BULLETIN OF THE MARYLAND HERPETOLOGICAL SocIETY Vovume 14 30 SeptemBer 1978 NumBer 3 A PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT OF THE RATTLESNAKES WITH THE DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SUBSPECIES Herbert S. Harris, Jr. and Robert S. Simmons In the following preliminary account of the rattlesnakes, genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, we have listed all species and subspecies cur- rently recognized as valid, andin addition, have included an abbreviated description of four newtaxa. Formal descriptions will follow at a later date. Although this is not a standard practice, we hope it will be tol- erated for the sake of completeness. In this arrangement, species are listed alphabetically. Subspecies are listed alphabetically under the nominate species. Following the species or subspecies listed, an abbreviated synonymy is given. It con- tains the earliest listing of the name currently recognized and also a reference to the taxonomic work giving the usage currently accepted as valid. In a few instances, these may be the same name, indicating that other names or combinations may have been accepted for a period of time, before returning tothe earlier name. In some instances, additional list- ings were needed to clarify current usage. In this list the subspecies Crotalus trisertatus aquilus Klauber has been elevated to specific level, and will be recognized as Crotalue aquilue Klauber. Klauber's paratypic series contained three forms, Cro- talus pricet, Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus aquilus. Of the latter two, only Crotalus aquilus occurs at the type locality. This snake Is intermediate in many characters between C. triseriatue and C. lepiduo, but is as different as they are from each other. Crotalus triseriatus anahuacus Gloydhas been resurrected as it fully describes the high elevation montane form occurring on all the peaks across the Volcanic Axis of Mexico being dark and having the blotches feduced to spots. However, thetype locality restriction is not justified for this subspecies since itis a montane form restricted to higher ele~ vations than Coyoacén, Mexico. Crotalus atrox elegans Schmidt has been resurrected from synonymy as Crotalus ruber elegans for the red diamond rattlesnakes of Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California, Baja del Norte, Mexico. These snakes are stunted as compared to C. yr, ruber of the mainland and differ in some meristic characters. These differences will be treated at length Ina future paper. Two recently described subspecies on which the descriptions are in Press are Included as they should appear prior to this paper. In addi- Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Pace 105“Otume 14 Number 3 September 1978 tion, twosubspecies have been listed intheir respective places on which a description will be forthcoming. We are currently evaluating the taxonomy and distributions of all rattlesnake species using all available taxonomic techniques. At this time, the list reflects our current understanding, however, there are a number of additional forms that may require a new description or re- structuring. Immediately following the synonymy section, are illustrations of the majority of known rattlesnakes anddistribution maps indicating the cur- rently known distribution of each species and subspecies. In the case of C, t. triseriatus and C. +. anahuacue a composite map is used at this time. Crotalus adamanteue Beauvois Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Figure 1, Map 1 1799. Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 4. no. 42, p. 368. Type locality: U.S.; type specimen: none desig: nated. ‘Type locality: restricted to charleston, S.C. by Schmide, 1953, p. 227. 1895. Crotalus adamanteus; Stejneger, Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1893, p. 433. Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard Western Diamondback Rattlesnake Figure 2, Map 2a & 2b 1853. Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard, Cat. North Amer. Rept., part 1, Pp. 5. Type locality: Indianola (Calhoun County), Texas; type specimen: USNM 7761. . 1930. Crotalus atrox; Klauber, Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego,no. 6, p. 6. Page 106 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Ol 195: 18¢ 19! 19) Bt78, Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Crotalus aquilus Klauber Queretaran Blotched Rattlesnake Figure 3, Map 3 1952. Crotalus triseriatus aquilus (Part) Klauber, Bull. Zodl. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 24. Type locality: near Alvarez, San Luis Po- tos{, Mexico; type specimen: MCZ 27843, Crotalus basiliseus basiliecus (Cope) Mexican West-Coast Rattlesnake Figure 4, Map 4 1864. Caudisona basilisea Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 16, no. 3, p. 166. Type locality: near Colima, Colima, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 53586. Type locality subsequently restricted to Colima, Colima, by Smith andTaylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 328. 1948.. Crotalus basiliseus basiliscus Gloyd, Nat. Hist. Misc., no. 17, pe le Crotalus basiliscus oaxacus Gloyd Oaxacan Rattlesnake Figure 5, Map 4 1948. Crotalus basiliscus cazacus Gloyd, Nat. Hist. Misc., no. 17, p. 1, Type locality: Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 46467. Crotalus catalinensis Cliff Santa Catalina Island Rattlesnake Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 107eee rs om Figure 6, Map 5 1954. Crotalus catalinensis Cliff, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, no.5, p. 80. Type locality: Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type specimen: Stanford 15631. 175 Crotalus cerastes cerastes Hallowell ‘ Mojave Desert Sidewinder ' Figure 7, Map 6 198 1854. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, p. 95. Type locality: borders of the Mohave River, and in the desert of the Mohave (California); type specimen: designated, no number, disposition unknown. 1944. Crotalus cerastes cerastes Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 10, no. 8, p. 94. Crotalue cerastes cercobombue Savage and Cliff 18 Sonoran Desert Sidewinder 19 Figure 8, Map 6 1953. Crotalus cerastes cercobombus Savage and Cliff, Nat. Hist. Misc. no. 119, p. 2. Type locality: near Gila Bend, Maricopa County, Arizona; type specimen: Stanford 7287. Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Klauber , Colorado Desert Sidewinder 149 Figure 9, Map 6 194k. Crotalus cerastes laterorepens Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 10, no. 8, p. 94. Type locality: The Narrows, San 1s Diego County, California; type specimen: LMK 34074, Page 108 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society a78 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 iF 1758. } ' 1952. 1. he no 1824, 1966. Ce | Ys | 4 4 1926. t. n 1966. Crotalus duriseus durissus Linnaeus Central American Rattlesnake Figure 10, Map 7 Crotalus durtesus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 214. Type lo- cality: America; type specimen: originally inClaudius Grill Sur- inam collection; thecollection later sent to the Zodlogical Museum of the Royal University at Upsala, Sweden, but the type was appar- ently lost. Type locality subsequently restricted to Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 348, 1950. Crotalus durissus durissus Klauber, Bull. Zod1. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 61. Crotalus durissus cascavella Wagler Northeastern Brazilian Rattlesnake Figure 11, Map 8 Crotalus eascavella Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras. p. 60, pl. 24. Type locality: Bahia, Brazil; restricted through neotype designation to Nina Caratba, Bahia Brazil, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 139, 1965; neotype specimen: 1BH 23 400. Crotalus duvissus cascavella Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 139, 1965. Crotalus durissus collilineatus Amaral Central Brazilian Rattlesnake Figure 12, Map 8 Crotalus terrificus var. collilineatus Amaral, Rev. Mus. Paulista, vol. 15, p. 90. Type locality: none specified in original des- cription, restricted through lectotype designation to Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil by Amaral and Hoge, in Hoge, Mem. Inst. Bu- tantan, vol. 32, p. 139, 1965; lectotype specimen: IBH n° 2180, Crotalus durissus collilineatus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 139, 1965. ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 109seit stot Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1952. 1833. 1966. 1758. 1966. Crotalus durissus culminatus Klauber Northwestern Neotropical Rattlesnake Figure 13, Map 7 Crotalus durissus culminatus Klauber, Bull. 2031. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 65. Type locality: Hacienda £1 Sabino, near Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico; type specimen: Taylor 5224. Crotalus durissus cumanensis Humboldt Venezuelan Rattlesnake Figure 14, Map 8 Crotalus eumanensis Humboldt in Humboldt and Bonpland, Recueil d'0bs. Zool. Anat. Comp., vol. 2, p. 6. Type locality: Cumana, Venezuela; type specimen: none designated. Crotalus durissus cunanensis Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 142, 1965. Crotalus duriseus dryinas Linnaeus Guianian Rattlesnake Figure 15, Map 8 Crotalus dryinas Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 214. Type locality: America; restricted to Paramaribo, Surinam, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 143, 1965; type specimen: orig- inally in the Adolph Frideric Museum; later this collection was sent to the Zodlogical Museum of the Royal University at Upsala, Sweden, but the type specimen was lost. Crotalus dyrissus dryinus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p- 142, 1965.! yinae to diyimas however, dynos Ue correct Page 110 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society278 an, pe je, o- as Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Crotalus durtesue marajoensia Hoge Marajoan Rattlesnake Figure 16, Map 8 1966. Crotalus duriseus marajoensis Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 143, 1965. Type locality: Tuiulu, Ilha de Marajé, State Para, Brazil; type specimen: 1BH 17 779. Crotalus durigsus neoleonensis Zertuche Nuevo Leon Neotropical Rattlesnake Figure 17, Map 7 1978. Crotalus duriseus neoleonensie Zertuche, in press. & Crotalus durissus rurwima Hoge ‘it. Roraima Rattlesnake Figure 18, Map 8 1966. Crotalus duriseue ruruima Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 145, 1965. Type locality: Paulo Camp, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela; type specimen: AMNH 36 056. Crotalus durissue terrificue (Laurenti) South American Rattlesnake Figure 19, Map 8 1768. Caudésona terrifica Laurenti, Synopsis Reptilium, p. 93. Type locality: "Habitat In America Infragraduum elev. 45", restricted through neotype designation to Julio de Castilho, Hunicfpil Ta~ quar!, Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Bu- tantan, vol. 32, p. 147, 1965; neotype specimen: IBH 22 997. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 1111936. Crotalus durissus terrificus Klauber, Occ. Papers, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., no. 1, p. 4. Crotalus durissus totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld 18¢ Totonacan Rattlesnake 19! Figure 20, Map 7 \ 190. Crotalus totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 6,no. 2,p. 12. Type locality: Panaco Island, about 75 miles south of Tampico, Veracruz, Mexico, 12 miles inland from Cabo Rojo; type specimen: Chi. Acad. 4469. 1945. Crotalus durissus totonacus Smith and Taylor, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 187, p. 190. | | | | 19 Crotalue duriseus trigontcus Harris and Simmons Rupununi Savanna Rattlesnake | Figure 21, Map 8 | 1957. Crotalue duriesus terrificue (Part) Allenand Nei11,Herpet., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 67. 1972. Crotalue duriseus terrificus (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 35. 1978. Crotalus duriseus trigonicue Harris andSimmons, Mem. Inst. Butan- tan (In press). 19 Crotalus durissus tzabean Klauber Yucatan Neotropical Rattlesnake ; Figure 22, Map 7 1952. Crotalus durissus tzabean Klauber, Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 71. Type locality: Kantunil, Yucatan, Mexico; type speci- men: CNHM 36168. Page 112 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society B978 oc. les abo D1. a1. an ty Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Crotalus enyo enyo (Cope) Lower California Rattlesnake Figure 23, Map 9 1861. Caudisona enyo Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 13, p. 203. Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico; type specimen: PANS 7159. 1954. Crotalus enyo enyo Lowe and Norris, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, no. 4, p. 52. Crotalus enyo cerralvensie Cliff Cerralvo Island Rattlesnake Figure 24, Map 9 1954. Crotalus enyo cerralvensia Cliff, Trans. SanDiego Soc. Nat.Hist., vol. 12, no. 5, p. 82. Type locality: Cerralvo Island, Guif of California, Mexico; type specimen: Stanford 14021. Crotalus enyo furvus Lowe and Norris Rosario Rattlesnake Figure 25, Map 9 1954. Crotalus enyo furvus Lowe and Norris, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 12, no. 4, p. 52. Type locality: 10.9 miles north of El Rosario, Baja California del Norte, Mexico; type specimen MVZ 55388. Crotalus exsul Garman Cedros Island Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 26, Maps 10 & 20 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 1131883. 1758. 1935. 1973. 1802. 1935. 1973. 1865. Crotalue exsul Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 114, Type locality: Cedros Island, west coast Baja California; cotype specimens: MCZ 652 (2 specimens) . Crotalus horridus horridus Linnaeus Timber Rattlesnake Figure 27, Map 11 Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 214. Type lo- cality: America; type specimen: originally in the King Adolph Frideric collection; later sent to the Royal Zoological State Museum at Stockholm, but now lost. Type locality restricted to vicinity of New York City by Schmidt, 1953, p. 227. Crotalus horridus horridys Gloyd, Copeia, no. 4, p. 176. Crotalus horridus; Pisani, Collins andEdwards, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., vol. 75, no. 3, p. 255, 1972. Crotalus horridus atricaudatus Latreille Canebrake rattlesnake Figure 28, Map 11 Crotalus atvicaudatus Latreille, in Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., vol. 3, p. 209. Type locality: Carolina; type spec- imen: none designated. Type locality restricted to Charleston, S.C., by Schmidt, 1953, p. 228. Crotalus horridus atricaudatus Gloyd, Copeia, no. 4, p. 176. Crotalus horridus; Pisani, Collins andEdwards, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., vol. 75, no. 3, p. 255, 1972. Crotalus intermedius intermedius Troschel Totalcan Small-Headed Rattlesnake Figure 29, Map 12 Crotalus intermedius Troschel, inMiiller, Reisen in denVereinigten Page 114 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society peprember ivi978 ia; lo- iph ate ad. C~ ny ad. ty Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Staaten, Canada undMexico, vol.3, p. 613. Type locality: Mexico; type specimen: in Miller collection; later in the collection of the Zoological Institute at Bonn, which was subsequently destroyed in World War If. 1952. Crotalus intermedius intermedius Klauber, Bull. Zo61. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 9. Crotalus intermedius gloydi Taylor Oaxacan Small-Headed Rattlesnake Figure 30, Map 12 1941. Crotalus triseriatus gloydi Taylor, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. vol. 27, part 1, no. 7, p. 130. Type locality: Cerro San Felipe, ele- vation 10,000 feet, near (15 km. northeast of) Oaxaca de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico; type specimen: EHT-HMS 23645, 1957. Crotalus intermedius gloydi Davis and Dixon, Sw. Nat., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 25. Crotalus intermedius omiltemanue Gunther Omi iteman Small-Headed Rattlesnake Figure 31, Map 12 1895. Crotalus omiltemanus Giinther, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Rept. Batr., p. 192. Type locality: Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico; type specimens: BM 93.3.15.11 and 95.3.15.11 (currently BM 1946.1.19.28 and 29). 1952. Crotalus intermedius omtltemanue Klauber, Bull. Zo31. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 14. Crotalus lannomi Tanner Autl4n Rattlesnake Figure 32, Map 13 1966. Crotazus Zannomi Tanner, Herpet., vol. 22, no. 4, p. 298. Type locality: 1.8 mi. west of the pass, Puerto Los Mazos, on Mexican Highway No. 80, Jalisco, Mexico; type specimen: BYU 23800. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 115Crotalus Lepidus Lepidus (Kennicott) Mottled Rock Rattlesnake Figure 33, Map 14 1861. Caudisona lepida Kennicott, Proc.Acad. Nat.Sci. Phila., vol. 13, p. 206. Type localities:Presidio del Norte andEagle Pass, Texas; type specimens: two heads, now lost. . 1936. Crotalus Lepidus Lepidus Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zo31. Univ. Mich. no. 337, p. 2. Crotalus Lepidue klauberi Gloyd Banded Rock Rattlesnake Figure 34, Map 14 1936. Crotalue Lepidus klauberi Gloyd, Occ. Papers. Mus. Zo]. Univ. Mich., no. 337, p. 2. Type locality: Carr Canyon, Huachuca Moun- tains, Cochise County, Arizona; type specimen: MZUM 79895. Crotalus Lepidus maculosus Tanner, Dixon and Harris Durango Rock Rattlesnake Figure 35, Map 14 1972. Crotalus Lepidus maculosue Tanner, Dixon and Harris, Great Basin Nat., vol. 32,no. 1, p. 16. Type locality: 15 miles (24 km) west of La Ciudad, near Highway 40, Durango, Mexico; type specimen: BYU 33328. Crotalus Lepidus morulue Klauber Tamaulipan Rock Rattlesnake Figure 36, Map 14 Page 116 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society 19 18 178, = in st ty Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1952. 1861. 1895. 1936. 1963. 1972. 1949. Crotalus Lepidue morulus Klauber, Bull. Z051. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p.52, f.m. Type locality: 10 miles northwest of Gémez Farfas on the trail to La Joya de Salas, Tamaulipas, Mexico; type spec- imen: MZUM 101376, Crotalus mitchellii mitchellit (cope) San Lucan Speckled Rattlesnake Figure 37, Map 15a & 15b Caudisona mitchellii Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 13, Pp. 293. Type locality: Cape St. (= San) Lucas, Baja California, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 529}, now lost. Crotalus mitchellit mitchellit (Part) Stejneger, Rept. U.S. Nat. hus. for 1893, p. 454, Crotalus mitchellét mitchellii Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 19, p. 154, Crotalus mitchellit angelensie Klauber Angel de la Guarda Island Speckled Rattlesnake Figure 38, Map 15b Crotalue mitchelli angelensis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 73. Type locality: Puerto Refugio, Angel dela Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type spec— imen: SDSNH 51994. Crotalus mitchellit angelensis Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 42, Crotalus mitchellii muertensis Klauber El Muerto Island Speckled Rattlesnake Figure 39, Map 15b Crotalus métchellii muertensis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 117Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 97. Type locality: £1 Muerto Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type specimen: LMK 37447. Crotalus mitchellit pyrrhus (Cope) Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake Figure 40, Maps 15a & 15b 1866. Caudisona pyrrha Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 18, p. 308. Type locality: not stated, but known from the type specimen to beCanyon Prieto, Yavapai County, Arizona; type specimen: USNM 6606. 1895. Crotalus nitchellti pyrrhua (Part) Stejneger, Rept. U.S.Nat. Mus. for 1893, p. 456. 1936. Crotalus mitchellii pyrrhus Klauber, Trans, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 19, p. 157. Crotalus mitchellii stephenst Klauber Panamint Rattlesnake Figure 41, Map 15a 1930. Crotalus confluentus stephenst Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6,n0. 3, p. 108. Type locality: 2 miles west of Jack- ass Springs, Panamint Mountains, elevation 6,200 ft., Inyo County, California; type specimen: MVZ 6699. 1936. Crotalus mitchellit stephensi Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 19, p. 162. Crotalus molossus molossus Baird and Girard Northern Black-Tailed Rattlesnake Figure 42, Map 16a 1853. Crotalus molossus Baird and Girard, Cat. North Amer. Rept., part 1, p. 10. Type locality:Fort Webster, Santa Rita del Cobre (Grant County), New Mexico; type specimen: USNM 485. Page 118 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society 1 18 18 Bu78 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1936. Crotalus molossus molossus Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zoi Mich., no. 325, p. 2. Crotalus molossus estebanensis Klauber San Esteban Island Rattlesnake Figure 43, Maps 16a & 16b 1949. Crotalus molossus estebanensia Klauber, Trans.San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 10. Type locality: San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type specimen: LMK 26792. Crotalus molossus nigrescens Gloyd Mexican Black-Tailed Rattlesnake Figure 44, Map 16a 1936. Crotalus molossus nigrescens Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zo31., Univ. Mich., no. 325, p. 2. Type locality: 4 miles west of La Colorada, Zacatecas, Mexico; type specimen: MZUM 77833. Crotalus polystictus (Cope) Mexican Lance-Headed Rattlesnake Figure 45, Map 17 1865. Caudieona polysticta Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Phila., vol. 17, p. 191. Type locality: Tableland, Mexico; type specimen: none designated. Type locality subsequently restricted to Tupataro, Guanajuato, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull.. vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 330, 1875. Crotalus polystictus Cope, in Yarrow, Surv. W. of 100th Merid. (Wheeler), vol. 5, chap. 4, p. 533. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Pace 110eevee eee Crotalus pricet pricei Van Denburgh Western Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake Figure 46, Map 18 1895. Crotalus pricei Van Denburgh, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 1 vol. 5, p. 856, Type locality: Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County), Arizona; type specimer Stanford 1702. 4 1946. Crotalus pricet pricet Smith, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 31, part 1, no. 3, p. 79. Crotalus pricet miquihuanus Gloyd”*? 3° Eastern Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake Figure 47, Map 18 1940. Crotalus triseriatus miquihuanus Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci. spec. pub. no. 4, p. 102. Type locality: Cerro Potosf, near Galeana, Nuevo Leén, Mexico; type specimen: CNHM 30850. 1946. Crotalus pricei miquihuanus Smith, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 31, part 1, no. 3, p. 79. Crotalus pusilius Klauber Tancitaran Dusky Rattlesnake Figure 48, Map 19 1952. Crotalus pusi2lus Klauber, Bull. 2031. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 34. Type locality: Tancftaro, Michoacan, elevation 5,000 feet; type specimen: CNHM 39112. Page 120 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society78 ee Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1892. 1949, 1922. 1975. Crotalus ruber ruber Cope Red Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 49, Map 20 Crotalue adamanteus ruber Cope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 1h, p. 690. Type locality: notdesignated, but type specimen recorded as being fromSouthern California; type specimen: USNM 9209. Type locality subsequently restricted to Dulzura, San Diego County, California, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 356. Crotalus ruber ruber Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 5, p. 59. Crotalus ruber elegans Schmidt ‘Angel de la Guarda Red Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 50, Map 20 Crotalus atrowelegans Schmidt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 46, art. 11, p. 699. Type locality: Angel de la Guarda Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 6452, Paratypes: AMNH 5231, 5586. Crotalus ruber lorenzoensis Radcliffe andMaslin San Lorenzo Red Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 51, Map 20 Crotalus ruber lorenacensis Radcliffe andMaslin, Copeia 1975, no. 3, p. 490. Type locality: San Lorenzo Sur Island in the Gulf of California, Baja California Norte, Mexico; type specimen: SDSNH 46009. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 121Crotalus ruber lucasensis Van Denburgh San Lucan Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 52, Map 20 1920. Crotalus lucasensis Van Denburgh, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 29. Type locality: Agua Caliente, Cape re- gion of Baja California; type specimen: CAS 45888. 1949. Crotalus ruber lucasensis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 5, p. 59. Crotalus ruber monserratensis subsp. nov. Monserrate Red Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 53, Map 20 1930. Crotalus ruber Klauber, Bull. Zoé1. Soc. San Diego, no. 6, p. 3. 1936. Crotalus ruber Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vot. VIII, no. 20, p. 240. 1940. Crotalus ruber Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci. spec. pub. 4, p. 207. 1954. Crotalus ruber ruber (Part) Cliff, Trans. San DiegoSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. X11, no. 5, p. 87. 1956. Crotalus ruber ruber (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 41. 1966. Crotalus ruber ruber (Part) Soulé andSloan, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, no. 11, p. 143. 1972. Crotalus ruber ruber (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 46. Diagnois, — A moderately drawfed island subspecies of Crotalus ruber. From mainland C. v. ruber it can be separated by its very vivid and dis- tinctive pattern andin having 27 scale rows atmidbody. It has a smaller head than either C. r. ruber or C. vr. lucasensis. C. x. monserratensis has a higher number of body blotches than C. . lucasensis and a lower number than C. r. ruber, It also has a lower number of subcaudals than either C. r, ruber or C. r. lucasensis. C. 7. monserratensis can be separated further from C, r. Zueasenste by the width of the light pre- ocular stripe; generally two scale rows wide in C. 7. monserratensie, whereas, in C. 1. ucasensis it is generally 3 or more scale rows wide. It can be separated from C. r. elegans by its very contrasting and dis- tinctive pattern and from C. x. Lorengoensis by having 27 scale rows at midbody instead of usually 25. Type Specimens. — Holotype: RS 1217 HSH/RSS (NHSM), an adult male col- lected on Isla Monserrate, Gulf of California, Baja Sur, Mexico in July 1976 by James Nyhan, Paratypes: RS 1198, 1199, 1210-1226 HSH/RSS (NHSM). Page 122 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Des mm 16, bar inf sci (ni anc to! 1-2 ta bet ma ea val ou: the an dai the die Rar 186 194 Bul78, Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Description of the TypeSpecimens.— Holotype: 930 mm total length, 61.5 mm tail Tength, 27 scale rows at midbody, 188 ventrals, 23 subcaudals, 16/16 supralabials, 18/17 infralabials, 29 body blotches (diamonds), 4 bands on the tail, maximum width of preocular stripe is 2 scales, first infralabials divided, prenasal contacts first supralabial, minimum number scales between supraoculars 6,2 preoculars, prefoveals 9/8, loreals 2/2 (not counting a postloreal oneach side), no intergenials or submentals, and 12 rattle fringe scales. The following summary of the type specimens includes the holotype: Size, max. 1045 mm, min. 377 mm, Scale rows 27 at midbody; ventrals, males 188-201 (mean 195.6), females 194-203 (mean 197.6); subcaudals, males 21-25 (mean 23.1), females 18-22 (mean 19.4); supralabials, males 14-18 (mean 15.8), females 15-18 (mean 16.3); infralabials, males 16-18 (mean 17.1), females 15-19 (mean 17.6); body blotches (diamonds), males 29-36 (mean 32.6), females 30-34 (mean 32.8); tail length as percent of total length,males 6.46, females 5.26; maximum width of preocular stripe 1-2 scale rows (mean 1.8); first Infralabials aredivided; prenasal con- tacts the first supralabial in 65% of thespecimens; min. number of scales between supraoculars 3-8 (mean 5.6); total length divided byhead length, males 24.6, females 23.7; preoculars 2; prefoveals 6-12 (mean 8.5); lor— eals 1-3; rattle fringe scales 10-13 (mean 11.8). General ground color varies from light brown to rust brown with very distinctive dark diamonds outlined with white-tipped scales. The white-tipped scales bordering the diamonds are most obvious towards the center of the body, the neck and posterior portions being less distinctive. The diamonds consist of dark contrasting scales one scale row wide with centers that are darker than the ground color, but not nearly as dark as the one scale row wide diamond outline. Range: — Known only from the type locality. Crotalus seutulatus scutulatus (Kennicott) Mojave Rattlesnake Figure 54, Map 21 1861. Caudisona scutulata Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 13, p. 207. Type locality: none designated; type specimen: none designated. Type locality subsequently restricted to Wickenburg, Maricopa County, Arizona, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 353. 1940. Crotalus seutulatue seutulatus Gloyd, Chi.Acad. Sci., spec. pub. 4, p. 200. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 123Crotalus scutulatus salvini Giinther Huamant tan Rattlesnake Figure 55, Map. 21 1895. Crotalus salvini Gunther, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,Rept. Batr., p. 193. Type locality: Huamantla (Tlaxcala), Mexico, elevation 8,000 feet; type specimen: BM 73.1.13.1 (currently BM 1946.1.19.35). 1940. Crotalus scutulatus salvini Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci., spec. pub. 4, p. 201. } 194 Crotalus stejnegeri Dunn Long-Tailed Rattlesnake Figure 56, Map 22 1919. Crotalue ste;negeri Dunn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 32, p. 214. Type locality: Plumosas (= Plomosas),Sinaloa, Mexico; type spec- men: USNM 46586. 183 Crotalus tigris Kennicott Tiger Rattlesnake 193 Figure 57, Map 23 194 1859. Crotalue tigris Kennicott, in Baird, Repts. of Boundary, U. S. 195 Mex. Boundary, Surv., vol. 2, p. 1. Type locality: Sierra Verde and Pozo Verde, Sonora, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 471. Crotalus tortugensis Van Denburgh and Slevin Tortuga Island Diamond Rattlesnake Figure 58, Maps 2b & 24 1921. Crotalus tortugeneie Van Denburgh and Slevin, Proc. Calif. Acad. Page 124 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bul078 4, cm Ss. ‘de id. ety. Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1830. 1931. 1940. 1952. 1940, Sci., ser. 4, vol. 11, no. 17, p. 398. Type locality: Tortuga Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; type specimen: CAS 50515. Crotalus transversus Taylor Cross-Banded Mountain Rattlesnake Figure 59, Map 25 Crotalus transvereus Taylor, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 30, part 1, no. 4, p. 47. Type locality: near Tres Marias (= Tres Cumbres), about 55 km. southwest of Mexico, D.F. in Morelos, Mex- ico, elevation about 10,000 ft.; type specimen: EHT-HMS 30001. Crotalus triseriatus triseriatue (Wagler) Central-Plateau Dusky Rattlesnake Figure 60, Map 26 Uropsophus triseriatus Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 176. Type locality: Mexico; type specimen: originally inthe Konig. Univers. zu Berlin collection. Type locality subsequently restricted to Alvarez, San Luis Potosf, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 342. Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus (Part) Klauber, in Githens and George, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 33. Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus (Part) Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci. spec. pub. 4, p. 8h, Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus (Part) Klauber, Bull. Zo8l. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 19. Crotalus triseriatue anahuacus Gloyd Montane Dusky Rattlesnake Figure 61, Map 26 Crotalus triseriatus anahuacus (Part) Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci. spec. Sis reeetetion mot vs nce 6. t, enteriatue, a6 gow defined and at Klasber (1956) polnted out, doer not range Unto Sen Lats Rote Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 125pub. 4,p. 91. Type locality: Valley of Mexico; type specimen: MCZ 33681. Type locality subsequently restricted to Coyoacan, Dis~ trito Federal, Mexico, by Smith andTaylgr, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 329. Crotalus triseriatus ssp. Western Dusky Rattlesnake Figure 62 (Description forthcoming) Crotalus triseriatus quadrangularie® subsp. nov. Hidalgan Dusky Rattlesnake Figure 63, Map 26 1952. Crotalus triseriatus aquilue (Part) Klauber, Bull. Zod1. Soc. San Diego, no. 26, p. 2h. 1956. Crotalus triseriatus aquilus (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 4h. 1972. Crotalus triseriatus aquilus (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 49. Diagnois. —A small rattlesnake verysimilar In appearance to the larger 7. aquilus but differing in head shape, body proportions and in having a higher number of rectangular dorsal body blotches, witha one scale space between them. C. aguélue generally has fewer body blotches with 2 or more scales between eachblotch. It can also be separated from C. aquilus in havinga prominent anddistinctive dark ocular stripe contrasting above as in C. triseriatus, whereas, in C. aquilus the dark ocular stripe is usually similar to that found in Cc. Zepidus. The character states used to separate C. t. quadrangularis from C. aquilus in their order of importance are: more than 36 body blotches} generally only1 scale between blotches instead of 2 or more; supraocular arched, not flat; generally 3 or more prefoveals instead of 2 or less; prenasal curves under postnasal preventing contact of postnasal and first supralabial, instead of postnasal having broad contact with first supra~ labial; head scales bordering supraoculars dorsally total 17 or more, Srna rastetetion tnnot Justified stnethle frmls anontane spncinacatrietedtahigherelovationg. it willbe dseissed In forthecnogpeoe" Page 126 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Tec 67¢ 12: Des 12 rou ant in sup Siz 148 27- i. (coi Vy « fem (me fov Gen: to | Jon: era Tai rat Ban Jaci pan: eves Bul!078, (CZ is Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 instead of 16 or less (this isnot counting upper preocular or upper post- cular); first infralabials generally curve down between the genials inc stead of just meeting them; strong contrast between upper edge of post- ocular stripe and rest of head [color sexual dimorphism is apparent in a number of populations of C. aquilus (a C. lepidus characteristic’), the males being green andthe females gray. In these males, there usually is strong contrast above the postocular stripe]. C. t. quadrangularés also differs from C. aquitus in not having the occassional mal-colored scale in thethroat region (a C. Lepidus characteristic) and Inobtaining a smaller adult size, C. €. quadvangularie can be separated from. ¢. triseriatua in having a larger rattle size as was indicated by Klauber for C. aquélue. Klauber's type series containedboth 0. ¢. quadrangularis and C. aqui lus which in preserative are almost impossible to separate. Type Specimens. — Holotype: RS 1233 HSH/RSS (NHSM), an adult male col- ected September 1973, 3mi SW Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico at anelevation of 6700" by Barry Armstrong. Paratypes: RS 1088, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1234 HSH/RSS (NHSM); PAS 11683, 11684, 14769; SDSNH 46795; ‘USNM 140070. Description of theType Specimens, —Holotype: 457 mm total length, 41.5 mm tail Tength, 23 scale rows at midbody, 156 ventrals, 27 subcaudals, 12 supralabials, 11 infralabials, a total of 19 dorsal head scales sur— rounding supralabials (not counting upper preocularsor upper postoculars) , anterior subocular contacts 4th and 5th supralabial, 40 body blotches, 6 tail bands, upper preocular single, prefoveals 3/4, 1 loreal, 6 scales in the internasal prefrontal area, min. number of scales between the Supraoculars 2, 2 preoculars, 10 rattle fringe scales. The following summary of the type specimens Includes the holotype: Size, max. 508 mm, min. 194mm. Scale rows 23 at midbody; ventrals, males 148-158 (mean 154.6), females 152-158 (mean 155.7); subcaudals, males 27-29 (mean 28.0), females 20-25 (mean 22.0); supralabials, males 11-12 (mean 11.6), females 11-13 (mean 12.1); infralabials, males 10-12 (mean 11.1), females 11-12 (mean 11,4); dorsal headscales around supraoculars (counting both sides as total) 14-20 (mean 17.1); anterior subocular general- ly contacts 4 and5 supralabials; body blotches, males 35-41 (mean 38.2), females 37-48 (mean 40.4); tail blotches, males 5-7 (mean 5.8), females 3-7 (mean 5.1); tail length as percent of total length, males 9.08-10,06 (mean 9.45), females 6.70-7.92 (mean 7.45); upper preoculars single; pre- foveals 2-5 (mean 3.2); loreals 1; rattle fringe scales 8-10 (mode 10). General groundcolor in life, varies from light grey through greyish-green to brown. The dorsal blotches, usually rectangular, are seldom indented longintudinal but may be indented on the sides. The blotches are gen- erally out-lined with black, however, two specimens arewithout melanin. Tail color is usually lighter than ground color at least ventrally. The rattle matrix is brown and dotted with dark brown to black. Range, — Known only at present fromMinas Viejas, 3 mi, 18 mi, SW Jacala, Jacala, Zacualtipan all “in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. 'C. t. quad. rangularis does not appear to be smypatric with C. aquélus. uy bantam fan Sl. toe vole 3H a te ele Et eeoaritats tothe Heaton std ois ir tears no egcie wf. eles ter eel "evotatuslapldn ae ootatue etserint are dah aed Toe Gait, Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 1271887. 1972. 1941. 1956. 1966. 1818. 1936. Crotalus unicolor van Lidth de Jeude Aruba istand Rattlesnake Figure 64, Map 8 Crotalus horridus var. untcolor van Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyden Mus.,vol. 9, no. 8, p. 133. Type locality: Aruba Island, Nether- lands West Indies; type specimen: Leyden Mus. 613 and 1579. Crotalus unicolor Harris and Simmons, Bull. Md. Herp. Soc., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 27. Crotalus vegrandis Klauber Uracoan Rattlesnake Figure 65, Map 8 Crotalus vegrandis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, no. 30, p. 334. Type locality: Maturfn Savannah, near Uracoa, Sotillo District, state of Monagas, Venezuela; type specimen: CN 17384. Crotalus duriesus vegrandis Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 34. Crotalus vegrandis; Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 32, p. 145, 1965. Crotalus viridis viridis (Rafinesque) Prairie Rattlesnake Figure 66, Map 27 Crotalinue viridie Rafinesque, Amer. Month. Mag. & Crit. Rev vol. 4,no. 1, p. 41. Type locality: The Upper Missouri (Valley); type specimen: none designated. Type locality subsequently re~ stricted to Gross, Boyd County, Nebraska, by Smith and Taylor, 1950. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 358. Crotalus viridie viridis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 2, p. 191. Page 128 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society 19 19 19 187 19! Bu:78 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1930. 1936. 1949, 1875. 1949. Crotalus viridie abyeeus Klauber Grand Canyon Rattlesnake Figure 67, Map 27 Crotalus confluentus abyssus Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, no. 3, p. 114, Type locality: Tanner Trail, 300 ft. below the south rim of the Grand Canyon, Coconino County, Arizona; type specimen: LMK 2216. Crotalus viridieabyesue Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 20, p. 191. Crotalus viridis caliginis Klauber Coronado Island Rattlesnake Figure 68, Map 27 Crotalus viridis caliginis Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 90. Type locality: South Coronado Is- land, northwest coast of Baja California, Mexico; type specimen: LMK 2800. Crotalus viridis cerberus (Coues) Arizona Black Rattlesnake Figure 69, Map 27 Caudisona lucifer var. cerberus Coues, Surv. W. of 100th Merid. (Wheeler), vol. 5, chap. 5, p. 606, Type locality: San Francisco Mountains, CoconinoCounty, Arizona; type specimens: field numbers 509 (= PANS 70857) and 511 (= PANS 7088). Crotalus viridis cerberus Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 83. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 129Crotalus viridis concolor Woodbury Midget Faded Rattlesnake Figure 70, Map 27 1929. Crotalus concolor Woodbury, Bull. Univ. Utah, vol. 20, no. 6, p- 1935. (2). Type locality: King's Ranch, at the base of the Henry Houn- tains, Garfield County, Utah; type specimen: Utah 306. 1936. Crotalus viridée concolor Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. 1936. Hist., vol. 8, no. 20, p. 191. 1940. Crotalue viridis decolor Gloyd, Chi. Acad. Sci. spec. pub. 4, p. 216. 1972. Crotalus viridis concolor Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 518 Crotalus viridis helleri Meek Southern Pacific Rattlesnake 18h0, Figure 71, Map 27 1905. Crotalus helleri Meek, Field Col. Mus., Zool. Ser., vol. 7, no. 1, pub. 104, p. 7. Type locality: San Jose, Baja California, Mexico; type specimen: CNHM 1272. 1949. 1949. Crotalus viridishelleri Klauber, Trans. San DiegoSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 77+ Crotalus viridis lutosus Klauber Great Basin Rattlesnake Figure 72, Map 27 1930. Crotalus confluentus lutosus Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc., Nat. 1905. Hist., vol. 6, no. 3, p. 100. Type locality: 10 miles northwest of Abraham on the road to Joy, Millard County, Utah; type speci- men: LMK 1814, 1936. Crotalus viridie lutosus Klauber, Trans. SanDiego Soc. Nat. Hist., | 1949. vol. 8, no. 20, p. 191. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bulle378 Pe in- te O. sty Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Crotalus viridis nuntiue Klauber Hopi Rattlesnake Figure 73, Map 27 1935. Crotalus confluentus nuntius Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 13, p. 78. Type locality: Canyon Diablo, Co- conino County, Arizona; type specimen: LMK 3105. 1936. talus viridis nuntius Klauber, Trans. SanDiego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, no. 20, p. 191. Crotalus viridis oreganus Holbrook Northern Pacific Rattlesnake Figure 74, Map 27 1840. Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, North Amer. Herp., ed. 1, vol. 4, p. 115. Type locality: banks of the Oregon or Columbia River; type specimen: PANS 7158. Type locality subsequently restricted to The Dalles, Wasco County, Oregon, by Smith andTaylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 360. 1949. Crotalus viridis oreganus Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 6, p. 67. Crotalus willardi willardi Meek Arizona Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake Figure 75, Map 28 1905. Crotalus willardi Meek, FieldColumbian Mus., pub. 10h, Zool. Ser., vol. 7,no. 1,p. 18. Type locality: above Hamburg, Middle branch of Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona; type specimen: CNHM 902. 1949. Crotalus willard: willardi Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 8, p. 125. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 131Volume i4 Number? i Crotalus willardi amabilis Anderson Del Nido Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake Figure 76, Map 28 1962. Crotalus willardi anabilis Anderson, Copeia, no. 1, p. 160. Type locality: Arroyo Nesteto, Sierra del Nido, Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation 8,500 ft.; type specimen MVZ 68896. Crotalis willardi meridionalis Kiauber Southern Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake Figure 77, Map 28 1949. Crotalus willardi meridionalie Klauber, Trans. San Diego, Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, no. 8, p. 131. Type locality: Coyotes, Dur- ango, Mexico, elevation 8,000 ft.; type specimen: LMK 6569. Crotalus willardi obseurus Harris New Mexican Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake Figure 78, Hap 28 1974. Crotalus willardi obscurus Harris, Natl. Parks andConserv. Nag., vol. 48, no. 3, p. 23. 9 1976. Crotalus willardi obscurus Harris and Simmons”, Bull. Md. Herp. Soc., vol. 12,no. 1, p. 5. Type locality: Upper end Indian Creek Canyon, Animas Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico; type spec~ imen: USNN 195546 (Formal description). Crotalus willardi situs Klauber West Chihuahua Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake Figure 79, Map 28 in ahworioinat paper (att Page 132 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society | nape, vols 8, no. 3, ps 23) Slomons was Snnavereetly Tet off as an author by the efltor(s). 1949 +976 1818 1900 1853 1955 1823 Bull78 ir pe 2ek c~ ste) sty Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1949, 1818. 1900. 1853. 1955. 1823. Crotalus willardi situs Klauber, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 11,no, 8,p. 128. Type locality: Rio Gavilan, 7 miles south- west Pacheco, Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation 6,200 ft.; type spec- imen: HVZ 46694. Crotalus willardi situs; Harris andSimmons, Bull. Md. Herp. Soc., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 3+ Sistrurus catenatus catenatus (Raf inesque) Eastern Massasauga Figure 80, Map 29 Crotalinus catenatus Rafinesque, Amer. Month. Mag. & Crit. Rev., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 41. Type locality: prairies of the Upper Mis- souri; type specimen: none designated. Type locality restricted to Kansas City, Missouri, by Schmidt, 1953, p. 226. Sietrurus catenatus catenatue Cope, Rept. U.S.Nat. Mus. for 1898, p. 1146. Sietrurus catenatus edwardeti (Baird and Girard) Desert Massasauga Figure 81, Map 29 Crotalophorus edvardsii Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept., part 1, p. 15. Type locality: Tamaulipas, Mexico; type specimen: USNM 507, Steteurys catenatus edwardst Gloyd, Bull. Chi. Acad. Sci., vol. 10, p. 84. Sistrurus catenatus tergeminie (Say) Western Massasauga Figure 82, Hap 29 Crotalus tergeminus Say, inLong's Exped. fromPittsburgh to Rocky Mts., edited by Edwin James, vol. 1, p. 499, footnote. Type lo- Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 133cality: between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains; type specimen: none designated. Type locality subsequently re- stricted to Winfield, Cowley County, Kansas by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull, vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 358. 1936. Sietrurue catenatustergeminus Klauber, Occ. Papers San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., no. 1, p. 6 Sistrurus miliarius miliarius (Linnaeus) Carolina Pigmy Rattlesnake Figure 83, Map 30 1766. Crotalus miliariue Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, p. 372. Type locality: Carolina; type specimen: received by Linnaeus from Alex- ander Garden, disposition unknown. 1935. Ststrurue miliartuemiliarius Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zo6!., Univ. Mich., no. 322, p. 4. Sietrurus miliarius barbouri Gloyd Dusky Pigmy Rattlesnake Figure 84, Map 30 1935. Sistrurus miliarius barbourt Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 322,p. 2. Type locality: Royal Palm Hammock, 12 miles west of Homestead, DadeCounty, Florida; type specimen: MCZ 12512. Sistrurus miliarius streckert Gloyd Western Pigmy Rattlesnake Figure 85, Map 30 1935. Stetrurus miliariusstreckeri Gloyd, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 322, p. 4. Type locality: near Imboden, Lawrence Co- unty, Arkansas; type specimen: MZUM 76751. Page 134 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society978 1S 5 te~ Or, 3c. Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Stetrurus ravus ravus (Cope) Mexican Plgmy Rattlesnake Figure 86, Map 31 1865. Crotalus ravus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 17, no. 4, p. 191. Type locality: tableland of Mexico; type specimens: USNM 25050-1. Type locality subsequently restricted to Totalco, Veracruz, by Smith andTaylor, 1950, Univ. Kans. ScI. Bull., vol. 33, part 2, no. 8, p. 351. 1896. Sistrurus ravus Boulenger, Cat. SnakesBrit. Mus.,vol. 3, p. 571. Sistrurus ravue brumneus' subsp. nov. Oaxacan Pigmy Rattlesnake Figure 87, Map 31 1972. Ststrurue ravue (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 57. Diagnois. — A moderately sized rattlesnake differing from both s.r. vavus and S. r. lutescens in being a reddish browncolor dorsally and in generally having ten rattle fringe scales (at least in males). Both S. P. ravus and 5. r. lutescene generally have eight rattle fringe scales. This subspecies is geographically separated from both S. r. ravue and S. ». Zutescens thus Its separation seems logical. Specimens. —Holotype: AMNH 102916, an adultmale collected 1.7 mi. E Ixtlan de Judrez (Vivero RanchoTeja), Oaxaca, Mexico inPine-oak wood- land, at an elevation of 7400 ft. by Boone Hallberg in June 1968. Para~ types: AMNH 65174-5, 89636-7, 93226-7, 100841-2, 102915, 104404, USNM 46555 and 46609. Description of the Type Specimens. — Holotype: 640 mm total length, 65 mm tail length, 25 scale rows at midbody, 148 ventrals, 30 subcaudals, 12/12 supralabials, 11/12 infralabials, anterior subocular contacts 4th and 5th supralabials, 4 scales inthe internasal prefrontal area, 38 body blotches, 7 tail bands and 10 rattle fringe scales. The following summary of the type specimens includes the holotype: Size, max. 640 mm, min. 187 mm. Scale rows 21-25 (mode 23) at midbody, 3 specimens have 21, 1 has 22, 8 have 23 and 1 has 25; ventrals, males 137-155 (mean 147.6); subcaudals, males 24-33 (mean 29.3), female 21; supralablals, males 11-12 (mean 11.6), female 10; infralabials, males 10-13: (mean 11.6), female 11; body blotches, males 33-42 (mean 36.1), Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 135female 30; tail length as percent of total length, males 10.1, female 9.6; rattle fringe scales 10 (males), the only female available to us had 8, Range. — Known only from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. 7 WW Stetrurue ravus lutescens subsp. nov. Montane Pigmy Rattlesnake Figure 88, Map 31 1972. Stetrurus ravus (Part) Klauber, Rattlesnakes, vol. 1, p. 57. Diagnois. —A large Sistrurue ravue havinga brown togolden-brown dorsal coloration with darker brownblotches and a fairly uniform tan togolden- yellow venter. This ventral color extends up onto the labials. The labials are unpigmented with dark pigment, in contrast to S. 7. ravus which generally has dark stippling on the labials particularily at the sutures. It can further be separated from S. v. ravue in having the brown color dorsally instead of grey. The blotches of S. r. lutescens in general are less squarish than in S. r. ravue. From S. 7. brunneue, it can be separated by generally having fewer rattle fringe scales, 8 instead of 10. Type Specimens. —Holotype: UCM 9124, an adult male collected at Huitz- Tlac, Morelos, Mexico by T. Paul Maslin on 16 July 1956. Paratypes: UCH 9125, RS 831, 844, 853, 994, 1227, 1228 HSH/RSS (NHSM). Description of the Type Specimens. — Holotype: 664 mm total length, 63 mmetall length, 21 scale rons ar midbody, 186 ventrals, 31 subcaudals, 11/12 supralabials, 12/12 infralabials, anterior subocular contacts 4th and 5th supralabials, 4 scales in the internasal prefrontal area, 32 body blotches, 5 tail bands, and 8 rattle fringe scales. The following summary of the type specimens includes the holotype: Size, max. 759 mm, min. 286 mm. Scale rows generally 21 at midbody, 5 specimens have 21 rows, 3 specimens have 23 rows; ventrals, males 141- 146 (mean 143.3), females 141-148 (mean 144.3); subcaudals, males 27-31 (mean 29.0), females 21-28 (mean 25.0); supralabials 11-13 (mean 11.7); infralabials 9-12 (mean 11.1); body blotches 31-34 (mean 32.4); tail length as percent of total length,males 9.35, females 8.58; rattle fringe scales 8-9 (mode 8). The general dorsal coloration is brown to golden- brown with darker brown blotches dorsally; there are smaller secondary blotches laterally which are centered off the primary blotches. The supra- labials and venter are tan to golden-yellow; the supralabials lacking all darker stippling. Range. — Known only from the vicinity of Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico at an elevation from about 2800-3000 meters. Page 136 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Fig Fig Bullaor Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 male Sistrurus ravus ssp. 0 us Guerreran Pigmy Rattlesnake Map 31 (Description forthcoming by others) ‘sal len- The wue the the ens us y 2 8 tz- ucM Figure 1. Crotalus adamanteus, specimen from near Lakeland, Polk Co., Florida. 63 Is, hth 32 pe: in- -31 ail nge en ary ra ing ‘Sia Crotalus atroz, specimen fromCoch!se Co., Arizona (72-7 HSH/ RSS). Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society at : Figure 2. sty Page 137Figure 3. Crotalue aquilus, specimen fromixtapalapa, D.F., Mexico (71- Figu 26 HSH/RSS) . Figure 4. Crotalus bastliecus bastliecus, specimen from nr. San Blas, pra Nayarit, Mexico (RS 802 HSH/RSS). BD. Page 138 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bull1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 n- Figure 5. Crotalus bastliecue caxacue, specimen from 25 mi NW Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico (76-22 HSH/RSS) . Sy :, Figure 6. Crotalus catalineneis, specimen from|sla SantaCatalina, Gulf of California, Baja Sur, Mexico (71-181 HSH/RSS) . ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 139Figure 7. Crotalus cerastes cerastes, specimen from Mojave, Kern Co., Fig California (RS 892 HSH/RSS) . Figure 8. Crotalue cerastes cercobombus, specimen from AvraValley, Pima Figt Co., Arizona (RS 924 HSH/RSS: Page 140 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bul:x 197g Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 to., Figure 9. Crotalus cerastes laterorepene, specimen from south of Twen- tynine Palms, San Bernardino Co., California (71-9 HSH/RSS) S ‘ ieee nal Figure 10. Crotalus durtseue durissus, specimen from Guatemala (RS 1106 HSH/RSS) . ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 141Figure 11a. Crotalus durissus cascavella, photograph courtesy Dr. A. R. Fig Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1972 363196). Figure 11b. Crotalus duriseus caseavella, drawings courtesy Dr. A. R. Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1966 (1965), 32:176). Specimen from Mina Caraiba, Bahia, Brasil (Neotype: IBH 23 400). Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bul: Fig Page 142978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 ee Se R. Figure 12a. Crotalus durissus colltlineatue, photograph courtesy Dr. A 72 R. Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Men. Inst. Butantan, 1972, 36:198). GOT Re Figure 12b. Crotalue durissus collilineatus, drawings courtesy Dr. A.R. 66 Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem, Inst. Butantan, 1966 il (1965), 32:177. Specimen fromBrasflia, Ter. Federal, brasil (1BH 23 005). ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 143Figure 13. Crotalus durieeus culminatue, specimen from Aquila, Michoacan, Mexico (RS 896 HSH/RSS) . i Figure 14. Crotalus durtesue cumanenets, spectmen from near Baranquilla, Colombia (RS 823 HSH/RSS) . Page 144 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society ee Fig Figu Bull978 Ey Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Figure 15. Crotalus duriseus dryinas, drawings courtesy Dr. A. R. Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1966 (i965), 32:178). Specimen from the Guianas. Figure 16. Crotalus durissue marajoensis, drawings courtesy Dr. A. R. Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1966 (1965), 32:179). Specimen from Ilha de Marajé, State Pard, Brasil. Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 145B3. Figure 17. Crotalus duriseus neoleonensia, spectmen from Las Adjuntas, Santiago, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico. [Type Specimen UANL 463 (Univ. Nuevo Leén)]. Photograph by Carlos H. Trevino, courtesy Ernest A. Liner. Figure e 2d Figure 18a. Crotalus durissus ruruima, photograph courtesy Dr. A. R. Hoge and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1972, 36: ; 200). Figure Page 146 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bullet1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 es Figure 18b. Crotalue durissus ruruima, drawings courtesy Dr. A. R. Hoge ee and Instituto Butantan (from Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1966(1965) , nest 32:180). Specimen from Paulo Camp. Mt. Roraima, Venezuela (Holotype: AMNH 36 056). oge I ys ao re Phhy 36: 7 | Figure 19. Crotalus durissus terrifieus, specimen from Paraguay (73-19 = HSH/RSS) « Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 147woe Figure 20. Crotalus durissus totonacus, specimen fromNr. Gonzalez, Tam- aulipas, Mexico (RS 1129 HSH/RSS) . Figu Figure 21. Crotalue durissus trigontcus, specimen from the Rupununi Figu Savannahs, Guyana (Holotype: RS 907 HSH/RSS) . Page 148 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bolte1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 ia Figure 22. Crotatue durtgsus tacboan, spectnenfrom nearMartda, Yucatén, Mexico (RS 946 HSH/RSS) . Figure 23. Crotalue enyo enyo, specimen from betweenLaPaz and} ‘Truf tno, Baja Sur, Mexico (71-14 HSH/RSS) . ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Societyoa eepremer i216 Vol Figure 24. Crotalus enyo corralvensis, specimen fromisla Cerralvo, Gulf | Figt of California, Baja Sur, Hexico (75-38 HSH/RSS) . Figure 25. Crotalus enyo furvus, specimen from near Rosarto, Baja del Ftou Norte, Mexico (RS 926 HSH/RSS) . OD Page 150 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bull1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Gulf Figure 26. Crotalus exsul, specimen from Isla Cedros, off. the Pacific Coast of Baja California, Mexico (RS 1040 HSH/RSS). at Figure 27. Crotalus horvtdus horrtdus, specimen from near Thurmont, Fred- erick Co., Maryland (74-1 HSH/RSS). ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 151ee wepremmer anf VOLUME Figure 28. Crotalus horridue atricaudatus, specimen from NE of Hardee- ville, Jasper Co., South Carolina (76-5 HSH/RSS) . Figure 29. Crotalue intermediue intermedius, specimen from Cofré de Figure Perote, Veracruz, Mexico (RS 977 HSH/RSS). Page 152 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bullet1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 ae, Mtoe: dee- Figure 30 Crotalus intermedius gloydt, specimen from Suchixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico (RS 1163 HSH/RSS) e Figure 31. Crotalus intermediue omiltemanus, specimen from Nr. Omilteme, Guerrero, Mexico (RS 1005 HSH/RSS) . ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 153oepremer .215 iclins Figure 32. A dorsal view of the head of Crotalus Lannomi (Holotype, BYU No. 23800) collected 1.8 mi W of the pass, Puerto Los Mazos on Mexican Highway No. 80, Jalisco, Mexico. Illustration | courtesy of Wilmer W. Tanner and the Herpetologists' League. | Fig (Taken from Herpetologica 22(4) :299). | Figure 33. Crotalus lepidue Lepidus, specimen from Fort Davis, Jeff Davis Fig Co., Texas (RS 928 HSH/RSS). Page 154 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bull:1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 BYU ‘azos tion gue. Figure 34. Crotalus lepidue klaubert, specimen from southern Zacatecas, Mexico (71-25 HSH/RSS). is Figure 35. Crotalus Lepidue macutosus, specimen from 16 mi W Durango - Sinaloa StateLine, Sinaloa, Mexico (Paratype: RS 951 HSH/RSS) . ty Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Pace 155Figure Figure 36. Crotalue Lepidus morulus, specimen from mountains SESan Fran- : cisco, Tamaulipas, Mexico. (72-68 HSH/RSS). | | Figure 37. Crotalus mitchellit mitchellii, specimen from Nr. Buena Vista, | Figure | Baja Sur, Mexico (RS 845 HSH/RSS) . - Page 156 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society | BulletNolume 14 Number 3 september sag Vol Figure 4h. Crotalus molossus nigrescens, specimen fromnear Perote, Ver- Fig acruz, Mexico (72-30 HSH/RSS) . Figure 45. Grotatus polyetiotua, specinen fron North of Tapalpa, Jal sco, fr Mexico (R 678 HSH/RSS) . EC Page 160 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bul1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Ver- | Figure 46. Crotalue pricet pricet, specimen from Setrra de Los Ajos, | Sonora, Mexico, (RS 983 HSH/RSS). | | 3COy Figure 47. Crotalus pricetmiquthuanus, specimen fromCerro Potosf, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico (74-14 HSH/RSS). lety Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 161Volume i4 Number 3 September 1978 Vol Figure 48. Crotalue pust2lus, specimen frombetween Uruapan andTancftaro, Fig Michoacén, Mexico (73-48 HSH/RSS) . Figure 49, Crotalus ruberruber, spectmen from nr. Los Angeles, California. neat Page 162 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bullr 1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Figure 50. Crotalus ruberelegane, specimen fromisla Angel de la Guarda, taro, | | Gulf of California, Baja del Norte, Mexico (74-0 HSH/RSS) . Figure 51. Crotalus ruber lorenacensia, specimen from San Lorenzo Sur, Gulf of California, Baja del Norte, Mexico (77-47 HSH/RSS). Bulletin Marvland Herpetological Society Dane 167Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Vol Figure 52. Crotalue ruber lucasensis, specimen from LaPaz, Baja Sur, Figt Mexico (RS 947 HSH/RSS), Figure 53. Crotalus ruber monserratensta ssp. nov., specimen from Isla Monserrate, Gulf of California, Baja Sur, Mexico (Paratype: Figu RS 1226 HSH/RSS) . Page 164 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bull1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 sur, Figure 54. Crotalus seutulatus ecutulatue, specimen from Nevada (75-27 HSH/RSS) . Isla pe: Figure 55. Crotalus seutulatus salvint, specimen fromnear Perote, Vera~ cruz, Mexico (RS 787 HSH/RSS). a pRriletin warlen’ Harnetainginanl Gantetes Dene TCEVolume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Volv Figure 56. Crotalus stejnegeri, specimen from East of Concordia, Sinaloa, Figu Mexico (RS 901 HSH/RSS). Figure 57. Crotalus tigris, specimen from Canyon Lake, Martcopa Co., Figu Arizona (71-41°HSH/RSS) sete Page 166 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bulle978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 joa, | Figure 58. Crotalus tortugensis, specimen from Isla Tortuga, Gulf of | California, Mexico (RS 828 HSH/RSS) . | Co., | Figure 59. Crotalus transversus, specimen fromNr. Laguna Zempoala, México, | Mexico (RS 1087 HSH/RSS). oa Bulletin Marvland Herpetological Society Pace 167Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 =“ aa F Figure 60. Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus, specimen fromDistrict Fed im. eral, México, Mexico (RS 1058 HSH/RSS). Figure 61. Crotalus triseriatus anahuacus, spectmen from Laguna Zempoa~ Figu la, México, Mexico (72-96 HSH/RSS). Bull Page 168 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society1978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 Figure 62. Crotalus triseriatus ssp., specimen from Tapalpa, Jalisco, eae Nexico (RS 999 HSH/RSS) Figure 63. Crotalue triseriatus quadrangularis ssp. nov., specimen from near Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico (Paratype: RS 1232 HSH/RSS) . Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 169 poa- etyvonee ae Munber September 1978 Fi Figure 64. Crotalus unteolor, specimen from Santa Cruz, Aruba, off the ae coast of Venezuela (RS 776 HSH/RSS). r . Figur Figure 65. Crotalus vegrandie, specimen from near Tremblador, Monagas, Venezuela (72-58 HSH/RSS) . hile Page 170 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological SocietyVolume 14 Number 3 September 1978 1978 i i , i | he | Figure 66. Crotalus viridie viridis, specimen from an unknown locality eae | (75-40 HSH/RSS) . i i i ‘ i i i as, | Figure 67. Crotalus viridis abyssus, specimen from Havasupt Canon, Co- ass conino Co., Arizona {71-128 HSH/RSS). Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 171Figure 68. Crotalus vi: idie caliginie, specimen from Isla Coronado Sur, off the Pacific coast of Bajadel Norte, Mexico (RS974 HSH/RSS) . Flgu Figure 69. Crotalus viridis cerberus, specimen from Molina Basin, Pima fy Co., Arizona (RS 781 HSH/ASS) - oa Page 172 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bulk3978 Volume 14 Number 3 September 1978 sur, 53) Figure 70. Crotalus viridie concolor, specimen from North of Hoab, Utah (73-11 HSH/RSS) . Figure 71. Crotalus viridis helleri, specimen from between Los Angeles and San Diego on Coast, California (71-51 HSH/RSS). Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Page 173—~ ee ee OE Figure 72. Crotalus viridis lutoaus, specimenfrom North of Grand Canyon, Figur Cononico Co., Arizona (71-53 HSH/RSS) . Figure 73. Crotalus viridie muntius, specimen from North of Winslow, Figu Aavago Co., Arizona (RS 1092 HSH/RSS) . Page 174 Bulletin Maryland Herpetological Society Bulr