Designation: B 695 – 04

Standard Specification for

Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope B 322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a coating B 487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
of zinc mechanically deposited on iron and steel basis metals. Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of a
The coating is provided in several thicknesses up to and Cross Section
including 107 µm. The seven thickest classes are usually B 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thick-
referred to as “mechanically galvanized.” nesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the Magnetic Basis Metals
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the B 571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Coatings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- B 602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Inorganic Coatings
B 697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
NOTE 1—The performance of this coating complies with the require- of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
ments of Specification A 153/A 153M and MIL-C-81562.
B 762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Inorganic Coatings
standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units are given for F 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-
informational purposes. cal Properties and Performance Inspection
2.2 Military Standard:
2. Referenced Documents MIL-C-81562 Coating, Cadmium, Tin Cadmium and Zinc
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 (Mechanically Deposited)3
A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot–Dip) 2.3 AISC Standard:
on Iron and Steel Hardware Specifications for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or
A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel A 490 Bolts4
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Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature

Service, or Both 3. Classification
A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat 3.1 Classes—Zinc coatings are classified on the basis of
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength thickness, as follows:
A 490 Specification for Heat-Treated, Steel Structural Class Minimum Thickness, µm
Bolts, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength 110 107
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts 80 81
70 69
B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus 65 66
B 183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for 55 53
50 50
Electroplating
40 40
B 242 Practice for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for 25 25
Electroplating 12 12
8 8
5 5
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on 3.2 Types—Zinc coatings are identified by types on the
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.08.04 on Light Metals. basis of supplementary treatment required, as follows:
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as B 695 – 00.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.
the ASTM website. Wacker Dr., Suite 3100, Chicago, IL 60601-2001.

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 B 695 – 04
Type I—As coated, without supplementary treatment (Ap- with Practice B 242. In general, nonelectrolytic alkaline,
pendix X2.1). anodic-alkaline, and some inhibited acid cleaners are preferred
Type II—With colored chromate conversion treatment (Ap- to avoid the risk of producing hydrogen embrittlement from the
pendix X2.2). cleaning procedure.
6.2.3 For low-carbon steels, see Practice B 183. Useful
4. Ordering Information guidelines are also given in Guide B 322.
4.1 Supplying the following information by the purchaser to 6.2.4 Mechanical deposition of zinc coatings shall consist,
the seller in the purchase order or other governing document in general, of all of the steps listed below, and in the sequence
will make the application of this specification complete: as shown:
4.1.1 Class, including a maximum thickness, if appropriate, 6.2.4.1 Preparation of the surface of the parts to be coated,
type, and for Type II, color and need for supplemental lubricant by chemical (generally acidic) procedure to an extent that
(3.1, 3.2, and 6.2.5), permits uniformly satisfactory results from subsequent steps.
4.1.2 Nature of substrate (for example, high-strength steel), 6.2.4.2 Deposition of a thin metal coating, generally of
need for stress relief (6.2.1), and cleaning precautions to be copper, by immersion in appropriate chemical solutions, with-
followed (6.2.2 and 6.2.3), out the use of electric current. There are no thickness require-
4.1.3 Significant surfaces (6.3), ments for this coating.
4.1.4 Requirements for and methods of testing for one or 6.2.4.3 Tumbling of the parts that have been treated accord-
more of the following, if required: need for and type of test ing to 6.2.4.1 and 6.2.4.2 in a container with the following:
specimens (8.1), thickness (6.3 and 8.3), adhesion (6.4 and (1) The zinc metal to be deposited, in powder form;
8.4), corrosion resistance (6.5 and 8.5), absence of hydrogen
(2) Impact media, which includes glass, for example, or
embrittlement, and the waiting period before testing and testing
other substances that are essentially inert to the chemicals of
loads (6.6 and 8.6),
the deposition process. The function of this media is to aid in
4.1.5 Inspection responsibility (Section 11) and sampling
providing mechanical forces to drive the metal powder onto the
plan for each inspection criterion (Section 7), and
substrate parts;
4.1.6 Requirements for certified report of test results (Sec-
(3) A “promoter” or “accelerator” which aids in the
tion 10).
uniform deposition of the metal powder; and
5. Workmanship (4) A liquid medium, generally water.
5.1 The coating shall be uniform in appearance and free of 6.2.4.4 Separation of the parts from the solid and liquid
blisters, pits, nodules, flaking, and other defects that are media.
capable of adversely affecting the function of the coating. The 6.2.4.5 Rinsing.
coating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 6.3 including roots 6.2.4.6 Drying.
of threads, thread peaks, corners, recesses, and edges. The 6.2.5 Supplementary Treatments:
coating shall not be stained or discolored throughout to an 6.2.5.1 Colored Chromate Conversion Treatments (Type
extent capable of adversely affecting appearance as a func- II)—Colored chromate conversion treatment for Type II shall
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tional requirement. However, superficial staining, that results be done in a solution containing hexavalent chromium ions.
from rinsing or drying, and variations in color or luster shall This solution shall produce a bright or semi-bright continuous,
not be cause for rejection. smooth, protective film with a uniform color that is capable of
ranging from yellow through bronze and olive-drab to brown
NOTE 2—The nature of the mechanical plating process is such that
coatings characteristically will not be as smooth or as bright as some and black and that are capable of being dyed to a desired color.
electroplated coatings. Bright dips that do not contain salts that yield films containing
hexavalent chromium ions are precluded as treatments for
6. Requirements producing Type II coatings.
6.1 Appearance—The coating as deposited shall have a 6.2.5.2 Waxes, lacquers, or other organic coatings are not
uniform silvery appearance, and a matte to medium-bright prohibited from being used to improve lubricity, and the need
luster. for them shall be supplied in the purchase order or other
6.2 Process: governing document (see 4.1.1). Supplemental lubrication
6.2.1 Stress-Relief Treatment—All steel parts that have an treatments shall not be used to ensure conformance to the salt
ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and above and that spray corrosion resistance requirements (see 8.5.4).
contain tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding, 6.2.5.3 Lubrication of grade DH nuts processed in accor-
straightening, or cold-forming operation shall be given a dance with this specification and used with Specification A 325
stress-relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposi- high-strength bolts is a requirement of paragraph 6.5 of
tion. The temperature and time at temperature shall be 190 6 Specification A 325 and paragraph 4.8 of Specification A 563.
15°C for a minimum of 3 h so that maximum stress relief is
NOTE 3—Although not included in Specification A 194/A 194M, this
obtained without reducing the hardness below the specified provision should apply to mechanically galvanized A 194 2H nuts when
minimum. supplied for use with Specification A 325 bolts.
6.2.2 High-strength steels (which become embrittled when NOTE 4—Specifications for structural joints using Specification A 325
charged with hydrogen) and that have heavy oxide or scale or A 490 bolts references the use of lubricants on nuts to be used with
shall be cleaned before application of the coating in accordance Specification A 325 high-strength bolts and is found in the commentary on

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 B 695 – 04
this RCSC (Research Council on Structural Connections of the Engineer- 6.4 Adhesion—The zinc coating shall be sufficiently adher-
ing Foundation) Specification, within the paragraphs entitled “Effect Of ent to the basis metal to pass the tests specified in 8.4.
Galvanizing Upon Torque Involved In Tightening” and “Shipping Re- 6.5 Corrosion Resistance:
quirements For Galvanized Bolts and Nuts,” published November 1985,
page 30.4
6.5.1 The presence of corrosion products visible to the
unaided eye at normal reading distance at the end of the
6.2.6 Surface Defects—Defects and variations in appear- specified test periods stated in Table 1 shall constitute failure,
ance in the coating that arise from surface conditions of the except that corrosion products at edges of specimens shall not
substrate (scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.) and that constitute failure. Slight “whisps” of white corrosion, as
persist in the finish despite the observance of good metal opposed to obvious accumulations, shall be acceptable.
finishing practices shall not be cause for rejection.
NOTE 8—Mechanical deposition is exclusively a barrel-finishing pro-
NOTE 5—Applied finishes generally perform better in service when the cess. It is recognized that mechanical deposition on parts may therefore
substrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of torn metal, produce surfaces that have a different characteristic from those on parts
inclusions, pores, and other defects. It is recommended that the specifi- that are finished exclusively by racking. Similarly, corrosion testing of
cations covering the unfinished product provide limits for these defects. A actual parts may produce different results from those on test panels. Salt
metal finisher can often remove defects through special treatments, such spray requirements that are appropriate to indicate the technical quality
as grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, chemical treatments, and elec- with which a process is carried out may be impractical for acceptance of
tropolishing. However, these are not normal in the treatment steps actual parts. In such cases the purchaser shall indicate his requirements on
preceding the application of the finish. When desired they must be the purchase order (4.1.4).
specified on the purchase order (4.1.2). NOTE 9—In many instances, there is no direct relation between the
results of an accelerated corrosion test and the resistance to corrosion in
6.3 Thickness: other media, because several factors that influence the progress of
6.3.1 The thickness of the coating everywhere on the corrosion, such as the formation of protective films, vary greatly with the
significant surfaces shall be at least that of the specified class conditions encountered. The results obtained in the test should not,
as defined in 3.1. therefore, be regarded as a direct guide to the corrosion resistance of the
6.3.2 Significant surfaces are defined as those normally tested materials in all environments where these materials may be used.
Also, performance of different materials in the test cannot always be taken
visible (directly or by reflection) that are essential to the
as a direct guide to the relative corrosion resistance of these materials in
appearance or serviceability of the article when assembled in service.
normal position; or that are capable of providing the source of
corrosion products that deface visible surfaces on the as- 6.5.2 On parts with Type II coatings, the greater number of
sembled article. When necessary, the significant surfaces shall hours for either white corrosion products or rust shall apply.
be indicated on the drawing for the article, or by the provision For example, for Type II, Class 8, the test shall be continued
of suitably marked samples. until the 72-h requirement is met for white corrosion products;
similarly, for Type II, Class 25, if no white corrosion products
NOTE 6—The thickness of mechanically-deposited coatings varies from appear before 72 h, test shall be continued until the 192-h
point-to-point on the surface of a product, characteristically tending to be requirement for basis metal corrosion is met (8.5.2).
thicker on flat surfaces and thinner at exposed edges, sharp projections,
6.6 Absence of Hydrogen Embrittlement—Springs and other
shielded or recessed areas, interior corners and holes, with such thinner
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areas often being exempted from thickness requirements. high-strength parts subject to flexure shall be held for a
minimum of 48 h at room temperature after coating before
6.3.3 When significant surfaces are involved on which the being loaded, flexed, or used. Such high-strength steel parts
specified thickness of deposit cannot readily be controlled, it is shall be free of hydrogen embrittlement. When specified in the
incumbent upon the purchaser and manufacturer to recognize purchase order, freedom from embrittlement shall be deter-
the necessity for either thicker or thinner deposits. For ex- mined by the test specified herein (4.1.4 and 8.6).
ample, to reduce buildup in thread roots, holes, deep recesses,
bases of angles, and similar areas, the deposit thickness on the 7. Sampling
more accessible surfaces will have to be reduced proportion- 7.1 The purchaser and producer are urged to employ statis-
ately. tical process control in the coating process. Properly per-
NOTE 7—The coating thickness requirement of this specification is a formed, statistical process control will assure coated products
minimum requirement; that is, the coating thickness is required to equal or of satisfactory quality and will reduce the amount of accep-
exceed the specified thickness everywhere on the significant surfaces. tance inspection. The sampling plan used for the inspection of
Variation in the coating thickness from point to point on a coated article
is an inherent characteristic of mechanical deposition processes. There-
fore, the coating thickness will have to exceed the specified value at some TABLE 1 Minimum Hours to Failure
points on the significant surfaces to ensure that the thickness equals or (White Corrosion Products and Red Rust for Mechanically
exceeds the specified value at all points. Hence, in most cases, the average Deposited Zinc Coatings on Iron and Steel)
coating thickness on an article will be greater than the specified value; Type White Corrosion
how much greater is largely determined by the shape of the article and the Class: 55–110 50 40 25 12 8 5
A A A A A A A
I
characteristics of the deposition process.
II 72 72 72 72 72 72 72
In addition, the average coating thickness on articles will vary from Red Rust
article to article within a production lot. Therefore, if all of the articles in Class: 55–110 50 40 25 12 8 5
a production lot are to meet the thickness requirement, the average coating I no requirement 300 250 192 96 56 36
thickness for the production lot as a whole will be greater than the average II no requirement 300 250 192 96 72 72
A
necessary to ensure that a single article meets the requirement. No requirement.

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 B 695 – 04
the quality coated article shall be agreed upon between the article it represents, and it shall be placed in the production lot
purchaser and producer. of, and be processed along with, the article it represents.
7.1.1 When a collection of coated articles (inspection lot, 8.1.2.2 A test specimen used to represent an article in a
see 7.2) is examined for compliance with the requirements coating thickness test shall be introduced into the process at the
placed on the articles, a relatively small number of the articles point where the coating or coatings are applied and it shall be
(sample) is selected at random and is inspected. The inspection carried through all steps that have a bearing on the coating
lot is then classified as complying with the requirements based thickness.
on the results of the inspection of the sample. The size of the 8.1.2.3 When a test specimen is used to represent a coated
sample and the criteria for compliance are determined by the article in a thickness test, the specimen will not necessarily
application of statistics. The procedure is known as sampling have the same thickness and thickness distribution as the article
inspection. Test Method B 602, Guide B 697, and Method unless the specimen and the article are of the same general size
B 762 contain sampling plans that are designed for sampling and shape. Therefore, before accepting coated articles on the
inspection of coatings. basis of a thickness test performed on representative test
7.1.2 Test Method B 602 contains four sampling plans, three specimens, the relationship between the thickness on the
for use with tests that are nondestructive and one when they are specimen and the thickness on the part shall be established. The
destructive. Test Method B 602 provides a default plan if one criterion of acceptance shall be that thickness on the specimen
is not specified. that corresponds to the required thickness on the article.
7.1.3 Guide B 697 provides a large number of plans and 8.2 Workmanship—Quality of workmanship shall be de-
also gives guidance in the selection of a plan. Guide B 697 termined by the unaided eye at normal reading distance.
provides a default plan if one is not specified. 8.3 Thickness:
7.1.4 Test Method B 762 shall be used only for coating 8.3.1 The thickness of the coating shall be determined by
requirements that have a numerical limit, such as coating the microscopical method (Test Method B 487) or the magnetic
thickness. The test must yield a numeric value and certain method (Test Method B 499), as applicable. Other methods are
statistical requirements must be met. Test Method B 762 not prohibited, provided that they demonstrate a measurement
contains several plans and also gives instructions for calculat- uncertainty less than 10 %.
ing plans to meet special needs. Test Method B 762 provides a
8.3.2 The thickness of the coating shall be measured at the
default plan if one is not specified.
location or locations for both significant and nonsignificant
7.1.5 Use Guide F 1470 for fasteners such as internally surfaces of the product where the coating is expected to be the
threaded, externally threaded, and nonthreaded fasteners and thinnest or at such locations as specified on the purchase order
washers. This guide provides for two plans: one designated (4.1.3 and 6.3).
the“ detection process” and one designated the “prevention
8.3.3 Thickness measurements of Type II deposits shall be
process.” The purchaser and producer shall agree on the plan to
made after application of the supplementary treatment. The
be used.
Type II chromate conversion coatings shall be removed from
7.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection of
the test area before the thickness is measured. Removal shall be
coated articles that are the same kind, that have been produced
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done by using a very mild abrasive (such as a paste of levigated

to the same specification, that have been coated by a single
alumina or magnesium oxide) rubbed on gently with the finger.
supplier at one time or approximately the same time, under
essentially identical conditions, and that are submitted for NOTE 10—The process by which Type II coatings are produced
acceptance or rejection as a group. dissolves a small amount of the zinc. For this reason the thickness
requirement to be checked refers to the thickness of the deposit after the
application of the Type II coatings.
8. Test Methods
8.1 Test Specimens: 8.4 Adhesion—Adhesion of the zinc deposit to the basis
8.1.1 If needed, use test specimens to represent the coated metal shall be tested in a manner that is consistent with the
articles in a test if the articles are of a size, shape, or material service requirements of the coated article. The ability to
that is not suitable for the test, or if it is preferred not to submit separate the coating from the substrate by peeling, as distinct
articles to a destructive test because, for example, the articles from flaking caused by rupture of the deposit or of the basis
are expensive or few. The permission or the requirement to use metal, shall be evidence of failure. One of the following
test specimens, their number, the material from which they methods for determining adhesion shall be used:
shall be made, and their shape and size shall be stated in the 8.4.1 The part shall be plastically deformed, if possible, to
purchase order or other governing document. rupture as specified on the purchase order (4.1.4).
8.1.2 The test specimen shall duplicate those characteristics 8.4.2 The surface of the coated article shall be scraped or
of the article that influence the property being tested, and it sheared with a sharp edge, knife, or razor blade through the
shall be processed with the article through those process steps coating down to the basis metal and examined under 43
that influence the property. magnification.
8.1.2.1 The test specimen used to represent an article in an NOTE 11—There is no single satisfactory test for evaluating the
adhesion, corrosion resistance, or appearance test shall be adhesion of mechanically deposited coatings. Those given above are
made of the same material, shall be in the same metallurgical widely used; however, other tests may prove more applicable in specific
condition, and shall have the same surface condition as the cases. Various qualitative methods are discussed in Practice B 571. A

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 B 695 – 04
review of methods of measuring adhesion is given in the Proceedings, require a 48-h waiting period; parts with lower tensile strength may
American Electroplaters’ Soc., Vol 50.5 require less than a 24-h waiting period. High-carbon steel parts or those
cold-worked or heat-treated to tensile strengths of 1450 MPa or more,
8.5 Salt Spray Corrosion Resistance:
where these parts will be subjected to a sustained load in use, may require
8.5.1 The 5 % neutral salt spray (fog) test as defined in testing at loads specified by the purchaser or at 75 % of the ultimate tensile
Practice B 117 shall be used. strength.
8.5.2 If samples with Type II coatings are to be examined
both for white corrosion products and for rust, use separate 9. Rejection and Rehearing
samples to determine the end point for white corrosion and for 9.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements of this
rust. This is to permit uninterrupted exposure for the longer of specification are subject to rejection. Rejection shall be re-
the two test periods required without having to wash specimens ported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In
for examination, in accordance with Practice B 117. case of dissatisfaction with the results of a test, the producer or
8.5.3 Parts with Type II supplementary chromate film shall supplier is capable of making a claim for rehearing. Finishes
be aged at room temperature for 24 h before subjection to the that show imperfections during subsequent manufacturing
salt spray test. operations are again subject to rejection.
8.5.4 Parts with coatings of wax, etc., shall not be used as
samples for corrosion testing for conformance to the require- 10. Certification
ments of 6.5. 10.1 If required by the purchaser, the purchase order or
8.6 Absence of Hydrogen Embrittlement: contract that the producer or supplier gives to the purchaser
8.6.1 Coated parts to be tested for the absence of embrittle- will include a certification that the finish was produced and
ment from cleaning shall be tested for brittle failure in tested in accordance with this specification and found to meet
accordance with a suitable method to be specified on the the requirements. The purchaser is also capable of requiring
purchase order (4.1.4). The description of the method shall that a report of the test results be furnished.
include the means of applying a load to the part, the stress or
11. Quality Assurance Provisions
load level to be applied, the duration of the test, the waiting
time that must elapse between deposition of the zinc and 11.1 For parts processed for U.S. Government procurement,
testing or use of the part, and the criterion of failure. the producer or supplier shall be responsible for the perfor-
8.6.2 Parts that must conform to U.S. Government require- mance of all inspection and test requirements specified herein.
ments shall be subjected to such loading conditions described Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the
above for 200 h minimum. producer or supplier is not prohibited from using his own or
any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspec-
NOTE 12—It is recommended that tests for embrittlement involve tion and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved
subjecting parts to the specified operating conditions for at least 100 h
(except as noted in 8.6.2). The stress level induced by the test and the
by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have the right to perform
waiting period prior to test depend upon many factors such as shape of the any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification
part, carbon content of the steel, hardness of the part, and stress level in where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that
use. Parts with a tensile strength of over 1000 MPa, for example, may material conforms to the prescribed requirements.
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12. Keywords
5
For availability of this publication, contact American Electroplaters’ Society, 12.1 chemical zinc; corrosion resistant coatings; mechanical
12644 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826. galvanize; mechanical zinc; zinc coatings

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CHARACTERISTICS

X1.1 Mechanical deposition in itself greatly reduces the be used to compare the behavior of zinc in various atmo-
risk of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores spheres. The values are only indicative, because individual
and recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently studies in various parts of the world have resulted in figures
electroplated (see Appendix X3). that vary widely from these averages.
Atmosphere Mean Corrosion Rate
X1.2 Zinc coatings are usually applied to provide corrosion Industrial 5.6 µm (0.22 mil)/year
resistance. The performance of a zinc coating depends largely Urban nonindustrial or marine 1.5 µm (0.06 mil)/year
on its thickness, the supplementary treatment if any, and the Suburban 1.3 µm (0.05 mil)/year
Rural 0.8 µm (0.03 mil)/year
kind of environment to which it is exposed. The seven heaviest Indoors considerably less than 0.5 µm (0.01
classes of coatings offer suitable alternatives to hot-dip galva- mil)/year
nizing. The following data, based on widespread testing, may

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 B 695 – 04

X2. SPECIFIC TYPES

X2.1 Type I (plain zinc) is useful for lowest cost protection X2.2 Type II (colored chromates)—Chromates that have a
where early formation of white corrosion products is not color (yellow, olive drab, bronze, etc.) are used to delay the
detrimental. It is also used for higher temperature applications appearance of white or red corrosion products on the plated
up to approximately 120°C where the effectiveness of chro- article, or to provide a color desired by a customer for a
mates is greatly reduced. specific purpose.

X3. HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT

X3.1 A major advantage of mechanical deposition is that it degree of embrittlement that might result from following
does not produce hydrogen embrittlement in hardened steel proper procedures with cleaning methods permitted in this
during the coating process. However, pronounced embrittle- specification normally is self-relieving within a day’s time at
ment can be produced in certain cleaning processes. The mild room temperature.

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