part of general development area in Tagaytay city, a
central business district to developed as a PUD which is a land development scheme
wherein the project is comprehensively planned as an entity via unitary site plans which
permits flexibility in planning/design, siting of buildings, complementary of building types
and land uses, usable open spaces, and the preservation of significant natural land
failures. Which also make it a suitable site for the proposed project and has an accessible
road network since it is fronting national road Emilio Aguinaldo Road connecting to
Manila.

50
3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 Macro Site

Figure 25.0 Map of CALABARZON

Source: en.wikipedia.org

CALABARZON is the Philippines' 12th biggest region, with 16,873.31 km2. The
region is mostly flat, however there are some coastal regions and mountains.
CALABARZON is bounded on the west by Manila Bay, on the north by Metro Manila,
Bulacan, and Aurora, on the east by Lamon Bay and Bicol, and on the south by the Isla
Verde Passage. Each province in the region has a diverse range of habitats, from low-
lying coastal regions to harsh alpine terrain.

The region is in southwestern Luzon, just south and east of Metro Manila and is
the second most densely populated region. CALABARZON and MIMAROPA were
previously combined as Southern Tagalog, until they were separated in 2002.

Executive Order No. 246, dated October 28, 2003, designated Calamba City as
the regional center of CALABARZON. The largest city in CALABARZON Region and the

51
second highly urbanized city is Antipolo City. Lucena City is the first highly urbanized city
in this region. CALABARZON is the most populated region in the Philippines, with a
population of 12, 609, 803 inhabitants. In relation with the site, Tagaytay is hyperlinked in
different areas of CALABARZON for it are at the middle zone of the region. This can be
an opportunity for the project to increase its users and he population of tourism In
Tagaytay. As CALABARZON connecting to the NCR (National Capital Ragion) it would
be much easier to attract more people for the proposed project. This will set as standard
for other neighboring areas of CALABARZON on how this project magnetizes the idea of
business and tourism.

Figure 26.0 Map of Province of Cavite

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Cavite is bordered on the east by Laguna province, on the northeast by Metro

Manila, and on the south by Batangas province. The West Philippine Sea is to the west.
It is part of the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with the National Capital Region's
Metro Manila. The beautiful province is a perfect getaway because of its metropolitan
impact, simple accessibility, good infrastructure, and relatively fresh natural surroundings.

52
 It is in between of Batangas province and Manila that set as the bridge way of two
and other provinces. It forms the rolling plateau. The topography includes steep hills,
ridges, and elevated inland valley. The plateau is characterized with ground elevation.
Agricultural lands are also abundant in the area considered as part of their trading
businesses. The Cavite is manila’s neighbor and a good contributor by mean of trading
system that up rises their city in terms of business.

Figure 27.0 Base Map of Tagaytay

Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

Tagaytay is known as the second-class area of Cavite. For it is known which has
competitive developed land. The primary things which tourist visit this land is for their
panoramic view of Taal lake and volcano and for the climate that this land serves. Tourism
is one of the things that attracts tourist and other local citizen of the place. As the growing
population of Tagaytay business related projects were starting to grow and developed in
here. They serve good facilities and accommodations and lead them to be a competitive
district of the city. The area is known for its cool temperatures, low humidity, and plentiful
rainfall. The average temperature in the area is 22.7 degrees Celsius. During the months
of December, January, and February, Tagaytay is foggy and cold.

53
 The topography of the land were mixed levels of flat, sloppy, and steep landforms
for it is near the Volcano and mountainous landforms around the city. Their roadway has
different access to revolve around the district. Infrastructures in here are being modernize
and meet the needs of its users and give more job opportunity for their community.

BRIEF HISTORY

Legend has it that word "Tagaytay" came from "TAGA" meaning "to cut" and
"ITAY" which means "Father". A father and son were said to be on a wild boar hunt when
the animal they were chasing turned and attacked them. As the bear charged towards the
old man, the son cried, "TAGA, ITAY". The boy's separated shoul reverberated in the
valley on the ridge. Heard by the residents, hunters and wood gatherers, the cries became
the subject of the conversation for several days among the people in the countryside. In
time, the place where the shouts came from became known as TAGAYTAY. During the
Philippine revolution of 1896, the ridges, and forests of Tagaytay became the sanctuary
for revolutionaries including of those from nearby provinces. The passage to and from
towns via Tagaytay added the word "to traverse ridges". At the outbreak of the Second
World War, the 11th Airborne Division of Lieutenant General William Krueger's 8 th Army
airdropped military supplies and personnel on the Tagaytay ridge prior to the Liberation
of Manila from the Japanese on marker was installed in 1951 at the junction of the Silang
Calubang-Nasugbu roads by the city officials in coordination with the Philippine Historical
Institute. Tagaytay became a chartered city on June 21, 1938, when President Manuel L.
Quezon signed Commonwealth Act. No. 338, a bill authored by Representative Justiniano
S. Montano of Cavite.

54
 Figure 28.0 Tourist Spots Map

Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

55
 Figure 29.0 Major Access Road Map

Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

56
 Figure 30.0 Land Capability Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

57
 Figure 31.0 Soil Suitability Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

58
 Figure 32.0 Protected Area Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

59
 Figure 33.0 River Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

60
 Figure 34.0 Erosion Hazard Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

61
 Figure 35.0 Ground Shaking Tagaytay Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

62
Figure 36.0 Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

63
Figure 37.0 Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard
Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

64
Figure 38.0 Taal Volcano Base Surge Hazard Map
Tagaytay City
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

65
Figure 39.0 Soil Classification Map Tagaytay City
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

66
 Figure 40.0 Tagaytay Administrative Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

67
 Figure 41.0 Fire Access Road Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

68
Figure 42.0 Volcanic Eruption Danger Zone Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

69
 Figure 43.0 Proposed Land Use Plan Map
Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

a.1 Location and Area

Tagaytay City has a total land area of 6,500 hectares or 65 square
kilometers; politically subdivided into 34 barangays and composed of 213
zones/puroks.
It is approximately 56 kilometers South of Metro Manila. It is linked
by the National Highway to the Metropolitan Manila Area and to the
Provinces of Batangas and Laguna. It is also connected by roads to the
adjoining Municipalities of Amadeo, Mendez, Indang, Silang and Alfonso
in Cavite towards the Northwest, to the Cities of Calamba and Sta. Rosa
in Laguna in the Northeast and to the Town of Talisay in Batangas on the
South.

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a.2 Political Subdivision

The city is politically subdivided into thirty-four (34) barangays, thirteen (13)
of which are urban, and the rest are rural. The thirteen (13) urban barangays are
the following: Maitim II East; Silang Crossing East; Silang Crossing West; San
Jose; Tolentino East; Sungay West; Sungay East; Maharlika East; Maharlika West;
Kaybagal South; Mendez Crossing East; Mendez Crossing West and Francisco.

Table 3.0 Political Subdivision

BARANGAY AREA (has)

1. Asisan 133.43
2. BagongTubig 173.75
3. Calabuso 446.38
4. Francisco 358.00
5. Dapdap West 148.10
6. Dapdap East 75.09
7. Guinhawa North 78.93
8. Guinhawa South 94.11
9. Iruhin East 297.29
10. Iruhin Central 253.14
11. Iruhin West 240.71
12. Kaybagal South 404.16
13. Kaybagal Central 214.33
14. Kaybagal North 120.33
15. Maharlika East 73.82

71
 16. Maharlika West 194.55
17. Mag-asawangIlat 73.11
18. Mendez Crossing West 58.37
19. Mendez Crossing East 55.40
20. Maitim II East 141.31
21. Maitim II Central 96.90
22. Maitim II West 76.29
23. Neogan 165.43
24. PatutongMalaki South 237.08
25. PatutongMalaki North 258.02
26. Sambong 301.24
27. San Jose 418.90
28. Sungay East 280.08
29. Sungay West 202.43
30. Silang Crossing East 197.23
31. Silang Crossing West 248.91
32. Tolentino East 91.49
33. Tolentino West 164.13
34. Zambal 127.89

a.3 Topography

Tagaytay City is characterized by mixed topography. The

southern and eastern portions are covered by hills and mountains which
are generally forests and open grasslands. There are ridge areas with
slopes ranging from 10.1 to over 25 percent. On the other hand, the
portions adjoining the municipalities of Mendez, Indang, Amadeo and
Silang are level to nearby level areas interspersed with very gently
sloping surface. The built-up areas including the urban center are
situated in these relatively level portions of the city.
a.3.1 Slope

72
 One of the important factors being considered in determining the suitability
of lands for urban development as well as the capability of an area for cultivation
is the slope. For classification of slopes specified by the Task Force on Human
Settlements as part of the Ecological Information Decision Systems (EIDS) used
in Human Settlements planning, the different slope categories, and its distribution
among the lands in Tagaytay are the following:

Table 4.0 Types of Slopes

AREA (in SHAR TYPE SLOPE CHARACTERISTI

hectares) E RANGE (%) CS
(%)
2,210.0 34.0 A 0 to 2.5 Level to nearly level
715.0 11.0 B 2.6 to 5.0 Very gently sloping
or undulating
390.0 6.0 C 5.1 to Gently sloping or
10.0 undulating
520.0 8.0 D 10.1 to 18.0 Moderately sloping
or rolling
1,040.0 16.0 E 18.1 to 25.0 Strongly sloping or
strongly rolling
1,625.0 25.0 F Over 25.0 Strongly hilly to
mountainous

Levels at moderately sloping areas endowed with good soil

characteristics are favorable for cultivation and urban utilization. Strongly
sloping to mountainous condition renders the land highly prone to soil
erosion and unfavorable for agricultural production and urban
development.
Approximately 2,665 hectares of land, which represent 41.0% of the
city’s total land area, have slopes of above 18.0%. These strongly rolling
and mountainous portions are situated along the ridge and on the eastern

73
end of the city. Due to the unsuitability of these mountainous and strongly
sloping portions for cultivation and urban use, most of these areas are
currently utilized as forests or abandoned as open grasslands.
Areas with Type D slopes (10.1 to 18.0 percent) cover 520.0
hectares of land in portions of Barangays Calabuso, Dapdap, Iruhin,
Sungay, Sambong, Kaybagal, San Jose and Silang Crossing. Due to the
good soil characteristics in the city, these moderately or rolling areas are
planted to diversified crops although there are still vast tracks of open
grasslands in Barangays Dapdap and Calabuso. Type C slopes (5.1 to
10.0 percent) are most prevalent in Barangays Francisco, Iruhin, Sungay,
Tolentino and San Jose. These gently undulating slopes are mostly
devoted to different crops due to their suitability for cultivation. Except for
the eastern end of the city, the lands situated at the north of the National
Highway leading to Batangas have slopes ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 percent.
Slopes in these thirty four percent (34%) or 2,210 hectares of land are
classified as Type A.
a.4 Geology
It includes:
Rock Formations – The two types of rocks found in Tagaytay City
are (1) volcanic rocks and (2) clastic rocks.
Soils – The basic type of soils found in Tagaytay City belong to
Tagaytay series. These are the Tagaytay sandy loam in the central
and western portions of the city and the Tagaytay loam for the
eastern portion. Knowledge of the soil types and soil characteristics
provides some guiding principles in selecting and recommending
various uses of land.
Land Capability Classes - In Tagaytay City, the lands suited for
agriculture consists of four land capability classes. These arable
lands which cover 3,836.95 hectares or 59.03% of the total land
area and are currently cultivated and planted to diversified crops.
a.5 Land Resources

74
Land Use Types
• Tourism Strip – It is comprised of a 60-meter northward
distance from the center of the Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba
Road and all areas within 18% downward slope on the
southern side of the said road. It shall serve as one of the
key venues for the “sustainable ecological tourism base” and
shall be in line with the realization of the city’s vision.

• Primary Urban Core - Developments focuses on the

provision of urban facilities and amenities such as hotels,
convention halls, parks, and similar institutions. This area
shall revolve around the existing Tagaytay Centrum or the
government center.The areas covered are located in four (4)
clusters (Clusters 1-4) along Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and
Tagaytay-Calamba Road respectively.

• Secondary Urban Core -Secondary Urban Core Areas are

located at the four points of intersection, namely: Tagaytay-
Mendez, Tagaytay-Amadeo and Tagaytay Sta. Rosa and
Tagaytay Aguinaldo Highway from Silang Junction
extending northward in a linear function along the Tagaytay-
Manila Road. These areas shall be of the neighborhood
development type providing primary services and facilities to
the adjacent barangays.

• General Development Areas - This is the predominantly

residential / subdivision area with the necessary facilities and
amenities. Easy accessibility to stores, schools, etc. for the
dynamics of urban existence are realized by allowing the
existence of these complimentary activities within one area
management unit. The opportunities to house the internal

75
 residential requirements of the city’s population are provided
by this area.

• Agricultural Development Areas - These areas provide

wedges to the general development area and are located in
the northern periphery. The center of activity shall be on the
development and strengthening of agricultural production
and to maintain the rural ambiance of the city. These areas
shall also serve to stop the severity of urban sprawl that the
city has been experiencing in the past years.

• Ecological Development Areas –These areas comprise the

steep and critical slopes and the southern portions of the city
below the ridge. Its objective is to provide a permanent, yet
productive vegetative cover and its main development thrust
shall be agroindustry.

• High Density Housing Areas - These areas are intended for

socialized housing projects and are located in the eastern,
central and western parts of Tagaytay in order to attain an
even distribution of housing areas in the city.

• Ecological Tourism Areas - These are located at the east

where the quiet location, terrain and panorama are highly
suited for ecological-tourism development. Developments in
these areas need to be “…an environmentally sound tourism
activity in a given ecosystem yielding socio-economic
benefits and enhancing natural and cultural diversity
conservation.”

• Special Conservation Area - As defined by Proclamation No.

76
 740 dated February 16, 1996, this includes all areas within
one kilometre radius from the People’s Park in the Sky. All
uses shall be in consonance to the Proclamation’s
stipulations: recreational, scientific, planned area for new
development and other similar purposes and this shall be
developed as another Planned Unit Development (PUD).
• Special Institutional Areas - These are located on the north-
eastern part of the city. Under a quiet, rural setting, all new
sites for churchrelated institutions are to be located in this
area.

• Greenbelt Zone - A 30-meter greenbelt strip shall be

maintained along the entire periphery with emphasis on the
major roads leading to the city to further strengthen the
Nature City image.

b. Climate

Tagaytay City’s climate is characterized by relatively low temperature, low

humidity, and abundant rainfall. The city is endowed with a cool and invigorating
climate with an average temperature of 22.7 degrees Celsius. The city is misty and
is relatively cooler during the months of December, January, and February. Like
most areas in the Province of Cavite, the city has two pronounced seasons: dry
from November to April and wet during the rest of the year.

c. Population and Demographic Profile

As per 2007 NSO report, the city’s total population is 61,623 with a
Population Growth Rate (PGR) of 4.49%. Since Tagaytay is a major tourist
destination, population doubles on weekends and holidays due to influx of tourists
and visitors. Household population of the city is 11,965.

77
 Table 5.0 Area, Population, Number of HH per Barangay

NAME OF BARANGAY AREA POPULATIO Number of

(in has.) N Household

1. Asisan 305
133.43
2. BagongTubig 1723 158
173.75
3. Calabuso 852 188
446.38
4. Dapdap East 870 103
75.09
5. Dapdap West 701 190
148.1
6. Francisco 1004 498
358.00
7. Guinhawa North 2746 130
78.93
8. Guinhawa South 516 270
94.11
9. Iruhin Central 1266 198
253.14
10.Iruhin East 996 268
297.29
11.Iruhin West 893 546
240.71
12.Kaybagal Central 2573 766
214.00
13.Kaybagal North 4407 467
120.33
14.Kaybagal South 2273 803
404.16
15.Mag-asawangIlat 6345 252
73.11
16.Maharlika East 1133 219
73.82
17.Maharlika West 1054 226
194.55
18.Maitim II Central 1420 214
96.90

78
 19.Maitim II East 141.31 1011 477
20.Maitim II West 76.29 1898 163
21.Mendez Crossing East 55.40 759 547
22.Mendez Crossing 58.37 2630 399
West 165.43 1774 546
23.Neogan 258.02 2321 362
24.PatutongMalaki North 237.08 1413 455
25.PatutongMalaki South 301.24 1799 223
26.Sambong 418.90 892 539
27. San Jose 197.23 3003 130
28. Silang Crossing East 248.91 1354 177
29.Silang Crossing West 280.08 1321 702
30.Sungay East 202.43 3830 579
31.Sungay West 91.49 3018 398
32.Tolentino East 164.13 1948 262
33.Tolentino West 127.89 1143 205
34.Zambal 737
6,500 11,965
TOTAL
61,623

The city’s total labor for the city’s total labor force is 36,974covering
an age bracket of 15-65 years old. The population for Under 15 years old
is 17,581; and for over 65 is 1,488. The ratio of children to adults is 1:2.
The Employment Rate is 97%, unemployment Rate is 3%. The high
percentage of employment is due to the City Government’s effort in
providing employment opportunities to its constituents. One of the major
factors of which is the passage an ordinance (City Ordinance No. 2002-
199) - an ordinance which mandates all business establishment owners to
employ Tagaytay residents 50% during construction and 60% during
business operation.

79
 The Human Resource and Management Office also serves as the
PESO of the City that conducts regular Job Fairs.

Since Tagaytay is part of the Southern Tagalog Region, 93.58%

speak the Tagalog language. The second most used dialect in Tagaytay
is Bicolano, which is spoken by 1.52% of the residents. Other dialects
which constitute only a small part of the population (mostly migrants in the
City) areSamar-Leyte (0.6%), Cebuano (1.0%), Ilocanos (1.28%), and
others (2.02%)

Table 6.0 Dialects used by the residents of Tagaytay City

LANGUAGE PERCENTAGE
Tagalog 93.58 %
Bicolano 1.52 %
Ilocano 1.28 %
Cebuano 1.0 %
Samar-Leyte 0.60 %
Others 1.74 %
Not Stated 0.28 %

Considering that the city is known as a haven of religious

institutions, 95.36% of the populations belong to Roman Catholics while
3.37% belong to the Iglesiani Cristo,1.07% belong to protestants and
0.20% owned by other religions.
Table 7.0 Religious Affiliation of the Citizens of Tagaytay City

RELIGION PERCENTAGE
RomanCatholic 95.36 %
Iglesia ni Cristo 3.37 %
Protestant 1.07 %
Others 0.20%

80
 Out of 11,965 Households of the City, 1,145 HH or 9.56% is living below the
poverty line (based on Php10,000.00 per family of 5). 60% of the HH that belong
to the extreme poverty line are farm tenants and 40% of the HH are landless rural
workers such as Construction Workers, House Helpers and Caretakers. Most of
them are migrants and displaced families who live in informal settlements.

d. Social Services

d.1 Housing Services

The city government formed twelve (12) official settlements to

address the need for shelter and to lessen the squatting problems.

Table 8.0 Tagaytay City’s Pabahay Program

NAME OF LOCATION DATE TOTAL NUMBER

PABAHAY AWARDED OF
BENEFICIARIES

Ina ngPag-ibig Kaybagal February 20

Village Phase 1 Central 2005

Sto. Niño Guinhawa January 20

Homes South 2001

St. Patrick Mag- January 40

Village asawangIlat 2001

Kalayaan Neogan September

Homes 1995
49
Phase 1

Kalayaan Neogan June 1998

Homes

Phase 2-3

81
St. Rafael Kaybagal July 1995 46
Village South
July 1998 181
Core house Lot

Tagaytay Inter- Iruhin West July 2005 52

Asia Village

St. Michael Sungay East

Village
June 1998
Phase I 280
March 1999
Phase II
November
Phase III 1999
Phase IV-V April 2001
Seiz de Junio Sungay East February 36
Village 1995

BahayTagaytay 1 PatutongMalaki February 18

South 2008

BahayTagaytay 2 Maharlika East January 20

2008

BahayTagaytay Mendez February 249

4 Crossing West 2009

There are at least 1,011 families who benefited from this

PABAHAY program.

Two (2) Informal Settlements are also scattered around the

city, they are SitioUla-Ula at Barangay Mendez Crossing East and
BagongSilang at Barangay Sungay West.

d.2 Health Care Services

82
 The delivery of basic health care services to the general public is
basically one of the primary concerns of the city. Thus, the City
established its own Primary Hospital (OspitalngTagaytay) in 1997 to
render health services for the city residents especially to underprivileged
patients. In order to improve its services and accommodate the increasing
number of inpatients, the City Government constructed additional building
(expansion) for additional hospital beds and to comply with the minimum
requirement of the Department of Health for hospital upgrading from
primary to secondary.

In addition, the construction of a state-of- the-art private tertiary

hospital (Tagaytay Hospital and Medical Center) located at Barangay
Silang Crossing East near Rotunda, also caters the needs not only of local
residents but also the adjoining towns as well tourists who visited the city.

For minor cases, the City Health Office is open from Monday to
Friday providing medical and dental services to the city residents. The 34
barangays have also their respective barangay health centers under the
direct supervision of City Health Office personnel assisted by Barangay
Health Workers (BHWs) and Purok Social Workers (PSWs).
Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs) such as Project Health,
Augustinian Sisters and private institutions also provide medical services
to the residents.

At present the city has one (1) City Health Center, 34 barangay
health centers, two (2) hospitals, nine (9) dental clinics, nine (9) medical
clinics and ten (10) drugstores to meet the health and medical needs of
the people.

d.3 Education Services

As per records, a total of 2,414 attendees of 3-5 years old children were in
pre-school. 79% were enrolled in the Day Care Program of the city and the 20.51%
were enrolled at the different private schools in the city and adjoining municipalities

83
in day care centers and private pre-schools in Tagaytay. Out of 34 barangays, 31
have their own day care centers with playgrounds and other basic amenities.

There are sixteen (16) Public Elementary Schools and seven (7) Private
elementary schools located at different barangays. The elementary school age
population is 7,536 but there are 8,267 enrollees due to the enrollment of some
children from the neighboring municipalities.

At present, there are five (5) high school in the city, two (2) of which are
private and three (3) are public. The total high school age population of the city is
3,656 but more than 5,000 are enrolled because lot of enrolees came from the
neighboring municipalities of the city like Mendez, Silang, Amadeo and even
Talisay, Batangas.

There are three (3) colleges in the city – City College of Tagaytay (CCT),
Olivarez College and Divine Word Seminary (SVD). CCT and Olivarez College are
open to all enrollees while SVD offers post graduate studies to the seminarians.
The city also has two (2) vocational schools, the Tagaytay Human Resource and
Development Center (THRDC) and Systems Technology Institute (STI). THRDC
offers short term technical courses such as Hi-speed sewing, automotive, practical
electricity, candle making, etc.

d.4 Protective Services

The Tagaytay Component City Police Station (is located at Tagayaty

Centrum, Barangay Kaybagal South, this city. In order to ensure peace in order in
the community particularly within the vicinity of commercial areas, seven sub-
stations have been established. The Tagaytay City Police has a total uniformed
personnel strength of 82 augmented by the BantayLungsod and Barangay
Tanodsof different barangays.

e. Economic Services

e.1. Agriculture

84
 Agriculture has been the traditional economic base of Tagaytay City
as such will remain be a significant sector in the city’s economic
development.

While soil characteristics of the city are generally highly suitable for
agriculture, topography on the other hand, is determined as the natural
constraint, which has limited available land area that may be conveniently
cultivated. With very rugged topography in the ridge area and eastern
section of the city, only about 2,304 hectares of 34.83% of the city’s total
land area of 6,500 hectares are highly suitable for cultivation. Because of
this natural constraint, substantial area of the agriculturally unsuited land,
the steep land which comprise the southeaster part of central part of the
ridge have been pressured to shifting diversified crops cultivation.

The proven adaptability of the Tagaytay land to various cultivation

encourages shifting of agricultural lands to high-income crops. Because of
unlimited market for and high income derived from coffee, substantial
portion of the city’s land have been developed into coffee farms.

As per 2007 City Nutrition Office report, the total number of

households with vegetable gardens is 3,567.

e.2. Livestock and Poultry

The city’s favourable climate has attracted commercial and

semicommercial livestock farms to locate in the area. Inventory of livestock
and poultry registered increases in the past years. Cattle are raised
principally as work animals, while other forms of livestock are raised
essentially for consumption.

As per 2009 City Nutrition Office report, the total number of

households with livestock production is 1,386.

e.3. Commerce and Industry

85
 The City of Tagaytay has no defined central business district.
Instead, commercial activities tend to conglomerate at four (4) different
parts of the city namely: Barangays Mendez Crossing East and West;
SilangCrossing East, City Market at Barangay Tolentino East and the
Mahogany Beef Market at Barangay Kaybagal South.

In 2009, there are 3,121 commercial establishments situated at

Tagaytay City based on the record from the License Office for businesses
with more than Php50,000.00 Gross Receipts or Initial Capital and
establishments with below Php50,000.00 Initial Capital or Gross Receipts
that are registered at the barangays. These consist of 144 restaurants, 429
carinderia / canteens / refreshment parlor, 16 coffee shops, 8 fastfood
establishments, 15 pharmaceutical stores, 691 retailers and dealers, 15
Spa and wellness center, 24 water refilling stations, 31
medical/dental/veterinary/optical establishments, 35 bakeries, 21 grocery
stores, 169 pasalubong and souvenir shops, 29 construction
supply/hardware and lumber, 19 banks, 7 gasoline filling stations, 19 auto
mechanics shops, 34 hotels, motels, lodging facilities and inns, 73 houses
and rooms for rent, 25 lending and pawnshops, 18 real estate developers
and offices, 38 insurance agencies, 9 financial/investment offices, 14
money changers, 11 travel agencies, 335 sari-sari stores and 892 other
establishments.

Tagaytay City, being basically an agricultural area has relatively few

industries within its vicinity. There are on 11 industries found in the city, Two
(2) of which are agro-based,three (3) are manufacturing oriented and the
remaining are cottage/livelihood industries.

e.4. Tourism

Tagaytay City is one of the vital tourist sites, which play a very
significant role in the country’s tourism industry. From the National and
Regional points of view, Tagaytay City ranks very high in tourism potentials
due to its scenic attraction and available accommodation facilities that meet

86
international standards. Because it is very accessible and strategically near
Metro Manila, which is the main entry and exit point of the country’s local
and international travellers, Tagaytay remains one of the leading tourist
areas in the country.

The city has four (4) convention/conference halls essentially for

training, seminars and conferences namely: Tagaytay International
Convention Center, Development Academy of the Philippines, Ridge Resort
and Convention Center, and Angel’s Hills; two (2) historical markers
namely: 41st Division USAFEE Marker, 11th Airborne Division Marker; four
(4) manmade facilities namely: Japanese Garden, Tagaytay Highlands,
People’s Park in the Sky, Picnic Grove and Livelihood Complex; sixty-one
(61) religious houses; eight (8) festival/events; two (2) museums namely:
Character Museum and MuseongTagaytay; one (1) resort; twelve (12)
hotels; sixty-eight (68) lodging houses; sixty (60) dining establishments;
andthree (3) tourist information service. There is an existing City Tourism
Office and City Tourism Council. Tourist arrival reached more than
2,000,000.

The main tourist attraction of Tagaytay is the captivating panoramic

view of the natural beauty of the Taal Volcano, which is the smallest volcano
in the world and where two delectable, rare species of fish, the “maliputo”
and “tawilis” are found. In spite of its nearness to Metro Manila, Tagaytay
has a unique rustic atmosphere and invigorating cool climate. This is the
reason why people do not only want to visit the place but prefer to hold
seminars / conferences the city. Complementing the natural endowment are
several tourist establishments, which are attractions themselves.

f. Infrastructure

The upgrading of the city’s entire physical infrastructure system shall

be undertaken in order to cope with the increasing development activities.
One of the highlights is the construction of the new arterial highway. The
highway implementation has to be complemented by the judicious

87
 application of land use policies. Otherwise, the city may be engulfed by
urbanization, as developable lands may be accessible from north to south.

f.1 Roads

For purposes of prioritizing the development maintenance of the

roads within Tagaytay, the city’s circulation system is thus, categorized into
three (3) functional hierarchical classifications: national highways, arterial
collector, and service road classification. Based on these classifications,
roads characterized as arterial are given top priority as to
development/maintenance while the service roads are comparatively given
low priority.

The major arterial road of the city is the national Highway horizontally
traversing the city. Aside from being the city’s primary road, which links most
of the city’s barangays, it also serves as a national thoroughfare connecting
Tagaytay to the province of Laguna and to the province of Batangas.

Table 9.0 List of Roads in Tagaytay

Name of Road Length (km)

I. NATIONAL ROADS
5.18
1. Tagaytay-Manila via Silang Road
2.17
2. Mahogany Avenue
6.076
3. Tagaytay-Batangas via Tuy Road
8.7582
4. Tagaytay-Laguna via Calamba Road
2.48
5. Tagaytay-Cavite via Mendez Road
8.7
6. Tagaytay-Taal Lake Road
2.206
7. Tagaytay-Ulat-Sto. Domingo
1.2
8. Tagaytay-Batangas Arterial Highway
2.39
9. Tagaytay-Talisay Road
Sub-Total 39.7

88
II. CITY ROADS:
2.7742
1. TagaytayAmadeo Road
2.97
2. TagaytayAnuling Road
3. Ipil Street 0.85
4. Akle Street 0.779
5. Agoho Street 0.63
6. Narra Street 0.27
7. Picnic Grove Street 0.3
8. Cemetery Road 0.087
9. Market Street 0.32
10. Bernardo Baybay Lane 0.27
11. Cruz Herrera Street 0.9
12. Ligaya Drive 1.2
13. Magallanes Street 2.475
14. Trucking Road 1.55
15. TagaytayUlat Road 0.371
16. Malabag 2nd Road 1.152
17. 11th Air Borne Road
1.895
18. Mirasol Street
0.05
19. Lourdes Street
0.115
20. Pioneer Street
0.776
21. Smokey Hill Drive
0.2605
22. Bonifacio Drive
1.06
23. Cliffside Street
0.034
24. Tagaytay Gymnasium Drive
0.272
25. Tagaytay Centrum Road 1
0.9316
26. Tagaytay Centrum Road 2
0.444
27. Employees Village
1.346
28. P.C. Camp Road (Highway)
0.8
29. Lake View Drive
30. Maitim 2nd East 0.631
0.4
31. Kaybagal South (Mahogany Road)

89
 32. Kaybagal South (going to UlaUla) 0.18
33. Arnuldos Farm Road (extension) 0.17
0.4
34. Mayor’s Drive 1.9
35. St. Patrick Road 0.35
36. St. Patrick Road Ext. 0.35
37. Lagusan Drive Phase I 0.256
0.31
38. Lagusan Drive Phase II
Sub-Total 29.829

III. BARANGAY ROADS

0.840
1. Mag-asawangIlat Road
1.386
2. Neogan Road
1.144
3. Asisan Road
6.321
4. TagaytayZambal Road
1.520
5. TagaytayZambal Ext.
0.450
6. Zambal-Luksuhin Road
1.583
7. Zambal-Guinhawa Road
1.418
8. Tagaytay-Guinhawa Road
1.082
9. Asisan-Guinhawa Road
0.443
10. PatutongMalaki-Guinhawa
1.894
11. PatutongMalaki-Heroes Farm
1.365
12. Sta. Rita Road
1.289
13. PatutongMalaki-Kaybagal
0.343
14. Arnouldus Farm Road
1.010
15. Tagaytay via Mendez Ext.
0.815
16. Tagaytay via Mendez Brgy. Rd.
1.555
17. Tagaytay-Batangas Nat’l H-way Ext
2.112
18. Heroes Farm Road
0.266
19. Kaybagal – PC Camp
1.209

90
20. KalyeLuma 2.434
21. Lourdes Drive 0.569
22. Tagaytay-PulongUsiw 1.200
3.595
23. PulongTalahib Road
24. Tagaytay-Calabuso Road
25. Gen. Gonzales Street 1.418
26. Tagaytay – Bulalo Road 2.100
27. Tagaytay – Cabangaan Road 2.067
28. Tagaytay – Banauan Road 1.550
29. San Jose School Drive 0.073
30. Maitim II East 0.650
31. San Jose SMSK Road 1.050
32. Bulalo Extension 0.895
33. TagaytayCanlubang Road 3.088
34. Malabag 1st Road 1.554
35. Tagaytay Mendoza (Martin) Road 0.850
36. Picnic Grove – Kaykulot Road 1.580
37. Sungay Lane 0.395
38. TagayatyvisBatangas Arterial 1.385
39. Maitim II Central Road 0.046
40. Kaybagal South 1.149
41. Dapdap West 0.295
42. Dapdap East 0.295
43. Tolentino –Francisco Road 0.680
44. Tolentino –Francisco Road Ext. 1.900
45. Tagaytay – Sambong Road 7.000
46. Tagaytay-BagongTubig Road 2.038
47. KalyeWalangPogi (KWP) Road 0.500
48. Bayot Drive 0.550
49. Kap. Godie Cortez Road 0.550
50. Kap. AtoBayot Road 0.450

91
 51. Malabanan Drive 0.800
52. Jimeno-Jeciel Drive 0.480
0.380
53. Payaban Drive

Sub-Total 69.721
Grand Total 139.250

Running almost perpendicular to the arterial roads are eight

other arterial roads, seven of which are maintained by the national
government. At present, all of these are vital road linkages in as
much as they provide access to the towns and cities of the four
regions/provinces, namely: Metro Manila, Laguna, Batangas and
Cavite. These arterial roads are enumerated as follows:

a) Tagaytay – Manila via Silang Road (National Road)

b) Tagaytay – UlatSto. Domingo – Sta. Rosa Road
(National Road)
c) Tagaytay – Cavite vi Mendez Road (National Road)
d) Tagaytay – General Trias via Amadeo Road (City Road)
e) Tagaytay – Talisay Road (2) (National Road)
f) Tagaytay – Laguna via Calamba Road (National Road)
g) Tagaytay – Taal Lake Road (National Road)
h) Tagaytay – Batangas via Tuy Road (National Road)

Meanwhile, collector and service roads are those which branch

out from these arterial roads. These include all the city and Barangay
roads in the area. Aside from serving as the main access of the
population in the inner portion of Tagaytay, these roads particularly, the
service roads are also used as farm-to-market roads by the farmers of
the city.
As of year 2010, Tagaytay City has a total length of 139.250

92
 kilometers. Out of this total road length, about 39.70 kms are classified
as National Roads, 29.829 kms are City Roads and 69.721 kms are
Barangay Roads.
f.2 Mode of Transit

As in other towns and cities, the major modes of transport in

Tagaytay are buses, jeeps, tricycle, and cars. These transit types
provide mobility services within the city.

The following bus liners provide transport services to

commuters in Tagaytay:

1. Saulog Transit

2. Celyrosa Express

3. Alfonso Transit

4. San Agustin Liner

5. Kirby Liner

6. Erjohn & Almark Transit

7. Kersteen

8. DLTB Co.

9. Cavite-Batangas Transport Coop

10. BSC Transit

Table 10 Public Transportation in Tagaytay

Travel
Point of Entry Schedule Interval Route Time Rates

93
Alfonso 3 AM to 30 Alfonso to Baclaran& 2 Hours Ordinary
mins
12 MN vice versa Bus: P 120
Mendez Nuñez to
Mendez Nuñez 4 AM to 2 Hours Ordinary
Baclaran& vice versa
30
12 MN Bus: P 90
mins Batangas to Pasay &
Aircon Bus:
vice
Balayan and 4 AM 3 Hours
P 120
versa
Nasugbu, to 7
45 Aircon Bus:
Batangas PM mins
P 180

Public-utility-jeepneys (PUJ’s) are made accessible at strategic

places where people usually unload. They are situated in the following:

• Central Terminal (Barangay Maitim II East) – jeepney route is

towards Silang to Barangay Dapdap East and vice versa

• City Market – jeepney route taken is from the City Market to

Balibago, Sta. Rosa, Laguna and vice versa

• Barangay Kaybagal – jeepney route is towards Amadeo and vice

versa

• Barangay Mendez Crossing – jeepney route is towards Indang;

Anuling, Mendez; Silang, Cavite; Nasugbu and vice versa.

• Public-utility-jeepneys (PUJ’s) are made accessible at strategic

places where people usually unload. They are situated in the
following locations:

• Barangay Silang Crossing – jeepney route is towards Silang to

Barangay Dapdap East and vice versa

• City Market – jeepney route taken is from the City Market to

Balibago, Sta. Rosa, Laguna and vice versa

94
 • Barangay Kaybagal – jeepney route is towards Amadeo and vice
versa

• Barangay Mendez Crossing – jeepney route is towards Indang;

Anuling, Mendez; Silang, Cavite; Nasugbu and vice versa.

Environment

g.1. Solid Waste Management

Tagaytay City has no central sewerage system and wastewater

treatment facility yet due to lack of financial resources, the city uses only
natural drainage and implement three-chamber septic vault. On the other
hand, the city government has been trying to maximize its revenue
collection and at the same time developing new resources to fund the
project.

Due to the increasing number of populations in the city, waste

management is an important issue that the city is giving primordial
importance. The city government encourages people’s participation in the
implementation of environmental programs.

The city established Material Recovery Facility in 2003 located at

Maitim 2nd Central covering an area of 4,000 square meters with machine
equipment designed with capacity that can process mixed waste per day. It
is designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable
materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner.

Upgrading of compost by-products is being done by the City

Agriculture Office which manages an Organic Farm at Mahogany Market.

The city also has an ordinance mandating garbage segregation for

collection and/or disposal (City Ordinance No. 2001-181). In relation with
this ordinance, the City Mayor included solid waste management as a
subcomponent program of Agrikulturang Nayon sa Tagaytay, a Barangay-
Based Economic Development Program. The City Planning & Development

95
Office assists the barangay in the enhancement of their Solid Waste
Management practices. The members of zone level structure were trained
on proper ways of segregation, re-use, recycling, composting and disposal
of their community waste.

The city has 51.34% of the total number of households with access
to solid waste collection. The Local Government Unit thru the Material
Recovery Facility Division of the General Services Office are held
responsible in managing garbage collection in the city. The volume of solid
waste collected (Mostly coming from the two markets and commercial
areas) amount to about 504 cubic meter a week at an average volume of
72 cubic meter daily. Collection of garbage on these areas is done on a
daily basis. Waste from individual household particularly those barangays
that are hardly reached by garbage trucks are disposing their garbage either
by dumping or burning in an open area. Some households, however, do
backyard composting. Toxic and hazardous wastes from hospitals are
separately collected and disposed in a separate dumpsite.

g.2. General Air Quality

Tagaytay City has been famous for its relatively cool and invigorating
climate. Unlike many places, the air quality in Tagaytay is clean and devoid
of pollutants commonly associated with cities in Metro Manila.

g.3. General Water Quality

The Tagaytay City Water District (TCWD) manages the waterworks

system of the city. The TCWD derives its water supply from the city’s three
major springs. TCWD’s pumping station at the Kaybubutong Spring is
serving eighteen (18) barangays, while MatangTubig serves eight (8)
barangays. PulongUsiw Spring, on its part, is serving Iruhin Central. The
total capacity of TCWD amounts to 126.11 liters per second that ensures
the abundance of potable water. At present, 96% of the total numberof
households are being served by the TCWD. Other households draw water

96
 directly from springs, rainwater or deep wells managed by Barangay Water
Service Cooperatives.

h. Institutional Machinery

h. 1. Political subdivision

Thirty-four barangays comprise the city, of which twelve are urban

and the rest are rural. Table 7 indicates the names of barangays and their
respective land area

3.2.2.2 Micro Site

Figure 44.0 Actual Site Pictures – North

97
Figure 45.0 Actual Site Pictures – South

Figure 46.0 Actual Site Pictures – East

Figure 47.0 Actual Site Pictures – West

98
 Figure 48.0 Landmarks Map

Figure 49.0 Sun and Wind Orientation

99
POINT LOT BEARING LENGTH (M)
1-2 N 62d18’ E 241.00
2-3 S 21d41’ E 262.40
3-4 N 69d49’ E 314.00
4-5 S 30d2’ E 101.32
5-6 S 59d58’ W 29.45
6-7 S 4d58’ W 116.67
7-8 N 45d7’ E 67.08
8-9 S 28d11’ E 66.71
9-10 S 17d13’ E 72.84
10-11 S 63d47’ W 166.82
11-12 N 54d35’ W 88.19
12-13 S 35d30’ E 184.40
13-14 S 59d25’ W 41.65
14-15 S 55d10’ E 55.30
15-16 S 12d37’ E 15.02
16-17 S 70d54’ W 65.56
17-18 N 35d49’ W 94.11
19-20 N 43d8’ W 56.01
20-21 N 36d55’ W 71.17
21-22 S 50d48’ W 79.19
22-23 N 42d20’ W 57.18
23-24 N 51d57’ W 105.76
24-25 N 55d19’ W 86.82
26-27 N 30d45’ W 186.05
27-28 N 26d23’ W 160.78

Table 11.0 Lot Bearings

100
3.2.3 Site Analysis

3.2.3.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT Analysis)

MACRO SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

• Given to its highland topography, Tagaytay is noted for its cool and pleasant
environment.
• This tourist destination is pollution-free because they follow basic life and reduce
their use of polluting activities.
• Taal Lake and Volcano’s panoramic view is one of the best attractions that
Tagaytay can serve for the tourists and their community.
• Proximity to growth centers.
• Safe Environment is also an additive for the place torrent tourist for enjoying their
vacation or living.
• The abundance of portable water.
• They have a good presence of power supply and communication facilities.
• The approved land use plan serves them to have a good plan for the community.
• Fertile Soil leads them as good handlers of crops and goods in terms of agriculture.
• The presence of a training institution increases the number of professional workers
in Tagaytay.
• High Literacy rate.
• The high number of tourist-oriented establishments.
WEAKNESSES

• The underdevelopment of the central sewerage system

• Limited accessibility of some barangays
• Land ownership that others were government or company-owned
• No Industrial Zone
• They have a rapid land conversion from agricultural to residential or commercial
establishments.
• Limited access to agricultural technologies

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 • The limited number of tertiary educational institutions and various courses
• No designated solid waste disposal (residual)
• Lack of professional/skilled workers
OPPORTUNITIES

• Potential of trade center for agricultural products and technology

• Collection of taxes on idle lands and other uses
• Presence of international Convention center and establishments
• Tourist influx
• Presence of good tourist facilities.
• Idea and presence of good area or location for communicating facilities.
THREATS

• The rapid Urbanization in Tagaytay.

• Prone to the volcanic eruption, seismic, and landslides.
• The high employment competition for outsiders and the community in Tagaytay.
• The massive shift in land activities from other agricultural uses.
• Security tenure of residents due to the high price of land.

MICRO SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

• The location site is adjacent to different town of Cavite.

• Road networks are accessible to the perimeter of the property, and road right of
way exists on the site, indicating the entrances and exits to every corner of the
site.
• The slope and topography of the location is ideal for the proposed project.
• Near the other tourist and amenities of Tagaytay and other towns of Cavite.
• The wind load at the project location will help direct some natural ventilation in
other project spaces.
• Existing landmarks are located near the site and residential spots.

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 • The site's land use is designated as a primary urban zone which is ideal for the
land use of the proposed project.
WEAKNESSES

• Land ownership could have impact on the project proposal's site scope.
• Limited Panoramic View of Taal Volcano because of existing buildings that can
block the buildings in the proposed project.
• Existing hotel accommodations near the site location.
• Traffic congestion going to the site location.
• Distance of the site location to famous existing tourist spots.
OPPORTUNITIES

• The proposed project will strengthen Tagaytay's tourism industry and create job
opportunities for local residents.
• Part of the future four (4) lane road development of Tagaytay City’s project that
connects to nearby town Alfonso, Cavite.
• A good road network that connects to neighboring towns and allows for people to
move freely, providing for social interaction.
• Unoccupied lots near the site enables for future development of the proposed
project.
• Opportunity to develop a new Tagaytay landmark.
• Accessibility to cater private and public events and exhibits.
THREATS

• The ash fall coming from the eruption and explosion of the Taal Volcano can reach
the project site.
• Existing international convention center and luxury hotels may pose a threat to the
proposed project.
• Limiting of natural ventilation due to climate change and natural disaster events.
• Being far to the Tagaytay City’s existing tourist spots and landmarks.
• Future developments near the project site.

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 3.2.3.2 Summary of Site Analysis

The site addresses a range of important issues. The project site location has its
potential in terms of tourism, business, and event developments. The proposed project
building design should be in sync with the ideal environmental condition, with the goal of
preserving, enhancing, and improving what currently exists. The site development plan
must include information on the site's use both before and after development.

The downsides will describe alternative solutions or ways for minimizing the
negative consequences and turning them into strengths rather than responsibilities. The
researcher concluded that the site will be productive and suited for the project's
development after listing the site's strengths and weaknesses.

3.2.4 User’s Analysis

3.2.4.1 Users Demography

The proposed Mixed-use Commercial Complex and Convention Center will lead
to economic growth, increase of market status of municipality, and maximize center
occupancy and revenue by persuading meeting organizers to select the convention
center venue for events. The development will accommodate the city's rapidly rising
population and urbanization, which is responding positively to the province's declining
unemployment rate. Meeting professionals are the convention center's most significant
target audience.

Tagaytay City Population (2020)

Barangay Population
1 Asisan 2,242
2 Bagong Tubig 879
3 Calabuso 1,029
4 Dapdap East 981
5 Dapdap West 991
6 Francisco 3,502
7 Guinhawa North 625
8 Guinhawa South 1,538
9 Iruhin East 1,122
10 Iruhin South 1,397
11 Iruhin West 3,409
12 Kaybagal East 5,113

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 13 Kaybagal North 3,595
14 Kaybagal South 7,220
15 Mag-Asawang Ilat 1,605
16 Maharlika East 1,063
17 Maharlika West 1,179
18 Maitim 2nd Central 1,536
19 Maitim 2nd East 1,572
20 Maitim 2nd West 883
21 Mendez Crossing East 3,335
22 Mendez Crossing West 2,638
23 Neogan 3,364
24 Patutong Malaki North 3,043
25 Patutong Malaki South 4,229
26 Sambong 1,294
27 San Jose 6,776
28 Silang Junction North 2,483
29 Silang Junction South 1,608
30 Sungay North 4,897
31 Sungay South 4,686
32 Tolentino East 2,243
33 Tolentino West 1,441
34 Zambal 1,812
Total 85,330
Table 12.0 Population from 2020

As per 2020 PSA report, the city’s total population is 85,330 with a Population
Growth Rate (PGR) of 3.57%. Its nighttime population is the same with its daytime
population since the city does not have any university or industrial park that encourages
a different situation. Since Tagaytay is a major tourist destination, population doubles on
weekends and holidays due to influx of tourists and visitors. Household population of the
city is 16,095 in 2015.

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 Table 13.0 Tagaytay City Tourism Statistics for 2016-2020

Possible Clients for the projects proposed Convention Center:

• Department of Education (DEPED)

o Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
o National Book Development Board (NBDB)
• Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
o Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
o Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB)
o National Mapping & Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)
o National Water Resources Board (NWRB)
o Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
o Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES)
o Bureau of Labor Relations (BLR)
o Bureau of Local Employment (BLE)
o Bureau of Rural Workers
o Employees' Compensation Commission (ECC)
o Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)
o Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)
o Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)

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 o Information and Publication Service (IPS)
o Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC)
o National Conciliation and Mediation Board (NCMB)
o National Wages and Productivity Commission (NWPC)
o National Labor Relations Commission (NWPC)
o Regional Tripartite Wages & Productivity Board, Region VII
o Regional Tripartite Wages & Productivity Board, Region IX
• Department of Tourism (DOT)
o Philippine Tourism Authority
o Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC)
• Department of Agriculture (DA)
o Agricultural Credit Policy Council
o Agricultural Training Institute (ATI)
o Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)
o Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS)
o Bureau of Agriculture & Fisheries Product Standard
o Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
o Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI)
o Bureau of Soils & Water Management (BSWM)
o Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority
o National Dairy Authority (NDA)
o National Food Authority (NFA)
o National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS)
o National Nutrition Council (NNC)
o National Tobacco Administration (NTA)
o Northern Foods Corporation (NFC)
o Philippine Carabao Center
o Philippine Coconut Authority
o Philippine Fisheries Development Authority
o Philippine Rice Research Institute
o Sugar Regulatory Administration

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 • Social Security System (SSS)
• Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)
• Pag-IBIG Fund (PAG-IBIG)
• Career Executive Service Board
• Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)
• National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
• National Youth Commission (NYC)
• Civil Service Commission (CSC)
• Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
• Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
• Commission on Audit (COA)
• Philippine Librarian Association, Inc (PLAI)
• National Library of the Philippines (NLP)

Other Government Agencies and Private Businesses or Real Estate Companies

are included.

There are one hundred eighty-two (182) Restaurants/ Food Chains, sixty-four (64)
Carinderia/Canteens, seventy (70) commercial buildings, one hundred nineteen spaces
for rent, eighty-four (84) Refreshment Parlors, seventy-five (75) Hotels/Motels, seventy-
six (76) Rooms for Rent, and six (6) In-land Resorts to cater the needs of the tourists.

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3.2.4.2 Organizational Structure

Figure 50.0 Organizational Chart of ALTA Development

109
 Figure 51.0 Organizational Chart of Condotel

Figure 52.0 Organizational Chart of Commercial Building

110
 3.2.4.3 Behavioral Pattern

General Manager

Figure 53.0 Behavioral Pattern of General Manager

Figure 54.0 Behavioral Pattern of ALTA Development Guests

Figure 55.0 Behavioral Pattern of Commercial Building Guests

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Figure 56.0 Behavioral Pattern of Convention Center Guests

Figure 57.0 Behavioral Pattern of Condotel Guests

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Figure 58.0 Behavioral Pattern of Employees in Front Desk Office

Figure 59.0 Behavioral Pattern of Retail Store’s Owner

Figure 60.0 Behavioral Pattern of Housekeeping Department

Figure 61.0 Behavioral Pattern of Security Department

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 CHAPTER IV

Architectural Programming

4.1 Spatial Organization

This chapter will provide figurative representations that the proponent can use to
identify features and relations in the scope and organization of the proposed project.
Building spaces must be organized into patterns so that they can relate to one another in
an accurate manner. Giving these factors the proper distribution can lead to the area's
effective development. The spatial relationships of shapes define their interaction and
usefulness.

Spatial organization is essential in creating a well-designed solution. Building with

good architecture increases the productivity of the area.

4.1.1 Spatial Identification

The focus of spatial identification is to identify the needed spaces and determining
its users and roles to the proposed project, ALTA, a mixed-use commercial complex with
convention center that has an interconnected approach on planning and design, and
therefore needs to be complementary among each other. To achieve these goals, major
entities that is essential are:

4.1.1.1 Staffing Requirements

Commercial Building

A. Administrative Department

a. General Manager - a general manager is a significant member of the

corporate hierarchy who oversees managing all aspects of an
organization's operations.

b. Assistant Manager - the Assistant Manager is responsible for assisting

the General Manager

c. Executive Secretary - performs clerical and secretarial duties.

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B. Operations Department

a. Operations Manager – Oversees the whole building's functioning and

approves all reports and enquiries.

b. Assistant Manager – During the absence of the operations manager,

aids the operations manager in overseeing the building's operations and
acts as the officer-in-charge.

c. Secretary – responsible for the operations manager's secretarial job.

d. Building Administration manager – The operation and maintenance of

the building's facilities are your responsibility.

e. Customer relation manager – meets the tenants' and consumers'

concerns.

f. Department Manager – person in charge of the building's other

components' functioning

C. Marketing & Advertisement Department

a. Marketing Manager – person in charge of marketing and advertising to

increase the number of customers in the building

b. Marketing Officer/s - the person in charge of the advertising and

coordinated events operations.

D. Marketing and Sales Division

a. Marketing and Sales Director- oversees developing and implementing

short and long-term sales, marketing, and product development plans for
existing and new markets.

b. Asst. Marketing Department- assist marketing managers and

executives with initiatives aimed at increasing business revenues and
establishing sales strategies or marketing campaigns.

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 c. Banquet and Sales Manager- controls all elements of a banquet or
event, including set-up, menu selection, and food presentation, with a
strong emphasis on detail and excellent presentation, as well as customer
service.

d. Sales Manager- Typical job title for someone in charge of sales. Roles
such as talent development and leadership are common.

e. Sales Supervisor- Organizes and directs the everyday operations of

salespeople who are marketing and selling a product.

f. Office Staff/ Clerk- In an office, professionals, or clerical staff.

g. Sales and Marketing Account Executive – Account executives operate

in a wide range of businesses, acquiring clients and closing transactions.
They're in charge of caring after the company's clients and maintaining a
positive company-client connection.

E. Leasing Department

a. Leasing Director – one in charge of filing the building's leasable space

b. Leasing Officer – Before delivering the information to the leasing

director, she double-checks the queries.

c. Leasing Supervisor – I'm in charge of tenant inquiries.

F. Accounting & Finance Department

a. Accounting Director– supervises the accounting and financial reporting

in general.

b. Asst. Accounting Director – To calculate or keep a record of assets,

liabilities, profit and loss, tax liability, or other financial operations within an
organization, evaluate financial data and create financial reports.

c. Secretary – a person who organizes data and works for or on behalf of

someone else (usually the boss).

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 d. Controller - By developing financial policies, processes, controls, and
reporting systems, he oversees optimizing the return on financial assets.

e. General Accountants - specialists in financial document and report

analysis and preparation, such as tax returns, income statements, and
balance sheets. Accountants keep track of how much money comes in and
goes out.

f. Tax Officer - Oversees all tax reporting and guarantees that all
government rules are followed.

G. Treasury Department

a. Treasury Manager – Officer in charge of dealing with cash and bank

deposits.

b. Treasury Officers – Before presenting to the management, go over the

questions again.

c. Treasury Clerk - oversees the department's clerical duties.

H. Human Resource Department

a. HR Director – The person in charge of supervising the department, who

is generally the one who approves the reports and enquiries.

b. Asst. HR Director- Assisting the Director in the management and

administration of the Human Resources department to provide exceptional
guest experience and financial profitability.

c. HR Recruitment Officer – HR officers establish, advise on, and execute

policies related to an organization's successful use of employees.

d. Compensation and Benefit Office - responsible for analyzing,

measuring, and optimizing the firm's C&B strategy, as well as providing
market-competitive information on compensation packages.

e. Payroll Chief - Manages payroll preparation, reporting, and records to

pay employees and gather payroll information.

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 f. Labor Relation Officer - conducts a wide range of professional level
tasks in the field of employee/labor relations, as well as providing
labor/management knowledge and perspective on other human resource
initiatives.

g. Training and Development Officer- manages an organization's

workforce's learning and professional development. Learning and
development officers are another name for them.

I. Design and Engineering Department

a. Chief Engineer – responsible for the technical supervision of an

engineering project's development, manufacturing, or operation.

b. Energy Manager Supervisor- keeps track of how much energy is used

in the business. He or she creates and implements policies and processes
aimed at lowering energy use and/or increasing efficiency.

c. Administrator Supervisor - Involved in the recruitment and selection of

clerical employees, as well as overseeing them.

d. Electrical Engineer – All electrical engineering is my responsibility.

e. Mechanical Engineer – All mechanical engineering is my responsibility.

f. Preventative Management Supervisor - Completes preventative

maintenance routines to keep systems and equipment in good working
order. He or she oversees restoring, repairing, rebuilding, or replacing
inoperable or defective components and parts.

g. Maintenance Personnel - In charge of ensuring that machines and

equipment function smoothly.

Condotel Building

A. Administration Department

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 a. Executive Director – An executive director supports operations by
supervising staff, planning, organizing, and implementing administrative
systems.
b. Assistant Director – provides office services b implementing
administrative systems, procedures, and policies, and monitoring
administrative projects.
c. Secretary – is responsible for administrative and clerical duties and
assists with both daily tasks and long-term projects. He or she schedules
appointments, maintains records and file reports.
d. Senior Clerk – is mainly in charge of assigning work, supervising, and
instructing clerical staff and executing administrative tasks on a day-
today basis.
e. Clerks – performs duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any
specific office clerical occupation. He or she may be assigned in
accordance with the office procedures and may include a combination
of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office
machine operation and filing.

B. Finance and Human Resource Department

a. Finance and Budget Director – analyzes a variety of financial

information for the purpose of providing direction and support, making
recommendations, maximizing use of funds, and/or ensuring overall
operations are within budget.
b. Human Resource Recruitment Officer – recruits and evaluate job
candidates, advises, manager and manages relocations and intern
program.
c. Supervising Clerk – responsible for supervising the functions of
accounting clerks including basic general ledger, receivables account
payable and bookkeeping for the organization.

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 d. Accounting Clerk – responsible for financial record keeping including
process expenditures, receipts, payroll, and the other financial
transactions.
e. Cash Clerks – responsible for controlling cash by receiving and
disbursing funds, recording transactions and processing payments.
f. Records Officer – responsible for the effective and appropriate
management of an organizations records from their creation through
their eventual disposal. He or she provides access to accurate records
for a range of operational and strategic purposes.
g. Utility Men – performs are variety of duties depending upon the orders
given.

C. Property Development Office (for Residential Condominium only)

a. Planning Manager – supervises and participates in advanced, highly-

complex professional planning activities
b. Planning Supervisor – coordinates the health and safety aspects of
project design.
c. Planning Technicians – provides technical assistance and information
to staff and the public in the administration of specific planning program
areas.
d. Property Officer – takes the lead in communication and organization in
obtaining maintenance quotes, identifying contract details, provides
regular maintenance status reports, and updates maintenance work
plan.
e. Utility Men – performs a variety of duties depending upon the orders
given.

D. Sales Department

a. Director of Sales- The Room Attendant oversees cleaning guest rooms

and public spaces of the hotel, as well as restocking bedding and ensuring
that the condotel maintains a high level of presentation.

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 b. Sales Manager- Assists the Director of Sales with new and current
account servicing to guarantee repeat business.

E. Food and Beverage Department

a. Food and Beverage Director- in charge on the condotel’s floor service

operations.
b. Chef- responsible for overseeing all individuals who work under their
charge in the kitchen.
c. Assistant Food & Beverage Director. Supports the F&B director for
the operations on food and beverage department.
d. Restaurant Executive Manager. Ensures that restaurant operates
efficiently and profitably while maintaining their reputation and ethos;
and responsible for all food production including that used for
restaurants, banquet functions and other outlets. He also develops
menus, food purchase specifications, recipes, supervises staff,
develops, and monitors food, purchase specifications, recipes,
supervises staff, develops, and monitors food and labor budget for the
department and maintains highest professional food quality and
sanitation standards.
e. Banquet Manager. Oversees food service and preparation for special
events, from ordering the right grade of beef for brisket to pairing the
punchiest cheeses with wines to coordinating elaborate centerpieces
with clients.
f. Head Waiters. The offer guests an exceptional formal dining
experience. In addition to, providing food service to restaurant patrons,
lead the waiting staff whilst on their shift, and monitor waiting duties
through to completion are their function.

F. Housekeeping Department (for Hotel only)

a. Executive Housekeeper. Responsible for all duties of the

housekeeping operation and cleanliness levels in all areas of the

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 property. Responsibilities include the following: staff training, inter-
department communications, and staff scheduling.
b. Assistant Executive Housekeeper. Supports the executive
Housekeeper in all duties of the housekeeping operation and
cleanliness levels in all areas of the property. Responsibilities include
the following: staff training, inter-department communications, and staff
scheduling.
c. Breakfast Attendant. Responsible for setting up the daily
complimentary continental breakfast, ensuring that the breakfast items
are well stocked, and cleaning up after breakfast.
d. Housepersons. Responsible for maintaining the cleanliness and
appearance of the Hotel and providing customers with quality service in
a timely and friendly manner. Responsibilities vary but may include the
following: cleaning and maintain the appearance of the public areas of
the hotel, deep cleaning of assigned areas, setting-up and maintaining
complimentary hotel lobby functions including the coffee service and
nightly concierge events, cleaning and setting-up meeting room
functions, restocking housekeeping stations, delivering service items to
guest rooms upon requests from the front desk, and driving shuttle van
when needed.
e. Room Attendant. Responsible for the cleanliness of guest rooms,
hallways, and public areas in the hotel. Responsibilities include the
following: serving guest rooms daily in accordance with hotel
procedures, stocking cart with room supplies, and replacing bed linens
and replenishing guest room supplies.

G. Maintenance and Security Department

a. Chief Security Officer – responsible for the entire security function,

physical and digital security requirements. He or she institutes
appropriate security programs.

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 b. Surveillance Officers – act as oversight and a security agent for
various commercial establishments, guests, and customers by
monitoring the activities of the establishment using various methods,
such as two-way mirrors and audio/visual equipment.
c. Facility Security Officers – provide assistance to ensure the day-to-
day smooth management and operation of a building’s infrastructure
through administrative support and at times overseeing maintenance
tasks.
d. Security Officers – security officer that is responsible for maintaining a
safe and secure environment for customers and employees by patrolling
and monitoring premises and personnel.
e. Security Guards – responsible for guarding, patrolling, and monitoring
premises to prevent theft, violence, and infractions of rules.

Responsibilities include:

1. Coordinates building maintenance and repairs that impact regular

building operation with Buildings & Grounds Maintenance.

2. Updates tenants on electricity, water, and other service disruptions, as

well as scheduled shutdowns.

3. Oversees the building's overall security.

Convention Center

A. Executive Department
a. Board of Directors – Board membership will be volunteer.
Responsibilities will include:

1. Election of Board Executive Committee

2. Hiring of Executive Director

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 3. Agreement to convene at prescribed times bimonthly to discuss
issues and take decisions regarding the overall mission, vision,
and direction.
4. Acting as ambassadors in the community to promote and create
awareness in the public sphere.
5. Responsibility for the economic, environmental, and social
sustainability.
b. Officer in Charge - They're in charge of analyzing reports, organizing
patrol responses, and communicating with individuals who are worried.
c. General Manager – He or she is in charge of overseeing the
organization's everyday activities. Assist in the creation of tactical
programs to achieve certain goals and objectives.
d. Secretary – Ensures that the meetings are effectively organized and
minted. maintain effective records and administration.
e. Deputy General Manager – He/she assists the General Manager to
plan, develop, implement, and oversee company initiatives and projects.
She or he oversees the company's operations, has budgeting
responsibilities, and is involved in hiring and evaluating company
employees.
f. HR Director – He/she is responsible for the smooth and profitable
operation of a company's human resources department. Typically, they
supervise and provide consultation to management on strategic staffing
plans, compensation, benefits, training and development, budget, and
labor relations.
g. Executive Director. This portion will be full time and report to the Board
of Directors.
B. Front Office Department
a. Front Desk Supervisor - Ensure efficient and smooth operations for
producing excellent feedback and guest satisfaction
b. Senior Receptionist – Receiving guests and welcoming them in the
warmest way possible and answering telephone calls.

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 c. Front Desk Clerk - Taking any reservations, answering any guest
questions, recommending local attractions to guests, and answering any
phone calls.
C. Finance Department
a. Accounting Manager - This person is in charge of managing and
monitoring the accounting department's daily activities. Accounting data
is monitored and analyzed, and financial reports or statements are
produced. Creating and implementing correct accounting rules,
procedures, and concepts.
b. Finance Controller - Coordinating and leading the budgeting, financial
forecasting, and variance reporting processes. Monthly financial
statements must be prepared and published on schedule.
c. Accountant – Prepares asset, liability, and capital account entries by
compiling and analyzing account information.
d. Treasurer – He / She is responsible for financial planning, establishing
budgets and making vast investments on behalf of the corporation.
e. Internal Auditor - Responsible for offering recommendations to
decision-makers on ways to improve accounting and reduce financial
risk.
f. Bookkeeper - Maintains records of financial transactions by
establishing accounts; posting transactions; ensure legal requirements
compliance
D. Marketing Department
a. Marketing Manager - Creating a pricing plan that optimizes revenues
and market share while also taking consumer happiness into
consideration. Social media, public relations, and content marketing are
all things I'm in charge of.
b. Director, Marketing & Events Manager - organize, coordinate, and
execute all deliverables and event logistics for live and virtual trade
exhibitions, conferences, webinars, and capital sales prospect events.

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 c. Convention Sales Officer - He or she negotiates convention business
and coordinates its execution with other departments to meet the
development's revenue, profit, and customer satisfaction targets.
d. Sales Executives - responsible for helping build up a business by
identifying new business prospects and selling product to them.
E. Security Department
a. Chief Security Officer - Ensure that an organization's security function
adds value and gives it a competitive advantage.
b. Security Guards – Protecting company's property and staff by
maintaining a safe and secure environment.

4.1.1.2 Space Identification

Commercial Building

• Mall Lobby
• Information Desk
• Open Space and Landscapes
• Kiosks
• Rentable Spaces
• Supermarket
• Department Store
• Restaurants
• Cashier Area
• Storage Room
• Cold Storage
• Theater
• Cyber Zone
• Food Court
• Toilet Facilities
• Loading Dock
• Storage Room

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• Building Maintenance room
• Admin room

Administrative Area

• Lobby
• Elevator
• Escalator
• Reception / Front Desk
• Waiting Lounge
• Board of Director and Manager’s Department
• Marketing and Sales Division Department
• Human and resources Administration Office (HR)
• Accounting Department
• Operation Department
• Engineering & Design Department
• Security Department
• Clinic
• Conference Room

Office Area

• Office Lobby
• Elevator
• Escalator
• Open Space & Landscapes
• Front Office
• Conference Room
• Gathering Space
• Cafeteria or Dining Hall
• Private Toilets or Restrooms

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• Physical Fitness area
• General Storage
• Executive Office
• Open Workstation
• Reception desk
• Printer, Copier, and fax Center
• Supply Room
• File Area

Convention Center

• Pre – Function Hall

• Lobby
• Waiting Area/Lounge
• Registration/Costumer Service Desk
• Café/Lounge
• Exhibition Halls
• Auditorium
• Ballroom
• Theatre
• Banquet
• Public Toilet
• Dressing Room
• Green Room/ Waiting Area
• Production Office
• Stage Manager’s Office
• Storage Rooms
• Front Desk Supervisor Office
• Telecommunication Room
• Control Room
• Loading Dock

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• Building Maintenance room

Condotel Building

• Lobby/Lounge
• Elevator
• Reception Area
• Toilet Facilities
• Studio Type Unit
• Loft Type Unit
• 1 Bedroom Unit
• 2 Bedroom Unit
• 3 Bedroom Unit
• Penthouse
• Single Bedroom
• Double Bedroom
• Twin Bedroom
• Presidential Suite
• Service Kitchen
• Restaurant
• Restaurant manager’s office
• Dining Area
• Café
• Lounge
• Locker Rooms
• Laundry Room
• Beauty Salon
• Barber Shops
• Spa rooms
• Fitness Gym
• Staff Locker Room

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 • Staff Quarter Room
• Storage Rooms
• Swimming Pool
• Administrative Department
• Finance and Human Resource Department
• Property Development Office
• Food and Beverage Department
• Housekeeping Department and Security
• Service Area
• Garbage Chute
• Building Maintenance room

Recreational Park

• Open field
• Landscape features
• Green Garden

Parking Area

• Bus Parking Area

• Car Parking Area
• Delivery Trucks Parking area
• Guard House

4.2 Definition of Spatial Element

The researcher studies the spatial features of the project in this phase to get an
idea of the approximate area of spaces required for design development.

4.2.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

The analysis of qualitative and quantitative elements includes identifying

and estimating the key users of the premises, as well as qualitative analysis of the

130
spaces, furniture, fixtures, and equipment on the premises. Through this research
and analysis, the researcher developed the space characteristics and circulation
percentages that are used to define the approximate area of spaces that the
researcher will require for project design planning.

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 COMMERCIAL BUILDING
SPACE CIRCULATION
FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
QUALITY ALLOWANCE (C)
sqm/
NO NO
PERS
. TO . CIRCUL
SPACE FUNC ON A+ A+B
Users O TA OF FURNITURE TOTAL B ATION
S TION OCCU B +C
F LA FU (30%)
PANT
U RN
LOAD
S
E
R
L
(4- 2.25m
Guests/
Mall Public, 20 seater) xD 0.9 29. 29. 389 505.
Employe 1.80 360 30 116.71
Lobby Open 0 Sofa 0.43m 7 03 03 .03 74
es
Set xH
0.80m
L
Formal, Front 2.00m
Informa Semi Recepti desk xD 1.2 1.2 1.2 8.4 10.9
tion private 4 1.80 7.2 1 2.52
o Counte 0.60m 0 0 0 0 2
Desk
nist/Staf r xH
f 1.10m
L
(4- 2.25m
seater) xD 0.9 19.
Sofa 0.43m 7 35
Open
Set xH
Space Guests/
Public, 20 0.80m 28. 388 505.
& Employe 1.80 360 20 116.69
Open 0 L 95 .95 64
Landsc es
(4- 0.80m
apes
seater) xD 0.4 9.6
Coffee 0.60m 8 0
Table xH
0.80m
Hallways
W
1.80m
Rentabl Cashie xD 1.9 1.9
1
e r Desk 1.10m 8 8
Invitin
Space Employe xH
g,
(Clothe es, 0.80m 5.1 41. 550.
Conve 20 1.80 36 12.35
s Custome W 8 18 60
nient
Apparel rs 2.00m
Public Item
) xD 1.6 3.2
2 Cabine
(20) 0.80m 0 0
ts
xH
2.10m
W
1.80m
Cashie xD 1.9 1.9
1
Rentabl r Desk 1.10m 8 8
Invitin
e Employe xH
g,
Space es, 0.80m 5.1 41. 550.
Conve 20 1.80 36 12.35
(Other Custome W 8 18 60
nient
items) rs 2.00m
Public Item
(20) xD 1.6 3.2
2 Cabine
0.80m 0 0
ts
xH
2.10m
W
1.80m
Rentabl Cashie xD 1.9 1.9
Invitin 1
e Employe r Desk 1.10m 8 8
g,
Space es, xH 16. 106 146
Conve 50 1.80 90 31.91
(Resta Custome 0.80m 38 .38 5.80
nient
urants) rs W
Public Item
(20) 2.00m 1.6 3.2
2 Cabine
xD 0 0
ts
0.80m

132
 xH
2.10m
W
(4- 1.40m
seater) xD 1.1 11.
10
Dining 0.80m 2 20
Table xH
0.75m
W
2.00m
Cashie xD 1.6 1.6
1
r Desk 0.80m 0 0
Forma Employee xH
Kiosks l, s, 0.80m 2.0 9.2 176.
4 1.80 7.2 2.76
(10) Semip Customer W 1 1 90
rivate s 0.45m
xD 0.2 0.4
2 Chairs
0.45m 0 1
xH
0.45m
W
Inform Employee 0.80m
Escalat al, s, 10. xD 2.8 11. 11. 22. 95.7
12 0.90 4 ------ 6.60
or (4) Semip Customer 8 3.50m 0 20 20 00 2
rivate s xH
3.50m
Elevat
Inform
or
al, Employee
Dimen
Elevato Functi s, 7.2 1.4 2.8 2.8 10. 24.1
8 0.90 2 ------ sion: 3.024
r (2) onal, Customer 0 4 8 8 08 28
1.20m
Privat s
x
e
1.20m
Supermarket
W
Inform 1.80m
Cashier Staffs/
al, Cashie xD 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.7 69.7
Area Employee 2 0.90 1.8 1 1.13
Semip r Desk 1.10m 8 8 8 8 5
(15) s
rivate xH
0.80m
W
2.00m
Cashie xD 1.6 1.6
1
r Desk 0.80m 0 0
Forma Employee xH
Kiosks l, s, 0.80m 2.0 9.2 44.2
4 1.80 7.2 2.76
(5) Semip Customer W 1 1 5
rivate s 0.45m
xD 0.2 0.4
2 Chairs
0.45m 0 1
xH
0.45m
W
Invitin
Employee 1.80m
g, Grocer
Dry s, 30 xD 1.4 57. 57. 597 776.
Conve 1.80 540 40 y 179.28
Market Customer 0 0.80 x 4 60 60 .60 88
nient Racks
s H
Public 1.80m
W
1.80m
Wet xD 1.4 57.
Invitin 40
Employee Racks 0.80 x 4 60
g,
Wet s, 30 H 76. 616 801.
Conve 1.80 540 1.80m 185.04
Market Customer 0 80 .80 84
nient
s W
Public
Cooler 1.20m 0.9 19.
20
s xD 6 20
0.80 x

133
 H
0.45m
Room
Dimen
Functi
Dry sions:
onal, Storag 48. 48. 48. 57. 74.1
Storag ------ 10 0.90 9 1 L 17.10
Privat e 00 00 00 00 0
e 8.00m
e
xW
6.00m
Room
Dimen
Functi
Wet sions:
onal, Storag 48. 48. 48. 57. 74.1
Storag ------ 10 0.90 9 1 L 17.10
Privat e 00 00 00 00 0
e 8.00m
e
xW
6.00m
Department Store
W
Inform Employee 1.80m
Cashier
al, s, Cashie xD 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.7 69.7
Space 2 0.90 1.8 1 1.13
Semip Customer r Desk 1.10m 8 8 8 8 5
(15)
rivate s xH
0.80m
W
Inform Employee 1.80m
Market al, s, 30 Market xD 1.4 72. 72. 612 795.
1.80 540 50 183.60
Space Semip Customer 0 Racks 0.80 x 4 00 00 .00 60
rivate s H
1.80m
W
Privat Employee 0.45m
Fitting
e, s, xD 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.0 18.2
Room 2 0.90 1.8 1 Chairs 0.60
Forma Customer 0.45m 0 0 0 0 0
(10)
l s xH
0.45m
0.60m
Inform Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.8
3
al, Employee ry x 7 1
Female
Hygie s, 0.21m 2.3 9.5 12.3
Restro 8 0.90 7.2 2.85
nic, Customer 0.50m 1 1 6
om
Privat s Water x 0.40 0.3 1.5
5
e Closet x 0 0
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.8
3
ry x 7 1
0.21m
Inform
0.50m
al, Employee
Male Water x 0.40 0.3 1.5
Hygie s, 5 2.9 10. 13.1
Restro 8 0.90 7.2 Closet x 0 0 3.03
nic, Customer 1 11 4
om 0.71m
Privat s
0.75m
e
x
0.2 0.6
3 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform
0.50m
al, Employee
Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
PWD Hygie s, 1 0.7 1.6
1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50 2.17
Toilet nic, Customer 7 7
0.71m
Privat s
0.75m
e
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m

134
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Privat Employee 0.54m
Custom with
e, s, xD 1.4 7.4 7.4 25. 33.0
er 10 1.80 18 5 chair 7.63
Forma Customer 0.58m 8 2 2 42 5
Service and
l s xH
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
Room
Dimen
Functi
sions:
Storag onal, Storag 48. 48. 48. 57. 74.1
------ 10 0.90 9 1 L 17.10
e Privat e 00 00 00 00 0
8.00m
e
xW
6.00m
Theater/Cinema
L
Semi Employee 1.85m
Ticket
Forma s, Ticket xW 4.4 8.8 8.8 12. 16.2
Booth 4 0.90 3.6 2 3.74
l, Customer Booth 2.4m x 4 8 8 48 2
& Lane
Public s H
2.10m
W
Inform Employee 2.00m
Kiosks al, s, Cashie xD 1.6 1.6 1.6 8.8 16.6
4 1.80 7.2 1 2.64
(2) Semip Customer r Desk 0.80m 0 0 0 0 4
rivate s xH
0.80m
L
Forma Employee 0.85m
Movie l, s, 30 30 Movie xW 0.4 122 122 662 861.
1.80 540 198.72
hall Privat Customer 0 0 Seats 0.48m 1 .40 .40 .40 12
e s xH
0.90m
0.60m
Inform Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
al, Employee ry x 7 7
Female
Hygie s, 0.21m 0.5 1.4
Restro 1 0.90 0.9 0.44 1.91
nic, Customer 0.50m 7 7
om
Privat s Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
1
e Closet x 0 0
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform
0.50m
al, Employee
Male Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Hygie s, 1 0.7 1.6
Restro 1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50 2.17
nic, Customer 7 7
om 0.71m
Privat s
0.75m
e
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m

135
 L
Operat 1.20m
ing xW 0.9 0.9
1
Machin 0.80m 6 6
Movie Functi e xH
Staffs/
Operati onal, 1.80m 1.9 19. 25.9
Employee 10 1.80 18 5.98
ng Privat L 2 92 0
s
room e 1.20m
Audio
xW 0.9 0.9
1 Syste
0.80m 6 6
m
xH
1.80m
Cyber Zone
W
1.80m
Cashie xD 1.9 1.9
1
r Desk 1.10m 8 8
Invitin
Rentabl Employee xH
g,
e s, 0.80m 3.5 21. 301.
Conve 10 1.80 18 6.47
Space Customer W 8 58 00
nient
(20) s 2.00m
Public Item
xD 1.6 1.6
1 Cabine
0.80m 0 0
ts
xH
2.10m
W
Inform Employee 2.00m
Kiosks al, s, Cashie xD 1.6 1.6 1.6 8.8 31.2
4 1.80 7.2 1 2.64
(5) Semip Customer r Desk 0.80m 0 0 0 0 0
rivate s xH
0.80m
Food Court
W
1.80m
Cashie xD 1.9 1.9
1
r Desk 1.10m 8 8
xH
0.80m
W
Invitin
Rentabl Employee 2.00m
g, Item
e s, xD 1.6 1.6 4.7 11. 205.
Conve 4 1.80 7.2 1 Cabine 3.57
Space Customer 0.80m 0 0 0 90 40
nient ts
(20) s xH
Public
2.10m
W
(4- 1.40m
seater) xD 1.1 1.1
1
Dining 0.80m 2 2
Table xH
0.75m
W
2.00m
Cashie xD 1.6 1.6
1
r Desk 0.80m 0 0
Inform Employee xH
Kiosks al, s, 0.80m 2.0 9.2 88.5
4 1.80 7.2 2.76
(10) Semip Customer W 1 1 0
rivate s 0.45m
xD 0.2 0.4
2 Chairs
0.45m 0 1
xH
0.45m
W
Employee (4- 1.40m
Invitin
Dining s, 10 seater) xD 1.1 28. 28. 208 270.
g, 1.80 180 25 62.40
Hall Customer 0 Dining 0.80m 2 00 00 .00 40
Public
s Table xH
0.75m

136
 0.60m
Inform Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.8
3
al, Employee ry x 7 1
Female
Hygie s, 0.21m 2.3 9.5 12.3
Restro 8 0.90 7.2 2.85
nic, Customer 0.50m 1 1 6
om
Privat s Water x 0.40 0.3 1.5
5
e Closet x 0 0
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.8
3
ry x 7 1
0.21m
Inform
0.50m
al, Employee
Male Water x 0.40 0.3 1.5
Hygie s, 5 2.9 10. 13.1
Restro 8 0.90 7.2 Closet x 0 0 3.03
nic, Customer 1 11 4
om 0.71m
Privat s
0.75m
e
x
0.2 0.6
3 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform
0.50m
al, Employee
Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
PWD Hygie s, 1 0.7 1.6
1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50 2.17
Toilet nic, Customer 7 7
0.71m
Privat s
0.75m
e
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
L
1.20m
Dishw
xD 0.7 2.1
3 ashing
0.60m 2 6
Racks
Functi xH
Dishwa Staffs/
onal, 1.80m 3.6 12. 16.3
shing Employee 10 0.90 9 3.78
Privat L 0 60 8
Room s
e 1.20m
Item
xD 0.7 1.4
2 Cabine
0.60m 2 4
ts
xH
1.80m
Building Maintenance room
W
Functi 1.36m
Staffs/ Shelter
Loadin onal, xD 1.0 5.2 5.2 12. 16.1
Employee 4 1.80 7.2 5 Cabine 3.73
g dock Privat 0.77m 5 4 4 44 7
s ts
e xH
1.80m
Storag
e
Room
Functi
Storag Dimen
onal, ---- ----- ---- 24. ----- ----- ----- 24.0
e ------ ------ ------ sions: ------
Privat -- - -- 00 - - - 0
Room L
e
6.00m
xW
4.00m
Room
Electri
Checker, Dimen
Functi cal
Electric Maintena sions:
onal, Lines 72. 79. 102.
al nce 4 1.80 7.2 1 L 48 48 23.76
Privat and 00 20 96
Room Personne 6.00m
e Machin
l xW
es
8.00m

137
 Room
Dimen
Electri sions:
1 cal L 24 24
Meters 6.00m
xW
4.00m
Mecha
nical 6.00m
Equip x
48. 48.
1 ment’s 8.00m
00 00
and x
Checker, Machin 4.00m
Functi e
Mecha Maintena
onal, 96. 103 134.
nical nce 4 1.80 7.2 Water 30.96
Privat Room 00 .20 16
Room Personne and
e Dimen
l Sanitar
sions:
y 48.
1 L 48
Pipes 00
6.00m
and
xW
Machin
es 8.00m
Room
Checker, Dimen
Functi
Genera Maintena sions:
onal, Gener 55. 71.7
tor nce 4 1.80 7.2 1 L 48 48 48 16.56
Privat ator 20 6
Room Personne 8.00m
e
l xW
6.00m
895
Total 8.91
Table 14 Commercial Building Architectural Programming

ADMINISTRATIVE AREA - COMMERCIAL

CIRCULATION
SPACE QUALITY FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
ALLOWANCE (C)

sqm/
NO NO
PERS
. TOT . CIRCUL A+
SPACE FUNC ON TOTAL A+
Users OF AL OF FURNITURE ATION B+
S TION OCCU B B
US A FU (30%) C
PANT
ER RN
LOAD

(3)
Single
Formal
Seater
,
Sofa:
Inviting
Employee L 0. 0. 0. 18. 24.0
Lobby , 10 1.80 18 1 Couch 5.56
s, Guests 0.70m 53 53 53 53 8
Conve
xD
nient,
0.75m
Public
xH
0.80m
Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Inviting
Waiting Employee seater) xD 0. 2. 2. 24. 31.8
, 12 1.80 21.6 3 7.35
lounge s, Guests Sofa 0.43m 97 90 90 50 5
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public
Formal L
Recepti , Front 2.00m
on / Inviting Receptioni desk xD 1. 1. 1. 8.4 10.9
4 1.80 7.2 1 2.52
Front , st/Staff Count 0.60m 20 20 20 0 2
Desk Conve er xH
nient, 1.10m

138
 Semi-
Private

W
Inform Employee 0.80m
Escalato al, s, ----- xD 2. --- --- ----
12 0.90 10.8 ------ ------ 2.80
r (4) Semipr Customer - 3.50m 80 --- --- --
ivate s xH
3.50m
Elevat
Inform or
Employee
al, Dimen
Elevator s, ----- 1. --- --- ----
Functi 8 0.90 7.20 ------ sion: ------ 1.44
(2) Customer - 4 --- --- --
onal, 1.20m
s
Private x
1.20m
Board of Director and Manager’s Office

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
General Formal with 0.54m
General 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Manage , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manager 48 48 48 8 9
r’s office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Assistan Table W
t Formal with 0.54m
Assistant 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Manage , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manager 48 48 48 8 9
rs’ Private and 0.58m
Office visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

139
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Operatio Table W
ns Formal with 0.54m
Employee 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Departm , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
s, Guests 48 48 48 8 9
ent Private and 0.58m
Office visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal
with 0.54m
Secretar , 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Secretary 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
y Area Semipr 48 48 48 8 9
and 0.58m
ivate
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Assistan Office Chair:
t Table W
Operatio Formal with 0.54m
Employee 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
ns , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
s, Guests 48 48 48 8 9
Departm Private and 0.58m
ent visitor xH
Office chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

140
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Building Table W
Administ Formal Administra with 0.54m
1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
ration , tion 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
48 48 48 8 9
Manage Private Manager and 0.58m
r Office visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Custom Table W
er Formal Customer with 0.54m
1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Relation , Relation 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
48 48 48 8 9
Manage Private Manager and 0.58m
r Office visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Departm
Formal Departme with 0.54m
ent 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, nt 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manage 48 48 48 8 9
Private Manager and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

141
 0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
ry x 27 27
0.21m
Inform
Male 0.50m
al, Water 0. 0.
Private Employee 1 x 0.40 0. 1.6
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 Closet 30 30 0.50 2.17
Restroo s, Guests x 77 7
ic,
m 0.71m
Private
0.75m
x
0. 0.
1 Urinal 0.40m
20 20
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
Inform ry x 27 27
Female
al, 0.21m
Private Employee 0. 1.4
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 0.44 1.91
Restroo s, Guests 57 7
ic, 0.50m
m Water 0. 0.
Private 1 x 0.40
Closet 30 30
x
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
ry x 27 27
0.21m
Inform
Employee 0.50m
al, Water 0. 0.
PWD s, 1 x 0.40 0. 1.6
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 Closet 30 30 0.50 2.17
Toilet Customer x 77 7
ic,
s 0.71m
Private
0.75m
x
0. 0.
1 Urinal 0.40m
20 20
x
0.73m
Marketing and Sales Division

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Marketin
Formal with 0.54m
g Marketing 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manage Manager 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
W
Marketin (4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
g seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Officers Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private s
Office ation xH
1.00m

142
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Marketin Table W
g and Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
1. 1. 1. 15. 20.6
Sales , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 1 chair xD 4.77
48 48 48 88 5
Director Private s and 0.58m
Office visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Assistan
Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
t 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Marketin 48 48 48 8 9
Private s and 0.58m
g Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Sales Formal with 0.54m
Sales 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Manage , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manager 48 48 48 8 9
r Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

143
 W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Office seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Spaces Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private s
ation xH
1.00m
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Sales seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Offices Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private s
ation xH
1.00m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal
with 0.54m
Clerk , 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Clerk 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Area Semipr 48 48 48 8 9
and 0.58m
ivate
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Leasing Formal with 0.54m
Marketing 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Director , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manager 48 48 48 8 9
Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

144
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Leasing Formal with 0.54m
Marketing 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Supervis , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manager 48 48 48 8 9
or Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal
Leasing Marketing seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Office Manager Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private
ation xH
1.00m
Accounting Department

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Accounti
Formal with 0.54m
ng Accountin 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Director g Director 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

145
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Assistan
Table W
t
Formal Assistant with 0.54m
Accounti 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Accountin 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
ng 48 48 48 8 9
Private g Director and 0.58m
Director
visitor xH
Office
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal
with 0.54m
Secretar , 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Secretary 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
y Area Semipr 48 48 48 8 9
and 0.58m
ivate
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal
with 0.54m
Clerk , 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Clerk 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Area Semipr 48 48 48 8 9
and 0.58m
ivate
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

146
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
Contro 0.72m
Formal Staffs/ ller xH
Controll 1. 2. 2. 10. 13.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 2 Table 0.76m 3.05
er Area 48 97 97 17 2
Private s with Chair:
chair W
0.54m
xD
0.58m
xH
0.80m
W
(4- 2.40m
Account Formal Staffs/
seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
ants , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Office Private s
ation xH
1.00m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Treasur
Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
y 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manage 48 48 48 8 9
Private s and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
Treasur 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
y Office 48 48 48 8 9
Private s and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
Human Resource Department

147
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
HR Formal with 0.54m
HR 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Director , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Director 48 48 48 8 9
Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Assistan
Formal Assistant with 0.54m
t HR 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, HR 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Director 48 48 48 8 9
Private Director and 0.58m
Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
HR
Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
Recruit 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
ment 48 48 48 8 9
Private s and 0.58m
Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

148
 W
Compen
(4- 2.40m
sation Formal Staffs/
seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
And , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Benefit Private s
ation xH
Office
1.00m
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Payroll seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Office Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private s
ation xH
1.00m
W
(4- 2.40m
Labor Formal Staffs/
seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
Relation , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Office Private s
ation xH
1.00m
W
Training
(4- 2.40m
And Formal Staffs/
seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
Develop , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
ment Private s
ation xH
Office
1.00m
Design and Engineering Department

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Chief Formal with 0.54m
Chief 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Enginee , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Engineer 48 48 48 8 9
r Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
Office 0.76m
Energy Table Chair:
Energy
Manage Formal with W
Manager 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
r , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 0.54m 2.61
Superviso 48 48 48 8 9
Supervis Private and xD
r
or Office visitor 0.58m
chair xH
0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m

149
 xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Administ Administra
Formal with 0.54m
rator tor 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Supervis Superviso 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
or Office r
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Electrica
Formal with 0.54m
l Electrical 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Enginee Engineer 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

150
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Mechani
Formal Mechanic with 0.54m
cal 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, al 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Enginee 48 48 48 8 9
Private Engineer and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Prevent Preventati
Table W
ative ve
Formal with 0.54m
Manage Managem 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
ment ent 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
Supervis Superviso
visitor xH
or Office r
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Mainten
Formal Staffs/ with 0.54m
ance 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Personn 48 48 48 8 9
Private s and 0.58m
el Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
ADMINISTRATIVE AREA - CONVENTION CENTER

151
 (3)
Single
Formal
Seater
,
Sofa:
Inviting
Employee L 0. 0. 0. 18. 24.0
Lobby , 10 1.80 18 1 Couch 5.56
s, Guests 0.70m 53 53 53 53 8
Conve
xD
nient,
0.75m
Public
xH
0.80m
Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Inviting
Waiting Employee seater) xD 0. 2. 2. 24. 31.8
, 12 1.80 21.6 3 7.35
lounge s, Guests Sofa 0.43m 97 90 90 50 5
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public
Formal
, L
Recepti Inviting Front 2.00m
on / , Receptioni desk xD 1. 1. 1. 8.4 10.9
4 1.80 7.2 1 2.52
Front Conve st/Staff Count 0.60m 20 20 20 0 2
Desk nient, er xH
Semi- 1.10m
Private
W
Inform Employee 0.80m
Escalato al, s, ----- xD 2. --- --- ----
12 0.90 10.8 ------ ------ 2.80
r (4) Semipr Customer - 3.50m 80 --- --- --
ivate s xH
3.50m
Elevat
Inform or
Employee
al, Dimen
Elevator s, ----- 1. --- --- ----
Functi 8 0.90 7.20 ------ sion: ------ 1.44
(2) Customer - 4 --- --- --
onal, 1.20m
s
Private x
1.20m
Offices

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Board
Formal with 0.54m
Of Board Of 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Director' Director 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
s Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

152
 Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Manage Formal with 0.54m
1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
r's , Manager 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
48 48 48 8 9
Office Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Accounti
Formal Accountin with 0.54m
ng 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
, g 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
Manage 48 48 48 8 9
Private Manager and 0.58m
r Office
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
W
(4- 2.40m
Accounti Formal Staffs/
seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
ng , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Office Private s
ation xH
1.00m
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Sales seater) xD 2. 5. 5. 20. 26.2
, Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 6.05
Office Workst 1.20m 88 76 76 16 1
Private s
ation xH
1.00m
Table:
W
1.20m
xD
Office 0.73m
Formal
Security Security/ Table xH 1. 4. 7. 14. 19.2
, 4 1.80 7.2 4 4.45
Office Staffs with 0.76m 19 76 64 84 9
Private
chair Chair:
W
0.54m
xD
0.58m

153
 xH
0.80m

W
(4- 2.40m
seater) xD 2. 2.
1
Gang 1.20m 88 88
chairs xH
1.00m

Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Formal with 0.54m
Employee 1. 1. 1. 8.6 11.2
Clinic , 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair xD 2.61
s, Guests 48 48 48 8 9
Private and 0.58m
visitor xH
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
L 2.40
Oval mxW
Type 1.20m
2. 2.
1 Confer xH
88 88
ence 0.75m
Table (8
Pax)
W
Confere Formal Staffs/ 0.54m
6. 20. 26.8
nce , Employee 8 1.80 14.4 Task xD 0. 2. 6.19
8 25 65 4
Room Private s Chairs 0.58m 31 51
xH
0.80m
W
1.20m
xD 0. 0.
1 Table
0.72m 86 86
xH
0.76m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
Inform ry x 27 27
Male
al, 0.21m
Private Employee 0. 1.6
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 0.50 2.17
Restroo s, Guests 77 7
ic, 0.50m
m Water 0. 0.
Private 1 x 0.40
Closet 30 30
x
0.71m

154
 0.75m
x
0. 0.
1 Urinal 0.40m
20 20
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
Inform ry x 27 27
Female
al, 0.21m
Private Employee 0. 1.4
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 0.44 1.91
Restroo s, Guests 57 7
ic, 0.50m
m Water 0. 0.
Private 1 x 0.40
Closet 30 30
x
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0. 0.
1
ry x 27 27
0.21m
Inform
Employee 0.50m
al, Water 0. 0.
PWD s, 1 x 0.40 0. 1.6
Hygien 1 0.90 0.9 Closet 30 30 0.50 2.17
Toilet Customer x 77 7
ic,
s 0.71m
Private
0.75m
x
0. 0.
1 Urinal 0.40m
20 20
x
0.73m
906.
Total 81
Table 15 Administrative Area Architectural Programming

OFFICE AREA
SPACE CIRCULATION
FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
QUALITY ALLOWANCE (C)

sqm/
NO NO
PERS
. TO . CIRCUL A+
SPACE FUNC ON TOTAL A+
Users OF TA OF FURNITURE ATION B+
S TION OCCU B B
US LA FU (30%) C
PANT
ER RN
LOAD

(3)
Formal Single
, Seater
Invitin Sofa: L
Employee 0.5 0.5 0.5 9.5 12.
Lobby g, 10 0.90 9 1 Couch 0.70m 2.86
s, Guests 3 3 3 3 38
Conve xD
nient, 0.75m
Public xH
0.80m
Formal
, L
Invitin Front 2.00m
Informa
g, Reception desk xD 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.8 6.2
tion 4 0.90 3.6 1 1.44
Conve ist/Staff Count 0.60m 0 0 0 0 4
Deck
nient, er xH
Semi- 1.10m
Private
Formal
, L
Invitin Front 2.00m
Recepti
g, Reception desk xD 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.8 6.2
on 4 0.90 3.6 1 1.44
Conve ist/Staff Count 0.60m 0 0 0 0 4
Desk
nient, er xH
Semi- 1.10m
Private

155
 Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Invitin
Waiting Employee 21. seater) xD 0.9 2.9 2.9 24. 31.
g, 12 1.80 3 7.35
lounge s, Guests 6 Sofa 0.43m 7 0 0 50 85
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public
L
Open
Front 2.00m
Space
Public, Reception desk xD 1.2 1.2 1.2 8.4 10.
& 4 1.80 7.2 1 2.52
Open ist/Staff Count 0.60m 0 0 0 0 92
Landsc
er xH
apes
1.10m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
Inform 1
Female ry x 7 7
al,
Private Employee 0.21m 0.5 1.4 1.9
Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 0.44
Restro s, Guests 0.50m 7 7 1
nic,
om Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Private 1
Closet x 0 0
0.71m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform 0.50m
Male
al, Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Private Employee 1 0.7 1.6 2.1
Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50
Restro s, Guests 7 7 7
nic, 0.71m
om
Private 0.75m
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform 0.50m
Employee
al, Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
PWD s, 1 0.7 1.6 2.1
Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50
Toilet Customer 7 7 7
nic, 0.71m
s
Private 0.75m
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
W
Inform Employee 0.80m
Escalat al, s, 10. ---- xD 2.8 ---- ---- ----- 2.8
12 0.90 ------ ------
or (4) Semip Customer 8 -- 3.50m 0 -- -- - 0
rivate s xH
3.50m
Elevat
Inform or
Employee
al, Dimen
Elevato s, 7.2 ---- ---- ---- ----- 1.4
Functi 8 0.90 ------ sion: 1.4 ------
r (2) Customer 0 -- -- -- - 4
onal, 1.20m
s
Private x
1.20m
Gathering Space
L 2.40
Oval mxW
Confer Formal Staffs/ Type 1.20m
21. 2.8 2.8 7.5 29. 37.
ence , Employee 12 1.80 1 Confer xH 8.73
6 8 8 0 10 83
Room Private s ence 0.75m
Table (8
Pax)

156
 W
0.54m
Task xD 0.3 3.7
12
Chairs 0.58m 1 6
xH
0.80m
W
1.20m
xD 0.8 0.8
1 Table
0.72m 6 6
xH
0.76m
L 2.40
Oval mxW
Type 1.20m
2.8 2.8
1 Confer xH
8 8
ence 0.75m
Table (8
Pax)
Meetin W
g Formal Staffs/ 0.54m
21. 7.5 29. 37.
Area/M , Employee 12 1.80 Task xD 0.3 3.7 8.73
6 12 0 10 83
eeting Private s Chairs 0.58m 1 6
Desk xH
0.80m
W
1.20m
xD 0.8 0.8
1 Table
0.72m 6 6
xH
0.76m
Cafeteria or Dining Hall
Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Invitin
Waiting Employee 21. seater) xD 0.9 2.9 2.9 24. 31.
g, 12 1.80 3 7.35
lounge s, Guests 6 Sofa 0.43m 7 0 0 50 85
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public
W
Employee (4- 1.40m
Invitin
Dining s, seater) xD 1.1 5.6 5.6 41. 54.
g, 20 1.80 36 5 12.48
Hall Customer Dining 0.80m 2 0 0 60 08
Public
s Table xH
0.75m
W
2.00m
Functi Staffs/ Item
xD 1.6 6.4 6.4 10. 13.
Pantry onal, Employee 4 0.90 3.6 4 Cabine 3.00
0.80m 0 0 0 00 00
Private s ts
xH
2.10m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
Inform 1
ry x 7 7
al,
Powder Employee 0.21m 0.5 1.4 1.9
Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 0.44
Room s, Guests 0.50m 7 7 1
nic,
Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Private 1
Closet x 0 0
0.71m
Physical Fitness Area
Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Invitin
Play Employee 14. seater) xD 0.9 1.9 1.9 16. 21.
g, 8 1.80 2 4.90
station s, Guests 4 Sofa 0.43m 7 4 4 34 24
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public

157
 Formal Room
, Dimen
Invitin Gym sions:
Employee 21. 96. 96. 96. 117 152
Gym g, 12 1.80 1 Equip L 35.28
s, Guests 6 00 00 00 .60 .88
Conve ment’s 12.00
nient, mxW
Public 8.00m
General Storage
Suppo
rting
Storag
e
Suppor
Functi Room
ting ---- ----- ---- 12. ---- ---- ----- 12.
onal, ------ ------ ------ Dimen ------
Storag -- - -- 00 -- -- - 00
Private sions:
e
L
4.00m
xW
3.00m
Equip
ment
Storag
e
Equipm
Functi Room
ent ---- ----- ---- 12. ---- ---- ----- 12.
onal, ------ ------ ------ Dimen ------
Storag -- - -- 00 -- -- - 00
Private sions:
e
L
4.00m
xW
3.00m
File
Storag
e
Room
Files Functi
---- ----- ---- Dimen 12. ---- ---- ----- 12.
Storag onal, ------ ------ ------ ------
-- - -- sions: 00 -- -- - 00
e Private
L
4.00m
xW
3.00m
Executive Office
Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
0.54m
Manag Formal with
xD 1.4 1.4 1.4 8.6 11.
er’s , Manager 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 2.61
0.58m 8 8 8 8 29
Office Private and
xH
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Staff 14. seater) xD 2.8 5.7 5.7 20. 26.
, Employee 8 1.80 2 6.05
Office 4 Workst 1.20m 8 6 6 16 21
Private s
ation xH
1.00m

158
 L 2.40
Oval mxW
Type 1.20m
2.8 2.8
1 Confer xH
8 8
ence 0.75m
Table (8
Pax)
W
Confer Formal Staffs/ 0.54m
21. 7.5 29. 37.
ence , Employee 12 1.80 Task xD 0.3 3.7 8.73
6 12 0 10 83
Room Private s Chairs 0.58m 1 6
xH
0.80m
W
1.20m
xD 0.8 0.8
1 Table
0.72m 6 6
xH
0.76m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform 0.50m
Employee
Private al, Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
s, 1 0.7 1.6 2.1
Restro Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50
Customer 7 7 7
om nic, 0.71m
s
Private 0.75m
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
Open Workstation
W
(4- 2.40m
Formal Staffs/
Office 14. seater) xD 2.8 5.7 5.7 20. 26.
, Employee 8 1.80 2 6.05
Room 4 Workst 1.20m 8 6 6 16 21
Private s
ation xH
1.00m
L 2.40
Oval mxW
Type 1.20m
2.8 2.8
1 Confer xH
8 8
ence 0.75m
Table (8
Pax)
W
Meetin Formal Staffs/ 0.54m
21. 7.5 29. 37.
g , Employee 12 1.80 Task xD 0.3 3.7 8.73
6 12 0 10 83
Room Private s Chairs 0.58m 1 6
xH
0.80m
W
1.20m
xD 0.8 0.8
1 Table
0.72m 6 6
xH
0.76m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
Inform 1
Employee ry x 7 7
Female al,
s, 0.21m 0.5 1.4 1.9
Restro Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 0.44
Customer 0.50m 7 7 1
om nic,
s Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Private 1
Closet x 0 0
0.71m
Inform Employee Lavato 0.60m 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.6 2.1
1 0.90 0.9 1 0.50
al, s, ry x 0.45 7 7 7 7 7

159
 Hygie Customer x
nic, s 0.21m
Private
0.50m
Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
Male 1
Closet x 0 0
Restro 0.71m
om 0.75m
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
0.60m
Lavato x 0.45 0.2 0.2
1
ry x 7 7
0.21m
Inform 0.50m
Employee
al, Water x 0.40 0.3 0.3
PWD s, 1 0.7 1.6 2.1
Hygie 1 0.90 0.9 Closet x 0 0 0.50
Toilet Customer 7 7 7
nic, 0.71m
s
Private 0.75m
x
0.2 0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m
0 0
x
0.73m
Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
xH
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
0.54m
Operat Formal with
xD 1.4 1.4 1.4 8.6 11.
or , Manager 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 2.61
0.58m 8 8 8 8 29
Office Private and
xH
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m
xD
0.52m
xH
0.80m
Formal
L
,
(4- 2.25m
Invitin
Social Employee 21. seater) xD 0.9 2.9 2.9 24. 31.
g, 12 1.80 3 7.35
lounge s, Guests 6 Sofa 0.43m 7 0 0 50 85
Conve
Set xH
nient,
0.80m
Public
Table:
W
1.20m
xD
0.72m
Printer, Office xH
Functi Staffs/
Copier Table 0.76m 1.6 3.2 3.2 10. 13.
onal, Employee 4 1.80 7.2 2 3.12
& Fax with Chair: 0 0 0 40 52
Private s
Room chair W
0.54m
xD
0.58m
xH
0.80m

160
 W
2.00m
Functi Item
Supply 14. xD 1.6 3.2 3.2 17. 22.
onal, ------ 8 1.80 2 Cabine 5.28
Room 4 0.80m 0 0 0 60 88
Private ts
xH
2.10m
692
Total .09
Table 16 Office Area Architectural Programming

CONVENTION CENTER
CIRCULATION
SPACE QUALITY FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
ALLOWANCE (C)

sqm/
NO NO
PERS
. TO . CIRCU A+
FUNC ON A+
SPACES Users OF TA OF FURNITURE TOTAL B LATIO B+
TION OCCU B
US LA FU N (30%) C
PANT
ER RN
LOAD

(3)
Single
Seater
Sofa:
Pre – Public Employe 0.
30 L 42. 42. 582. 756.
Function , es, 1.80 540 80 Couch 5 174.60
0 0.70m 00 00 00 60
Hall Open Guests 3
xD
0.75m
xH
0.80m
(3)
Form Single
al, Seater
Invitin Sofa:
Employe 0.
g, 30 L 42. 42. 582. 756.
Lobby es, 1.80 540 80 Couch 5 174.60
Conv 0 0.70m 00 00 00 60
Guests 3
enient xD
, 0.75m
Public xH
0.80m
Form
al,
Invitin L
Registration g, Front 2.00m
1.
/Costumer Conv Receptio desk xD 12. 12. 48.0 62.4
20 1.80 36 10 2 14.40
Service enient nist/Staff Count 0.60m 00 00 0 0
0
Desk , er xH
Semi- 1.10m
Privat
e
Form
al, L
Invitin (4- 2.25m
Employe 0.
Waiting g, 20 seater xD 48. 48. 408. 530.
es, 1.80 360 50 9 122.51
lounge Conv 0 ) Sofa 0.43m 38 38 38 89
Guests 7
enient Set xH
, 0.80m
Public
Form
al, (4- L
Invitin seater 1.40m
Employe 1.
Cafe g, 20 ) xW 56. 56. 416. 540.
es, 1.80 360 50 1 124.80
lounge Conv 0 Coffee 0.80m 00 00 00 80
Guests 2
enient Table xH
, Set 0.75m
Public

161
 Form
al, L
Invitin (4- 1.40m
Employe 1.
Green g, 20 seater xW 56. 56. 416. 540.
es, 1.80 360 50 1 124.80
Room Conv 0 ) Sofa 0.80m 00 00 00 80
Guests 2
enient Set xH
, 0.75m
Public
Small:
W
0.20m
xD
0.20m
x H
0.60m
Mediu
m: W
Privat Displa
Employe 0.25m 0. 16
Exhibition e, 50 20 y 38. 106 137
es, 1.80 900 x D 1 0.9 318.27
Halls Form 0 0 Table 5 0.90 9.17
Guests 0.25m 9 0
al s
xH
0.75m
Large:
W
0.30m
x D
0.30m
x H
0.90m
L
Privat 0.85m
Employe 0. 12 12
e, 30 30 xW 662. 861.
Auditorium es, 1.80 540 Seats 4 2.4 2.4 198.72
Form 0 0 0.48m 40 12
Guests 1 0 0
al xH
0.90m
(4-
W
seater
Privat 1.40m
Employe ) 1.
e, 30 xD 84. 84. 624. 811.
Ballroom es, 1.80 540 75 Dining 1 187.20
Form 0 0.80m 00 00 00 20
Guests Table 2
al xH
Circul
0.75m
ar
L
Privat 0.85m
Employe 0. 12 12
e, 30 30 xW 662. 861.
Theatre es, 1.80 540 Seats 4 2.4 2.4 198.72
Form 0 0 0.48m 40 12
Guests 1 0 0
al xH
0.90m
(4-
W
seater
Privat 1.40m
Employe ) 1.
e, 30 xD 84. 84. 624. 811.
Banquet es, 1.80 540 75 Dining 1 187.20
Form 0 0.80m 00 00 00 20
Guests Table 2
al xH
Circul
ar 0.75m
W
0.45m
0.
xD 3.0
15 Chairs 2
0.45m 4
0
Privat xH
Dressing Employe
e, 0.45m 6.2 24.2 96.2
Room es, 20 0.90 18 7.27
Form W 4 4 0
(Female) Guests
al 2.00m
Item 1.
xD 3.2
2 Cabin 6
0.80m 0
ets 0
xH
2.10m

162
 W
0.45m
0.
xD 3.0
15 Chairs 2
0.45m 4
0
Privat xH
Dressing Employe
e, 0.45m 6.2 24.2 96.2
Room es, 20 0.90 18 7.27
Form W 4 4 0
(Male) Guests
al 2.00m
Item 1.
xD 3.2
2 Cabin 6
0.80m 0
ets 0
xH
2.10m

Table:
W
1.20m
Office xD
Table 0.72m
Form
Staffs/ with xH 1.
Production al, 17. 17. 44.6 58.0
Employe 15 1.80 27 15 chair 0.76m 1 13.40
Office Privat 66 66 6 6
es and Chair: 8
e
visitor W
chair 0.54m
xD
0.58m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
Office xD
Stage Table 0.72m
Form
Stage Manager with xH 1.
al, 4.7 4.7 22.7 29.5
Manager’s / Staffs/ 10 1.80 18 4 chair 0.76m 1 6.81
Privat 1 1 1 2
Office Employe and Chair: 8
e
es visitor W
chair 0.54m
xD
0.58m
xH
0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m
Office xD
Supervis Table 0.72m
Form
Front Desk or / with xH 1.
al, 4.7 4.7 22.7 29.5
Supervisor Staffs/ 10 1.80 18 4 chair 0.76m 1 6.81
Privat 1 1 1 2
Office Employe and Chair: 8
e
es visitor W
chair 0.54m
xD
0.58m
xH
0.80m
W
1.80m
Telec 1.
xD 5.7
4 om 4
0.80 x 6
Racks 4
Form H
Telecommu Staffs/ 1.80m
al, 7.1 14.3 18.6
nication Employe 4 1.80 7.2 4.30
Privat W 2 2 2
Room es
e 0.85m
Item 0.
xD 1.3
4 Cabin 3
0.40 x 6
ets 4
H
1.85m

163
 Storag
e
Room
Functi 2
Dimen
Storage onal, ---- ----- ---- 4. ---- ---- ----- 24.0
------ ------ ------ sions: ------
Room Privat -- - -- 0 -- -- - 0
L
e 0
6.00m
xW
4.00m
0.60m
0.
Lavat x 0.45 0.2
1 2
ory x 7
7
0.21m
Inform
al, Employe 0.50m 0.
Water 0.3
Private Hygie es, 1 x 0.40 3 0.7
1 0.90 0.9 Closet 0 1.67 0.50 2.17
Toilet nic, Custome x 0 7
Privat rs 0.71m
e 0.75m
x 0.
0.2
1 Urinal 0.40m 2
0
x 0
0.73m
Building Maintenance room
W
Functi Shelte 1.36m
Staffs/ 1.
Loading onal, r xD 5.2 5.2 12.4 16.1
Employe 4 1.80 7.2 5 0 3.73
dock Privat Cabin 0.77m 4 4 4 7
es 5
e ets xH
1.80m
Storag
e
Room
Functi
Dimen
Storage onal, ---- ----- ---- 2 ---- ---- ----- 24.0
------ ------ ------ sions: ------
Room Privat -- - -- 4 -- -- - 0
L
e
6.00m
xW
4.00m
Room
Electri
Dimen
cal
sions:
Lines 4
1 L 48
and 8
6.00m
Checker, Machi
Functi xW
Maintena nes
Electrical onal, 8.00m 72. 79.2 102.
nce 4 1.80 7.2 23.76
Room Privat Room 00 0 96
Personn
e Dimen
el Electri
sions:
cal 2
1 L 24
Meter 4
6.00m
s
xW
4.00m
Mech
anical 6.00m
Equip x
4
1 ment’s 8.00m 48
8
and x
Checker, Machi 4.00m
Functi
Maintena ne
Mechanical onal, 96. 103. 134.
nce 4 1.80 7.2 Water 30.96
Room Privat Room 00 20 16
Personn and
e Dimen
el Sanita
sions:
ry 4
1 L 48
Pipes 8
6.00m
and
xW
Machi
8.00m
nes

164
 Room
Checker, Dimen
Functi
Maintena sions:
Generator onal, Gener 4 55.2 71.7
nce 4 1.80 7.2 1 L 48 48 16.56
Room Privat ator 8 0 6
Personn 8.00m
e
el xW
6.00m
896
Total 4.30
Table 17 Convention Center Architectural Programming

CONDOTEL BUILDING
CIRCULATION
SPACE QUALITY FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
ALLOWANCE (C)
sqm/
NO
NO. PERS
TOT . CIRCUL
FUNC OF ON A+B
SPACES Users AL OF FURNITURE TOTAL B A+B ATION
TION USE OCCU +C
A FU (30%)
R PANT
RN
LOAD
(3)
Forma Single
l, Seater
Invitin Sofa: L 1.
Employee 18.9 18. 288. 375.
Lobby g, 150 1.80 270 15 Couch 0.70m x 2 86.67
s, Guests 0 90 90 57
Convi D 6
nient, 1.80m x
Public H
0.80m
L
5.00m x
D
Forma Frontd 0.80m x
4.
Information l, Receptioni esk H 4.0 11.2 14.5
4 1.80 7.2 1 0 4.00 3.36
Desk Semip st/Staff Count 1.10m 0 0 6
0
rivate er With (1)
mobile
pedesta
l steel
L
5.00m x
D
Frontd 0.80m x
Public 4.
Reception Employee esk H 4.0 11.2 14.5
, 4 1.80 7.2 1 0 4.00 3.36
Desk s, Guests Count 1.10m 0 0 6
Open 0
er With (1)
mobile
pedesta
l steel
Forma
L
l,
(4- 2.25m x
Invitin 0.
Waiting Employee seater D 6.7 60.7 79.0
g, 30 1.80 54 7 9 6.77 18.23
lounge s, Guests ) Sofa 0.43m x 7 7 0
Convi 7
Set H
nient,
0.80m
Public
L
(4- 2.25m x
0.
seater D
6 9 5.81
) Sofa 0.43m x
7
Set H
Open Space Public
Employee 0.80m 8.6 98.6 128.
& , 50 1.80 90 29.61
s, Guests L 9 9 29
Landscapes Open (4-
0.80m x
seater 0.
D
6 ) 4 2.88
0.60m x
Coffee 8
H
Table
0.80m
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Female Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 2 0.27
ory
Male Hygie Employee 0.21m 7 0.7
1 0.90 0.9 1.67 0.50 2.17
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.50m 0. 7
Water
Privat 1 x 0.40 x 3 0.30
Closet
e 0.71m 0
165
 0.75m x 0.
1 Urinal 0.40m x 2 0.20
0.73m 0
0.60m x 0.
Lavat
1 0.45 x 2 0.27
Inform ory
0.21m 7
al, 0.50m 0.
Hygie Employee Water 0.7
PWD Toilet 1 0.90 0.9 1 x 0.40 x 3 0.30 1.67 0.50 2.17
nic, s, Guests Closet 7
0.71m 0
Privat
0.75m x 0.
e
1 Urinal 0.40m x 2 0.20
0.73m 0
Luggag
Functi e Room
Luggage onal, ----- Dimens 7. -----
------ 5 1.80 9.00 ------ ------ ------ ------ 7.5
Room Organ - ion: 5 -
ized 2.5m x
3.00m
Inform Elevato
al, r
Employee
Service Functi Dimens -----
s, 8 0.90 7.20 1 ------ 3 ------ ------ ------ 3
Elevator onal, ion: -
Customers
Privat 1.50m x
e 2.00m
Inform Elevato
al, r
Employee 2.
Functi Dimens -----
Elevator s, 8 0.90 7.20 3 ------ 0 ------ ------ ------ 6.12
onal, ion: -
Customers 4
Privat 1.20m x
e 1.70m
Amenities
W
1.80m x
Cashi 1.
D
4 er 9 7.92
1.10m x
Desk 8
H
0.80m
W
Invitin
2.00m x
g, Item 1.
Employee D 70. 340. 442.
Restaurant Conve 150 1.80 270 4 Cabin 6 6.40 102.10
s, Guests 0.80m x 32 32 42
nient ets 0
H
Public
2.10m
W
(4-
1.40m x
seater 1.
D 56.0
50 ) 1
0.80m x 0
Dining 2
H
Table
0.75m
L
0.61m x 0.
Range
W 3
10 with 3.05
0.50m x 0
Oven
H 5
0.90m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
20 Cabin 7 14.8
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
L
0.
Forma 0.79m x
3
Restaurant l, Employee 72.0 W 3.71 95. 167. 218.
40 1.80 10 Sink 7 50.3409
Kitchen Privat s, Staffs 0 0.47m x 3 803 803 1439
1
e H
3
0.20m
L
0.80m x
0.
Refrig W 13.4
24 5
erator 0.70m x 4
6
H
1.60m
L
1.40m x
Cooki 1.
W
6 ng 1 6.72
0.80m x
Island 2
H
0.75m

166
 L
1.20m x
0.
W
10 Carts 9 9.60
0.80m x
6
H
0.75m
L
1.40m x
1.
Freez W
8 1 8.96
ers 0.80m x
2
H
0.75m
W
Food
1.85m x
Storag 0.
D
12 e 7 8.88
0.40m x
Cabin 4
H
ets
2.45m
Cold W
Tray 1.85m x
0.
Storag D
12 7 8.88
e 0.40m x
4
Cabin H
ets 2.45m
W
Dry
1.85m x
Storag 0.
D
12 e 7 8.88
0.40m x
Cabin 4
H
ets
2.45m
W
Cold
1.85m x
Storag 0.
D
12 e 7 8.88
0.40m x
Cabin 4
H
ets
2.45m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
0.54m x
with 1.
D
1 chair 4 1.48
0.58m x
and 8
H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
Forma
0.59m x
l, 4.7 11.9 15.5
Chef's Office Chef 4 1.80 7.2 D 3.59
Privat 0.52m x 7 7 7
e H
0.80m
(3)
Single
Seater
Sofa: L 1.
1 Couch 0.70m x 4 1.44
D 4
1.80m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x 0.
Item
D 9
2 Cabin 1.85
0.40m x 2
ets
H 5
2.45m
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Female Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Male Employee Lavat 0.8
al, 1 0.90 0.9 1 0.45 x 3 0.36 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom s, Guests ory 1
Hygie 0.21m 6

167
 nic, 0.75m 0.
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Forma
(4- L
l,
seater 1.40m x
Invitin 1.
Employee ) W 14.5 14. 158. 206.
Café g, 80 1.80 144 13 1 47.57
s, Guests Coffee 0.80m x 6 56 56 13
Convi 2
Table H
nient,
Set 0.75m
Public
(4-
seater
1.2 1.
) 60.0
Forma 50 Diamet 2
Dining 0
l, er 0
Table
Invitin
Grand Dining Employee Set 66. 300. 390.
g, 130 1.80 234 90.22
Hall s, Guests (6- L 72 72 94
Convi
seater 1.40m x
nient, 1.
) W
Public 6 1 6.72
Dining 0.80m x
2
Table H
Set 0.75m
Forma
L
l,
(4- 2.25m x
Invitin 0.
Employee seater D 11.6 11. 101. 132.
Lounge g, 50 1.80 90 12 9 30.48
s, Guests ) Sofa 0.43m x 1 61 61 09
Convi 7
Set H
nient,
0.80m
Public
Inform Swimmi
1
al, ng Pool
2
Swimming Hygie Employee ----- Dimens ----- 123.
50 1.80 90 ------ 1. ------ ------ ------
Pool nic, s, Guests - ion: - 00
5
Privat 4.50m x
0
e 27.00m
Forma
Beauty
l, 1
Salon
Invitin 3
Employee ----- Dimens ----- 130.
Beauty Salon g, 30 1.80 54 ------ 0. ------ ------ ------
s, Guests - ion:6.50 - 00
Convi 0
mx
nient, 0
20.00m
Public
Forma
Barber
l,
Shop 8
Invitin
Employee ----- Dimens 0. ----- 80.0
Barber Shops g, 15 1.80 27 ------ ------ ------ ------
s, Guests - ion: 0 - 0
Convi
10.00m 0
nient,
x 8.00m
Public
Forma Spa
l, Room 1
Invitin Dimens 4
Employee ----- ----- 140.
Spa rooms g, 20 1.80 36 ------ ion: 0. ------ ------ ------
s, Guests - - 00
Convi 9.30.00 0
nient, mx 0
Public 15.00m
Gym
Forma
Dimens
l, 4
ion:
Invitin 5
Employee ----- 22.00m ----- 458.
Gym g, 100 1.80 180 ------ 8. ------ ------ ------
s, Guests - x - 00
Convi 0
19.00m
nient, 0
10.00m
Public
x 9.30m
Forma
Gym
l, 5
Dimens
Invitin 2
Sports Employee ----- ion: ----- 528.
g, 100 1.80 180 ------ 8. ------ ------ ------
Facility s, Guests - 22.00m - 00
Convi 0
x
nient, 0
24.00m
Public
Managers Department

168
 Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
with 1.
Manager's l, Executive D 1.4 20.0
4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Office Privat Director 0.58m x 8 0
and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Assistant with 1.
l, Executive D 1.4 11.2
Manager's 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Privat Director 0.58m x 8 9
Office and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
2.50m x
D
0.80m x
Forma H
Meeti 2.
Conference l, Executive 0.75m 2.3 23.9 31.0
12 1.80 21.6 1 ng 3 2.31 7.17
Room Privat Director Chair: 1 1 8
Table 1
e W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
L
(4- 2.25m x
0.
seater D
2 9 1.94
) Sofa 0.43m x
7
Set H
0.80m
W
2.00m x
1.
D
4 Pantry 6 6.40
0.80m x
0
Forma H
Dining and l, Employee 2.10m 11. 29.7 38.6
10 1.80 18 8.91
Lounge Privat s, Guests W 70 0 0
(4-
e 1.40m x
seater 1.
D
2 ) 1 2.24
0.80m x
Dining 2
H
Table
0.75m
L
1.40m x
Cooki 1.
W
1 ng 1 1.12
0.80m x
Island 2
H
0.75m

169
 L
Frontd 2.50m x
Public 3.
Reception Employee esk D 3.0 13.8 17.9
, 6 1.80 10.8 1 0 3.00 4.14
Desk s, Guests Count 1.20m x 0 0 4
Open 0
er H
1.10m
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Female Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Male Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Administrative Department
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Executive with 1.
l, Executive D 1.4 15.0
Director 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Privat Director 0.58m x 8 0
Office and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Assistant Forma 0.54m x
Assistant with 1.
Executive l, D 1.4 11.2
Executive 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Director Privat 0.58m x 8 9
Director and 8
Office e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Office Chair:
Table W
Bookkeeping Forma
Assistant with 0.54m x 1.
and l, 1.4 13.0
Executive 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair D 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Reservation Privat 8 0
Director and 0.58m x 8
Office e
visitor H
chair 0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
170
 0.80m

Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Assistant with 1.
Travel and l, D 1.4 13.0
Executive 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Tours Office Privat 0.58m x 8 0
Director and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
with 1.
Secretary l, D 1.4
Secretary 4 0.90 3.6 1 chair 4 1.48 5.08 1.53 6.61
Area Privat 0.58m x 8
and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
with 1.
l, D 1.4
Clerk Area Clerk 4 0.90 3.6 1 chair 4 1.48 5.08 1.53 6.61
Semip 0.58m x 8
and 8
rivate H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

171
 Table:
W
2.50m x
D
0.80m x
Forma H
Meeti 2.
Meeting l, Executive 0.75m 2.3 23.9 31.0
12 1.80 21.6 1 ng 3 2.31 7.17
Room Privat Director Chair: 1 1 8
Table 1
e W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Female Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Male Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Finance and Budget Department
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Finance And Forma Finance 0.54m x
with 1.
Budget l, And D 1.4 15.0
4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Director Privat Budget 0.58m x 8 0
and 8
Office e Director H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
W
(4-
Forma 2.40m x
Finance And Staffs/ seater 2.
l, D 5.7 20.1 26.2
Budget Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 ) 8 5.76 6.05
Privat 1.20m x 6 6 1
Personels s Works 8
e H
tation
1.00m
Human Resource Department
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Human Forma Finance 0.54m x
with 1.
Resource l, And D 1.4 15.0
4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Director Privat Budget 0.58m x 8 0
and 8
Office e Director H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

172
 Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Assistant Table
Forma 0.54m x
Human Assistant with 1.
l, D 1.4 11.2
Resource Executive 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Privat 0.58m x 8 9
Director Director and 8
e H
Office visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Human Forma 0.54m x
Staffs/ with 1.
Resource l, D 5.9 13.1 17.0
Employee 4 1.80 7.2 4 chair 4 5.94 3.94
Recruitment Privat 0.58m x 4 4 8
s and 8
Office e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
W
(4-
Forma 2.40m x
Staffs/ seater 2.
Records l, D 5.7 20.1 26.2
Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 ) 8 5.76 6.05
Office Privat 1.20m x 6 6 1
s Works 8
e H
tation
1.00m
Property Development Office
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Planning with 1.
l, Planning D 1.4 11.2
Manger 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.61
Privat Manager 0.58m x 8 9
Office and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

173
 Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Planning with 1.
l, Planning D 5.9 13.1 17.0
Supervisor 4 1.80 7.2 4 chair 4 5.94 3.94
Privat Supervisor 0.58m x 4 4 8
Office and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Planning Planning with 1.
l, D 5.9 13.1 17.0
Technician Technician 4 1.80 7.2 4 chair 4 5.94 3.94
Privat 0.58m x 4 4 8
Office s and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
W
(4-
Forma 2.40m x
Staffs/ seater 2.
Property l, D 5.7 20.1 26.2
Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 ) 8 5.76 6.05
Officer Office Privat 1.20m x 6 6 1
s Works 8
e H
tation
1.00m
W
(4-
Forma 2.40m x
Staffs/ seater 2.
Utility Men l, D 5.7 20.1 26.2
Employee 8 1.80 14.4 2 ) 8 5.76 6.05
Office Privat 1.20m x 6 6 1
s Works 8
e H
tation
1.00m
Food and Beverage Department
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Food and Forma 0.54m x
Staffs/ with 1.
Beverage l, D 2.9 10.1 13.2
Employee 4 1.80 7.2 2 chair 4 2.97 3.05
Director Privat 0.58m x 7 7 2
s and 8
Office e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

174
 Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Assistant Table
Forma 0.54m x
Food and Staffs/ with 1.
l, D 2.9 10.1 13.2
Beverage Employee 4 1.80 7.2 2 chair 4 2.97 3.05
Privat 0.58m x 7 7 2
Director s and 8
e H
Office visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Grand Dining Staffs/ with 1.
l, D 2.9 10.1 13.2
Hall Manager Employee 4 1.80 7.2 2 chair 4 2.97 3.05
Privat 0.58m x 7 7 2
Office s and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
L
Forma (4- 2.25m x
Staffs/ 0.
Waiters l, seater D 2.9 24.5 31.8
Employee 12 1.80 21.6 3 9 2.90 7.35
Room Privat ) Sofa 0.43m x 0 0 5
s 7
e Set H
0.80m
Housekeeping Department and Security
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Forma 0.54m x
Executive Executive with 1.
l, D 1.4 15.0
Housekeeper Housekee 4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.60
Privat 0.58m x 8 0
Office per and 8
e H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

175
 Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
0.76m
Chair:
Office
W
Table
Assistant Forma Assistant 0.54m x
with 1.
Executive l, Executive D 1.4 11.2
4 1.80 7.2 1 chair 4 1.48 8.68 2.60
Housekeeper Privat Housekee 0.58m x 8 8
and 8
Office e per H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
L
(4- 2.25m x
0.
seater D
3 9 2.90
) Sofa 0.43m x
7
Set H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7 1.48
0.40m x
ets 4
H
Forma 2.45m
Security Staffs/
l, Table: 9.0 23.4 30.5
Officers Employee 8 1.80 14.4 7.05
Privat W 9 9 4
Room s
e 1.20m x
D
0.72m x
Office H
1.
Table 0.76m 4.70
4 1
with Chair: 88
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
Service Area
W
Forma 2.00m x
Staffs/ 1.
Staff Locker l, Locke D 3.2 21.2 27.5
Employee 10 1.80 18 2 6 3.20 6.36
Room Privat r 0.80m x 0 0 6
s 0
e H
2.10m
W
Forma 1.90m x
Male's Staffs/ 1.
l, Bunk D 10.2 10. 31.8 41.4
Quarter Employee 12 1.80 21.6 6 7 9.56
Privat Bed 0.90m x 6 26 6 2
Room s 1
e H
1.60m
W
Forma 1.90m x
Female's Staffs/ 1.
l, Bunk D 10.2 10. 31.8 41.4
Quarter Employee 12 1.80 21.6 6 7 9.56
Privat Bed 0.90m x 6 26 6 2
Room s 1
e H
1.60m
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Female Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Inform 0.60m x 0.
Lavat
al, 1 0.45 x 3 0.36
ory
Male Hygie Employee 0.21m 6 0.8
1 0.90 0.9 1.71 0.51 2.22
Restroom nic, s, Guests 0.75m 0. 1
Water
Privat 1 x 0.50 x 4 0.45
Closet
e 0.75m 5
Forma W
Housekeepin Staffs/ Item 0.
l, 1.85m x 2.9 13.7 17.8
g Storage Employee 6 1.80 10.8 2 Cabin 7 1.48 4.13
Privat D 6 6 9
Room s ets 4
e 0.40m x

176
 H
2.45m

W
Forma 1.85m x
Staffs/ Item 0.
Uniform l, D 2.9 13.7 17.8
Employee 6 1.80 10.8 2 Cabin 7 1.48 4.13
Room Privat 0.40m x 6 6 9
s ets 4
e H
2.45m
W
Forma 1.85m x
Staffs/ Item 0.
Changing l, D 5.9 16.7 21.7
Employee 6 1.80 10.8 2 Cabin 7 1.48 5.02
Room Privat 0.40m x 3 3 5
s ets 4
e H
2.45m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
0.72m x
H
Forma 0.76m
Housekeepin Staffs/
l, Chair: 4.44 4.4 11.6 15.1
g Control Employee 4 1.80 7.2 Office 3.49
Privat W 8 5 5 4
Room s Table
e 0.54m x
with 1.
D
1 chair 4
0.58m x
and 8
H
visitor
0.80m
chair
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
D
0.52m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
Forma 1.20m x
Staffs/
l, D 3.83 3.8 11.0 14.3
Sorting Room Employee 4 1.80 7.2 3.31
Privat 0.72m x 44 3 3 4
s
e Office H
1.
Table 0.76m
2 1
with Chair:
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
Forma 1.20m x
Staffs/
Folding Press l, D 3.83 3.8 11.0 14.3
Employee 4 1.80 7.2 3.31
Room Privat 0.72m x 44 3 3 4
s
e Office H
1.
Table 0.76m
2 1
with Chair:
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
177
 W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
Forma 1.20m x
Staffs/
l, D 3.83 3.8 11.0 14.3
Linen Room Employee 4 1.80 7.2 3.31
Privat 0.72m x 44 3 3 4
s
e Office H
1.
Table 0.76m
2 1
with Chair:
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
Forma 1.20m x
Staffs/
Upholstery l, D 3.83 3.8 11.0 14.3
Employee 4 1.80 7.2 3.31
Room Privat 0.72m x 44 3 3 4
s
e Office H
1.
Table 0.76m
2 1
with Chair:
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
Forma 1.20m x
Staffs/
l, D 3.83 3.8 11.0 14.3
Tailor Room Employee 4 1.80 7.2 3.31
Privat 0.72m x 44 3 3 4
s
e Office H
1.
Table 0.76m
2 1
with Chair:
8
chair W
0.54m x
D
0.58m x
H
0.80m
W
1.85m x
Item 0.
D
2 Cabin 7
0.40m x
ets 4
H
2.45m
Table:
W
1.20m x
D
Forma 0.72m x
Lost and l, Employee H 4.44 4.4 15.2 19.8
6 1.80 10.8 Office 4.57
Found Room Privat s, Guests 0.76m 8 5 5 2
Table
e Chair:
with 1.
W
1 chair 4
0.54m x
and 8
D
visitor
0.58m x
chair
H
0.80m
Visitor
Chair:
W
0.59m x
178
 D
0.52m x
H
0.80m

W
Forma Washi 0.60m x
Staffs/ 0.
Laundry l, ng L 2.8 13.6 17.7
Employee 6 1.80 10.8 6 4 2.88 4.10
Room Privat Machi 0.80m x 8 8 8
s 8
e ne H
0.80m
Building Maintenance room
W
Functi Shelte 1.36m x
Staffs/ 1.
onal, r D 5.2 12.4 16.1
Loading dock Employee 4 1.80 7.2 5 0 5.24 3.73
Privat Cabin 0.77m x 4 4 7
s 5
e ets H
1.80m
W
Forma Garba 0.60m x
0.
Garbage l, ge L 4.3 15.1 19.6
------ 6 1.80 10.8 6 7 4.32 4.54
Room Privat Contai 1.20m x 2 2 6
2
e ners H
1.20m
Storage
Room
Functi 2
Dimens
Storage onal, ----- 4. ----- 24.0
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ions: L ------ ------ ------
Room Privat - 0 - 0
6.00m x
e 0
W
4.00m
Electri Room
cal Dimens
Lines ions: L 4
1 48
and 6.00m x 8
Functi Checker, Machi W
Electrical onal, Maintenan nes 8.00m 72. 79.2 102.
4 1.80 7.2 23.76
Room Privat ce Room 00 0 96
e Personnel Electri Dimens
cal ions: L 2
1 24
Meter 6.00m x 4
s W
4.00m
Mech
anical
4
Equip 6.00m x
8. 48.0
1 ments 8.00m x
0 0
and 4.00m
0
Machi
Functi Checker,
ne
Mechanical onal, Maintenan 96. 103. 134.
4 1.80 7.2 Water 30.96
Room Privat ce 00 20 16
and Room
e Personnel
Sanita Dimens
ry ions: L 4 48.0
1
Pipes 6.00m x 8 0
and W
Machi 8.00m
nes
Room
Functi Checker, Dimens
Generator onal, Maintenan Gener ions: L 4 55.2 71.7
4 1.80 7.2 1 48 48 16.56
Room Privat ce ator 8.00m x 8 0 6
e Personnel W
6.00m
4359
Sub Total
.55

179
 Table 18 Condotel Building Architectural Programming

CONDOTEL BUILDING CONDOMINIUM UNITS

AREA TOTAL
SPACES FUNCTION Users QUANTITY
(sqm) AREA
Formal, Functional, Unfurnished,
Studio Type
equipped with semi furnished Homeowner 80 30 2,400
Unit
condo unit needs
Formal, Functional, Unfurnished,
Loft Type
equipped with semi furnished Homeowner 80 35 2,800
Unit
condo unit needs
Formal, Functional, Unfurnished,
1 Bedroom
equipped with semi furnished Homeowner 70 40 2,800
Unit condo unit needs
Formal, Functional, Unfurnished,
2 Bedroom
equipped with semi furnished Homeowner 60 45 2,700
Unit
condo unit needs
Formal, Functional, Unfurnished,
3 Bedroom
equipped with semi furnished Homeowner 50 50 2,500
Unit
condo unit needs
Formal, Functional, Fully
Penthouse Furnished, equipped with Fully Homeowner 1 100 100
furnished condo unit needs
Total 13,300

CONDOTEL BUILDING HOTEL ROOMS

AREA TOTAL
SPACES FUNCTION Users QUANTITY (sqm) AREA
Formal, Functional, Open planning, One
Single Size Bed Area, Sofa and Table,
Deluxe
Balcony, Toilet Facilities, Centralized Guests 60 30 1,800
Queen
AC, Security and Fire suppression
facilities
Formal, Functional, Open planning, One
King Size Bed Area, Sofa and Table,
Deluxe
Balcony, Toilet Facilities, Centralized Guests 60 30 1,800
King
AC, Security and Fire suppression
facilities
Formal, Functional, Open planning, Two
Single Size Bed Area, Sofa and Table,
Single
Balcony, Toilet Facilities, Centralized Guests 108 30 3,240
Twin
AC, Security and Fire suppression
facilities
Formal, Functional, Open planning, Two
Queen Size Bed Area, Sofa and Table,
Superior
Balcony, Toilet Facilities, Centralized Guests 108 30 3,240
Twin
AC, Security and Fire suppression
facilities
Formal, Functional, Open planning, One
Queen Size Bed Bedroom, One King
Suite Size Bed Bedroom, Sofa and Table,
Guests 76 60 4,560
Balcony, Toilet Facilities, Centralized
AC, Security
and Fire suppression facilities

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 Formal, Functional, Open planning, One
Single Bed Bedroom, One Queen Size
Presidential Bed Bedroom, One King Size Bed
Guests 36 12 4,392
Suite Bedroom, Sofa and Table, Balcony,
2
Toilet Facilities, Centralized AC, Security
and Fire suppression facilities
Total 19,032

RECREATIONAL PARK
CIRCULATION
SPACE QUALITY FOR USER (A) FOR FURNITURE (B)
ALLOWANCE (C)

NO. sqm/ NO.

SPACE FUNCTI OF PERSON TOT OF A+ CIRCULATI A+B+
Users FURNITURE TOTAL B
S ON USE OCCUPA AL A FUR B ON (30%) C
R NT LOAD N

Employe
Open Public, ---- ---- ---- ---- 900.0
es, 500 1.80 900 ------ ------ ------ ------
Space Open -- -- -- -- 0
Guests
Outdoor
Garden Employe
Public, ---- ---- ---- ---- 471.12
Park es, 100 1.80 900 ------ ------ ------ ------
Open -- -- -- --
Guests
Employe 471.12
Open Public, ---- ---- ---- ----
es, 100 1.80 900 ------ ------ ------ ------
Park Open -- -- -- --
Guests
(2)
Singl
e
Seat
er
Sofa:
Guard Staffs/ L
Formal, Couc 0.5 1.0 2.7 6.3
House Employe 4 0.90 3.6 2 0.70 1.90 200.43
Private h 3 5 3 3
(9) es mx
D
0.75
mx
H
0.80
m

L
0.80
mx
Item D
0. 0.9
2 Cabin 0.60
48 6
et mx
H
0.45
m
L
1.20
mx
D
0.7 0.7
1 Table 0.60
2 2
mx
H
0.45
m
2741.
Total 15

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Name Of Space User Qualitative No. of Parking Slots No. of Total
Analysis Users Number of
Parking
Slots
PARKING AREA
Parking for Employees, Open, 1 car parking slot per 25 1,876.00 75 slots
Commercial Staffs, Public users
Complex Guests
Parking for Employees, Open, 1 car parking slot per 15 3,035.00 203 slots
Convention Staffs, Public users
Center Guests 1 bus parking for every 1200 6 slots
200 spectators spectators
Parking for Employees, Open, 1 car parking slot for 600 150 slots
Condotel Staffs, Public every 4 hotel rooms
Guests 2 tourist bus parking 1 2 slots
slots for each hotel
1 loading slot for 1 1 slot
articulated truck or
vehicle
1 pooled parking slot for 601 601 slots
every 1 unit
Parking for Employees, Open, 1 car parking slot for 906.81 sq.m 20 slots
Administrative Staffs, Public every 70 sq.m
Area Guests
Parking for Office Employees, Open, 1 car parking slot for 692.09 sq.m 15 slots
Area Staffs, Public every 70 sq.m
Guests
Parking for PWD Employees, Open, 20+(1 for each 100 or a 1,073 / 100 31 slots
Staffs, Public fraction thereof over + 20
Guests 1000)
TOTAL 1,104 slots
Table 22 P arking Area Architectural Programm

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4.3 Graphical and Spatial Programming

The researcher provides the graphical representations in this section using

a matrix and connection diagram. It will be better to distinguish and identify the
proximity and connectivity of places owing to these graphical representations.

4.3.1 General Matrix Diagram

Figure 62.0 General Matrix Diagram

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 4.3.2 Specific Spatial Elements

Commercial Building

Figure 63.0 Commercial Building Matrix Diagram

181
 Figure 64.0 Commercial Building Lobby Matrix Diagram

Figure 65.0 Commercial Building Rentable Space Matrix Diagram

182
 Figure 66.0 Commercial Building Supermarket Matrix Diagram

Figure 67.0 Commercial Building Department Store Matrix Diagram

183
Administrative Building

Figure 68.0 Board of Director and Managers Office Matrix Diagram

Figure 69.0 Marketing and Sales Division Matrix Diagram

184
 Figure 70.0 Accounting Department Matrix Diagram

Figure 71.0 Human Resource Department Matrix Diagram

185
 Figure 72.0 Design and Engineering Department Matrix Diagram

Figure 73.0 Convention Center Administrative Department Matrix Diagram

186
Office Area

Figure 74.0 Office Area Matrix Diagram

187
Convention Center

Figure 75.0 Convention Center Matrix Diagram

188
Condotel Building

Figure 76.0 Condotel Lobby Matrix Diagram

Figure 77.0 Condotel Administrative Department Matrix Diagram

189
 Figure 78.0 Condotel Finance and HR Department Matrix Diagram

Figure 79.0 Condotel Property Development Department Matrix Diagram

190
 Figure 80.0 Condotel Food and Beverage Department Matrix Diagram

Figure 81.0 Condotel Housekeeping and Security Department Matrix Diagram

191
 Figure 82.0 Condotel Amenities Matrix Diagram

Figure 83.0 Condotel Maintenance and Service Area Matrix Diagram

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 CHAPTER V

Building and Site concept

5.1 Structural System

Since the region's higher elevation and soft soil, such as Tagaytay City, the
project's capacity to withstand or resist lateral stresses imposed by winds and possibly
earthquakes are the most important factor to consider while building it.

Commonly used structures are classified into five broad types based on the type
of primary stress that may occur in the parts of the structure under considerable design
loads. To meet the functional demands of the structure, any two or more of the
fundamental structural types mentioned below may be combined in a single construction,
such as a building or a bridge.

Figure 84.0 Tensile Structures

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/887462/tensile-structures-how-do-they-work-and-
what-are-the-different-types

Tensile Structures – tensile structural members are subjected to pure tension when
subjected to external stresses. As tensile stress is consistently distributed over the cross-
sectional area of members in such a construction, the material is used most efficiently.

Figure 85.0 Compressive Structures

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141029618343128

193
 Compressive structures – under the operation of axial loads, compression
structures create primarily compressive stresses. Since compressive constructions are
prone to buckling or instability, the potential of such a failure should be included into their
designs, and appropriate bracing should be supplied to avoid such failures.

Figure 86.0 Trusses

Source: https://houseplans.co/articles/how-roof-trusses-work-with-house-plans/

Trusses – composed of straight members connected at their ends by hinged

connections to form a stable configuration. Because of their light weight and high strength,
make this structure the most used type of structure.

Figure 87.0 Shear Structures

Source: https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/shear-walls-structural-forms-
positioning/6235/

Shear Structures – are multi-story buildings that employ structures such as

reinforced concrete or timber shear walls to prevent lateral movement caused by wind
loads and seismic excitations. Under the operation of external loads, shear structures
arise mostly in plane shear with very minor bending stresses.

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 Figure 88.0 Bending Structures

Source: http://www.architecturalgeometry.org/aag18/workshop-1-bending-active-
gridshells-from-concept-design-to-prototype/

Bending Structures – develop mainly bending stresses under the action of external
loads. The shear stresses associated with the changes in bending moments may also be
significant should be considered in their designs.

Figure 89.0 Pile Foundations

Source: http://www.understandconstruction.com/pile-foundations.html

Pile Foundations

Pile foundations is a long cylinder of a strong material, such as concrete, that is

driven into the ground to serve as a strong foundation for structures built on top of it.

Pile foundations are used in the following situations:

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 1. When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support the
wight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be
transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer.
2. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high-rise
structure bridge, or water tank.

There are two fundamental types of pile foundations (based on the structural
behavior), each of which works in its own way.

Figure 90.0 AAC Blocks

Source: https://www.filbuild.com/b2b/lightstrong/

AAC Blocks Light Strong is an Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) block that is
manufactured in Cebu, Philippines. It is an industrially produced lightweight building
material made from all-natural fine ingredients. It is a homogenous concrete solid block
and weighs approximately one-third of the weight of conventional concrete. Light Strong
is a cost-effective wall system as experienced and validated by users from both the public
and private sectors. It contributes greatly to the reduction of the construction duration as
the installation of Light Strong blocks is faster than conventional concrete wall systems.
Furthermore, it reduces the cost of the foundation and other structural members due to
its lightweight property. Buildings constructed with Light Strong Blocks are safe as its wall

196
has a fire rating of more than four (4) hours and is earthquake resilient. Its excellent
thermal efficiency also reduces energy costs. Plus, this product is eco-friendly, too.

Figure 91.0 Wooden Diagrid System

Source: https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/diagrid-structural-system/13731/

The advantages of using diagrid in structure construction greatly improved the

aesthetic view of the building. When compared to the brace frame structure, the usage of
diagrid saves up to 20% on steel. Because construction technique is simple, no technical
labor is required. Furthermore, the diagrid makes the best possible use of the structural

197
material. When glass is combined with the diagrid, it enables for an amount of light to
enter the structure. These structures have a mostly column-less exterior and interior, are
free and clear, and can accommodate innovative floor plans.

Figure 92.0 Long Span Beam System

Source: http://www.sirjjarchitecture.org/exhibitions/archives/10-2017

Spans of up to 20 meters are possible. For this study, a long span is defined as
anything longer than 12 meters. Long spans, in general, result in flexible, column-free
internal areas, lower substructure costs, and shorter steel erection periods. Due to their
numerous advantages, they are typically found in a wide variety of building types. The
specific benefits and drawbacks of each solution are summarized here so that a designer
can analyze the benefits supplied by a particular solution to the project's drivers and
identify the most appropriate and cost-effective solution.

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 Figure 93.0 ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene)

Source: https://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-etfe-market-to-
shows-huge-growth-over-forecast-period-2022-2028-leading-players-daikin-industries-
ltd-e-i-du-pont-de-nemours-and-company

Unlike glass, ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene) film is extremely durable, highly

transparent, and lightweight. ETFE is widely considered as the material of choice for
conventional skylight applications on long span structures and building facades. When it
comes to building a structure that stands out, few construction materials can match
ETFE's impact or presence.

Extrusion of raw granulate results in sheets known as foil or film with a density of
1.012 oz. per cubic inch. ETFE is one of the lightest and most transparent cladding
materials available. Due to the film's low coefficient of friction, dust and grime will not
adhere to it. Due to the film's UV transparency, it will not discolor or deteriorate structurally
with time. ETFE is also recyclable.

ETFE may be applied in a single or two-layer configuration. To preserve form and

stability in single-layered films, wire cables, light weight steel, or aluminum are used to

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support the film. ETFE film includes a pneumatic system to retain air between two or three
layers of film connected in aluminum extrusions and supported by a lightweight framework
to create inflated cushions in a double or triple layered application. These cushions are
filled with low-pressure air, which acts as a thermal insulator and provides structural
integrity in the event of wind or snow loads. Small cables may be utilized for strengthening
if necessary. ETFE cushions may vary in width from 5 to 15 feet and in length up to 200
feet under normal loading conditions

The following are the benefits of ETFE:

• Exceptional Light Transmission – ETFE films can be very translucent

(from 90% to 95%), allowing UVs to flow through and promote
photosynthesis, hence boosting plant development.
• Solar Control/Shading – To improve solar performance, ETFE film
systems can include a variety of frit designs on one or more layers. Various
standard or unique pattern are printed on the foil. Colors may be provided
in a variety of methods, such as during the film extrusion process, which
provides a constant tint in many tones ranging from red to violet, or by
adding lights with numerous color possibilities.
• Elasticity – While ETFE films are very elastic (up to 600% at breaking
point), they are still structurally resistant. The tensile strength at the limit of
elasticity/plasticity is 21-23 N/mm² but tensile strength to breaking point is
52/Nmm². For structural calculation, a limit of 15 N/mm² is conservatively
usually taken.
• Long Lasting/Longevity – Under exposure to environmental pollution, UV
light, harsh chemicals, or extreme temperature variations, ETFE does not
degrade.
• Acoustics – ETFE film has approximately 70% acoustic transmission.
• Sustainable/Energy Efficient – In comparison to other similar cladding
materials, less energy will be consumed from processing to transport to site,
minimizing the overall carbon footprint. Furthermore, the product's nature

200
 improves building physics through insulation and daylighting, contributing
to the building's overall low energy aspect.
• Cost Effective – Due to the lightweight nature of ETFE, substructure
support systems and concrete foundations can be designed more
efficiently. ETFE systems also provide ample natural daylighting, thus
minimizing energy costs by lowering the demand for indoor lighting.
• Recyclable – Easily recyclable, waste from the manufacturing process or
even old ETFE elements can be remolded into new ETFE products such as
tubing components, wires, or castings.

Figure 94.0 Triple Pendulum Base Isolator

Source: https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_0275.pdf

When compared to standard seismic isolation technology, the Triple Pendulum

isolator offers superior seismic performance, reduced isolator pricing, and lower
construction costs. The Triple PendulumTM isolator's inner pendulum is constructed of
an inner slider that moves across two concave spherical surfaces. The features of the

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inner pendulum are usually designed to restrict peak accelerations acting on the
isolated structure and its contents, to decrease the participation of higher structural
modes, and to lower structure shear forces experienced during service level
earthquakes.

Figure 95.0 Modern Louvers

Source: https://antonialoweinteriors.com/the-albion-brewery-louvre-louver

Louvers are rarely seen as primary architectural characteristics in modern

architecture, but rather as a technical approach. Indoor daylighting may be improved
using modern louver systems. Fixed mirrored louver systems can minimize glare and
redirect diffuse light. These louvers can be fitted between two panes of double glazing.
Louvers are frequently observed in industrial settings such as steel foundries and power
plants. They are utilized to offer natural airflow and temperature regulation. In terms of
infrastructure

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5.2 Electrical System

Figure 96.0 Power Floor Tiles

Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/10/27/movie-mini-living-pavegen-flooring-
system-power-future-smart-cities-video/

When stepped on, the tiles cause electromagnetic induction generators to move
setting off a rotary motion that in turn generates power. According to the company, one
footstep is enough to generate the amount of off-grid energy needed to light a LED
lightbulb for approximately 20 seconds.

The tiles also have a wireless API sensor, which transmits data about movement
behavior in areas where Pavegen is installed. This can help to create an idea of peak
times for foot traffic in an area, predict consumer trends, and create heat maps of popular
urban spaces.

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 Figure 97.0 Photovoltaic System

Source: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_system

PV systems (photovoltaic systems) are a type of renewable energy technology that

convert solar energy into electricity using photovoltaics. Photovoltaics, solar panels, often
known as solar panels, are a reliable source of green energy.

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a low-maintenance, sustainable way to

contribute to a cleaner environment, since they produce no pollution or emissions and
provide many benefits.

Photovoltaic systems use photovoltaic cells to collect solar energy from the sun
and convert it to direct current power. The reflection of sunlight on photovoltaic devices
produces an electric field, causing electricity to flow. The direct current energy will be
converted to alternating current via an inverter. This is the type of energy utilized to power
your facility's electric equipment, commonly known as the AC load.

5.3 Plumbing System

The Tagaytay City Water District serves the barangays in the city that have water
systems (TCWD). The TCWD gets its water from three main springs in the city. It has
constructed waterworks facilities in each of these springs, which comprise a spring intake
structure, pump station, transmission line, distribution reservoir, distribution lines, and
appurtenances. An efficient plumbing system is intended to conserve energy and save

204
water. Short runs between plumbing fixtures and the use of high-quality plumbing
materials are major elements of a successful plumbing design.

Direct Water Supply System

Direct Water Supply System consumes less energy.

Figure 98.0 Hydro-pneumatic Pump

Source: https://www.aquagroup.in/hydropneumatic-pumping-system/

Instead of an overhead storage tank, the researcher uses a hydro-pneumatic

pumping system and a ground level storage tank. Pressure sensors are put in various
places of a building's plumbing to ensure that there is continuous water pressure
everywhere. When a sensor detects low pressure, a pump next to the ground level
storage tank begins and pushes the water up to the needed level. It retains the same
pressure constantly.

Rainwater Harvester System

205
 The rainwater harvester system is another significant part to the project. The goal
is to collect a big amount of rainwater and store it in a storage tank or other artificial water
features using certain harvesting equipment.

5.4 Sanitary System

Figure 99.0 EcoPure Tech Modular Portable STP

Source: http://ecopuretechinc.com/ecopuretechinc.com/product6/index.html

EcoPure Tech Modular Portable STP Proven and tested Wasted Water Treatment
Systems have been successfully installed and are currently used in well-known
companies in South Korea. The system has higher effluent standards than the required
Philippines Effluent Standard The system uses a biological agent (from nature based on
enzyme engineering), which is microprobe, for the wastewater treatment throughout the
process making it more environment friendly. Uses an LED UV-C Lighting system to kill
the germs of the discharge. Therefore, its electric consumption and voltage are lower with
longer lifetime reliability. The system’s by-product (sludge) can be used for farming as a
bio-fertilizer and is a good substitute for chemical fertilizers. The size of the system can
be customized accordingly depending on the sizes and needs of the industry. Can be
installed in various ways depending on site conditions (ground or underground). Steel
package or concrete can be manufactured and installed. It can be used by different
industries such as hospitals, hotels, restaurants, poultry farming, etc.). Design and
construction can be done in any topography or shape. Can be operated by Solar System

206
Power and applied with designed electricity. The whole sewage treatment process is
simple and treated in a single tank (aeration, sedimentation, discharge) thus,
maintenance cost is low with a simple process and possible remote operation. Days
Reduction of secondary pollution and maintenance cost by minimizing sludge generation.
Maintain a high F/M Ratio in Omni-Flow Partition Preventing sludge bulking by inhibiting
the growth of molds. Simple mixing equipment can improve denitrification efficiency.

Figure 100.0 Rainwater and Greywater Installation

Source: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-94643-2_5

Rainwater is water that has been collected from roofs or other man-made surfaces
above ground. Stormwater is water collected from above-ground or below-ground
surfaces. Condensate from cooling towers or air conditioners is sometimes collected
alongside rainfall or stormwater.

The development will feature a single recycling system that includes all the
components necessary for effective rainwater collection and stormwater management.

207
Rainwater systems may be simply integrated with greywater or blackwater systems to
provide a full water recycling system. One control panel and one vendor provide a unified
integrated solution to satisfy water-saving targets.

5.5 Mechanical System

Figure 101.0 Energy-Saving Elevator

Source: https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/energy-efficient-elevator-
technologies

Elevator equipment that has surpassed the end of its useful life, both morally and
physically, is frequently replaced by energy-saving elevators. The building of energy-
efficient elevators does not require the use of cabin guides, counterweights, or fixing
components. It allows for up to 30% savings on equipment production and delivery
expenses. Energy-saving escalators utilize software and microprocessor-based controls
instead of electromechanical relays. It also has in-cab sensors and software that enter an
idle or sleep mode when the cab is empty, turning off lights, ventilation, music, and video
screens; destination dispatch control software that batches elevator stop requests,

208
resulting in fewer stops and shorter wait times; and personalized elevator calls that work
in conjunction with destination dispatch controls.

These energy-efficient escalators may save a significant amount of electricity,

making the building more energy-efficient.

Figure 102.0 Variable Air Volume System VAV

Source: https://www.hpac.com/iaq-ventilation/article/20928506/specifications-for-
highefficiency-vav-systems

In a CAV (Constant Air Volume) system, VAV boxes perform the same role as duct
heaters. Rather than reheating air to match the demands of each zone, airflow is
controlled while keeping a constant temperature. VAV systems are an excellent solution
for multi-zone applications with an increasing demand, such as a hotel, a modular retail
shop with an arts and culture gallery, or an administrative building.

209
 Figure 103.0 Constant Air Volume System CAV

Source: https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/differences-between-constant-and-variable-
air-volume-systems

As the name indicates, CAV (Constant Air Volume) systems maintain a continuous
airflow, and the required interior conditions are achieved by changing the air supply
temperature. If the building requires higher cooling output on a hot summer day, the CAV
(Constant Air Volume) system delivers colder air. In chilled water systems, the cooling
effect depends on the cold-water flow delivered to the fan coil unit. In turn, the water flow
controller operates based on the thermostat settings. CAV (Constant Air Volume)
systems are better suited for single-zone applications where the load experiences little
change like the spaces in the proposed convention center in the project.

210
5.6 Fire Protection System

All systems, equipment and installations shall pass and conform by the Fire Code
of the Philippines. All the Fire equipment will be applied and incorporated into the design
consideration. The use of fire resistive materials for construction will be determined to
avoid the radical spread of fire. Equipment for fire protection purposes is to be in different
areas of the site such as fire alarm system, sprinkler system, extinguishers, and exit and
emergency lighting.

Figure 104.0 The Advanced Multi-Criteria Fire/CO Detector

Source: https://buildings.honeywell.com/us/en/products/by-category/fire-life-
safety/sensors-and-detectors/intelligent-detectors/multi-criteria-multi-sensor-detectors

Multi-criteria devices, like as modern intelligent spot detectors, use multiple

sensors to detect a wider range of fires with more precision. The Advanced Multicriteria
Fire/CO Detector is a multi-sensor device that combines multi-criteria fire detection with
life safety carbon monoxide (CO) detection in a single device. The entire development
will be equipped with multisensory detectors.

211
 Figure 105.0 Fire Paging & Deaf Alert

Source: https://www.firesafetysearch.com/lifeline-deaf-alert/

It is intended to handle the radio paging requirements of fire systems rapidly and
efficiently. It, like other modern panels, is designed to provide more while being simple to
install and use. Lifeline may be operated from any single standard or addressable panel,
as well as across a large addressable network, and is easily incorporated through an
ESPA card (for detailed fire paging) or a simple relay connection (for hearing impaired
alerts). It employs a variable power, 2W transmitter that optimizes power utilization while
providing exact coverage, even over complex buildings, and facilities.

Convention Center Sprinkler System

According to Property Risk Consulting Guidelines for Convention Center Sprinkler

System, most convention center exhibits increase the facility's hazards. Exhibits should
be thoroughly assessed to see whether they constitute a risk and whether temporary fire
protection is required. For protection, detection and/or a fixed extinguishing system may
be employed. Looping mains with a minimum diameter of 10 in should be installed. (250
mm) surrounding the conference center, supplied by a reliable water supply. It's probable

212
that a backup water supply will be required. Install a wet pipe sprinkler protection system
throughout the convention center, support spaces, and storage sections. Install a dry pipe

system in all loading docks, as well as indoor or enclosed parking spaces.

Figure 106.0 Automatic Fire Sprinklers

Source: https://renegadefire.com/services/fire-sprinkler-systems/

In an automatic sprinkler system, a sprinkler head will spray water into the room if
sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to shatter. Sprinkler heads operate
individually. The basic components of a fire sprinkler system are the sprinklers, piping
and a reliable water source. Systems also can include control valves, manifolds, backflow
protections, alarms, drain and test connections, and fire hose connections. This will be
used in the Hotel, Admin Building and Commercial Areas.

Emergency Exit system

A special emergency exit, such as a fire exit in a facility with normal and special
entrances for communal use, should allow for speedier evacuation. However. It also
provides an option if the normal departure path is obstructed by fire, etc.

Fire exit doors - A side-hinged, swinging door from a room to an exit or a means
of exit access is required. With exit travel, it will swing.

213
Smart Smoke Detectors

Smart smoke detectors work in the same way as typical smoke detectors, emitting
an alarm when smoke or fire is detected and providing as much warning as possible to
allow for a safe exit.

Consider smart smoke alarms to be Wi-Fi equipped smoke detectors to

understand how they work. When an alert is triggered, the smart smoke detectors connect
to your smartphone's app through Wi-Fi or another type of wireless connection.

Figure 107.0 Sodium Bicarbonate Fire Extinguisher

Source: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/sodium-bicarbonate-fire-extinguisher-
13354462588.html

There are several kinds of fire extinguishers. The offices, coffee shop, commercial
shops, and hotel in this project will all employ a compact, disposable sodium bicarbonate
dry chemical unit. It will be easily accessible within the buildings. The first dry chemical
agent discovered was sodium bicarbonate, which was employed on class B and C fires.
When heated, it emits a cloud of carbon dioxide that suffocates the fire. In other words,
the gas pulls oxygen away from the fire, preventing the chemical process. This agent is
often ineffective on class A flames since the agent is exhausted and the gas cloud

214
evaporates fast, and if the fuel is still sufficiently hot, the fire restarts. Solid fires, unlike
liquid and gas flames, store a lot of heat in their fuel source. Sodium bicarbonate was
widely used in commercial kitchens prior to the introduction of wet chemical agents, but
it is now out of favor since it is less effective than wet chemical agents in class K fires,
less effective than Purple-K in class B flames, and ineffective in class A fires.

5.7 Security System

Remote Security Management

The project will be pandemic-ready thanks to remote security management.

Switching to a cloud and mobile-based security solution simplifies and secures site
administration by eliminating the need for regional servers or on-site workers. When it
comes to virus generating security updates, a system that can be controlled remotely
provides greater control and flexibility. For secure and simple security management from
any place, Open Path's cloud-managed access control system, for example, has the
following features:

Remote Unlock - Any access point may be remotely opened from anywhere,
which means you don't have to be on-site for unanticipated scenarios like office deliveries
or temporary employee entrances. Authorized users can access this optional function
through a mobile device or the Control Center.

Real time alerts - Get informed of each access occurrence, including potential
security problems like a door left ajar or pushed open, for further comfort in knowing that
your facility is safe when you aren't there.

Cyber Security & Identity Theft Protection

The technique of securing computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems,

networks, and data against hostile cyberattacks is known as cyber security. It is often
referred to as information technology security or electronic data security. "While most
conference participants are from out of town, their danger of being a victim of identity theft
grows, as does their risk of having personally identifiable information (PII) compromised,"
Schaffer says.

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 The association managers are encouraged to:

• Provide free, secure Wi-Fi to prevent participants from connecting to potentially

unsafe free networks. As hackers have been known to create attractive network
names, make it obvious which network is the secure one provided by the
hosting firm. Recommend attendees isolate IoT (Internet of Things) devices to
protected, known networks.
• Encourage guests to share their information only with individuals they desire
as a business relationship and to provide as little as possible.
• Inform participants of the increasing potential of identity theft when traveling
and provide them with the following suggestions for minimizing that risk while
on the road.
• As an extra bonus, consider providing identity protection to your organization
members. It's an excellent method to establish loyalty by displaying your
attention to members and to set yourself apart from other organizations.

Hotel analytics

They assist in determining when equipment is operating inefficiently and wasting

energy, allowing you to minimize and prolong equipment life.

CCTV (CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION)

CCTV (closed-circuit television) is a type of television system in which signals are

checked for monitoring and security rather than broadcast publicly. CCTV is based on the
strategic placement of cameras and the monitoring of camera input on monitors placed
strategically. Since the cameras connect with displays and/or video recorders through
private coaxial cable lines or wireless communication links, they are referred to as
"closed-circuit" cameras, emphasizing that access to their information is controlled to
those who can view it by design.

Previously, CCTV systems relied on small, low-resolution black-and-white

monitors with no interaction. Modern CCTV monitors can have color, high-resolution
displays that can zoom in on a picture or track things (or someone). An overseer can talk
with anybody within hearing distance of the camera's attached speakers using Talk

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CCTV. CCTV is commonly used for a variety of purposes, including perimeter security in
medium- to high-security areas and installations, monitoring potentially dangerous
locations for humans, and obtaining a visual record of activities in situations where proper
security or access controls are required, particularly in public areas.

Security Guards

Patrols the site, monitoring surveillance equipment, checking buildings,

equipment, and access points, and authorizing admission. Obtains assistance by
activating alarms. Prevents losses and damage by reporting irregularities, notifying policy
and procedure violators, and restraining trespassers.

5.8 Communication and Electronic System

The transmission, receiving, and processing of information between two or more

sites using electrical circuits is known as electronic communications. The transmitter,
communications channel or medium, receiver, and noise are the necessary aspects of an
electronic communications system. Communication systems include a wide variety of
communications, information processing, and signaling systems that are used to connect
individuals or convey information.

Electrical Closets - Within the structure, electrical closets must be arranged vertically.
Closets must be constructed to provide enough wall space and clearances for present
and future needs.

Communications Closets - Communications closets must be arranged vertically within

the structure. Closets must be sized to include enough floor space for frames, racks, and
working clearances for both present and future needs.

Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) - A centralized control unit and
dispersed sensors or devices are used in systems. A cable connects each sensor to a
port on the centralized control unit. The connection may also supply electricity to the
sensor from the central unit.

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 Figure 108.0 Structured Cabling

Source: https://www.taylored.com/blog/structured-cabling-basics-benefits/

The design and installation of a system of cables, wires, and other hardware that
connects the infrastructure of your company's communication systems including phones,
cameras, computers, and data centers is known as structured cabling. Tangled cables
and disorganized cabling systems are frequently the source of connectivity failures,
resulting in network problems. A structured cabling system will make troubleshooting
easier, allowing you to rapidly detect and resolve issues while minimizing disturbances to
the rest of the system.

The Condotel will be equipped with top communication technology trends.

Figure 109.0 Condominium and Hotel Mobile Key

Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/24/travel/hotel-security-mobile-keys.html

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 Using mobile keyless access, a guest may use their smartphone as a hotel key or
condominium key. Given the multiple benefits of mobile keys over traditional plastic
keycards, the researcher thinks that their use is essential. The possibility for hotels and
condominium to increase security while minimizing workload on the front desk and
removing the price of disposable plastic keycards makes the option to become "keyless"
a reasonable one.

Figure 110.0 Touchless Biometric

Source: https://zkteco.eu/news-center/news/zktecos-touchless-biometrics-body-
temperature-detection

Security and face recognition gadgets that allow not just palm and facial
identification, but also mask detection and body temperature measurement. Eliminate
hygiene problems in the workplace with contactless identification technology and
additional features. Touchless Biometric with Body Temperature Detection System will
be installed throughout the development.

5.9 Environmental System

Understanding embedded energy, active and passive heating and cooling, indoor
air quality, solar orientation, daylighting and artificial illumination, and acoustics, as well
as the use of suitable performance measurement techniques.

Passive Sustainable Design - Passive approaches, such as considering sun

direction and climate when sitting and being sensitive to window design and operation,
are used to effectively manage daylighting and natural ventilation and go a long way

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toward reducing energy demands for the structure. Thermal mass techniques can be
used to absorb sun energy in specified areas. In such cases, thick walls absorb heat from
the sun during the day and allow it to enter the structure at night.

The walls are slanted. Light can enter deeper within a smaller structure, and by
sloping the walls, we were able to maximize the amount of window surface area.
Connections to nature Native trees and plants bind people to nature and the environment.

Thermal mass refers to the amount of heat that thick walls accumulate throughout
the day and release during the colder evenings. This shields the interior environment from
the extreme temperature variations that occur outside.

Figure 111.0 Thermal Mass

Source: https://www.pcigulfsouth.org/blog/2021/2/21/precast-concrete-and-thermal-
mass

Sun-shading System

External sun shading is one of the most effective strategies to manage a building's
inside conditions. The sun's radiation is primarily transmitted, absorbed, and reflected by
the louvers, reducing transmission. As an outcome, solar heat gain is prevented from
entering the building, lowering ventilation needs and cooling loads. If a controlled system
is implemented, movable louvers monitor the position of the sun, minimizing overheating.

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Similarly, in the winter, the louvers may be adjusted so that the structure benefits from
the heat of the sun, and they can be closed at night to reduce heat loss. Similarly, daylight
levels can be increased while glare levels are minimized.

5.10 Waste Management System

The municipal government's City Environment and Natural Resources Office

manages garbage collection in Tagaytay (CENRO). The volume of solid trash generated
is around 197.4 metric tons per week, or 28.2 metric tons per day on average.

Figure 112.0 Garbage Disposal Sink

Source: https://www.dreamstime.com/food-waste-disposer-kitchen-sink-kitchen-scraps-
falling-home-garbage-disposal-recycling-organic-waste-food-waste-image209899049

The trash disposal is attached to the underneath of a sink and is meant to gather
solid food waste in a grinding chamber. When you turn on the disposal, a spinning disc,
also known as an impeller plate, turns rapidly, forcing the food waste against the exterior
wall of the grinding chambers. Every service kitchen has this waste disposal system
installed.

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 Figure 114.0 Recycling Bins

Source: https://sciencing.com/about-5380850-advantages-recycle-bin.html

Throughout the convention center, condotel, commercial areas, office building,

and recreational areas waste containers for organics, garbage’s, mixed containers,
papers, recyclable will be located. Bins are strategically placed around the facility to
collect garbage from event participants and guests, including conference rooms,
exhibition spaces, commercial areas, recreational areas, condotel, and office halls, the
cafeteria/food court, and other high traffic locations. The container incorporates signage
throughout the facility to improve communication. Signs featuring representations of what
may be recycled, such as aluminum cans, plastic, and glass bottles, have been displayed
on the bins to better inform the public and workers.

5.11 Landscaping System

Sustainable landscapes are ecologically sensitive, regenerative, and may actively

contribute to the development of healthy communities. Sustainable landscapes absorb
carbon, clean the air and water, boost energy efficiency, restore ecosystems, and add
economic, social, and environmental value.

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 Figure 115.0 Grass Permeable Paving

Source: https://specificationproductupdate.com/2017/09/22/growing-concerns-grass-
concrete-limited/

Grass block pavers, turf block pavers, and grow-through pavers are alternatives to
asphalt, concrete, and traditional pavers. They are made of concrete or recycled plastic
and feature open cells through which grass would grow. They're a flexible,
environmentally beneficial solution for driveways and parking lots. The greatest surfaces
for grass block pavers are driveways, parking lots, and pathways. They are also beneficial
to slopes and serve with erosion prevention.

Tree Preservation

Tree preservation is an important part of a project’s master plan. It should be

contemplated at the very first stage of the process, before any work is done on the site.
Since there are existing grown pine trees in the site tree preservation is encouraged.
There are several important factors to consider while developing a tree preservation
strategy:

• Analyze which trees are appropriate for preservation. On the site plan, valuable
trees are recognized, numbered, and referenced. This should be done after a
broad knowledge of the project goals but before establishing a conceptual design.

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• Establish tree protection zones. Recognizing the undesirable implications of
planned expansion, protection zones are defined as the areas directly surrounding
the trees you want to preserve. Root zones are quite essential. Root zones are
illustrated as little circles around each tree on the landscape overlay or site map.
A tree is more likely to survive if at least 60% of its roots are not affected by
construction.
• Outline restrictions and create requirements. Designers may now identify the
structure, driveway, utilities, and establish the grading plan with the appropriate
information indicated on the site map. An overlay sheet can be colored to highlight
where construction will influence protected zones if one is implemented.
• Inspection and administration on the worksite. Critical decisions are made during
the design phase, but whether a project succeeds or fails is determined by
execution. You must ensure that field staff are following to the preservation plan.
Tree preservation is a unique experience for many individuals. Some may consider
that the extra attention is unnecessary. Maintain a cautious eye on everything.
Surveyors, well diggers, excavators, and truck drivers are usually the first to arrive
on the site. Say hello when they come. Tell them not to clean up around the trees
you want. Chemicals are harmful to trees, and washing a concrete truck affects
the soil's pH.

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 CHAPTER VI

Design Framework

6.1 Design Philosophy

“A work of architecture becomes iconic only when it captures a spirit and an idea
that is relevant to and valued by those who view it, inhabit it, and use it over time.”

– Leandro V. Locsin

“Architecture must be true to itself, its land, and its people.”

– Francisco Mañosa

One of the things that is most essential to our life is architecture. Everyone can
appreciate architecture. It gives people a place to live in a cozy and relaxing environment
where we can understand the connection between everything around us and our lives. It
is not just about its aesthetics but also about how a person can relate, heal, meditate, and
experience the magnificence of architecture, keeping us all related and connected in a
society that needs to be improved.

Every element in architecture provides a certain purpose. We build a good strategy

for our environment as we resolve issues through design solutions, and we are aware of
the value of constant improvement and learning about creative new ideas. It's not
necessarily just about the structure and the surrounding area, it also involves how it
interacts with tourists or other users. We give them a better ambiance so they may
experience and appreciate the vibe of planning as expressed through architecture.

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6.2 Design Concept

6.2.1 Major Design Concept

Modern Filipino Architecture

Today's architecture in the Philippines is the outcome of natural development

enhanced by the combination of many influences. The architectural legacy of the
Philippines reflects its history and culture. The building design styles, and character will
be inspired by pineapple and weaving. Rattan tables, seats, and lights can also be created
in indigenous designs.

The researchers’ concept is to develop an iconic structure using new and creative
construction technologies, advanced building systems, and in particular, Filipino
Indigenous Materials.

6.2.2 Minor Design Concept

Form

The researchers’ concept for the building form will be by using materials that are
naturally abundant in our country like bamboo, abaca, coco timber, rattan, etc. The
materials that will be used will be designed to adapt to the local climate of the site and
can be expressed with modern architecture. Its form will be build showcasing the beauty
of our local products and resources and give sustainable effect to the development. The
development will be surrounded with pine trees which is abundant in the site location and
local plants that can grow and give pleasing to the eyes of its guests or users.

Function

The researcher will make the development a high-performance development and

provide another famous tourist place in Tagaytay City, as well as having its convention
center exhibitions and events that have their intended function and be adaptive for future
innovations and changes. Operating amenities that will work effectively with a condotel,
an office building, and other supporting facilities such as recreational spaces and retail
stores.

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Time

The materials are utilized in the development will be of high quality, ensuring
sustainability and long-term usage. The development will be constructed not only for the
present state and generation, but also for the future generation and changes.

Economy

The project will be created not just to provide tourist attractions or events, but also
to improve Tagaytay City's economy. It will provide economic advantages to the Tagaytay
municipal government as well as chances for employment and the spread of fresh ideas
and information as the convention center hosts events, exhibits, or conferences. Giving
the private or public sectors an important venue for knowledge and information exchange
within their industry. The project's complexity will provide several types of economic
advantages to its community provided its areas are utilized effectively.

Weaving

Weaving is one of the project's minor concepts. Its commercial, convention,

condotel, and recreational spaces will feature a weaving aesthetic design. The materials
that will be utilized are easily accessible in our local area. It is inspired by the Pilipinyahan
Summer Festival in Tagaytay, which promotes and celebrates pineapples as the most
appealing agricultural product in the country. This is performed to showcase the country's
rich traditions and culture. Their traditional clothing for the event is made of weaving,
which inspired the researcher to include it in the project and promote its local culture.

Sustainability

A sustainable approach to the project proposal will also be used in the

development. It is good for the environment, working areas and brings economic benefits.
The researcher will achieve these results by using materials that can reduce the buildings
carbon emissions.

Tropical Architecture

The project proposal will not only be a Modern Filipino Architecture but will also
use Tropical Architecture. This is to maximize the local climate of Tagaytay City. The

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projects system of air circulation, ventilation, view openings and the orientation of the
buildings will be considered in planning and designing the project. Buildings with tropical
architectural design, characterized by settings or characters with tropical weather
conditions have a tropical form.

Security

The researchers' security concept is that by implementing security standards,

people may avoid common hazards such as robbery and property destruction.
Developing an emergency escape strategy that allows for a rapid departure from a
building. This project considers these circumstances, allowing the development to last for
a long time and serve as a model development in Tagaytay City.

6.3 Architectural Style Guide

Figure 116.0 Architect Leandro V. Locsin

Source: https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/9a90aac8-97c1-485b-b83d-
28a29364ea64

Mr. Leandro V. Locsin is a well-known architect in the Philippines who has

successfully integrated modern architecture into the climate of Southeast Asia.

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 The Philippines has high temperatures and humidity, and it is located in a volcanic
zone, making it sensitive to earthquakes. As a result, in Filipino architecture, durability
and ventilation are essential. Traditional Filipino architecture is defined by large roofs,
long eaves, and high ceilings.

Mr. Locsin's designs combine historic elements with the openness and
magnificence of modern architecture. His modern, Western painting style clearly
expresses his own interpretation of architectural aspects such as lattice and curved lines.
His concept, which lays behind his creativity, is to synthesis or integrate Western and
Eastern culture. Without this concept, Western contemporary architecture could not have
taken root in existing Filipino architecture.

His private life is defined by his continuous devotion to other arts and culture. He
is a fine pianist, a deeply committed admirer of oriental art and the visual and performing
arts. When his multifaceted artistic talents is completely displayed in architecture, the
details reflect a well-calculated beauty of form, and its look reshapes the urban landscape.

His architecture enjoys broad recognition, and he has garnered many honors and
awards. The Filipino architects of the early 20th century were trained in Europe and the
United States, and since then almost every Filipino architect of note has taken
undergraduate or graduate studies abroad. Mr. Locsin, however, has pursued his studies
within the Philippines, and has acquired his formal education from the University of Santo
Tomas. His phenomenal career is not only evidence of a natural wealth of talent, but also
a tribute to his Filipino mentors and to Filipino culture which in its colorful variety has been
a cradle of genius.

As such, Mr. Locsin's achievements have contributed immensely to the

advancement and recognition of Asian architectural culture. Therefore, he is surely worthy
of the Arts and Culture Prize of the Fukuoka Asian Cultural Prizes.

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 Figure 117.0 Philippine International Convention Center

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_International_Convention_Center

The Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) is one of the most iconic
pieces of architecture history in the country. Designed by National Artist for
Architecture Leandro Locsin, the design of the legendary structure reflected the popular
Brutalist Architecture movement of the 50s up until the 70s.

Characterized by its heavy use of bare concrete, striking visuals, and defined lines,
PICC was inaugurated on September 5, 1976, to host the World Bank-International
Monetary Fund annual meeting. It has since become one of Locsin’s most famous works
and continues to be the premier Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions
(MICE) venue in the country, as well as an inspiration and destination for budding
architects and photographers.

The PICC is often considered as Locsin’s magnum opus, with the state-of-the art
structure acting as a pioneer for convention centers in Asia since it opened its doors to
the public. The revered event venue is more than just a piece of architectural wonder, in
fact, it’s also a haven for art lovers thanks to its huge collection of artworks from six
National Artists inside their buildings.

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 Decades since its establishment, the PICC has been able to keep its revered
status both as a historical landmark and architectural wonder. This is due to the
combination of the PICC’s strenuous efforts on rehabilitation, as well as Locsin’s forward-
looking creation, which surmounted architectural trends throughout the years.

Figure 118.0 Cultural Center of the Philippines

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines

Leandro Locsin's most significant cultural contribution was the 88-hectare Cultural
Center of the Philippines (CCP) Complex. It consists of several structures, including the
Folk Arts Theater, Coconut Palace, Film Center, and Philippine International Convention
Center.

Leandro Locsin designed these buildings with his signature floating effect. The
CCP Complex is also clad in concrete textured with crushed seashells and marble.

All the buildings also conform to an international architectural style, with a square
or rectangular footprint, simple cubic "extruded rectangle" form, broken horizontal rows
of windows, and 90-degree facade angles symbolizing the complex's goal of showcasing
Philippine arts and culture to the rest of the world.

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 Figure 119.0 Cultural Center of the Philippines

Source: https://twitter.com/MASContext/status/1195405246404714497/photo/1

Expo '70 was the first world's fair held in Japan, held in Suita, Osaka Prefecture,
in 1970, with the theme "Progress and Harmony for Mankind." The Expo featured
numerous pavilions and was essentially an opportunity for countries to show off their
architectural prowess to the rest of the world.

The pavilions were designed by the following architects: the Canadian pavilion
(designed by architect Arthur Erickson), the West German pavilion (designed by Fritz
Bornemann), the USSR pavilion (designed by Soviet architect Mikhail V. Posokhin), the
US pavilion (designed by two architectural firms), the Netherlands pavilion (designed by
Carel Weeber and Jaap Bakema), the Hong Kong pavilion (designed by Alan Fitch, W.
Szebo & Partners), and the Philippine pavilion.

Our pavilion, of course, was designed by none other than Leandro Locsin, who
was determined to make a strong architectural statement despite a limited building
budget. He was concerned that our pavilion would be overlooked by its neighbors, as the
Canadian pavilion's large mirror-wall pyramid was directly in front of ours.

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 Leandro Locsin created a dramatic roof that sweeps up from the earth to represent
the Filipino people's rising aspirations and progressive spirit. The pavilion was built using
hardwoods and other natural materials. The eyes were drawn to the top by a narra
planking on the ceiling. Capiz shells were utilized as panels for the skylight, which was
intended to provide warm natural lighting for the interior.

Although small, the Philippine pavilion was one of the most popular pavilions at the
event. On top of that, our country also won the title of Miss International, which had a
coronation at the Expo ‘70.

Figure 120.0 Architect Francisco Mañosa

Source: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/02/22/1895837/palace-pays-tribute-
francisco-maosa

Architect Francisco Mañosa was a Filipino architect who pioneered the art of
Philippine neovernacular architecture. He was one of the most important Filipino
architects of the twentieth century.

In 2018, he was named a National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture for his
contributions to the Ar. Francisco "Bobby" Maosa development of Philippine architecture.
Although he is most renowned for designing the Coconut Palace, he also designed the
EDSA Shrine, the Davao Pearl Farm, and the Amanpulo resorts.

233
 His entire design company encouraged the use of natural materials such as
bamboo, coconut, rattan, cogon, shell, adobe, and even ash from the Mount Pinatubo
eruption. The Coconut Palace is built entirely of coconut wood and tree leaves.
byproducts, and the old Vice President's Office, all of which can be seen at the Cultural
Center of One of his most well-known examples of his broad use is the Philippines
Complex in Manila of native materials.

Figure 121.0 Coconut Palace

Source: https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/arts-culture/5-famous-designs-of-
architect-francisco-manosa-a00043-20181023

Hailed as one of his most iconic works, the Coconut Palace or “Tahanang Pilipino”
was drawn from the tree of life. The palace used indigenous materials such as bamboo,
coconut, rattan, cogon, shell, adobe, including ash straight from the Mt. Pinatubo
eruption.

About 70 percent of this work by Architect Francisco Mañosa is made out of

coconut trees such as coconut lumber, shells, and husks. Even furniture is made from
coconut products, such as the coconut chandelier made out of 101 coconut shells and a
dining table with over 40,000 pieces of crushed coconut shells.

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 By using coconuts, Mañosa wanted to show that indigenous materials in the
country can be transformed into materials suitable for luxurious purposes.

Coconut Palace, a grand reinterpretation of the bahay kubo, is also

Architect Bobby Mañosa’s work that reflects the warm hospitality of the Filipinos. If you
look at the structure from the top, its hexagonal domes resemble the shape of a salakot or
a farmer’s hat.

Figure 122.0 San Miguel Corporation Head Office

Source: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/architect-francisco-manosa-defining-
philippine-architecture-through-the-lens-of-a-national-artist/

Together with his brothers Manuel and Jose, Architect Bobby Mañosa designed
the San Miguel Corporation Complex in Ortigas Center. The building is marked by a
unique, stepped/terraced design that was inspired by the Banaue Rice Terraces. For
them, the complex is a reinterpretation of the terraces using glass, steel, concrete, and
plants.

Architect Ildefonso Santos, Jr., another National Artist, landscaped the greenery
that spills from the building’s facade. Like the philosophy and works of Mañosa, Ildefonso
Santos, Jr.’s famous works in landscaping and architecture highlight his appreciation and
maximized use for the local materials available in the country.

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 Figure 123.0 The Mañosa Family Home

Source: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/architect-francisco-manosa-defining-
philippine-architecture-through-the-lens-of-a-national-artist/

Mañosa’s own family house in 179 Sarangani Street, Ayala Alabang, explored all
the late architect’s design principles. The home incorporated elements and details of
the bahay kubo, like the high, pitched roof, expansive windows, and door openings that
invite in natural light and air.

Architect Bobby Mañosa’s house may not resemble the scale of the Coconut
Palace, but its interiors are simply phenomenal. Philippine jade, black stones, mother of
pearls, capiz, triangles of coconut shells, and weaved bamboo rafters, are used in
decorating the interiors of his contemporary house, giving each space depth, shade, and
color.

The property’s section with a fishpond stocked with edible fish and a vegetable
and fruit garden is very Filipino and gives off provincial feels. It also reflects the late
architect’s belief that “a Filipino landscape is an edible one.” Wherever you look, the
Mañosa’s home is a reflection of the Philippines and its culture.

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 .CHAPTER VII

Funding and Manner of Financing

7.1 Source of Funding

The project proposal will be funded by Ayala Land Estates, Inc. (formerly South
Gateway Development Corporation), one of the Philippines’ leading integrated property
companies. One of Ayala Land Inc.'s affiliates, this company has a proven track record of
creating expansive, integrated, mixed-use, sustainable estates that are presently thriving
economic centers in their respective areas. Ayala Land Inc. is the largest real estate
developer in the Philippines.

7.2 Probable Construction Cost

7.2.1 Land Acquisition Cost (LAC)

Lot Actual use Lot Area

Lot cost per Market Value
Designation sqm
Lot 1 19,180.00 10,000.00 191,800,000
Lot 2 68,833.00 10,000.00 688,330,000
Lot 3 41,685.00 10,000.00 416,850,000
Primary Urban
Lot 4 23,386.00 10,000.00 233,860,000
Area
Lot 5 18,179.00 10,000.00 181,790,000
Lot 6 7,475.00 10,000.00 74,750,000
Lot 7 26,713.00 10,000.00 267,130,000
Grand Total 205,451.00 70,000.00 2,054,510,000
Table 24 Land Acquisition Cost

7.2.2 Building Construction Cost (BCC)

Building Cost
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX BUILDING
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Mall Lobby 505.74 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 20,229,600.00
Information Desk 10.92 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 436,800.00
Open Space &
505.64
Landscapes ₱ 40,000 ₱ 20,225,600.00
Hallways

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Rentable Space
(Clothes Apparel) 550.60
(20) ₱ 40,000 ₱ 22,024,000.00
Rentable Space
(Other items) 550.60
(20) ₱ 40,000 ₱ 22,024,000.00
Rentable Space 1465.80
(Restaurants) (20) ₱ 40,000 ₱ 58,632,000.00
Kiosks (10) 176.90 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 7,076,000.00
Supermarket
Cashier Area (15) 69.75 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 2,790,000.00
Kiosks (5) 44.25 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,770,000.00
Dry Market 776.88 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 31,075,200.00
Wet Market 801.84 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 32,073,600.00
Dry Storage 74.10 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 2,593,500.00
Wet Storage 74.10 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 2,593,500.00
Department Store
Cashier Space (15) 69.75 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 2,790,000.00
Market Space 795.60 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 31,824,000.00
Fitting Room (10) 18.20 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 728,000.00
Female Restroom 12.36 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 432,600.00
Male Restroom 13.14 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 459,900.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 75,950.00
Customer Service 33.05 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,322,000.00
Storage 74.10 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 2,593,500.00
Theater/Cinema
Ticket Booth & Lane 16.22 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 648,800.00
Kiosks (2) 16.64 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 665,600.00
Movie hall 861.12 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 34,444,800.00
Female Restroom 1.91 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 66,850.00
Male Restroom 2.17 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 75,950.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 75,950.00
Movie Operating room 25.90 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,036,000.00
Cyber Zone
Rentable Space (20) 301.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 12,040,000.00
Kiosks (5) 31.20 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,248,000.00
Food Court
Rentable Space (20) 205.40 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 8,216,000.00
Kiosks (10) 88.50 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 3,540,000.00
Dining Hall 270.40 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 10,816,000.00
Female Restroom 12.36 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 432,600.00
Male Restroom 13.14 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 459,900.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 75,950.00

238
Dishwashing Room 16.38 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 573,300.00
Building Maintenance room
Loading dock 16.17 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 565,950.00
Storage Room 24.00 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 840,000.00
Electrical Room 102.96 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 3,603,600.00
Mechanical Room 134.16 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 4,695,600.00
Generator Room 71.76 ₱ 35,000 ₱ 2,511,600.00
TOTAL 8841.22 ₱ 350,402,200.00
Table 25 Commercial Complex Building Cost

ADMINISTRATIVE AREA - COMMERCIAL

Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Lobby 24.08 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 963,200.00
Waiting lounge 31.85 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,274,000.00
Reception / Front Desk 10.92 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 436,800.00
Board of Director and Manager’s Office
General Manager’s office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Assistant Managers’
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Operations Department 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Secretary Area 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Assistant Operations 11.29
Department Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Building Administration 11.29
Manager Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Customer Relation 11.29
Manager Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Department Manager 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Male Private Restroom 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
Female Private
1.91
Restroom ₱ 40,000 ₱ 76,400.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
Marketing and Sales Division
Marketing Manager
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Marketing Officers Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Marketing and Sales 20.65
Director Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 826,000.00
Assistant Marketing
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Sales Manager Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Office Spaces 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Sales Offices 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00

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Clerk Area 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Leasing Director Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Leasing Supervisor
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Leasing Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Accounting Department
Accounting Director
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Assistant Accounting 11.29
Director Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Secretary Area 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Clerk Area 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Controller Area 13.22 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 528,800.00
Accountants Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Treasury Manager Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Treasury Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Human Resource Department
HR Director Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Assistant HR Director 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
HR Recruitment Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Compensation And 26.21
Benefit Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Payroll Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Labor Relation Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Training And 26.21
Development Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Design and Engineering Department
Chief Engineer Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱451,600.00
Energy Manager 11.29
Supervisor Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Administrator Supervisor 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Electrical Engineer
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Mechanical Engineer
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Preventative
Management Supervisor 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Maintenance Personnel 11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
ADMINISTRATIVE AREA - CONVENTION CENTER
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Lobby 24.08 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 963,200.00

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Waiting lounge 31.85 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,274,000.00
Reception / Front Desk 10.92 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 436,800.00
Offices
Board Of Director's
11.29
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Manager's Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Accounting Manager
26.21
Office ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Accounting Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Sales Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Security Office 19.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 771,600.00
Clinic 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Conference Room 26.84 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,073,600.00
Female Restroom 12.36 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 494,400.00
Male Restroom 13.14 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 525,600.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
TOTAL 934.71 ₱ 37,388,400.00
Table 26 Administrative Area Building Cost

OFFICE AREA
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Lobby 12.38 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 495,200.00
Information Deck 6.24 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 249,600.00
Reception Desk 6.24 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 249,600.00
Waiting lounge 31.85 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,274,000.00
Open Space &
10.92
Landscapes ₱ 40,000 ₱ 436,800.00
Female Private
1.91
Restroom ₱ 40,000 ₱ 76,400.00
Male Private Restroom 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
Gathering Space
Conference Room 37.83 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,513,200.00
Meeting Area/Meeting 37.83
Desk ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,513,200.00
Cafeteria or Dining Hall
Waiting lounge 31.85 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,274,000.00
Dining Hall 54.08 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 2,163,200.00
Pantry 13.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 520,000.00
Powder Room 1.91 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 76,400.00
Physical Fitness Area
Play station 21.24 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 849,600.00
Gym 152.88 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 6,115,200.00
General Storage

241
Supporting Storage 12.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 480,000.00
Equipment Storage 12.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 480,000.00
Files Storage 12.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 480,000.00
Executive Office
Manager’s Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Staff Office 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Conference Room 37.83 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,513,200.00
Private Restroom 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
Open Workstation
Office Room 26.21 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,048,400.00
Meeting Room 37.83 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,513,200.00
Female Restroom 1.91 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 76,400.00
Male Restroom 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 86,800.00
Operator Office 11.29 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 451,600.00
Social lounge 31.85 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,274,000.00
Printer, Copier & Fax 13.52
Room ₱ 40,000 ₱ 540,800.00
Supply Room 22.88 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 915,200.00
TOTAL 687.83 ₱ 27,513,200.00
Table 27 Office Area Building Cost

CONVENTION CENTER
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Pre – Function Hall 756.60 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 34,047,000.00
Lobby 756.60 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 34,047,000.00
Registration/Costumer 62.40
Service Desk ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,808,000.00
Waiting lounge 530.89 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 23,890,050.00
Cafe lounge 540.80 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 24,336,000.00
Green Room 540.80 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 24,336,000.00
Exhibition Halls 1379.17 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 68,958,500.00
Auditorium 861.12 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 43,056,000.00
Ballroom 811.20 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 40,560,000.00
Theatre 861.12 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 43,056,000.00
Banquet 811.20 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 40,560,000.00
Dressing Room (Female) 31.51 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,417,950.00
Dressing Room (Male) 31.51 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,417,950.00
Production Office 58.06 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,612,700.00
Stage Manager’s Office 29.52 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,328,400.00
Front Desk Supervisor 29.52
Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,328,400.00
Telecommunication Room 18.62 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 837,900.00

242
Storage Room 24.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,080,000.00
Private Toilet 2.17 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 97,650.00
Building Maintenance room
Loading dock 16.17 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 727,650.00
Storage Room 24.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,080,000.00
Electrical Room 102.96 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 4,633,200.00
Mechanical Room 134.16 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 6,037,200.00
Generator Room 71.76 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 3,229,200.00
TOTAL 8485.86 ₱ 405,482,750.00
Table 28 Convention Center Building Cost

CONDOTEL BUILDING
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Lobby 71.57 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 3,220,650.00
Information Desk 10.92 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 491,400.00
Reception Desk 10.92 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 491,400.00
Waiting lounge 79.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 3,555,000.00
Open Space & Landscapes 128.29 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 5,773,050.00
Female Restroom 6.94 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 312,300.00
Male Restroom 7.46 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 335,700.00
PWD Toilet 2.17 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 97,650.00
Luggage Room 7.50 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 337,500.00
Condo Units
Studio Type Unit 3,000 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 144,000,000.00
Loft Type Unit 3,150 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 151,200,000.00
1 Bedroom Unit 3,600 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 172,800,000.00
2 Bedroom Unit 3,600 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 172,800,000.00
3 Bedroom Unit 4,000 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 192,000,000.00
Penthouse - Condo Unit 100 ₱ 48,000 ₱ 4,800,000.00
Hotel Rooms
Single Bedroom 3000 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 150,000,000.00
Double Bedroom 7000 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 350,000,000.00
Twin Bedroom 8000 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 400,000,000.00
Presidential Suite 8000 ₱ 50,000 ₱ 400,000,000.00
Amenities
Restaurant 153.09 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 6,889,050.00
Café 135.93 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 6,116,850.00
Service Kitchen 46.75 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,103,750.00
Restaurant Manager Office 11.29 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Lounge 84.94 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 3,822,300.00
Swimming Pool 60.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,700,000.00
Beauty Salon 50.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,250,000.00
Barber Shops 50.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,250,000.00

243
Spa rooms 50.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,250,000.00
Gym 50.00 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 2,250,000.00
Locker Room 27.56 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,240,200.00
Administrative Department
Executive Director Office 11.29 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Assistant Executive Director 11.29
Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Secretary Area 6.61 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 297,450.00
Clerk Area 6.61 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 297,450.00
Finance and Human Resource Department
Finance And Budget Director 11.29
Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Human Resource 17.08
Recruitment Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 768,600.00
Records Office 26.21 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,179,450.00
Utility Men Office 26.21 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,179,450.00
Clerk Area 6.61 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 297,450.00
Property Development Office
Planning Manger Office 11.29 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Planning Supervisor Office 17.08 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 768,600.00
Planning Technician Office 17.08 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 768,600.00
Property Officer Office 26.21 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,179,450.00
Utility Men Office 26.21 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,179,450.00
Food and Beverage Department
Food and Beverage Director 13.22
Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 594,900.00
Assistant Food and 13.22
Beverage Director Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 594,900.00
Banquet Manager Office 13.22 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 594,900.00
Waiters Room 31.85 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,433,250.00
Housekeeping Department and Security
Executive Housekeeper 11.29
Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Assistant Executive 11.29
Housekeeper Office ₱ 45,000 ₱ 508,050.00
Security Officers Room 39.90 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,795,500.00
Attendants Room 31.85 ₱ 45,000 ₱ 1,433,250.00
Service Area
Staff Locker Room 27.56 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,102,400.00
Staff Quarter Room 35.10 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,404,000.00
Housekeeping Room 31.45 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,258,000.00
Laundry Room 17.78 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 711,200.00
Garbage Chute 19.66 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 786,400.00
Building Maintenance room

244
Loading dock 16.17 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 646,800.00
Storage Room 24.00 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 960,000.00
Electrical Room 102.96 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 4,118,400.00
Mechanical Room 134.16 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 5,366,400.00
Generator Room 71.76 ₱ 40,000 ₱ 2,870,400.00
TOTAL 52011.84 ₱ 1,957,334,080.00
Table 29 Condotel Building Cost

RECREATIONAL PARK
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Guard House (5) 41.15 ₱ 25,000 ₱ 1,028,750.00
TOTAL ₱ 1,028,750.00
Table 30 Recreational Park Cost

PARKING AREA
Particulars Area (sqm) Unit Cost Subtotal
Parking for Commercial 1980.00 ₱ 2,000 ₱ 3,960,000.00
Complex Building
Parking for Convention 3762.00 ₱ 2,000 ₱ 7,524,000.00
Center Building
Parking for Condotel 13,712.40 ₱ 2,000 ₱ 27,424,800.00
Building
Parking for PWD 930.00 ₱ 2,300 ₱ 2,139,000.00

TOTAL ₱ 41,047,800.00
Table 31 Parking Area Building Cost

TOTAL BUILDING COST

SPACE AMOUNT (Php)
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX BUILDING ₱ 350,402,200.00
ADMINISTRATIVE AREA ₱ 37,388,400.00
OFFICE AREA ₱ 27,513,200.00
CONVENTION CENTER ₱ 405,482,750.00
CONDOTEL BUILDING ₱ 2,540,429,800.00
RECREATIONAL PARK ₱ 1,028,750.00
PARKING AREA ₱ 41,047,800.00
BUILDING COST ₱ 2,820,197,180.00
Table 32 Total Building Cost

245
 7.2.3 Movable Equipment and Machineries

Movable Equipment and Machineries

Fixed Equipment
Equipment Quantity Unit Cost Total
Lavatory 1237 ₱ 3,184.00 ₱ 3,938,608.00
Water Closet 1249 ₱ 9,000.00 ₱ 11,241,000.00
Shower 1201 ₱ 8,000.00 ₱ 9,608,000.00
Urinal 22 ₱ 3,340.00 ₱ 73,480.00
Sink 626 ₱ 5,000.00 ₱ 3,130,000.00
Bathtub 300 ₱ 15,000.00 ₱ 4,500,000.00
800-1000mm/ 8-11 KW
12 ₱ 447,030.00 ₱ 5,364,360.00
Escalator
Hydropneumatic System
(Pressure Tank,
Centrifugal Pump, 4 ₱ 200,000.00 ₱ 800,000.00
Pressure Switch and Non-
Return Valves)
Water Tank (5,000-liter
4 ₱ 131,000.00 ₱ 524,000.00
capacity)
Rain Water Harvesting
2 ₱ 800,000.00 ₱ 1,600,000.00
Tanks & Pumps
Generator set (100 kW
3 ₱ 950,000.00 ₱ 2,850,000.00
per set)
Transformer 3 ₱ 133,000.00 ₱ 399,000.00
Split Type Air
1201 ₱ 40,000.00 ₱ 48,040,000.00
Conditioning System
Centralized Air
3 ₱ 1,500,000.00 ₱ 4,500,000.00
Conditioning System
Elevators 4 ₱ 1,500,000.00 ₱ 6,000,000.00
Service Elevator 1 ₱ 1,500,000.00 ₱ 1,500,000.00
EcoPure Tech Modular
10 ₱ 44,500.00 ₱ 445,000.00
Portable STP
IP Wireless CCTV 492 ₱ 5,000.00 ₱ 2,460,000.00
TOTAL ₱ 106,973,448.00
Total + Inflation Rate (3% per year) (5 years) ₱ 123,019,465.20
Table 33 Fix Equipment Cost

Movable Equipment
Equipment Quantity Unit Price Total
Couch 167 ₱ 12,000.00 ₱ 2,004,000.00
Front desk Counter 18 ₱ 11,250.00 ₱ 202,500.00
(4-seater) Sofa Set 197 ₱ 9,000.00 ₱ 1,773,000.00

246
(4-seater) Coffee Table 89 ₱ 9,000.00 ₱ 801,000.00
(4-seater) Workstation 32 ₱ 20,000.00 ₱ 640,000.00
Cashier Desk 151 ₱ 11,000.00 ₱ 1,661,000.00
Item Cabinets 189 ₱ 8,000.00 ₱ 1,512,000.00
(4-seater) Dining Table 53 ₱ 10,800.00 ₱ 572,400.00
(4-seater) Dining Table
150 ₱ 11,000.00 ₱ 1,650,000.00
Circular
Chairs 90 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 270,000.00
Grocery Racks 40 ₱ 8,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
Wet Racks 40 ₱ 8,000.00 ₱ 320,000.00
Coolers 24 ₱ 6,000.00 ₱ 144,000.00
Market Racks 50 ₱ 8,000.00 ₱ 400,000.00
Office Table with chair
73 ₱ 15,000.00 ₱ 1,095,000.00
and visitor chair
Movie Seats 300 ₱ 12,000.00 ₱ 3,600,000.00
Dishwashing Racks 3 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 9,000.00
Shelter Cabinets 15 ₱ 5,000.00 ₱ 75,000.00
(4-layer) Rack Drawer 20 ₱ 7,000.00 ₱ 140,000.00
Oval Type Conference
5 ₱ 13,900.00 ₱ 69,500.00
Table
Task Chairs 56 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 168,000.00
Display Tables 200 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 600,000.00
Seats 600 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 1,800,000.00
Telecom Racks 4 ₱ 10,500.00 ₱ 42,000.00
(4-seater) Benches 100 ₱ 9,000.00 ₱ 900,000.00
Locker 2 ₱ 7,000.00 ₱ 14,000.00
Bunk Bed 5 ₱ 13,000.00 ₱ 65,000.00
Washing Machine 6 ₱ 50,000.00 ₱ 300,000.00
Garbage Chute
6 ₱ 5,000.00 ₱ 30,000.00
Containers
TOTAL ₱ 21,177,400.00
Total + Inflation Rate (3% per year) (5 years) ₱ 24,354,010.00
Table 34 Movable Equipment Cost

Building Cost Php 2,820,197,180.00

Land Acquisition Php 2,054,510,000.00
TOTAL BUILDING COST: Php 4,874,707,180.00
Table 35 Total Building Cost + Land Acquisition Cost

247
7.2.4 Site Development Cost

SITE DEVELOPMENT AREA

Total Site Area 205,451.00
Total Building Footprint 84,115.91
Total Lot – Building Area = LTD
205,451 - 84,115.91 121,335.09
Road Network = 30% LTD
121,335.09 x 0.30 36,400.52
Car Parking = No. of Slots x 18 sqm
1,064 x 18 19,152.00
PWD Parking = No. of Slots x 30 sqm
31 x 30 930.00
Truck Parking = Number of Slots x 64.8
3 x 64.8 194.40
Bus Parking = Number of Slots x 64.8
8 x 64.8 518.40
Landscape = 40% of LTD
114,585.09 x 0.40 45,834.03
Table 36 Site Development Area

Development Cost
Development Area (sqm) Cost in (₱) Sub Total (₱)
Road 36,400.52 ₱ 3,000.00 ₱ 109,201,560.00
Car Parking 19,152.00 ₱ 2,000.00 ₱ 38,304,000.00
PWD Parking 930.00 ₱ 2,300.00 ₱ 2,139,000.00
Truck Parking 194.40 ₱ 2,300.00 ₱ 447,120.00
Bus Parking 518.40 ₱ 2,300.00 ₱ 1,192,320.00
Landscape 45,834.03 ₱ 1,000.00 ₱ 45,834,030.00
Development Cost ₱ 197,118,030.00
Table 37 Site Development Cost

7.2.5 Probable Construction Cost

PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST

Building Construction Cost ₱2,820,197,180.00
Site Development Cost ₱197,118,030.00
Fixed Equipment ₱123,019,465.20
Movable Equipment ₱24,354,010.00

248
 TOTAL ₱3,164,688,685.20
Table 38 Probable Construction Cost

7.2.6 Professional Fee

PROFESSIONAL FEE
ARCHITECT'S FEE
Commercial Complex Building Cost ₱457,380,350.00
Commercial Complex Building, Group 2 -
₱21,795,214.00
Over ₱200 million
Convention Center Cost ₱405,482,750.00
Convention Center, Group 3 - Over ₱ 200
₱23,774,137.50
million
Basic Minimum Fee ₱45,569,351.5
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Civil/Structural Engineer's Fee 5%
Total Structural Engineer's Fee ₱7,014,112.28
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Professional Electrical Engineer's Fee 3%
Total Electrical Engineer's Fee ₱4,208,467.37
MECHANICAL ENGINEER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Professional Mechanical Engineer's Fee 3%
Total Mechanical Engineer's Fee ₱4,208,467.37
SANITARY ENGINEER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Professional Sanitary Engineer's Fee 2%
Total Sanitary Engineer's Fee ₱2,805,644.91
MASTER PLUMBER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Master Plumber's Fee 1%
Total Master Plumber's Fee ₱1,402,822.46
GEODETIC ENGINEER'S FEE
Architect's Fee ₱140,282,245.50
Professional Geodetic Engineer's Fee 1%
Total Geodetic Engineer's Fee ₱1,402,822.46
FULL TIME SUPERVISOR FEE
Total Building Cost ₱3,741,709,405.20
Percentage on TBC 2%
Total Full Time Supervisor Fee ₱56,125,641.08

249
 CONSTRUCTION MANAGER'S FEE
Total Building Cost ₱3,741,709,405.20
Percentage on TBC 2%
Total Construction Manager Fee ₱56,125,641.08
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT FEE
Site Development Cost ₱191,043,030.00
Percentage on Landscaping Works 2%
Total Landscape Architect Fee ₱2,865,645.45
INTERIOR DESIGN FEE
Total Building Cost ₱3,361,216,350.00
Interior Design Fee 5%
Total Interior Design Fee ₱168,060,817.50
Table 39 Professional Fee

TOTAL PROFESSIONAL FEES (TPF)

Architect ₱140,282,245.50
Structural Engineer ₱7,014,112.28
Electrical Engineer ₱4,208,467.37
Mechanical Engineer ₱4,208,467.37
Sanitary Engineer ₱2,805,664.91
Master Plumber ₱1,402,822.46
Geodetic Engineer ₱1,402,822.46
Full-Time Supervisor ₱56,125,641.08
Construction Manager ₱56,125,641.08
Landscape Architect ₱2,865,645.45
Interior Design ₱168,060,817.50
TOTAL ₱444,502,347.46
Table 40 Total Professional Fee

7.2.7 Tax and Permit Cost

TAX AND PERMIT COST

Total Building Cost ₱3,741,709,405.20
Percentage on TBC 10%
TAX AND PERMIT TOTAL COST ₱374,170,940.52
Table 41 Tax and Permit Cost

7.2.8 Total Building Construction Cost

TOTAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COST (TBCC)

250
 Total Building Cost ₱3,741,709,405.20
Total Professional Fee ₱444,502,347.46
Tax and Permit Cost ₱374,170,940.52
TOTAL ₱4,560,382,693.18
Table 42 Total Building Construction Cost (TBCC)

7.2.9 Total Project Cost

TOTAL PROJECT COST

Land Acquisition ₱2,054,510,000.00
Total Building Construction ₱4,560,382,693.18
Site Development Cost ₱191,043,030.00
Movable Equipment ₱24,354,010.00
Fixed Equipment ₱123,019,465.20
Contingency Cost (5%) ₱187,085,470.26
TOTAL PROJECT COST ₱7,140,394,668.64
Table 43 Total Project Cost

7.2.10 Project Manager Fee

PROJECT MANAGER FEE

Total Project Cost ₱7,140,394,668.64
Percentage on TPC 2%
TOTAL PROJECT MANAGER FEE ₱142,807,893.37
Table 44 Project Manager Fee

7.2.11 Total Budget Required

TOTAL BUDGET REQUIRED

Total Project Cost ₱7,140,394,668.64
Total Project Manager Fee ₱142,807,893.37
TOTAL BUDGET REQUIRED ₱7,283,202,562.01
Table 45 Total Budget Required

7.2.12 Staff and Operations Personnel Requirements and Costs (Salaries)

Annual Operation Cost
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
Position Quantity Rate Q X RPM Annual Salary
(Q) per Expense
Month
(RPM)
General 1 42,298 ₱ 42,298 ₱ 549,874
Manager

251
Assistant 1 33,291 ₱ 33,291 ₱ 432,783
Manager
Executive 1 19,324 ₱ 19,324 ₱ 251,212
Secretary
Operations 1 53,121 ₱ 53,121 ₱ 690,573
Manager
Assistant 1 33,664 ₱ 33,664 ₱ 437,632
Operations
Manager
Secretary 1 15,820 ₱ 15,820 ₱ 205,660
Building 1 47,294 ₱ 47,294 ₱ 614,822
Administration
manager
Customer 1 26,620 ₱ 26,620 ₱ 346,060
relation manager
Department 1 60,868 ₱ 60,868 ₱ 791,284
Manager
Marketing 1 39,682 ₱ 39,682 ₱ 515,866
Manager
Marketing 4 22,442 ₱ 89,768 ₱ 1,166,984
Officer/s
Marketing 2 45,589 ₱ 91,178 ₱ 1,185,314
Director
Asst. Marketing 1 39,682 ₱ 39,682 ₱ 515,866
Manager
Banquet 1 27,866 ₱ 27,866 ₱ 362,258
Manager
Sales Manager 1 31,552 ₱ 31,552 ₱ 410,176
Sales Supervisor 1 31,552 ₱ 31,552 ₱ 410,176
Office Staff/ 1 14,667 ₱ 14,667 ₱ 190,671
Clerk
Marketing 1 25,794 ₱ 25,794 ₱ 335,322
Account
Executive
Leasing Director 1 33,539 ₱ 33,539 ₱ 436,007
Leasing Officer 1 21,482 ₱ 21,482 ₱ 279,266
Leasing 2 21,482 ₱ 42,964 ₱ 558,532
Supervisor
Accounting 1 44,066 ₱ 44,066 ₱ 572,858
Director

252
Asst. Accounting 1 44,066 ₱ 44,066 ₱ 572,858
Director
Secretary 1 15,820 ₱ 15,820 ₱ 205,660
Controller 1 19,631 ₱ 19,631 ₱ 255,203
General 2 26,935 ₱ 53,870 ₱ 700,310
Accountants
Tax Officer 1 41,058 ₱ 41,058 ₱ 533,754
Treasury 1 36,853 ₱ 36,853 ₱ 479,089
Manager
Treasury 4 15,812 ₱ 63,248 ₱ 822,224
Officers
Treasury Clerk 2 14,389 ₱ 28,778 ₱ 374,114
HR Director 1 60,599 ₱ 60,599 ₱ 787,787
Asst. HR 1 51,286 ₱ 51,286 ₱ 666,718
Director
HR Recruitment 1 20,104 ₱ 20,104 ₱ 261,352
Officer
Payroll Chief 1 19,873 ₱ 19,873 ₱ 258,349
Labor Relation 1 27,148 ₱ 27,148 ₱ 352,924
Officer
Training and 1 30,577 ₱ 30,577 ₱ 397,501
Development
Officer
Chief Engineer 1 38,474 ₱ 38,474 ₱ 500,162
Energy Manager 1 47,939 ₱ 47,939 ₱ 623,207
Supervisor
Administrator 1 24,049 ₱ 24,049 ₱ 312,637
Supervisor
Electrical 1 21,877 ₱ 21,877 ₱ 284,401
Engineer
Mechanical 1 20,501 ₱ 20,501 ₱ 266,513
Engineer
Preventative 1 43,051 ₱ 43,051 ₱ 559,663
Management
Supervisor
Maintenance 2 15,113 ₱ 30,226 ₱ 392,938
Personnel
Subtotal ₱ 20,866,560.00
Salary increase per year of 3% 9% ₱ 22,744,550.40

253
 Maintenance and Depreciation cost (1% of Annual
₱ 227,445.50
Gross Income)
Operating Cost (1% of Annual Gross Income) ₱ 227,445.50
Waste Management Cost (1% of Annual Gross
₱ 227,445.50
Income)
GROSS ANNUAL EXPENSES ₱ 23,426,886.91
Table 46 Commercial Complex Building Staff and Personnel Salary

Annual Operation Cost

CONVENTION CENTER
Position Quantity Rate Q X RPM Annual Salary
(Q) per Expense
Month
(RPM)
Board of 3 19,267 ₱ 57,801 ₱ 751,413
Directors
General 1 42,298 ₱ 42,298 ₱ 549,874
Manager
Secretary 1 15,820 ₱ 15,820 ₱ 205,660
Deputy General 1 58,824 ₱ 58,824 ₱ 764,712
Manager
HR Director 1 60,599 ₱ 60,599 ₱ 787,787
Executive 1 59,795 ₱ 59,795 ₱ 777,335
Director
Front Desk 1 19,416 ₱ 19,416 ₱ 252,408
Supervisor
Senior 1 20,591 ₱ 20,591 ₱ 267,683
Receptionist
Front Desk 2 17,141 ₱ 34,282 ₱ 445,666
Clerk
Accounting 1 44,066 ₱ 44,066 ₱ 572,858
Manager
Finance 1 68,488 ₱ 68,488 ₱ 890,344
Controller
Accountant 1 30,137 ₱ 30,137 ₱ 391,781
Treasurer 1 19,403 ₱ 19,403 ₱ 252,239
Internal Auditor 2 23,191 ₱ 46,382 ₱ 602,966
Bookkeeper 2 25,100 ₱ 50,200 ₱ 652,600
Marketing 1 39,682 ₱ 39,682 ₱ 515,866
Manager
Director, 1 37,413 ₱ 37,413 ₱ 486,369
Marketing &
Events Manager

254
Convention 4 17,210 ₱ 68,840 ₱ 894,920
Sales Officer
Sales 4 16,931 ₱ 67,724 ₱ 880,412
Executives
Chief Security 1 27,668 ₱ 27,668 ₱ 359,684
Officer
Security Guards 6 14,984 ₱ 89,904 ₱ 1,168,752
Subtotal ₱ 12,471,329.00
Salary increase per year of 3% 9% ₱ 13,593,748.61
Maintenance and Depreciation cost (1% of Annual
₱ 135,937.49
Gross Income)
Operating Cost (1% of Annual Gross Income) ₱ 135,937.49
Waste Management Cost (1% of Annual Gross
₱ 135,937.49
Income)
GROSS ANNUAL EXPENSES ₱ 14,001,561.07
Table 47 Convention Center Staff and Personnel Salary

Annual Operation Cost

CONDOTEL BUILDING
Position Quantity Rate Q X RPM Annual Salary
(Q) per Expense
Month
(RPM)
Executive 1 46,876 ₱ 46,876 ₱ 609,388
Director
Assistant 1 28,084 ₱ 28,084 ₱ 365,092
Director
Secretary 1 15,820 ₱ 15,820 ₱ 205,660
Senior Clerk 1 15,734 ₱ 15,734 ₱ 204,542
Clerks 2 14,389 ₱ 28,778 ₱ 374,114
Finance and 1 66,815 ₱ 66,815 ₱ 868,595
Budget Director
Human 1 16,213 ₱ 16,213 ₱ 210,769
Resource
Recruitment
Officer
Supervising 1 17,840 ₱ 17,840 ₱ 231,920
Clerk
Accounting 2 14,389 ₱ 28,778 ₱ 374,114
Clerk
Cash Clerks 2 13,397 ₱ 26,794 ₱ 348,322
Records Officer 1 12,040 ₱ 12,040 ₱ 156,520
Utility Men 4 14,576 ₱ 58,304 ₱ 757,952

255
Planning 1 52,588 ₱ 52,588 ₱ 683,644
Manager
Planning 1 55,000 ₱ 55,000 ₱ 715,000
Supervisor
Planning 1 26,624 ₱ 26,624 ₱ 346,112
Technicians
Property Officer 1 38,178 ₱ 38,178 ₱ 496,314
Director of 1 45,589 ₱ 45,589 ₱ 592,657
Sales
Sales Manager 1 31,552 ₱ 31,552 ₱ 410,176
Food and 1 69,296 ₱ 69,296 ₱ 900,848
Beverage
Director
Chef 1 20,126 ₱ 20,126 ₱ 261,638
Assistant Food 1 60,296 ₱ 60,296 ₱ 783,848
& Beverage
Director
Restaurant 1 22,182 ₱ 22,182 ₱ 288,366
Executive
Manager
Banquet 1 27,866 ₱ 27,866 ₱ 362,258
Manager
Waiters 10 31,904 ₱ 319,040 ₱ 4,147,520
Executive 1 36,611 ₱ 36,611 ₱ 475,943
Housekeeper
Assistant 1 26,000 ₱ 26,000 ₱ 338,000
Executive
Housekeeper
Breakfast 10 12,324 ₱ 123,240 ₱ 1,602,120
Attendant
Housepersons 10 10,961 ₱ 109,610 ₱ 1,424,930
Room Attendant 10 13,533 ₱ 135,330 ₱ 1,759,290
Chief Security 1 27,668 ₱ 27,668 ₱ 359,684
Officer
Surveillance 3 20,081 ₱ 60,243 ₱ 783,159
Officers
Facility Security 3 21,447 ₱ 64,341 ₱ 836,433
Officers
Security Officers 3 21,447 ₱ 64,341 ₱ 836,433
Security Guards 2 14,984 ₱ 29,968 ₱ 389,584
Subtotal ₱ 23,500,945.00
Salary increase per year of 3% 9% ₱ 25,616,030.05
Maintenance and Depreciation cost (1% of Annual
₱ 256,160.30
Gross Income)

256
 Operating Cost (1% of Annual Gross Income) ₱ 256,160.30
Waste Management Cost (1% of Annual Gross
₱ 256,160.30
Income)
GROSS ANNUAL EXPENSES ₱ 26,384,510.95
Table 48 Condotel Building Staff and Personnel Salary

7.3 Return of Investment

COMMERCIAL BUILDING RENTABLE SPACES ANNUAL INCOME

No. of Rent Rate /
Rentable Spaces Annual Income
Spaces Month
Clothes/Apparel 20 ₱ 60,000 ₱ 14,400,000.00
Other Stores 20 ₱ 60,000 ₱ 14,400,000.00
Restaurants 20 ₱ 100,000 ₱ 24,000,000.00
Kiosks 27 ₱ 30,000 ₱ 9,720,000.00
Cyberzone Stalls 20 ₱ 60,000 ₱ 14,400,000.00
Movie Theater 1 ₱ 500,000 ₱ 6,000,000.00
Department Store 1 ₱ 500,000 ₱ 6,000,000.00
Supermarket 1 ₱ 500,000 ₱ 6,000,000.00
Food Court Stalls 20 ₱ 60,000 ₱ 14,400,000.00
Rentable Offices 17 ₱ 60,000 ₱ 12,240,000.00
Total ₱ 121,560,000.00
Table 49 Commercial Building Rentable Spaces Annual Income

Convention Center Rentable Space Annual Income

Rentable No. of
Rent Rate / Hour Annual Income
Spaces Spaces
₱ 30,000.00
Exhibition Assume of average 3
1
Halls hours with 15 events per
month ₱ 16,200,000.00
₱ 20,000.00
Auditoriu Assume of average 3
1
m hours with 15 events per
month ₱ 10,800,000.00
₱ 20,000.00
Ballroom 1 Assume of average 3
hours with 15 events per
month ₱ 10,800,000.00
₱ 30,000.00
Theatre 1 Assume of average 3
hours with 15 events per
month ₱ 16,200,000.00

257
 ₱ 20,000.00
Banquet 1 Assume of average 3
hours with 15 events per
month ₱ 10,800,000.00
Total ₱ 64,800,000.00
Table 50 Convention Center Rentable Spaces Annual Income

Hotel Rooms Probable Annual Income

Regular Peak Season

Season Jan 1 Mar 16 - June Lean Season
No. of Rates
Room - Mar 15 15 June 16 - Oct
Room per stay
Oct 16 - Nov Nov 30 - Dec 15 (122 Days)
29 (119 days) 31 (124 days)

₱ 3,500,
Deluxe 60 ₱ 4,500, ₱
Queen ₱ 3,000 ₱ 24,990,000 ₱ 33,480,000 21,960,000
₱ 4,500,
Deluxe 60 ₱ 5,500, ₱
King ₱ 3,500 ₱ 32,130,000 ₱ 40,920,000 25,620,000
₱ 4,000,
108 ₱ 4,500, ₱
Single Twin ₱ 3,500 ₱ 51,408,000 ₱ 60,264,000 46,116,000
₱ 5,000,
Superior 108 ₱ 5,500, ₱
Twin ₱ 4,500 ₱ 64,260,000 ₱ 73,656,000 59,292,000
₱ 9,500,
₱
76
11,000, ₱
Suite ₱ 8,500 ₱ 85,918,000 ₱103,664,000 78,812,000
₱13,500,
₱
36
Presidential 14,500, ₱
Suite ₱ 15,500 ₱ 62,118,000
₱ 69,192,000 59,292,000
₱
Income per Season ₱320,824,000 ₱381,176,000 291,092,000
TOTAL INCOME ₱ 993,092,000
Table 51 Hotel Rooms Annual Income

258
 Condominium Units Probable Annual Income
Assumed Rent per
No. of 80% Rent per Month Annual
Room
Units Units Unit (25 days Income
Occupied assumed)
Studio 80 64
Type Unit ₱ 20,000 ₱ 1,280,000 ₱ 15,360,000
Loft Type 80 64
Unit ₱ 25,000 ₱ 1,600,000 ₱ 19,200,000
1
Bedroom 70 56
Unit ₱ 30,000 ₱ 1,680,000 ₱ 20,160,000
2
Bedroom 60 48
Unit ₱ 40,000 ₱ 1,920,000 ₱ 23,040,000
3
Bedroom 50 40
Unit ₱ 50,000 ₱ 2,000,000 ₱ 24,000,000
1 1
Penthouse ₱
300,000 ₱ 300,000 ₱ 3,600,000
Sub-Total Annual Income: ₱ 105,360,000
Table 52 Condominium Units Annual Income

CONDOMINIUM UNIT PRICE PER UNIT

No. Are Profitable
Total Total
Condomi of a Unit Constructi Price (30%
Constructi Profitable
nium Unit Uni (sq Price on Price of the Total
on Price Price
ts m) per Unit Profit)
₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Studio 80 30 5,400,0 ₱ 144,000,0 396,000,00 118,800,00
Type Unit 00 1,440,000 00 0 0
₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Loft Type 80 35 6,400,0 ₱ 151,200,0 424,800,00 127,440,00
Unit 00 1,680,000 00 0 0
1 ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Bedroom 70 40 7,400,0 ₱ 172,800,0 493,200,00 147,960,00
Unit 00 1,920,000 00 0 0
2 ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
Bedroom 60 50 8,400,0 ₱ 172,800,0 499,200,00 149,760,00
Unit 00 2,160,000 00 0 0
3 ₱ ₱ ₱
Bedroom 50 60 9,400,0 ₱ 192,000,0 560,000,00 ₱168,000,0
Unit 00 2,400,000 00 0 00

259
 ₱
Penthous 1 130 16,400, ₱ ₱ ₱ ₱
e 000 4,800,000 4,800,000 11,600,000 3,480,000
₱ ₱ ₱
14,400,00 837,600,0 2,384,800,0 ₱715,440,0
Total 0.00 00.00 00.00 00.00
Table 53 Condominium Units Price Per Unit

SUMMARY OF TOTAL ANNUAL EXPENSES

Commercial Building ₱23,426,886.91
Convention Center ₱14,001,561.07
Condotel Building ₱26,384,510.95
TOTAL ANNUAL EXPENSES ₱63,812,958.93
Table 54 Summary of Total Annual Expenses

SUMMARY OF GROSS ANNUAL INCOME

Commercial Building Rentable Spaces ₱1,215,600.00
Convention Center Rentable Spaces ₱64,800,000.00
Condominium Units ₱715,440,000.00
Hotel Rooms ₱993,092,000.00
TOTAL GROSS ANNUAL INCOME ₱1,774,547,600.00
Table 55 Summary of Total Annual Expenses

Net Annual Income = Gross Annual Income - Total Annual Expenses

Gross Annual Income ₱1,774,547,600.00
Total Annual Expenses ₱63,812,958.93
NET ANNUAL INCOME ₱1,710,734,641.07
Table 56 NET Annual Income

RETURN OF INVESTMENT
Total Project Cost/ Net Annual Income
7,283,202,562.01 / 1,710,734,641.07 = 5.7
ROI = 5.7 years
Table 57 Return of Investment

7.4 Maintenance and Sustainability

The maintenance and sustainability of the proposed project should be performed

throughout the whole projects’ occupancy. Proper operations for every equipment and
occupancy will be monitored to ensure safety precautions. Each building occupancy will
have personnel assigned that is responsible for overall maintenance.

260
 Apart from it as well, public engagement will greatly help to the project's long-term
sustainability. Marketing strategies are essential for ensuring the income of the project.
Different types of advertising, such as event sponsorship, will help to strengthen the city's
status as a tourist attraction, promoting not just the project but also the municipality. Also,
to hire security guards to monitor the safety of both residents and visitors across the
property.

261
 CHAPTER VIII

Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation

8.1 Findings

After thorough study and careful analysis of data, its concern and considerations,
and the feasibility study of the proposed project entitled, ALTA: A Proposed Mixed-Used
Commercial Complex and Convention Center in Tagaytay City, Cavite, the researcher is
given the opportunity to thoroughly study the project's relevance and justify the necessity
for this type of proposal.

The researcher found that by carefully analyzing the vision, opportunities, and
strengths of the site, he will be able to create a timeless and unique human experience
via architecture. Through this study, the researcher is able to assess the municipality of
Tagaytay City's strengths and weaknesses and generate a chance to design structures
that minimize environmental devastation. Moreover, the use of locally available materials
to design objects that are aesthetically pleasant to their consumers. The researcher
examines the existing commercial buildings in the proposed area and discovers that the
development mainly includes commercial spaces.

The proponent also found that Tagaytay City is one of the top feasible investment
locations when it comes to the rising economic sector that would influence how Tagaytay
enterprises are done. That makes the proposed project beneficial in having the Condotel
Building, which is helpful for its business economy and will also provide its
homeowners/users with a scenic view of Taal Lake.

8.2 Conclusions

From the information gathered by the researcher, new road is being constructed
from Emilio Aguinaldo Highway to Tagaytay-Nasugbu Highway which the four (4) lane
highway will pass the site location. The site location will have access to the new highway
road from its northern part which will give an easy access to tourist to enter the proposed
project without constructing a new road. And considering the site location of the proposed
project it is located nearby other Cavite towns like Alfonso, Cavite, and Mendez which

262
local people in the municipality can be treated as future tourists or guests. The proposed
location of the project Tagaytay City, Cavite has a high rate in terms of business
investments which make the proposed project good for tourist attraction and business
sector. In terms of the panoramic view of Taal lake from the site location it can still be
seen in the Condotel Building by its guests and homeowners.

In conclusion, constructing the proposed project will not just help boost the tourist
economy of the municipality but also give good business investment to Tagaytay City,
Cavite. And by using sustainable materials its environment can be preserve and give
comfort to its users.

8.3 Recommendations

The study is carried out to collect information on how the project will give the finest
solutions for it to be developed in its site location. The project's goal is to construct a
development that interacts with its users and provides them with the comfort they require
while within the development. In addition, create a modern but also sustainable project
that makes use of locally sustainable resources.

The researcher finds that in Tagaytay City, where the weather is cooler than most
places in the Philippines, skylights can help reduce energy consumption by allowing
natural light to enter the building. This is especially beneficial for the proposed projects
buildings. Instead of relying on artificial lighting, which can be expensive and harmful to
the environment, skylights provide free and clean natural light, thus reducing the amount
of energy needed to illuminate the building.

In accordance with the study, the proposed project's design and planning should
benefit not just the development but also its users and the community. The municipality's
objective is to construct and produce something that will benefit Tagaytay's increasing
economy and tourism, which is also the purpose of the proposed project. The researcher
creates a structure not just for investments but also for a pleasant interaction between
people, nature, and architecture. The researcher also suggests developing more
innovative materials and concepts that will aid architecture in terms of sustainability and

263
provide us with a sustainable future, as well as incorporating these ideas and materials
into architectural designs to provide us with a better environment.

264
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