Moro Etymology

*derived from the word “Moor” (Mauri) that refers to the

inhabitants of Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta
who had Arab or Berber descent.
*can also be reffered to Moriscos in Granada
*derogatory meanings: infidels; Moreno “dark skinned”, alien, non-
Christian
*Portuguese also called Muslims in Sri Lanka as Moors
Bajau
Iranun

Maguindanao

Mëranaw
Yakans
*Yakan means “Dayak Origin,” as they
are believed to be descendants of
the Orang Dyaks or Tagihamas of
eastern Indonesia. They speak a
dialect of Sama language and are
culturally influenced in some respect
by the Tausug.
*called by the Spaniards as
Samaecas
*Source of income: agriculture (rice
cultivation)
*Imam is the most prominent person
in the community
 Tausug
*dominant ethnic group in the Sulu archipelago because
of their political and religious institutions, the Tausug
occupy Jolo, Indanan, Siasi, and Patikul in Sulu (ARMM).
There are also scattered settlements in Zamboanga del
Sur and Cotabato, and all the way to Malaysia, which
has an estimated Tausug population of more than
110,000
*Tausug is a combination of tau (person) and suug (the
old name of Jolo Island)
*descended from the different ethnic groups that had
migrated to the Sulu archipelago.
*The Tausug language is adopted from the vocabulary of
Tagimaha, in whose locality the Sultan of Sulu lived and
established Buansa, the capital of the Sultunate. They
have two dialects: parianum (spoken by the people living
along the coasts of Jolo ) and gimbahanun (spoken by
those living in the interior part)
Jama Mapun
*native inhabitants of the Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi
(Cagayan de Sulu) or Mapun and the Turtle Island
where it is closest to Sabah, Malaysia. They are
also found in northern Palawan and other nearby
islands.
*Jama Mapun is from the word Jama meaning
people, and Mapun which indicates the name of
the Island Municipality of Mapun, thus called the
“People of Mapun”
*spoken language is called Pullun Mapun
meaning Mapun Language. They speak a Sama-
Bajau language of the Austronesian language
family
*Source of livelihood: dry-rice agriculture, copra
production, and trading
Kagan Kalagan
concentrated in Sirawan, Davao City;
Tagum, Davao del Norte; Mati, Davao
Oriental; and some areas of Davao del Sur.
They speak a mixture of the Tagakaolo,
Tausug, and Maguindanaon languages.
Kalibugan
“Kalibuga” (Kolibugan) means “mixed breed”
and refers to the Subanun of the Philippines who
have intermarried with the Tausug and Samal.
Kalibugan, who number about 15,000, live in
villages on the coast in western Mindanao. Most
have converted to Islam. Their culture shares
elements with those of Subanun, Tausug, and
Samal
Sangil
*Concentrations of Sangil inhabit the islands of
Balut and Sarangani, as well as, parts of the
coastal region of South Cotabato and Davao del Sur
provinces.
*descended from Sangihe, an archipelago in
Eastern Indonesia, from where they hailed; the
tribe was already Muslim long before they came to
the Philippines and, ahead of the introduction of
Islam to Mindanao
*Sangil, an Austronesian language, appears to
have an affinity to Sama, with regards to the
pronounciation of words, manner of speaking, and
vocabulary
Molbog
*migrants from the northern part of Borneo whose population
is estimated to be more than twenty thousand. The name
Molbog is derived from the word malubog, meaning “murky or
turbid water.” It refers to the muddy water that surrounds the
bay area caused by flood water flowing from the interior. After
some time, Balabac island was called malubugon while its
inhabitants were referred to as Mulbog, which is likely derived
from the term malubugon

*Source of livelihood includes fishing, subsistence farming,

and barter trading with the people in nearby Sulu as well as in
the Sabah market centers in the neighboring state of
Malaysia. They grow coconuts and sell copra. The majority of
the Molbog communities are located in isolated mountain
regions that are hard to reach
Palawanon
*lives in the southern part of Palawan province and thought to be
descendants of the Tabon cavemen, whose culture can be traced back
50,000 years. The Tabon are amongst the earliest people recognized to
have inhabited Southeast Asia
Source of livelihood: agricultural and grow rice, bananas, root crops
and a variety of vegetables, hunting, honey collection, and rattan
gathering
*belongs to the Manobo-based linguistic group of southern
Philippines and is divided into four subgroups, namely, the Central
Palawano (also known as Quezon Palawano), Brooke’s Point Palawano,
Southwest Palawano, and South Palawano (also known as Bugsuk
Palawano). The tribe’s language appears to resemble that of the Malay,
although different groups may exhibit some distinctions depending on
their location.
• 1310 CE / 710 A.H

(ANIMISM)-Jolo

(2nd half of the 14th century)-

Sulu,reinforcement of Islam

(14th/15th century)fr.
Menangkabaw, Sumatra to
Jolo-strengthened the
Islamic consciousness
mid-15th century
Buansa, married
Paramisuli, founder of
the first Sultanate
“Sultan Sharief-ul-
Hashim”
• Teach Qur-an,
hill people vs
coast people
(Maguindanao & Ilanun)-Johore on
16th century, storm (Samal migration)
Cotabato-Malabang thru intermarriage
Maguindanao Sultanate-Kudarat

(Cotabato City, air for paradise, Tawantawan, houri)

(Johore, Slangan(Cotabato), Paramisuli,west remained)

Maguindanao & Ilanun

*Guerras Piraticas “A war against the Moro Pirates”
*Divided into 6 phases (Cesar Majul)
-Brunei Cut-off
-Strongholds
-Counterattacks
-Fortress Wars
Sabah acquisition in 1658
-Refortification of Zamboanga Fort
-Phase 6
*Moro allies: Brunei, Ternatan, British, Dutch
Issue on Sabah
• British North Borneo under the management of the
North Borneo Chartered Company
• Sultanate of Sulu leased Sabah to NBCC in 1878
• 1888, became a protectorate of UK and then a
crown colony from 1946-1963--Crown Colony of
North Borneo
• Sept. 16, 1963, Sabah merged with Malaya,
Sarawak and Singapore to form Malaysia
• P77,000/annual payment –rent or cession
• Question of succession
• Result of the plebiscite favors Malaysia
The Agreement Signed by the Sultan of Sulu and the British Entrepreneur
Baron de Overbeck
Battles of Marawi in 1891 & 1895
Led by Datu Akadir Akobar a.k.a “Amaipakpak”
• Kiram-Bates Treaty on August 20, 1899
• Assimilation; Filipinization; policy of attraction
• Battles: Bayang (May 2, 1902), Bud Dajo (March
1906; Moro Crater Massacre), Bud Bagsak (June
11 and 15, 1913)
• Direct Rule of Americans
• Sultanate System was abolished
• Muslim Pensionados
• Second class citizen
• Issue on Independence and incorporation of
Mindanao to the Philippines
School in Zamboanga in 1900
 Colonel Frank D.
Sultan Pandapatan
Baldwin
*400-500 killed out of 600
*11 killed, 42 wounded
soldiers

Battle of Bayang “Padang Karbala” on

May 2-3, 1903
Moro Crate Massacre in 1906 800-900 Moro and 15
Americans casualties
 vs

Datu Amil John Pershing

“The fighting was the
200-500 Moro casualties fiercest I have ever
seen. They are
absolutely fearless,
and once committed to
combat they count
death as a mere
incident”

14 casualties & 25 wounded

Battle of Bud Bagsak in 1913
Post-Independence
• Emergence of Ilaga led by the “magnificent seven”-Feliciano Luces a.k.a
“Toothpick”
• Moro Massacres
• Secessionist Movements: 1. MIM by Datu Udtog Matalam on May 1, 1968,
2.BMLO in 1970 by Rashid Lucman, 3. MNLF in 1973 by Nur Misuari, 4. MILF in
1977 by Hashim Salamat
• Martial Law on September 21, 1972
• Mindanao Peace Process-Tripoli Agreement on Dec. 23, 1976, RA 6734 which
created the ARMM, Final Peace Agreement in 1996, MOA-AD, BOL--BARMM
References
• https://mindanaotimes.com.ph/2019/11/07/scene-city-united-sangil-tribe-from-balut-and-sarangani-
launched-in-davao-city/
• Ethnic Groups Philippines
• https://www.instagram.com/filiology/
• http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/palawano-tribe-palawans-original-dwellers/
• Ross Brann, "The Moors?", Andalusia, New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as
opposed to later Mudéjar and Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither
refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture.“
• https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194542/http://www.morolandhistory.com/08.PG-
Battle%20of%20Bayan/battle_of_bayan_p1.htm
• History 3 Instructional Materials