Progress report elements

1. General information
2. Summary of activities
3. Success stories and key achievements
4. Outbreak response support
5. Challenges
6. Monitoring and evaluation data
7. Photos

Section 1: General information

Instructions:
1. A separate report should be completed for each project document and country
2. If this is a global or regional report, please list “global” or “regional” as appropriate in the country section

FAO project document title

Enhancing Animal Health and One Health Capacities to Mitigate Zoonotic Diseases and AMR risks and Threats in Africa

FAO project code

OSRO/GLO/507/USA

Budget
USD 5,902,815

Country
ETHIOPIA

Period of performance
1 October 2022- 31 March 2023
Section 2: Summary of activities implemented during the period of
performance
Instructions:
3. Reporting is based on the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) v3.0
4. For each JEE indicator where activities are reported, please provide an estimate of the country’s score at the time of
reporting.
1. Your contextual and technical expertise, previous JEE and State Party Self-Assessment Annual Report scores,
and the technical questions within the JEE v3.0 document should be used to make these estimates.
5. Describe the activities completed during the reporting period for each JEE indicator.
6. Use as much space as you need (the cell sizes are adaptable).
7. Activities and progress should be linked to relevant World Health Organization (WHO) Benchmarks or FAO
Milestones.
8. Please include relevant ministries involved and spell out abbreviations the first time they are used.
9. If you are not working in a particular indicator area, the section can be left blank.

JEE technical area: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

Indicator: P4.1. Multisectoral coordination on AMR JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 3
▪ Ethiopia WAAW 2022 Commemoration: FAO Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO), Ministry of
Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Health (MoH), Environmental protection Authority (EPA) and national Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) One
Health (OH) advisory committee supported the 2022 WAAW events (18 to 24 November) by organizing the following AMR awareness
raising events:
o Panel discussions and launch of human health, animal health, and environment AMR sector specific action plans: the
2022 WAAW launch event was held at Inter-luxury hotel in Addis Ababa in the presence of 80 delegates from across sectors and
professional associations. The guest of honor for the event was Mrs. Frenesh Mekuria, Deputy Director General, Environment
Protection Authority. As part of the WAAW launch event, the FAO AMR program coordinator was awarded a Certificate of
Appreciation for his Outstanding Contribution for OH AMR prevention and containment throughout the year. The certificate was
signed by Her Excellency, The Minster MoH, 18 Nov 2022, link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMUBANq2V9o.
o AMR advocacy and awareness raising event for women and youth representatives: Event organizers held an AMR mass
mobilization event with the theme "Preventing Antimicrobial Resistance Together" (ዓለም አቀፍ “የፀረ-ተህዋስያን መድኃኒቶች
በጀርሞች መለመድ የግንዛቤ ማስጨበጫ ሳምንት” የማህበረሰብ ንቅናቄ መድረክ) targeting women and youth representatives. 75
 women and youths attended the event held on November 24, 2022 at Getfam Hotel Addis Ababa. The representatives expressed
their commitment to cascade the AMR prevention and containment awareness message to their membership.
▪ Ethiopia contribution to WAAW Commemoration at Regional level: The FAO AMR program coordinator made a virtual
presentation at the 4th continental and joint WAAW 2022 Africa campaign under the theme Preventing Antimicrobials Resistance Together,
22 November 2022, Dakar, Senegal. The African Union Commission (AUC) and the regional quadripartite (FAO-UNEP-WOAH-WHO)
organized the event. The presentation entitled “Ethiopia has Maintained and Scaled up Efforts to Tackle AMR: OH Approach with emphasis
to Safe and Quality animal source food production with consideration of antimicrobials use (AMU), Residues and AMR”.

▪ Mainstreamed AMR elements in Government Institutions Annual Plans: FAO supported incorporation of the Ethiopia OH AMR
prevention and containment third strategic plan, 2021-2025 planned activities into annual plans for Animal Health Institute (AHI) and
Ethiopian Agriculture Authority (EAA) for 2023 by providing technical advice during the work-plan development process for the two
institutions. This was meant to facilitate sustainable implementation of the Ethiopian One Health strategic plan in the agriculture sector.

GHSA AMR action package has synergized and complemented other projects in health systems strengthening (HSS) of AMR prevention and
containment. The following are some of the outputs from such synergism:
Published outputs in this reporting period links:
• https://www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/resources/papers-in-scientific-journals/en/
• Situational analysis of antimicrobial resistance, laboratory capacities, surveillance systems and containment activities in
Ethiopia: A new and one health approach, in One Health peer reviewed journal 17 March 2023, link:
https://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S2352-7714(23)00047-2 or https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100527
• Antimicrobial resistance status of selected bacteria isolated from animal source foods and feed in Ethiopia Sep 2022, link:
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v26i2.2

Multisector approach in organizing the country and regional WAAW events and advocacy and awareness raising events to support
operationalization and implementation of the Ethiopian AMR prevention and containment strategic plan, 2021 to 2025 is contributing to the
country’s efforts to advance from IHR JEE indicator P4.1 from level 3 to 4.
Indicator: P4.2. Surveillance of AMR JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
▪ Animal Health Sector AMR Surveillance System summary report generated. FAO Ethiopia in close coordination with the 2
national referral laboratories, Animal Health Institute (AHI) and Animal Products and Input Quality Testing Centre (APIQTC) of the
Ethiopian Agriculture Authority and 5 subnational laboratories (Assella, BahirDar, Hirna, Mizan and Sodo) collected, analysed, compiled a
one-year AMR surveillance and AST report on priority pathogens. The joint surveillance activity culminated in the production of a summary
report meant to informed decision making. The summary report produced in February 2023, also included suggestions on AMR
surveillance system strengthening and lab capacity building on the detection, isolation and antimicrobials susceptibility testing (AST) in
the agriculture and food systems sector.
 ▪ One Health AMR surveillance annual review and experiences sharing: FAO technically contributed to the organization of the One
Health AMR surveillance annual review and experiences sharing workshop held from 15 to 17 Feb 2023 in Gondar town, Ethiopia. 64 (8
females) participants drawn from federal and regional institutions, and developmental partner organizations attended in the annual
experience sharing meeting, which was one of the activities in the country’s AMR action plan for 2023. The following topics were presented
from the side of agriculture sector:
• FAO engagement and collaboration on AMR prevention and containment and food safety with agriculture, public health and
environment sectors in Ethiopia.
• AMR Surveillance System and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing in Animal Health by animal health institute (AHI) from January
2022- January 2023) and review and experience
• Antimicrobial resistance status of selected bacteria isolated from animal source foods and feed in Ethiopia by EAA, Animal
Products, Veterinary Drugs and Feed Quality Testing Center (APVDPQAC), link: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v26i2.2
• Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and AST of the pathogens isolated from milk samples by Bahir Dar regional animal health
laboratory, Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105680
These were done following the hands-on AMR and AST lab capacity development training and surveillance review meetings of the integrated AMR
surveillance system plan in the prior reporting period in the agriculture sector.
The major output from the workshop were:
• Identified data gaps in both the Human and Animal AMR surveillance system and reached consensus on how to close the gaps
• Outlined mechanism for AMR data/information sharing across laboratories among human health and animal health sectors
• Produced plan on scaling up AHI’s process towards becoming Proficiency testing (PT) provider to other laboratories
• Reached into agreement to co-planning future activities with AMR developmental partners/stakeholders

AMR surveillance system and the detection, isolation and antimicrobials susceptibility testing (AST) from Animal Health Institute (AHI), Animal
Products and Input Quality Testing Centre (APIQTC) and five subnational labs data/information collated in the agriculture sector and generated
report (country is on course to move from JEE indicator level 2 to 3).
Indicator: P4.3. Prevention of multidrug resistant organisms JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
(MDRO)
▪ AMR/AST laboratory mentorship and on the job training manual drafted: FAO Ethiopian in collaboration with Animal Health
Institute (AHI) and Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) drafted a mentorship manual to follow up on on-job AMR and micro-organisms
isolation, identification, AST and characterization of priority pathogens to conduct phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing using
disc diffusion method on priority pathogen to generate AMR data including MDRO.
Capacity building of labs will help in the identification and timely notification of MDROs and contribute to the prevention and containment of
MDROs (estimated JEE level 2 and on course to move to JEE level 3.
Indicator: P4.4. Optimal use of antimicrobial medicines in human JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
health
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: P4.5. Optimal use of antimicrobial medicines in animal JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
health and agriculture
▪ AMU and AMR capacity building training for animal health care providers: FAO in collaboration with the Ethiopian Agriculture
Authority (EAA) of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) provided capacity development training on Safe and Quality primary animal source
food production with consideration of AMU, AMR, withdrawal times and maximum residues limits to 39 animal health care providers.
These providers will be instrumental in advocacy, awareness raising and expanding the agenda of safe and quality food production across
sectors. It was provided to 39 (5 females) from ministry of agriculture (MoA), Ethiopian Agriculture Authority (EAA) and sub-national
livestock offices, Ethiopian Food and Drug Administration Authority (EFDA) and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), from 18-21
October 2022 in Adama, Ethiopia. MoA, EAA and FAO collaborated in the organization of the training.

▪ AMU, AMR advocacy and awareness raising training for mass media and public relations experts: FAO organized advocacy and
awareness raising training on AMU, AMR in human, animal, food, and environmental sectors and safe and quality food production to 32
(6 females). Federal public mass media outlets, regional mass media corporations/agencies, and public relation experts from MOA, EAA,
AHI, NVI, and EFDA experts attended the training. It was provided from 26–28 October 2022 in Adama, Ethiopia organized by FAO in
collaboration with MOA. This training was organized following the distribution of the manual on Antimicrobial Use, Resistance Prevention
and Containment in Animals, Food and Feed Safety and Environment to Mass Media and PR Experts. Web article link: FAO Supports
Ethiopian Government in Developing Media Training to Raise Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance" published on the FAO website.
https://www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/news-and-events/news/news-details/en/c/1629710/
▪ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUhaBpmCLnU),
▪ (https://www.facebook.com/EthiopianAgriculturalAuthority)
▪ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsk72mIeYAk)

▪ Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Management and Use training to animal health care providers provided: FAO in coordination with
EAA provided capacity development training on Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (Antimicrobials included) Management and Use to 84 (7
females) animal health care providers It was conducted from 28 to 30 November 2022, and 14 to 16 December 2022 in Bahir Dar and in
Arbaminch, respectively from woredas and zones of Amhara, South West and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regions in
Ethiopia. The objectives of the training were to develop the capacity of animal health care professionals to improve Access to- and
promoting the rational use of veterinary pharmaceuticals in general and antimicrobials in particular. The training focused on selection,
quantification, procurement, inventory management, distribution, and use (prescribing dispensing and administration), quality assurance
and safety of veterinary pharmaceuticals. These trainings were organized following the development, printing and put into use of
 Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Management Manual (VPMM) (link: https://www.eaa.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Veterinary-
Pharmaceutical-Managemnt-Manual.pdf) and Standard Veterinary Treatment Guidelines (SVTG) for Ethiopia developed, (link:
https://www.eaa.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/STANDARD-VETERINARY-TREATMENT-GUIDES_DIGITAL.pdf).

▪ AMR and AMU assessed in woredas: In-Service Applied Veterinary Epidemiology Training (ISAVET) trainees assessment tool
incorporated aspects on awareness and understanding of AMU and AMR by Animals Owners in 5 Woredas in 5 different regions and the
assessment on awareness and understanding among veterinarians on AMU and AMR, in Dire Dawa region. The assessment was done in
November 2022.

Capacity development training on veterinary pharmaceuticals management and use, AMU, AMR, biosecurity & infection prevention, safe and
quality primary animal source food production to animal health care providers; and mass media experts and public relation experts provided
will contribute to move to the next JEE level 3.

JEE technical area: Zoonotic disease

Indicator: P5.1. Surveillance of zoonotic diseases JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 3
▪ Enhancing subnational level capacity for zoonotic diseases surveillance and information sharing: FAO, in collaboration with
MoA, trained 36 (3 females) frontline animal health professionals in Oromia Regional State on disease surveillance, outbreak investigation,
reporting on the ADNIS/DOVAR platform, data analysis and information sharing. The training was held in Adama town from January 25–
27, 2023. Most of the trainees were animal health frontline officers drawn from 30 districts in the Asella Regional Vet Lab operational
area but also included 6 surveillance coordinators positioned at zonal administrative level. The objective of the training was to build
frontline level surveillance capacity to improve field and laboratory surveillance data collection and collation and data sharing and
contribute towards improvement in reporting rate, timeliness and quality of reporting and multisectoral engagement in districts in Oromia
region.

This training will contribute towards strengthening the multi-sectoral surveillance systems for priority emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases
and information sharing at intermediate levels, and help the country to maintain level 4 on JEE indicator 5.1
Indicator: P5.2. Response to zoonotic diseases JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: (moving from
JEE level 3 to 4)
▪ Enhancing sub-national animal health sector capacity for rabies control and elimination: FAO supported a ToT for sub-national
animal health staff on Rabies control and elimination with the objective to enhance skills on rabies surveillance, dog handling, dog
vaccination, tracking of vaccinated dogs and dog population management based on GARC tools. The training was conducted from 27 -30
March 2023, Central Hawasa Hotel, Hawasa. 60 (12 Females) experts drawn from Sidama, SNNP, SWE sub-national states and Addis Ababa
City Administration attended the training. In conjunction, mass dog vaccination and community awareness raising education and
campaign was conducted from 31 March up to 02 April 2023. During the campaign, 9,027 dogs were vaccinated in Yirgalem, Wondo-Genet
and Hawassa cities’ vaccination sites.

▪ 2022 Global One Health Day (GOHD) and World Rabies Day (WRD) commemoration: FAO, in collaboration with other partners,
supported GOHD and WRD commemorations held jointly on 16 December 2022 in Hawassa. Ethiopian National One Health Steering
Committee (NOHSC), working together with Southern Nations and Nationalities (SNNP) Regions’ One Health platform, with support
from FAO and other one health partners1, organized the event that was held in Hawassa town. The theme of the joint event was
"Towards Better Health for Humans, Animals, and the Environment". The event focused on raising community level awareness to
strengthen the different aspects of One Health as well as enhance dog vaccination in line with the zero by 30 rabies campaign. 64 (14
Females) participants and representatives from MoA, EPHI, NVI, AHI, EAA, Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), Ethiopia Wildlife
Conservation Authority (EWCA), and Addis Ababa University (AAU) and Sidama and SNNP Regional States bureaus of Livestock, Health,
Environment, and Wildlife; as well as from development partners and media agencies attended the commemoration event. During
the occasion, high-level sector officials jointly endorsed and launched two strategy documents developed by the NOHSC entitled “One
Health risk Communication” and “Multi-sectoral Zoonotic Diseases Outbreak Investigation for Priority Zoonotic Diseases”.
Representatives of key OH sectors government officials, conveyed keynote speeches with a special emphasis on the importance of
One Health approach, to boost dog vaccination against Rabies and community awareness raising efforts.

▪ Sidama Region establishes One Health platform: FAO, working together with the NOHSC supported establishment of the
country’s 10th subnational OH platform in Sidama Region. On November 12, 2022, the Bureau Heads from the Health, Livestock, and
Environment Protection Authorities signed the Sidama Region Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on One Health at an event held
in Hawassa town. A total of 23 (2 Females) participants which included officials from Sidama Regional State One Health partners
(Bureaus of Health, Livestock, Environment Protection Authority and Hawassa University) and representatives from development
partners (FAO and Resolve to Save Lives) attended the launching event. Dog vaccination and community awareness campaigns in
Wondogenet, Yirgalem and Hawasa vaccination sites were co-organized in between February and April by Sidama OH platform and
MoA. This signifies regional level ownership of the One Health approach and willingness of key partners to work together in the
management of zoonotic disease events at local level

▪ High-level advocacy conducted for strengthening One Health sector coordination mechanisms: FAO, working together with the
Belgium Embassy in Addis Ababa, co-facilitated a high-level review of the current institutional arrangements for the One Health
platform in Ethiopia. The event titled “Chocolate and Coffee talks on Effective One Health Implementation in Ethiopia: Challenges,
Opportunities and Way Ahead” was hosted by the Belgian Embassy. Participants were drawn from Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of
Health, Ministry of Environment, donor community and international organizations. The event was held on 9 March 2023 and was
attended by 35 (6 females) delegates. The objective was to provide a forum for decision makers to discuss the institutionalization of
One Health platforms and exchange best OH practices at national and international level. FAO CVO, Keith Sumption moderated the
 discussions. The major recommendations from the meeting were to integrate the existing OH platform into the government structures
and update the OH road map for Ethiopia.

Building robust and sustainable multi-sectoral institutional arrangements for coordinated response against priority zoonotic diseases is helping
in moving the country JEE indicator P5.2 from level 3 to 4
Indicator: P5.3. Sanitary animal production practices JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
▪ Meat inspection and safety legislation developed: FAO supported the Ministry of Agriculture to develop a proclamation and a
subsidiary regulation on meat inspection and safety. FAO provided technical input in the drafting process which took place from 28
February – 5 March 2023 in Bishoftu town. The proclamation is intended to replace existing law on meat inspection and Hygiene, to ensure
compliance with the international food safety standard, improve the competitiveness of the livestock industry, promoting safe meat
production, protecting human health, and strengthening the meat export market and food safety. Nine (1Female) experts involved in
drafting the legislation were drawn from Ethiopian Agricultural Authority, UNIDO, FAO, College of Vet. Medicine and Agriculture. The new
regulations will help to promote good practices in livestock and livestock products processing premises thereby minimizing the risk of
spread and transmission of zoonotic diseases in line with international standards. This will help the country to move JEE indicator 5.3 from
level 2 to 3.
JEE technical area: Biosafety and biosecurity
Indicator: P7.1. Whole-of-government biosafety and biosecurity JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
system is in place for human, animal and agriculture facilities
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: P7.2. Biosafety and biosecurity training and practices in JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
all relevant sectors (including human, animal and agriculture)
 ▪ The capacities of 10 sub-national labs assessed using FAO’s LMT-s module to guide action plans for bio-hazard risk mitigation
measures. From 21 December 2022 – 12 January 2023, and 21 March 2022 – 12 April 2023, the Animal Health Institute (AHI) and FAO
assessors conducted an annual assessment of sub-national veterinary laboratories using FAO's Laboratory Mapping Tool for Safety
(LMT-s). The goal was to assess biosafety and biosecurity capacities, identify current gaps, and provide on-the-job training on risk
assessment, spill cleanup, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and good laboratory practices. Asella, Bedelle, Mizan, Sodo,
Asossa, Bahirdar, Kombolcha, and Jigjiga sub-national veterinary laboratories were evaluated for the second round, while Hirna and
Sidama labs were evaluated for the first time using LMT-s. The primary areas that needed improvement were personal health safety,
chemical hazard containment and security, emergency preparedness and response, fire hazard, electrical, and program-based
maintenance of lab equipment. Prior to resuming their services, the sub-national veterinary lab team and higher officials were advised
to address critical Biosafety and Biosecurity gaps as described above. Other than this, efforts are underway to publish the LMT
evaluation results up to this point.

▪ Staff from four national labs trained in biosafety and biosecurity good practices. As a follow up to the lab capacity assessment
on national veterinary labs conducted in 2021 LMT-s Tool, FAO supported training of 19 (12 Male and 7 Female) participants from the
Animal Health Institute (AHI) and National Veterinary Institute (NVI), to address biosafety and biosecurity gaps that had been
identified. Accordingly, AH has demonstrated an increasing LMT-s score compared to pre-training status. The training was conducted
from 24-28 October 2022 in Addis Ababa. Biosafety and biosecurity and sample reception focal persons at AHI provided the training.

▪ Poultry farms biosecurity Study to inform employment of evidence-based biosecurity measures in Ethiopia- FAO commissioned
a study to assess existing biosecurity practices and identify gaps on 40 poultry farms in Bishoftu, Hawasa, Debre Berhan and Addis
Ababa. The study was conducted between July 2022 and March 2023. The study's objectives were to identify biosecurity/infection
prevention gaps, recommend best practices, assess the adoption of those practices by farms, and evaluate their effects on disease
incidence/ prevalence and farm productivity/profitability. The results from the study will be used also to raise awareness and scale
up good practices along the poultry value chain and inform commercial farm poultry farm biosecurity policies that promote infection
prevention practices. The next steps are validation of the study findings and piloting suggested best practices in some of the poultry
farms included in this study.

The LMT-s assessments and more importantly the module-based training carried out at national and sub-national labs and the assessment
conducted to identify biosecurity gaps in selected poultry farms will assist to build capacity for the implementation of lab and farm level good
practices to prevent the accidental or intentional release of biological agents that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment and
enable Ethiopia to advance IHR JEE indicator 7.2 from level 2 to 3.
JEE technical area: National laboratory system
Indicator: D1.1. Specimen referral and transport system JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: (moving from
JEE level 1 to 2)
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: D1.2. Laboratory quality system JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: (moving from
JEE level 3 to 4)
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: D1.3. Laboratory testing capacity modalities JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 3
▪ FAO provides DNA quantification and metagenomic assays kits to AHI Central Lab. Between November and December 2022,
FAO provided AHI with DNA quantification and metagenomic assays kits to allow for comprehensive and wide-ranging analyses of mixed
microbial populations using a sequencing workflow. Additionally, FAO has initiated procurement of viral RNA extraction kits, which are
essential for carrying out the assays. The current efforts in building AHI lab capacity is complementing support provided in the preceding
reporting period where FAO supported training of two AHI staff members in sequencing and metagenomics from 1-5 August 2022, in
Nairobi as well as that provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) which supplied a sequencing and bioinformatics unit in
March 2020. The goal is to enhance AHI’s capacity to process Unknown Camel Disease (UCD) samples that have already been collected
and those to be collected in future, as it endeavors to come up with a definitive diagnosis. The available hi-tech lab capacity will also be
utilized in conducting other potential pandemic disease investigations including the ongoing MERS-CoV longitudinal studies along the
high-risk areas in Ethiopia.

▪ Sub-national animal health staff trained in laboratory diagnostic techniques. As part of ongoing efforts to build capacity of the
15 national and subnational laboratories in Ethiopia, FAO supported training of 11 laboratory staff from Kombolcha sub-national lab on
2

basic laboratory diagnostic techniques. The training was conducted at the Animal Health Institute (AHI) in Sebeta from 7-16 November
2022. The training enabled the laboratory staff to be proficient in Quality Management System (QMS), sample handling and management,
and conducting basic diagnostic tests for animal and zoonotic diseases. Kombolcha is one of the priority animal health laboratories in
Ethiopia supported by the GHSA program but was affected by the conflict in northern Ethiopia.

• AHI utilizes installed lab capacity to conduct risk-based surveillance on Rift Valley Fever (RVF) based on FAO’s prediction maps
for the disease. In response to FAO climate forecast and alert for the Horn of Africa, AHI is conducting a risk-based surveillance for RVF
 starting mid-March 2023 in Afar regional state. So far, the team has collected 878 serum samples from sheep (280), goats (368), cattle
(190) and camels (40), from four districts (Gulina, Asayita, Gewane and Amibara). A second team will be dispatched to Oromia region in
April 2023 to collect additional samples. Once the survey is finished, all samples will be tested for RVF.

On the other hand, to enhance the One Health approach and increase collaboration between the animal and human health sector, the AHI team
has requested information on hemorrhagic fever cases in humans from hospitals in the districts surveyed. Except for Amibara Hospital, all the
other medical directors responded that RVF like case was unknown in their districts, and that if it did occur, it is normally treated as hemorrhagic
disorders which do not require further laboratory testing. In Amibara, however, the hospital had encountered a five-year-old child with extensive,
unstoppable hemorrhage and fever. The case was referred to Adama hospital for further investigation and treatment. Unfortunately, the patient
died without any laboratory testing having been done. This demonstrated the need to institutionalize collaboration and information sharing
between the human and animal health sectors. In the districts surveyed, it was clear that the disease-reporting and referral system for such cases
is severely deficient. Hospital directors in the districts stated that they have no direct contact with the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). To
enhance detection of potential RVF outbreaks early on and take the necessary precautions to stop its spread, ECTAD Ethiopia is going to advocate
for and support joint one-health surveillance activities whenever climate forecast and alerts for the virus indicate the need to do so.

AHI now has capacity to conduct nucleic acid amplification testing, basic sequencing, bacterial culture with antimicrobial sensitivity testing and is
ISO 17025:2017 accredited to conduct tests for RVF. In addition, sub-national labs have the capacity to conduct preliminary tests for most endemic
animal and zoonotic diseases. Overall Ethiopia is well on course to progress from IHR JEE indicator 1.3 Level 3 to Level 4 and beyond.
Indicator: D1.4. Effective national diagnostic network JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 3
▪ The AHI continues to strengthen its linkages with the sub-national and world reference labs. Out of 17,322 samples for animal
(12,437) and zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax (4885) tested by the AHI central labs between 2022
and 2023, 20% of these were referred from regional labs. Because of previous FAO-supported training on International Sample Shipment
(ISS), AHI was able to send 151 samples to World Reference Labs (WRL) for confirmation against animal and zoonotic (brucellosis, bovine
tuberculosis, and anthrax) diseases during the same time interval.
Looking at the output above, Ethiopian animal health services has started implementing a tier-specific diagnostic testing strategy for animal
health professionals to detect infectious diseases early, prevent disease spread, and reduce economic losses associated with animal diseases.
The country has also a sample referral network guideline. The output achieved in this reporting period is in line with these capacities and
initiatives. In view of the JEE 1 indicator “Effective modern point of care and laboratory-based diagnostics” which is now modified as “Effective
national diagnostic network” under JEE 2 and 3 Ethiopia is moving from the current JEE Level 3 to 4.

JEE technical area: Surveillance

Indicator: D2.1. Early warning surveillance function JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:
Indicator: D2.2. Event verification and investigation JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: (moving from
JEE level 2 to 3)
▪ Methodology for verifying and investigating Respiratory Diseases in Camels developed: FAO supported a consultative workshop
to develop methodology for investigating and verifying causes of respiratory diseases cases in camels with the aim of detecting and
identifying the causative agent of unknown camel disease. The workshop was conducted in Adama from 08-10 December 2022. A total of
20 participants from 2 Federal Animal health service institutions (Animal health Institute (AHI), Agricultural Research Institute) , 7 regional
animal health institutions (Somali Regional Animal health office, Somali Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Oromia Regional animal
health office, Afar Regional Vet Lab, Jigjiga Regional Vet Lab, Yabello Regional Vet lab and Yabello Agricultural Research Institute) and 4
Academic institutions (Semera University; Jigjiga University, Borana University, AAU- College of Vet Medicine and Agriculture) attended
the workshop. The methodology will be adapted to other priority diseases for implementation at the federal and regional level.

This contributes to advancement of IHR JEE indicator D2.2 from level 2 to 3.

Indicator: D2.3. Analysis and information sharing JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

JEE technical area: Human resources

Indicator: D3.1. Multisectoral workforce strategy JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 2
▪ A national animal health workforce development strategy developed- FAO supported the consultancy work to develop a
National Animal Health Workforce Strategy. The strategy was validated and endorsed at a workshop organised by FAO from 22-23
February 2023 in Adama. The workshop was attended by 24 (all male) participants from federal and sub-national animal health services,
academia, and civic societies. The strategy addresses major issues of animal health governance, budget, education and training, inter-
sectoral coordination, employment opportunities, roles of Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs) and incentives for effective
delivery of animal health services. Meanwhile the human health sector has already developed their sector specific strategy while the
environment sector is still to finalise their sector specific strategy. Once the sectors all have their sector specific strategies in place, the
plan is to jointly support an exercise to combine the strategies and produce a consolidated multispectral strategy for coordinated
implementation.

This will facilitate the country to progress on the IHR JEE indicator D3.1 from level 2 to 3.
Indicator: D3.2. Human resources for implementation of JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
International Health Regulations (IHR)
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: D3.3. Workforce training JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period: level 3
▪ Twenty-seven (27) ISAVET trainees graduate: 27 of the 30 ISAVET second Cohort trainees graduated at a ceremony held at the
College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture (CVMA) -Addis Ababa University campus in Bishoftu on 12 November 2022. The ceremony
was held back-to-back with a workshop to critically assess field project study reports and other reports of the ISAVET trainees that was
conducted from 10-12 November 2022, Bishoftu. The workshop was organized by MoA, FAO and the College of Veterinary Medicine and
Agriculture (CVMA). Following evaluation of their field project written report, each trainee also made oral presentation of their report,
which culminated in the qualification of 27 trainees from the second cohort. Graduation certificates were awarded by the Executive Lead
of Animal Health Services, MoA. 53 (6 Females) participants including 20 ISAVET graduates of the first cohort attended the graduation
ceremony where follow up discussion with the first cohort ISAVET graduates were conducted to identify ways of improving post training
linkage and information sharing.

▪ Ethiopia 2024 -2028 ISAVET Implementation strategy prepared: FAO organized a workshop to develop the ISAVET
implementation strategy (2024-2028). The workshop was held in Adama from 19-23 Dec 2022. The implementation strategy set strategic
goals of the program, which will guide implementation of the program for the next five years period. Ten (1 female) resource technical
team members drawn from MoA, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture (CVMA), Regional animal health office representatives
and FAO participated on the workshop.

▪ ISAVET technical advisory group reviewed third cohort training plan: FAO, in collaboration with MoA, organized a frontline
ISAVET Technical Working Group (TAG) meeting to conduct an after-action review of the second cohort ISAVET training and prepared an
action plan for the third cohort training. The workshop was held in Adama from November 30 to December 3, 2022. 13 (2 Females)
technical advisory group members from MoA, Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture
(CVMA), wildlife, and FAO attended the workshop. Furthermore, the participants also discussed mechanisms for connecting ISAVET
trainees with their counterparts in the human health Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP). The initiative was meant to strengthen
joint planning and information sharing at the grassroots levels.

Continuing with implementation of basic level ESAVET program contributed in the country maintaining IHR JEE indicator D3.3 on level 3.
Indicator: D3.4. Workforce surge during a public health event JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:
JEE technical area: Health emergency management
Indicator: R1.1. Emergency risk assessment and readiness JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R1.2. Public health emergency operations centre JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
(PHEOC)
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R1.3. Management of health emergency response JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R1.4. Activation and coordination of health personnel JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
and teams in a public health emergency
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R1.5. Emergency logistic and supply chain JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
management
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R1.6. Research, development and innovation JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:
JEE technical area: Infection prevention and control (IPC)
Indicator: R4.1. IPC programmes JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R4.2. Healthcare associated infection (HCAI) JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
surveillance
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R4.3. Safe environment in health facilities JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

JEE technical area: Risk communication and community engagement (RCCE)

Indicator: R5.1. RCCE system for emergencies JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R5.2. Risk communication JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: R5.3. Community engagement JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:
JEE technical area: IHR related hazards and points of entry (PoEs) and border health
Indicator: PoE1. Core capacity requirements at all times for PoEs JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
(airports, ports and ground crossings)
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: PoE2. Public health response at PoEs JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Indicator: PoE3. Risk-based approach to international travel- JEE estimate as of the end of the reporting period:
related
measures
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

OTHER NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS (if applicable)

1. Include here any activities that may not directly align to a JEE technical area but contribute to global health security.
2. If appliable, any activities that are aligned to a JEE technical area not included above can be listed here (e.g.
immunization).
3. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) also submits annual reports related to digital
technology; gender equity and women’s empowerment; and science and innovation. This space can be used to provide any
notable achievements relevant to those areas that were not captured above.
Describe progress made toward improved capacities:

Section 3: Success stories/stories of change, improvement or impact

Instructions:
4. Provide examples of outcome or impact (e.g. improved system performance), evidence of country
ownership/sustainability or other success stories.

Success stories and key achievements

One Health approach demonstrated in the control of Anthrax outbreak
Problem statement
Sporadic Anthrax outbreaks are often occurring in South Bench district, which is located in Bench Sheko zone, in the Southwest Ethiopia Regional State. The
agro-ecological condition of the district is high-humid mid-land altitude. The current outbreak incidence occurred on 28 February 2023 in Debre-Work Kebele,
where a sick cow was slaughtered, and the meat was shared among the community in the village. The community did not know the cow could have died due to
Anthrax infection neither did they consult the local animal health workers on the safety of the meat. Following the slaughter, 4 people who had been in contact
with the carcass and consumed meat there started showing symptoms of cutaneous anthrax and 2 also had GIT anthrax symptoms. Despite presenting
themselves at the local clinic for treatment, there was no trace back conducted from the human health side to identify the source, and the animal health side
remained unaware of the cases
ISAVET program contributed to resolve the problem
Within the same week, more cases of sudden death in animals (3 cattle and 6 sheep) were witnessed in the same community and one of these was reported to
the local veterinarian who in turn reported to one of the ISAVET first cohort graduates at the Zonal Animal Health Office for support to do a full investigation. In
response the ISAVET graduate at zonal level immediately initiated an outbreak investigation call to the regional veterinary office. The ISAVET graduate joined
hands with colleagues from the Regional Veterinary Laboratory and traveled to the affected area on 02-03 March 2023. On arrival in South Bench district, the
team communicated with district Public Health Emergency centre, mobilized the local Rapid Response Team (RRT), which incorporated animal health outbreak
investigation team and district public health experts. The regional team together with the district RRT travelled to the hotspot area Debre-work Kebele. In Debre-
work Village where they traced the animal index case and other unreported cases in both animals and humans including active cases. At the same time, people
that got in contact with slaughtered cattle carcass and consumed the meat were also assessed.

Actions jointly taken in One-Health approach were as follows:

Animal Health actions Human Health actions
• Sample collection for lab confirmation • Case management,
• Active case search • Active case search
• Antibiotic treatment of in-contact animals • Collection and burned of remnants of
meat in each household
• Organizing mass vaccination of at animal • Decontamination of all in-contact
population at risk surfaces and areas using disinfectants and
burning
• Burning and burying of carcasses of anthrax • Community Awareness/Health
suspect cases Education
 • Community Awareness
• Instituting temporary closure of slaughter
slabs and butcher shops until problem if resolved.

Major positive changes achieved

• Outbreak control using the One-Health approach practically demonstrated
• Field epidemiology knowledge and skill applied in outbreak investigation and information sharing
• Community gain knowledge on Anthrax risk, disease prevention and control as well as employment of sanitary measures to minimize further
spread of the disease
• Community ownership and active participation in resolving problem
•
Who benefited?
• Community in Debre-work village benefited which includes 50 at risk households with 269 peoples (128 male and 141 female), who were
screened for anthrax.
How was it achieved?
ISAVET trained animal health expert at the zonal animal health office organized an outbreak investigation team from Regional Vet lab and coordination created
with District public health emergency center RRT members to jointly conduct outbreak investigation and institute response measures.
Who did FAO partner with to achieve this (and how)?
FAO established linkage with ISAVET trained animal health experts in the field and this success story was shared to FAO through the outbreak investigation
report.

Section 4: Outbreak response (filled by HQ please leave blank)

Instructions:
5. Summarize outbreak response activities that occurred during the reporting period, including any progress made to
more rapidly detect, report or respond to outbreaks.
6. Where available, indicate for each outbreak, the number of days from emergence/outbreak start to detection, number
of days from detection to notification of appropriate authorities, number of days from notification to response initiation
(these are aligned to the 7-1-7 approach).
7. Please only include World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) reportable diseases.

Outbreak response
Section 5: Challenges
Instructions:
8. Please describe if any challenges to implementation were encountered during the reporting period and any steps that
were taken to address them.

Challenges
1. Internal Conflicts disrupting delivery of basic animal health services, animal data collection and transmission from frontline
offices to central level.
2. Declining funding for Animal Health Services esp. zoonoses)- Veterinary services need to be capacitated on ways of expanding
their resource base incorporate private sector in delivery of some of the animal health services amenable to privatization.
3. FAO ET received one-third of the planned budget from FAO HQ for the fiscal year 2023 due to the transition from old to new
USAID funding. As a result, activities were prioritized and significantly downsized.

Section 6: Monitoring and evaluation data (filled by HQ please leave blank)

Instructions:
1. Please provide data for the following GHS Program and USAID standard indicators, as applicable (in the table provided
below or in an Excel spreadsheet).
2. Semi-annual totals and subtotals for applicable disaggregations should be provided.
3. The Performance Indicator Reference Sheets have been linked to the indicator number to provide more details.
 Semi-annual
# Indicator Disaggregation levels
total
GHS Program
1. Sex: Male, Female, Unknown/Not Reported
2. Age: Youth (15-29 years), Adult (30+ years), Other,
Number of professionals trained to Unknown
GHS-6 prevent, detect, and respond to EID 3. JEE Technical Area: Antimicrobial Resistance
threats (AMR), Laboratory, Surveillance, Infection Prevention and
Control (IPC), Outbreak Preparedness and Response
(Zoonotic Disease), Other
1. Lab Level: National, sub-national
Number and list of USAID-supported 2. Lab Affiliation: Government vs. Non-government
HL4-2 laboratories that can test for emerging 3. Lab Type: Veterinary lab vs. public health lab
infectious diseases and AMR 4. For each lab: list which EID and AMR/AMS tests
can be performed
Number of WHO- or WOAH-reportable
HL4-3 outbreaks responded to with USAID 1. Disaggregate by disease
support
USAID Standard
Number of peer-reviewed scientific
publications resulting from USG support Provide information on publications using this data collection
STIR-12
to research and implementation form.
programs

Outbreak response metrics

(To be provided for each WOAH-reportable outbreak response that FAO substantially supported. This is based on the 7-1-7
approach)
Number of days from N/A (report for
Include this information where available
emergence/outbreak start to detection each outbreak)
Number of days from detection to N/A (report for
Include this information where available
notification of appropriate authorities each outbreak)
 Number of days from notification to N/A (report for
Include this information where available
response initiation each outbreak)

Section 7: Photos (optional but appreciated)

Instructions:
2. Include here or as an attachment any relevant photos with an accompanying caption that tells the viewer the who,
what, where, when and why of the subject matter and the photographer. Please note, properly credited photos may be
shared on social media and should follow USAID guidance.

WAAW 2022 participants group photo

Photo: WAAW launch and handover of the AMR sector specific NAP.

Photo: WAAW panel discussion

WAAW presentation on AMR overview by Mr Tenaw Andualem of UN-FAO, Photo credit, Workineh Getahun, MTaPS

Representatives of civic society organizations pledging commitment to combat AMR (WAAW)

Training on Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (Antimicrobials included)
Management and Use (Arbaminch)
Pictures: Heads of Sidama Region Bureaus of Health, Livestock Resource Development and Environment Protection Authority Signing on the OH
MoU

Picture: high-level policy makers discussion on effective One Health implementation in Ethiopia: challenges, opportunities and way ahead at the
Belgian Embassy, Addis Ababa

Anthrax Outbreak response photos

Community action to burry Anthrax died cow in pitted hole. Laboratory personnel donning Personal protection equipment for Sample collection
from dead animal
LMT-s training and assessment session in Jigjiga sub-national veterinary laboratory
AHI team collecting blood samples for RVF from a came in Gulina district
ISAVET successfully completed trainees awarded certificate

Participants on drafting Meat Inspection and safety legislation