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bghJ¤nj®î khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ-(2021-22) Fiw¡f¥g£l ghl§fË‹ mo¥gilÆš ju¥g£LŸsJ.

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bghUsl¡f«
kd¥ghl¢ brŒíŸ gFâ ............................................................ 1-3

ïaš bghU©ik ghl¤ jiy¥òfŸ g¡f

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m‹id bkhÊna! (brŒíŸ)
bkhÊ
1. jÄœ¢brhš ts« (ciueil) 4-21
mKj C‰W vG¤J, brhš (ïy¡fz«)
ïa‰if, R‰W¢NHš fh‰nw th! (brŒíŸ)
2. bjhifÃiy¤ bjhl®fŸ (ïy¡fz«) 22-33
cÆÇ‹ Xir

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nfhgšyòu¤J k¡fŸ (Jiz¥ghl«)
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3. bjhfhÃiy¤ bjhl®fŸ (ïy¡fz«) 34-52

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T£lhŠnrhW âU¡FwŸ (brŒíŸ)
m¿Éaš, bjhÊšE£g«. bgUkhŸ âUbkhÊ (brŒíŸ)

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eh‹fh« jÄœ ïy¡fz« - bghJ (ïy¡fz«)

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fiy, mH»aš, òJikfŸ
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kz‰nf âU¡FwŸ (brŒíŸ)
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á‰wfš xË(j‹ tuyhW) (ciueil)

bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â (brŒíŸ)
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ehfÇf«, ehL, r_f«

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òw¥bghUŸ ïy¡fz« (ïy¡fz«)

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r§f ïy¡»a¤âš mw« (ciueil)

mw«, j¤Jt«, áªjid fhy¡fÂj« (brŒíŸ)
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bgUtÊ ïuhkhDr® (ehlf«) (Jiz¥ghl«)

gh-tif, my»Ljš (ïy¡fz«)
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b#afhªj« (Ãidî ïjœ) (ciueil)

kÅj«, MSik
nj«ght (brŒíŸ)
9. xUt‹ ïU¡»wh‹ 145-170
m‹ã‹ bkhÊ mÂfŸ (ïy¡fz«)
bkhʤâw‹ gƉáfŸ
bghUŸ jUf, ãǤJ vGJf, ïy¡fz¡F¿¥ò, gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz«, ïy¡»a ea« ghuh£lš, 171-208
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RuhÉ‹ khâÇ Édh¤jhŸ 2021-22 209-212

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kd¥ghl¢ brŒíŸ
ïaš - 1 m‹id bkhÊna
mHfh®ªj brªjÄnH!
fÅ¢rhW (bjhFâ-1)
m‹id bkhÊna! mHfh®ªj brªjÄnH! ãoV-4, 6; miuah©L¤ nj®î 2019

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thshš mW¤J¢ RoD« kU¤Jt‹ ghš 
khshj fhjš nehahs‹ nghš kha¤jhš
Ûsh¤ Ja®jÇD« ɤJt¡ nfh£l«kh! Ú
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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

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Ty« Fɤj Ty åâí«; ïªâuÉHh CbuL¤j fhij(mo 18-23) - ïs§nfhtofŸ

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

ïaš - 8
fhy¡fÂj«
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khW« cy»‹ kf¤Jt« m¿nt‹!
v›btit Ôik v›btit e‹ik
v‹g j¿ªJ VFbk‹ rhiy!
jiyt® khWt®; j®gh® khW«;
j¤Jt« k£Lnk m£ra gh¤âu«!
bfhŸnth® bfhŸf; Fiu¥ngh® Fiu¡f!
cŸthŒ th®¤ij cl«ò bjhlhJ;
ehnd bjhl¡f«; ehnd Koî;

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ehDiu¥ gJjh‹ eh£o‹ r£l«!  - f©zjhr‹

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bkhÊ - mKjC‰W fÉij¥ngiH

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f‰git f‰wã‹
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x¤j gâ‰W¥g¤J X§F gÇghlš
f‰w¿ªjh® V¤J« fÈnahL mf«òw« v‹W
ï¤âw¤j v£L¤bjhif’’

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ï¢brŒíËš ïl«bg‰WŸs v£L¤ bjhif üšfis¥ bga®¡fhuz¤Jl‹ vL¤J¡fh£Lf.
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R£L« `âiz' v‹D« bgaU« nr®ªJ `e‰¿iz' v‹D« bga® bg‰wJ.
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FWªbjhif vd¥ bga®bg‰wJ.

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2. ‘‘vªjÄœ eh Ë bgUik vL¤nj ciuÉÇ¡F«’’ v‹w ghlyoia¡ bfh©L tF¥giwÆš IªJ ÃÄl
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cy»š cŸs bjh‹ikahd bkhÊfSŸ jÄœbkhÊí« x‹W v‹whš ÄifahfhJ. ï‹W«

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jÄœ bkhÊ.
jÄœbkhÊ bjh‹ik, vËik, x©ik, ïsik, tsik, jhŒik, öŒik, br«ik, bgUik,
âUik, ïa‹ik, Éa‹ik vd¥ gytif bgUikfis xU§nfíilaJ v‹»wh® Ph.njtnea¥
ghthz®.
K©lhR fÉP‹ kfhfÉ ghuâ mt®fŸ,
``ahk¿ªj bkhÊfËny jÄœbkhÊnghš
ïÅjhtJ v§F« fhnzh«'' v‹wh®.
mªjsɉF¤ jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ bgUikia cyf¿í«. nkY« jÄœbkhÊ ïa‰ifahfnt ngRtj‰F
vËikahf mikªâU¥gjhš eh« jÄœ vG¤Jfis vËjhf c¢rÇ¡fyh«.
jÄÊ‹ áw¥ig cz®ªj nkiyeh£L m¿P® lh¡l® Í.ô.ngh¥., jÄiH e‹F f‰W mj‹ áw¥ãid
cz®ªjjhš jkJ fšyiwÆš ``ï§nf xU jÄœ khzt‹ cw§»¡ bfh©oU¡»wh‹'' v‹W bgh¿¡f¢
brŒjh®.

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

cy»‹ _¤j bkhÊ jÄœbkhÊ. _¤j¡Fo ts®¤j bkhÊah« jÄœbkhÊ k‰w bkhÊfis¡ fh£oY«
ïÅikí«, bgUikí« gšntW ïy¡»a bjh‹ikfisí« ïaš, ïir, ehlf« v‹W K¤jÄœ
bfh©l bkhÊah« e« jÄœ bkhÊ, jÄœbkhÊ¡F <L ïiz ï›îy»š vªj bkhÊí« ïšiybad
bgUikahf vL¤Jiu¥ng‹.
vªj‹ jÄÊ‹ bgUikia cyf mu§F KG¡f vL¤Jiu¥ng‹ mJnt eh‹ brŒj gh¡»a« v‹W
gyU« TW»‹wd®.
muR nj®î Édh¡fŸ
1. ``m‹id bkhÊna'' fÉij ïl« bgW« üš fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
m) üwháÇa« M) fÅ¢rhW
ï) v©Rit <) ghÉa¡bfh¤J  Éil M) fÅ¢rhW
2. âuhÉl bkhÊfË‹ x¥ãaš ïy¡fz« v‹D« üiy vGâat® ah®? fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
m) ghthz® M) fhšLbtš

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bj‹d‹ kfns! âU¡FwË‹ kh©òfnH!’’
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(i) gHik¡F¥ gHikahŒ¤ njh‹¿a eW§fÅna, gh©oa k‹dÅ‹ kfns!
ex
(ii) âU¡FwË‹ bgU« bgUik¡F cÇatns! ïÅikahd g¤J¥gh£nl! v£L¤bjhifna! gâbd©
Ñœ¡fz¡nf! Ãiy¤j bgUikíila áy¥gâfhunk! mHfhd kÂnkfiyna! cŸs¤âš
bgh§»baG« áw¥ghd ÃidîfSl‹ jiyia¤ jhœ¤â tz§F»nwh«.
vi

TLjš Édh¡fŸ
al

gyîŸ bjÇf.
1. bgUŠá¤âudhÇ‹ ïa‰bga®
.k

m) Jiu.kh¡f« M) â. ïuhrnfhghy‹
ï) JiuuhR <) v¤âuhrY Éil m) Jiu.kh¡f«
w

2. ‘bj‹d‹ kfns!’ ï¤bjhlÇš bj‹d‹ v‹gt®

m) nru‹ M) nrhH‹ ï) gh©oa‹ <) gšyt‹  Éil ï) gh©oa‹
w

3. bgUŠá¤âudhÇ‹ vªj¥ gil¥ò jÄG¡F¡ fUñykhŒ mikªjJ?

m) cy»aš üW M) âU¡FwŸ bkŒ¥bghUSiu
w

ï) fÅ¢rhW <) v©Rit v©gJ 

 Éil M) âU¡FwŸ bkŒ¥bghUSiu
4. “v‹w‹ rh«gY« jÄœkzªJ ntfnt©L«” v‹W T¿at®
m) Í.ô. ngh¥ M) fhšLbtš
ï) f.r¢ájhdªj‹ <) g.á§fhu« Éil ï) f.r¢ájhdªj‹
5. ‘fÅ¢rhW’ v‹w fÉij üiy¥ gil¤jt®
m) ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh® M) jhuhghuâ
ï) thÂjhr‹ <) Koaur‹ Éil m) ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh®
6. brªjÄœ v‹gij¥ ãǤjhš ï›thW tU«
m) brª + jÄœ M) br« + jÄœ
ï) br«ik + jÄœ <) br + jÄœ Éil ï) br«ik + jÄœ

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

7. ‘J«ã’ v‹gj‹ bghUŸ
m) t©z¤J¥ó¢á M) njÜ ï) j£lh‹ó¢á <) t©L Éil <) t©L
8. brªjhkiu v‹gij¥ ãǤjhš ï›thW tU«
m) brª + jhkiu M) br« + jhkiu
ï) át¥ò + jhkiu <) br«ik + jhkiu Éil <) br«ik + jhkiu
9. jÄH‹idÆ‹ kh©òfHhf¡ fÉP® tU¤j üš vJ?
m) âU¡FwŸ M) g¤J¥gh£L ï) v£L¤bjhif <) áy¥gâfhu« Éil m) âU¡FwŸ
10. ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh® Ñœ¡f©l vªj ïjœfŸ thÆyhf jÄGz®it cybf§F« gu¥ãdh®?
m) bj‹bkhÊ, bj‹wš M) jÄœ¢á£L, FÆš
ï) bj‹bkhÊ, jÄœ¢á£L <) etghuâ, FÆš Éil ï) bj‹bkhÊ, jÄœ¢á£L

FWÉdh

in
1. bgUŠá¤âudh® ïa‰¿a üšfŸ ahit?
bgUŠá¤âudh® ïa‰¿a üšfŸ: cy»aš üW, ghÉa¡bfh¤J, üwháÇa«, fÅ¢rhW, Iia,

s.
v©Rit v©gJ, kfòFtŠá, gŸË¥ gwitfŸ KjÈad.
2. bgUŠá¤âudh® vk¡FÆ® vd vjid¡ TW»wh®?

s
bgUŠá¤âudh® jÄnH vkJÆ® vd¡ TW»wh®.

re
3. t©il¥ nghš eh« v‹d brŒtjhf MáÇa® F¿¥ãL»wh®?
brªjhkiu¤ njid¡ Fo¤J¢ áwfir¤J¥ ghL« t©il¥ nghy eh« jÄiH¢ Rit¤J jÄÊ‹
bgUikia KH§Ftjhf MáÇa® F¿¥ãL»wh®.
p
4. m‹id bkhÊ¥ ghliy mHfh¡F« üšfŸ ahit?
ex
m‹id bkhÊ¥ ghliy mHfh¡F« üšfŸ : âU¡FwŸ, g¤J¥gh£L, v£L¤bjhif, gâbd©
Ñœ¡fz¡F, áy¥gâfhu«, kÂnkfiy.
5. jÄœ vt‰nwhL ïiz¤J¥ ngr¥gL»wJ?
vi

É©nzhL«, K»nyhL«, cL¡fnshL«, fâutndhL«, flnyhL« jÄœ ïiz¤J¥ ngr¥gL»wJ.

al

6. jÄœ v›thW ts®ªjJ?

jÄœ, ïaš, ïir, ehlf« v‹D« K¤jÄHhŒ ts®ªjJ.
.k

7. bgUŠá¤âudh® m‹id bkhÊia thœ¤J« Éj¤ij vGJf.

m‹idna bkhÊna! mHfhŒ mikªj brGªjÄnH! gHik¡F¥ gHikahŒ¤ njh‹¿a eW§fÅna!
w

flš bfh©l FkÇ¡ f©l¤âš Ãiy¤J murh©l k©Qyf¥ nguunr! gh©oa k‹dÅ‹ kfns!
âU¡FwË‹ bgU« bgUik¡FÇatns! g¤J¥gh£nl! v£L¤bjhifna! gâbd© Ñœ¡fz¡nf! Ãiy¤j
áy¥gâfhunk! mHfhd kÂnkfiyna! bgh§»baG« Ãidîfshš jiygªJ thœ¤J»‹nwh«.
w


w

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bkhÊ - mKjC‰W ciueil cyf«

ïaš
1 jÄœ¢brhš ts« - njtnea¥ ghthz®

f‰git f‰wã‹
1. ã‹tU« ÃytiffË‹ bga®fS¡fhd fhuz§fis¡ nf£l¿ªJ tF¥giwÆš g»®f.
jÇR, átš, fÇrš, Ku«ò, òw«ngh¡F, Rtš, mtš.
(i) jÇR - rhFgo brŒa¥glhkš »l¡F« Ãy«.
(ii) átš - át¥ò Ãwkhf ïU¡F« Ãy«.
(iii) fÇrš - fU¥ò Ãw« bfh©l k© cŸs Ãy«.

in
(iv) Ku«ò - gU¡if fšYŸs nk£L Ãy«
(v) òw«ngh¡F - muá‹ f£L¥gh£oYŸs Ãy§fis¥ òw«ngh¡F v‹g®.
(vi) Rtš - nklhd gFâÆYŸs Ãy«

s.
(vii) mtš - gŸskhd gFâÆYŸs Ãy«

s
2. xU bghUŸ jU« gy brh‰fis¥ g£oaÈLf.
v.fh. : brhšYjš - ngRjš, És«òjš, br¥òjš, ciu¤jš, Twš, ïa«òjš, bkhÊjš

re
(i) »Ë - j¤ij, Rf«, »Ÿis
(ii) FHªij - kfî, FHÉ, nrŒ, ãŸis
(iii) NÇa‹ - PhÆW, fâut‹, gfnyh‹, gÇâ
p
(iv) beU¥ò - Ô, mdš, fdš, Rl®
(v) brhš - gj«, »sÉ, bkhÊ
ex
(vi) bg© - e§if, k§if
(vii) taš - fHÅ, jÇR, gHd«, brŒ, fhÂ.
vi

ãoV k‰W« muR nj®î Édh - ÉilfŸ

gyîŸ bjÇf.
al

1. ïikfis _oago vGJ« M‰wiy¡ f‰W¡bfh©lt®.  ãoV-2

m) jÄHHfdh® M) m¥gh¤Jiuah®
.k

ï) njtnea¥ ghthz® <) ïuh.ïs§Fkudh®  Éil <) ïuh. ïs§Fkudh®

Éil¡nf‰w Édh¡fŸ mik¡f. 
w

1. xU eh£L ts¤â‰F¤ j¡fgona, mªeh£L k¡fË‹ m¿bthG¡f§fŸ mikªâU¡F«. ãoV-3

w

k¡fË‹ m¿bthG¡f§fŸ v›thW mikªâU¡F«?

2. brhšyhuhŒ¢áÆš ghthzU« Éaªj bgUkfdh® jÄœ¤âU ïuh.ïs§Fkudh®. ãoV-3
w

brhšyhuhŒ¢áÆš ghthzU« Éaªj bgUkfdh® ah®?

FWÉdh
1. jÄœ¢brhš ts« F¿¤J fhšLbtš F¿¥ãL« fU¤ij vGJf. ãoV-1
jÄÊš k£L« ga‹gL¤j¥g£L¤ jÄG¡nf áw¥ghf cÇadthf¡ fUj¥gL« brh‰fŸ k£Lk‹¿¤
bjY§F, f‹dl« KjÈa ãw âuhÉl bkhÊfS¡FÇadthf¡ fUj¥gL« brh‰fS« jÄÊš cŸsd
v‹»wh® fhšLbtš.
2. jÄœeh£L beštiffŸ áyt‰iw¡ F¿¥ãLf.  m.kh.É 2019
 Äœeh£L bešÈš brªbeš, bt©bzš, fh®beš v‹W« r«gh, k£il, fh® v‹W« gy tiffŸ
j
ïU¥gJl‹ mt‰WŸ r«ghÉš k£L« MÉu«ó¢r«gh, Mid¡bfh«g‹ r«gh, F©L¢r«gh,
FâiuthÈ¢ r«gh, áWk¢r«gh, Óuf¢r«gh KjÈa mWgJ cŸtiffŸ cŸsd.

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

3. jhtu¤â‹ EÅ¥ gFâfis¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fŸ ahit? fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
jhtu¤â‹ EÅ¥gFâfis¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fis¡ bfhGªJ v‹»nwh«.
beš, òš - JË® (m) jË®
òË, nt«ò - K¿ (m) bfhGªJ
nrhs«, fU«ò, bj‹id, gid - FU¤J
fU«ã‹ EÅ¥ gFâ - bfhGªjhil vd¥gL«.
4. g‹bkhÊ¥ òyt® f. m¥gh¤Jiuah® F¿¤J vGJf. miuah©L¤ nj®î 2019
FkÇ kht£l« MušthŒ bkhÊÆš 24-6-1907ïš ãwªjh®. jÄœeh£L bkhÊÆaš tšYe®fSŸ xUt®.
g‹bkhÊ¥òyt® vd¥ bga® bg‰wt®. ït® vGâa üšfŸ: FkÇ¡ f©l«, bj‹dh£L¥ ngh®¡fs§fŸ.

TLjš Édh¡fŸ
gyîŸ bjÇf.

in
1. Ñœf©lt‰¿š motifia¡ F¿¡F« brhš vJ?

s.
m) jhŸ M) fit ï) njhif <) JË® Éil m) jhŸ
2. FU¤J v‹gJ

s
m) »is¥ãÇî M) motif ï) ïiy tif <) bfhGªJ tif 
 Éil <) bfhGªJ tif

re
3. f¢rš v‹gJ
m) thiH¥ãŠR M) kh«ãŠR ï) gyh¥ãŠR <) vŸ ãŠR Éil m) thiH¥ãŠR
4. cyf¤ânyna xU bkhÊ¡fhf (jÄœ) cyf khehL el¤âa Kjš ehL vJ?
p
m) jÄœehL M) ïy§if ï) knyáah <) á§f¥ó®  Éil ï) knyáah
ex
5. ïuh. ïs§Fkudh® âUtŸSt® jt¢rhiy k‰W« ghthz® üyf¤ij vªj CÇš mikªJŸsh®
m) bgu«gÿ® M) b#a§bfh©l«
ï) mšÿ® <)  jŠrhñ®  Éil ï) mšÿ®
vi

6. ïuh. ïs§Fkudh® ïikfis _oago vGJtj‰F ahiu K‹ndhoahf¡ bfh©lh®?

m) njtnea¥ ghthz® M) jÄœ¤bj‹wš âU.É.f.
al

ï) f.m¥gh¤Jiuah® <) bgUŠá¤âudh®  Éil M) jÄœ¤bj‹wš âU.É.f.

7. brªjÄœ¢ brh‰ãw¥ãaš mfuKjȤ â£l ïa¡Feuhf¥ gÂah‰¿at®
m) njtnea¥ ghthz® M) c.nt. rhÄehj®
.k

ï) âU.É.fšahz Rªjudh® <) ïuh.ã.nrJ¥ãŸis Éil m) njtnea¥ ghthz®

8.
w

njtnea¥ ghthzÇ‹ áw¥ò¥ bga® vJ?

m) brhšÈ‹ bršt® M) bkhÊPhÆW
ï) jÄœ¤bj‹wš <) ïu©lh« e¡Ñu® Éil M) bkhÊPhÆW
w

9. “ehL« bkhÊí« ekâU f©fŸ” v‹W T¿at®

m) Í.ô. ngh¥ M) fhšLntš
w

ï) ghuâah® <) g.á§fhu« Éil ï) ghuâah®

10. 'jÄœ¢brhš ts«' v‹w f£LiuÆ‹ MáÇa®
m) ïy¡Ftdh® M) ïuh.ã.nrJ¥ãŸis
ï) K.tujuhrdh® <) njtnea¥ ghthz® Éil <) njtnea¥ ghthz®
FWÉdh
1. ïuh. ïs§Fkudh®, ahiu¥ nghy ïikfis _oago vGJ« M‰wiy¡ f‰¿Uªjh®?
ïuh. ïs§Fkudh®, jÄœ¤ bj‹wš âU.É.f. nghy ïikfis _oago vGJ« M‰wiy¡ f‰¿Uªjh®.
2. vjid ïH¡f¡ Tlhbj‹W ïuh.ïs§Fkudh® TW»wh®?
ÉÊfis ïH¡f neÇ£lhY« jhŒ¤jÄiH ïH¡f¡ Tlhbj‹W ïuh. ïs§Fkudh® TW»wh®.

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3. fhŒªj jhtu tiffŸ v›thW bga® bgW»‹wd?
fhŒªj F¢R RŸË vdî«, áW»is Éwbfdî«, fhŒªj fÊ bt§fÊbadî« fhŒªj bfh«ò«,
fití«, moí« f£il vdî« bga® bgW»‹wd.
4. jhtu§fË‹ ïiy tiffis¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fis vGJf.
òË, nt«ò ït‰¿‹ ïiy, ïiy vdnt tH§f¥gL»wJ. beš, òš ït‰¿‹ ïiy jhŸ vdî«,
nrhs«, fU«ò ït‰¿‹ ïiy njhif vdî«, bj‹id, gid ït‰¿‹ ïiy Xiy vdî«, fhŒªj
jhS«, njhifí« r©bldî«, fhŒªj ïiy rUF vdî« tH§f¥bgW«.
5. óÉ‹ Ãiyfis vGJf.
óÉ‹ njh‰w Ãiy mU«ò vdî«, óÉÇa¤ bjhl§F« Ãiy nghJ vdî«, ó ky®ªj Ãiy ky® mšyJ
my® vdî«, kuŠbroÆÈUªJ ó ÑnH ÉGªj Ãiy å vdî«, ó thoa Ãiy br«kš vdî«, óÉ‹
ÃiyfŸ F¿¡f¥gL»‹wd.
6. jhtu¤â‹ ãŠR tiffS¡F tH§F« bga®fis vGJf.

in
ónthL Toa ïs«ãŠR ó« ãŠR vdî«, ïs§fhŒ ãŠR vdî«, kh¥ãŠR tL vdî«, gyh¥ãŠR _R
vdî«, bj‹id, gid KjÈat‰¿‹ ïs«ãŠR FU«ig vdî«, áWFU«ig K£L¡ FU«ig vdî«,
K‰whj nj§fhŒ ïsÚ® vdî«, ïs«gh¡F EHhŒ vdî«, ïsbeš fU¡fš vdî«, thiH¥ãŠR f¢rš

s.
vdî« tH§f¥gL»wJ.
7. gH¤njhš tiffS¡fhd bga®fis vGJf.

s
gH§fË‹ nk‰gFâfis¡ F¿¡F« brh‰fŸ: Äf bkšÈa nk‰gFâ bjhÈ, â©zkhdJ njhš,

re
t‹ikahdJ njhL, Äf t‹ikahdJ XL, RiuÆ‹ XL FL¡if, nj§fhŒ be‰¿‹ nk‰gFâ k£il,
beš, f«ã‹ _o cÄ, tuF, nfœtuF ït‰¿‹ cÄ bfh«ik vd¥ gšntW bga®fshš F¿¡f¥gL»wJ.
8. jhÅa kÂfS¡F tH§F« bga®fis vGJf.
p
(i) beš, f«ò KjÈait Ty« vd tH§f¥gL«.
(ii) mtiu, cSªJ KjÈait gaW vd¥gL«.
ex
(iii) nt®¡fliy, bfh©il¡fliy KjÈait fliy vd¥gL«. f¤jÇ, ÄsfhŒ KjÈat‰¿‹ ɤJ
Éij vd¥gL«.
(iv) òË, fhŠáiu ït‰¿‹ ɤJ fhœ v‹W«, nt«ò, Mkz¡F ït‰¿‹ ɤJ K¤J v‹W«
vi

miH¡f¥gL«.
(v) kh, gidÆ‹ ɤJ bfh£ilahF«. bj‹idÆ‹ ɤJ nj§fhŒ vd¥gL«.
al

(vi) mtiu, Jtiu KjÈa gaW tiffŸ Kâiu vd¥gL«.

9. jhtu§fË‹ ïs« gÆ® tif¡fhd brh‰fis vGJf.
.k

(i) beš, f¤jÇ - eh‰W

(ii) kh, òË, thiH - f‹W
(iii) thiHÆ‹ ïsÃiy - FU¤J
w

(iv) bj‹idÆ‹ ïsÃiy - ãŸis

(v) ÉshÉ‹ ïsÃiy - F£o
w

(vi) gidÆ‹ ïsÃiy - klÈ (m) tlÈ

(vii) beš, nrhs« ït‰¿‹ gR«gÆ® - ig§Tœ
w

10. nfhJikÆ‹ tiffŸ ahit?

nfhJikÆ‹ tiffŸ: r«gh¡nfhJik, F©L¡nfhJik, th‰nfhJik.
11. xU jhtu¤â‹ mo¥gFâia¡ F¿¥gj‰fhd brh‰fis És¡Ff.
xU jhtu¤â‹ mo¥gFâia¡ F¿¥gj‰fhd brh‰fŸ :
beš, nfœtuF - jhŸ
Ñiu, thiH - j©L
be£o, ÄsfhŒ¢bro - nfhš
F¤J¢bro, òj® - öW
f«ò, nrhs« - j£L mšyJ j£il
fU«ò - fÊ
_§»š - fiH

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12. jhtu¤â‹ »is¥ ãÇîfis És¡Ff.
(i) jhtu¤â‹ moÆÈUªJ ãǪJ bršY« ãÇîfŸ »isahF«. mit bt›ntW brh‰fshš
tH§f¥gL»wJ. moku¤âÈUªJ ãÇí« khbgU« »is fit vd¥gL«. fitÆ‹ ãÇîfŸ bfh«ò
mšyJ bfh¥ò vd tH§f¥gL«.
(ii) bfh«ã‹ ãÇî »is vdî«, »isÆ‹ ãÇî áid vdî«, áidÆ‹ ãÇî ngh¤J v‹W«,
ngh¤â‹ ãÇî F¢R vdî«, F¢áÆ‹ ãÇî ïQ¡F vdî« tH§f¥gL«.
áWÉdh
1. jhtu§fË‹ Fiy tiffŸ v›thbwšyh« tH§f¥gL»wJ?
(i) mtiu, Jtiu ït‰¿‹ Fiy bfh¤J vdî«,
(ii) bfho KªâÇ Fiy vdî«, thiH¡Fiy jhW vdî«,
(iii) nrhs«, nfœtu»‹ Fiy fâ® vdî«,
(iv) beš, âid ït‰¿‹ fâ® myF mšyJ Fuš vdî«,

in
(v) thiH¤jh‰¿‹ gFâ Ó¥ò vdî« tH§f¥gL»wJ.
2. bf£L¥nghd fhŒfS¡F tH§F« brh‰fis vGJf.

s.
(i) EÅÆš RU§»a fhŒ N«gš.
(ii) RU§»a gH« áÉaš.
(iii) òGó¢á mǤj fhŒ mšyJ fÅ brh¤ij.

s
(iv) N£odhš gG¤j ãŠR bt«gš.

re
(v) FSFS¤j gH« mËaš.
(vi) FS FS¤J eh¿a gH« mšyJ fhŒ mGfš.
(vii) gjuhŒ¥ nghd ÄsfhŒ brh©L.
p
(viii) nfh£lh‹ c£fh®ªjjhš bf£L¥nghd fhŒ Tif¡fhŒ mšyJ nfh£lh‹ fhŒ.
(ix) njiu mk®ªjjhš bf£l fhŒ - njiu¡fhŒ.
ex
(x) njiu mk®ªjâdhš bf£l nj§fhŒ mšÈ¡fhŒ.
(xi) bj‹idÆš bf£l fhŒ - xšÈ¡fhŒ.
ï›thW bf£L¥nghd fhŒfÅ tiffS¡F¤ jhtu¤â‰nf‰g bga®fŸ tH§f¥gL»‹wd.
vi

3. ghthz® f£LiuÆš ifah©LŸs jÄœ¢ brhš ts§fis És¡Ff.

ghthz®, jÄœ¢ brhšts« f£LiuÆš ɤJ tif, nt® tif, mǤjhŸ tif, fhŒªj ïiy tif,
al

ïiy¡fh«ò tif, óklš tif, mU«ò tif, ó¡fh«ò tif, ïjœ tif, fhŒ tif, fÅ tif, cŸç£L
tif, jhtu¡ fÊî tif, Éij¤njhš tif, gj® tif, gÆ® tif, bfho tif, ku tif, fU«ò tif,
.k

fhŒªj gÆ® tif, bt£oa ÉwF¤J©L tif, ku¥g£il tif, gÆ®¢br¿î tif, Ãy¤â‹ bjhF¥ò
tif, brŒ tif, Ãy tif, e‹brŒ tif, ntÈ tif, fh£L tif M»at‰¿‹ brhšts§fisí«
w

És¡»íŸsh®.

w
w

bkhÊ - mKjC‰W f‰f©L

ïaš
1 vG¤J, brhš
f‰git f‰wã‹
1. nj‹, üš, ig, ky®, th - ï¤ jÅbkhÊfSl‹ brh‰fis¢ nr®¤J¤ bjhl®bkhÊfsh¡Ff.
(i) nj‹ - rªâah nj‹ th§f¡ fil¡F¢ br‹whŸ.
(ii) üš - f©z‹ gy üšfis¡ f‰W òfœbg‰w áwªj fÉPuhf¤ âfœ»wh®.
(iii) ig - âah ï‹W JÂ¥igÆš j‹ ò¤jf§fis it¤J gŸË¡F¡ bfh©L br‹whŸ.
(iv) ky® - Rl®ÉÊ gy t©z ky®fshš nkilia my§fǤJ¡ bfh©oUªjhŸ.
(v)  th - AÇ, AhŒ$ ïUtU« v‹Dl‹ thU§fŸ.
10

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

2. Éid moia ÉFâfSl‹ ïiz¤J¤ bjhʉbga®fis cUth¡Ff.
fh©, áÇ, go, jL
v.fh. : fh£á, fhQjš, fhzš, fhzhik
Éidmo bjhʉbga®
(i) fh© fh£á, fhQjš, fhzš, fhzhik
(ii) áÇ áÇ¥ò, áǤjš, áÇ¡fhik
(iii) go go¥ò, go¤jš, go¡fhik
(iv) jL jL¥ò, jL¤jš, jL¡fhik
3. jÅbkhÊ, bjhl®bkhÊ M»at‰iw¡ bfh©L ciuahliy¤ bjhl®f.
m©z‹ : v§nf brš»whŒ (bjhl®bkhÊ)
j«ã : fil¡F (jÅbkhÊ)

in
m©z‹ : m§nf v‹d th§F»whŒ? (bjhl®bkhÊ)
j«ã : nj§fhŒ th§F»nw‹. (bjhl®bkhÊ)

s.
m©z‹ : vj‰F (jÅbkhÊ)
j«ã : nfhÆY¡F¢ bršy nt©L«. (bjhl®bkhÊ)
m©z‹ : vªj¡ nfhÆY¡F¢ bršy nt©L«? (bjhl®bkhÊ)

s
j«ã : F‹w¤ö® (jÅbkhÊ)
4.
gh®¥ng‹. kd« mikâ vŒJ«.
p re
kiy v‹id mo¡fo miH¡F«. kiyÛJ VWnt‹; XÇl¤âš mk®nt‹; nkY« ÑG« gh®¥ng‹; R‰WK‰W«

ï¤bjhl®fËš cŸs ÉidK‰Wfis¤ jÅna vL¤bjG⤠bjhʉbga®fshf kh‰Wf.

ex
ÉidK‰W bjhʉbga®
miH¡F« miH¤jš
VWnt‹ VWjš
vi

mk®nt‹ mk®jš
gh®¥ng‹ gh®¤jš
al

vŒJ« vŒJjš
5. f£L, brh£L, tÊghL, nfL, nfhwš - ï¤bjhʉbga®fis tif¥gL¤Jf.
.k

(i) f£L - KjÅiy¤ bjhʉbga®

(ii) brh£L - KjÅiy¤ bjhʉbga®
w

(iii) tÊghL - KjÅiy¤ bjhʉbga®

(iv) nfL - KjÅiy âǪj bjhʉbga®
w

(v) nfhwš - ÉFâ bg‰w bjhʉbga®

w

ãoV k‰W« muR nj®î Édh - ÉilfŸ

gyîŸ bjÇf.
1. bjhÊiy¢ brŒí« fU¤jhit¡ F¿¥gJ ãoV-1
m) bjhʉbga® M) KjÅiy âǪj bjhʉbga®
ï) KjÅiy¤ bjhʉbga® <) Éidahyizí« bga®
 Éil <) Éidahyizí« bga®
2. bt~~Fth®¡»šiy, cudirï - ï¢brh‰fËš cŸs msbgilfŸ  ãoV-6
m) x‰wsbgil, brhšÈir msbgil
M) ï‹Åir msbgil, brhšÈir msbgil
ï) brhšÈir msbgil, x‰wsbgil
<) x‰wsbgil, ï‹Åir msbgil Éil m) x‰wsbgil, brhšÈir msbgi

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

3. fiyau§f¤âš vd¡fhf¡ fh¤âU¡»wtiu miH¤J thU§fŸ - ï¤bjhl®  m.kh.É 2019
m) Édh¤bjhl® M) jŤbjhl®
ï) brŒâ¤bjhl® <) fyit¤ bjhl®  Éil <) fyit¤bjl®
4. bjhl®bkhÊ -  fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019

m) ML nkŒªjJ M) mU»š ï) m«khm <) mirahik

 Éil m) ML nkŒªjJ
TLjš Édh¡fŸ
gyîŸ bjÇf.
1. ‘Xxjš nt©L«’ v‹gJ v›tif msbgilahF«?
m) brŒíËir msbgil M) brhšÈir msbgil
ï) ï‹Åir msbgil <) x‰wsgil 

in
Éil m) brŒíËir msbgil
2. brŒíËš Xir Fiwahj ïl¤âY« msbgL¥gJ
m) x‰wsgil M) ï‹Åir msbgil

s.
ï) brhšÈir msbgil <) brhšÈir msbgilÉil M) ï‹Åir msbgil
3. Ñœ¡f©lt‰¿š KjÅiy âǪj bjhʉbga® vJ?

s
m) RL M) NL ï) RLjš <) R£lt‹ Éil M) NL

1.
FWÉdh
brŒíËir msbgil v‹whš v‹d?
p re
brŒíËš Xir Fiwí«nghJ m›nthiria Ãiwî brŒa cÆ® beoš vG¤JfŸ VG« Ú©L xÈ¥gJ
brŒíËir msbgil vd¥gL«. ïjid ïirÃiw msbgil v‹W« TWt®.
ex
rh‹W : Xxjš nt©L« - bkhÊ Kjš
cwhm®¡F cWnehŒ - bkhÊÆil
vi

ešy glhm giw - bkhÊÆWâ

2. ï‹Åir msbgil v‹whš v‹d?
al

brŒíËš Xir Fiwahj ïl¤âY« ïÅa Xir¡fhf F¿š beoyh» msbgL¥gJ ï‹Åir msbgil
MF«.
.k

rh‹W : bfL¥göc« , vL¥göc«

3. brhšÈir msbgil v‹whš v‹d?
w

brŒíËš xU bga®¢brhš Éidba¢r¥ bghUŸjU« bghU£L msbgL¥gJ brhšÈir msbgil

MF«.
w

rh‹W : Fojæï, mojæï (jæ - jGîjš, jæï - jGÉ)

4. x‰wsbgil v‹whš v‹d?
w

brŒíËš Xir Fiwí«nghJ mjid Ãiwî brŒa bkŒbaG¤JfŸ msbgL¥gJ x‰wsbgil MF«.
rh‹W : v~~ »y§»a ifauhŒ ï‹DÆ®
bt~~ Fth®¡»šiy åL.
5. msbgL¡F« x‰bwG¤JfŸ ahit?
msbgL¡F« x‰bwG¤Jfshtd:
bkŒbaG¤JfŸ: §, Š, ©, ª, «, ‹, ›, Œ, š, Ÿ
MŒj vG¤J : ~
6. msbgL¤jš v‹whš v‹d? mJ vj‰F¥ ga‹gL»wJ?
(i) msbgL¤jš - Ú©L xȤjš.
(ii) ng¢R tH¡»š brh‰fis Ú£o xȤJ¥ ngR«nghJ cz®î¡F« ïÅa Xir¡F« msbgL¤jš
ga‹gL»wJ.

12

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7. brhš v‹whš v‹d?
X® vG¤J jŤnjh, gy vG¤JfŸ nr®ªnjh bghUŸ jUtJ brhš MF«.
8. bkhÊÆ‹ tiffŸ ahit?
bkhÊ _‹W tif¥gL«. (i) jÅbkhÊ (ii) bjhl®bkhÊ (iii) bghJbkhÊ
9. jÅbkhÊ v‹whš v‹d?
xU brhš jŤJ ËW bghUŸ jUkhÆ‹ mJ jÅbkhÊ vd¥gL«. rh‹W : f©, f©z‹
10. bjhl®bkhÊ v‹whš v‹d?
ïu©L mšyJ mj‰F nk‰g£l jÅbkhÊfŸ bjhl®ªJ tªJ bghUŸ jUtJ bjhl®bkhÊ MF«.
rh‹W : f©z‹ tªjh‹.
11. bghJbkhÊ v‹whš v‹d?
xU brhš jŤJ ËW xU bghUisí« m¢brhšny ãǪJ ËW ntW bghUisí« jªJ

in
jÅbkhÊ¡F« bjhl®bkhÊ¡F« bghJthŒ miktJ bghJbkhÊ vd¥gL«.
rh‹W : jhkiu
jhkiu - ky®

s.
jh + kiu - jhw kh‹
12.

s
bjhʉbga® v‹whš v‹d?
xU Éid mšyJ braiy¡ F¿¡F« bgauhdJ v©, ïl«, fhy«, ghš M»at‰iw¡ F¿¥ghfnth

re
btË¥gilahf cz®¤jhkš tUtJ bjhʉbga® vd¥gL«. rh‹W : <jš, el¤jš
13. KjÅiy¤ bjhʉbga® v‹whš v‹d?
(i)
p
bjhʉbga® ÉFâ bgwhkš Éid¥ gFâna bjhʉbgauhjš KjÅiy¤ bjhʉ
bgauhF«.
ex
(ii) v.fh : j£L, ciu, ï¢brh‰fŸ j£Ljš, ciu¤jš v‹W bghUŸgL«nghJ KjÅiy¤
bjhʉbga®fsh»‹wd.
14. KjÅiy âǪj bjhʉbga® v‹whš v‹d?
vi

(i) bjhʉbgaÇ‹ ÉFâia¥ bgwhkš KjÅiy âǪJ (khWg£L) tUtJ KjÅiy âǪj
bjhʉbga® MF«.
al

(ii) rh‹W: bfLth‹ nfL Ãid¥gh‹

(iii) ïâš `bfL’ v‹D« KjÅiy 'nfL’ v‹W kh¿ tªJŸsikahš ïJ KjÅiy âǪj
.k

bjhʉbgauhF«.
15. Éidahyizí« bga® v‹whš v‹d?
w

xU ÉidK‰W bgaÇ‹ j‹ikia milªJ nt‰Wik cUò V‰W« V‰fhkY« ntbwhU gaÅiyia¡
bfh©L KotJ Éidahyizí« bga® vd¥gL«. mJ j‹ik, K‹Åiy, gl®¡if M»a _‹W
w

ïl§fËY« _‹W fhy§fËY« tU«.

rh‹W : tªjt® mt®jh‹.
w

bghW¤jh® óÄahŸth®.
16. rh®bgG¤J v¤jid tif¥gL«? mit ahit?
rh®bgG¤J g¤J tif¥gL«. mit cÆ®bkŒ, MŒj«, cÆusbgil, x‰wsbgil, F‰¿aYfu«,
F‰¿aÈfu«, Ifhu¡FW¡f«, xsfhu¡FW¡f«, kfu¡FW¡f«, MŒj¡FW¡f«.
17. msbgil v‹whš v‹d?
beoš vG¤JfŸ Ú©L xÈ¡F«. m›thW msbgL¡F« nghJ mj‰F ïdkhd F¿š vG¤JfŸ mj‹
g¡f¤âš tU«. msî + vil = msbgil.
18. msbgil v¤jid tif¥gL«? mit ahit?
msbgil ïu©L tif¥gL«. mit, (i) cÆusbgil, (ii) x‰wsbgil.

13

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19. cÆusbgil v‹whš v‹d?
(i) brŒíËš Xir Fiwí«nghJ m›nthiria ÃiwîbrŒa cÆ® beoš vG¤JfŸ VG« Ú©L
xÈ¥gJ cÆusbgil vd¥gL«.
(ii) cÆ®beoš msbgL¡F«nghJ mt‰W¡F ïdkhd F¿š vG¤JfŸ mj‹ g¡f¤âš tU«.
20. cÆusbgil v¤jid tif¥gL«? mit ahit?
cÆusbgil _‹W tif¥gL«. mit
(i) brŒíËir msbgil (m) ïirÃiw msbgil
(ii) ï‹Åir msbgil
(iii) brhšÈir msbgil


âw‹ m¿nth«

in
gyîŸ bjÇf. 

s.
1. fhŒªj ïiyí« fhŒªj njhifí« Ãy¤J¡F ešy cu§fŸ, ï¤bjhlÇš mo¡nfho£l gFâ
F¿¥ãLtJ -  m.kh.É, fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019

s
m) ïiyí« rUF« M) njhifí« r©L«

re
ï) jhS« Xiyí« <) rUF« r©L« Éil <) rUF« r©L«
2. vªjÄœeh v‹gij¥ ãǤjhš ï›thW tU«  fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
m) vª + jÄœ + eh M) vªj + jÄœ + eh
p
ï) v« + jÄœ + eh <) vªj« + jÄœ + eh Éil ï) v« + jÄœ + eh
ex
3. `nf£lt® k»H¥ ghoa ghlš ïJ’ - bjhlÇš ïl«bg‰WŸs bjhʉbgaU« Éidahyizí«
bgaU« Kiwna -  ãoV-3
m) ghoa ; nf£lt® M) ghlš ; ghoa
vi

ï) nf£lt® ; ghoa <) ghlš ; nf£lt® Éil <) ghlš; nf£lt®

4. nt®¡fliy, ÄsfhŒ Éij, kh§bfh£il M»at‰iw¡ F¿¡F« gÆ®tif  ãoV-4
al

m) Fiy tif M) k tif

ï) bfhGªJ tif <) ïiy tif Éil M) k tif
.k

FWÉdh
1. ‘nt§if’ v‹gij¤ bjhl®bkhÊahfî« bghJbkhÊahfî« ntWgL¤â¡ fh£Lf.
w

(i) nt§if v‹gJ jÅbkhÊah» ku¤ijí«, òÈiaí« F¿¡F«.  ãoV-2; fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
(ii) nt« + if vd¤ bjhl®bkhÊahf¥ ãǪJ `nt»‹w if' vd¥ bghUŸ jU«.
w

(iii) ïJ jÅbkhÊ¡F« bjhl®bkhÊ¡F« bghJthŒ miktjhš bghJbkhÊahf ïU¡»wJ.

w

2. `k‹D« áy«ng! kÂnk fiytont!

K‹D« Ãidthš KojhH thœ¤Jtnk!’ - ï›tofËš ïl«bg‰WŸs fh¥ãa§fis¤ jÉu vŠáíŸs
I«bgU§ fh¥ãa§fË‹ bga®fis vGJf.
(i) Ótfáªjhk (ii) tisahgâ (iii) F©lynfá. m.kh.É 2019

3. xU jh‰¿š gy Ó¥ò thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.

xU ӥ㚠gy jhW thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.
xU ӥ㚠gy thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.
nk‰f©l bjhl®fËš rÇahd bjhl®fis¢ R£o¡fh£o, vŠáa ãiHahd bjhlÇYŸs ãiH¡fhd
fhuz¤ij vGJf.
rÇahd bjhl®fŸ :
(i) xU jh‰¿š gy Ó¥ò thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.
(ii)xU ӥ㚠gy thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.

14

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ãiHahd bjhl® : xU ӥ㚠gy jhW thiH¥gH§fŸ cŸsd.
ãiH¡fhd fhuz« : jhW v‹gJ thiH¡Fiyia¡ F¿¡F«. Ó¥ò v‹gJ mâš ml§»a tÇirahd
gH§fŸ MF«.
4. ‘cL¥göc« c©göc« fh‹ ãw®nkš  ãoV-6; miuah©L¤ nj®î 2019
tL¡fh© t‰whF« Ñœ’ - ï¡FwËš mikªJŸs msbgilÆ‹ tifia¢ R£o, mj‹ ïy¡fz« jUf.
(i) cL¥göc«, c©göc« - ï‹Åir msbgil tifia¢ rh®ªjJ MF«.
(ii) ïy¡fz« : brŒíË‹ Xir Fiwahj ïl¤âY« ïÅa Xir¡fhf msbgL¥gJ ï‹Åir
msbgil MF«.
áWÉdh
1. jÄH‹idia thœ¤Jtj‰fhd fhuz§fshf¥ ghtynuW R£Ltd ahit?  ãoV-2

jÄH‹idia thœ¤Jtj‰fhd fhuz§fŸ :

in
(i)jÄœbkhÊ gHik¡F¥ gHikahŒ cŸsJ.
flšbfh©l FkÇ¡f©l¤âš Ãiy¤J M£á brŒjJ.
(ii)

s.
gh©oa k‹dÅ‹ kfshf ts®ªjJ.
(iii)
âU¡FwË‹ bgUik¡F cÇajhŒ És§F»wJ.
(iv)
(v)g¤J¥gh£L, v£L¤bjhif, gâbd©Ñœ¡fz¡F üšfshf mikªJŸsJ.

s
Ãiy¤J ÉF« áy¥gâfhukhfî«, mHfhd kÂnkfiyahfî« És§F»wJ.
(vi)

2. ‘òËa§f‹W MHkhf el¥g£LŸsJ.’ 

ïJnghš ïs« gÆ® tif Iªâ‹ bga®fis¤ bjhl®fËš mik¡f.
(i)
p
f©z‹ taÈš beš eh‰¿‰F¤ j©Ù® ghŒ¢ádh‹.
re ãoV-3; fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
ex
(ii) jh¤jh Ãiwa bj‹d«ãŸisfis th§» tªjh®.
(iii) f¤jÇ eh‰¿š bt£L¡»ËfŸ ïUªjd.
(iv) kh§f‹W kiH¡F¥ ãwF jË® É£LŸsJ.
vi

(v) thiHku¤âdoÆš thiH¡f‹WfŸ cŸsd.

3. ‘m¿ªjJ, m¿ahjJ, òǪjJ, òÇahjJ, bjǪjJ, bjÇahjJ, ãwªjJ, ãwthjJ’ ïit mid¤ijí«
al

ah« m¿nth«. mJg‰¿ ckJ m¿îiu vk¡F¤ njit ïšiy. všyh« vk¡F¤ bjÇí«.
ï¡T‰¿š t©z vG¤JfËš cŸs ÉidK‰Wfis¤ bjhʉbga®fshf kh‰¿ vGJf.
.k

ÉidK‰W bjhʉbga® ÉidK‰W bjhʉbga®

m¿ªjJ m¿jš bjǪjJ bjÇjš
w

m¿ahjJ m¿ahik bjÇahjJ bjÇahik

òǪjJ òÇjš ãwªjJ ãw¤jš
w

òÇahjJ òÇahik ãwthjJ ãwthik

beLÉdh
w

1. kndh‹kÙa« RªjudhÇ‹ jÄœ¤jhŒ thœ¤J¥ ghliyí« bgUŠá¤âudhÇ‹ jÄœ thœ¤ijí« x¥ã£L

nkil¥ng¢R x‹iw cUth¡Ff.  ãoV-5; m.kh.É, fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
midtU¡F« tz¡f«!
jÄœ¤jhŒ ï‹W ne‰W ãwªjtŸ ïšiy. mtSila òfiH¥ ghl¥ ghl ïÅik ãw¡F«.
jÄœ¤jhia¥ ngh‰whj òytÇšiy v‹whš mJ ÄifahfhJ.
kndh‹kÙa« bg.Rªjudh® mt®fS« bgUŠá¤âudh® mt®fS« jÄœ¤jhia thœ¤âaikia¥
gh®¥ngh«.
bg. Rªjudh® miyfliy Milahf mªj óÄ¥ bg©Â‰F¥ ghuj f©l«, Kfkhf¤ âfœtjhf¡
TW»wh®. m«Kf¤â‰F¤ bj‹âir ehLfŸ ãiwÃyî ngh‹w be‰¿ahfî« mªbe‰¿Æš eWkz«
Ä¡f âyfkhŒ¤ jÄHf« cŸsjhŒ¡ T¿íŸsh®. mJk£Lkšyhkš âyf¤â‹ kz« všnyhiuí«
ï‹òw¢ brŒtJnghš jÄœ¤jhí« všyh¤ âirfËY« òfœbg‰wtshf ïU¥gjhf¡ T¿íŸsh®.

15

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bgUŠá¤âudh® jÄiH¥ gHik¡F¥ gHikahŒ¤ njh‹¿atŸ, FkÇ¡f©l¤âš Ãiy¤J ËW
murhS« k©Qyf¥ nguuR, gh©oa k‹dÅ‹ kfŸ v‹bwšyh« F¿¥ãL»wh®. bg.Rªjudh®
jÄœ¤jhŒ všyh¤ âirfËY« òfœbg‰W¤ âfœtjhf¡ T¿íŸsh®. mjidna bgUŠá¤âudh®
âU¡FwË‹ bgUik¡FÇatshfî« gâbd© nkšfz¡F, Ñœ¡fz¡F, I«bgU§fh¥ãa§fshŒ
všyh¤ âirÆY« guÉíŸshŸ v‹W òfœªJ T¿íŸsh®. bgh§»baG« ïªÃidîfshš jiy
gªJ thœ¤J»‹nwh« v‹»wh®.
cy»‹ _¤jbkhÊahf ïUªJ« ï‹wsî« ïsikahf ïU¡»‹whŸ v‹W Rªjudh® ghL»wh®.
bgUŠá¤âudh® ïjid¥ gHik¡F¥ gHik v‹»wh®.
Rªjudh® jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ ts« bgUF»‹wnj jÉu FiwaÉšiy v‹»wh®. ïjid¥
bgUŠá¤âudh® jÄœ gH«bgUikí« jd¡bfd¤ jÅ¢ áw¥ò« ïy¡»a tsK« bfh©LŸsJ
v‹»wh®. nkY« ``Éa¡f¤j¡f Ú©l c‹ Ãiy¤j j‹ikí« nt‰W bkhÊah® c‹id¥ g‰¿ ciu¤j
òfGiuí« vk¡FŸ g‰Wz®it vG¥ò»‹wd'' v‹»wh®.
`Rªjudh® jÄnH! jÄHh»a bg©nz! jhna c‹id thœ¤J»nw‹' v‹»wh®. bgUŠá¤âudh®,

in
``v« jŤjÄnH! cŸs¤âš fdš _s, t©lhdJ brªjhkiu¤ njid¡ Fo¤J¢ áwfir¤J¥ ghLtJ
ngh‹W eh§fŸ c‹id¢ Rit¤J c‹ bgUikia v§F« KH§F»‹nwh«'' v‹W ghoíŸsh®.

s.
ï›thW kndh‹kÙa« bg. Rªjudh® mt®fS« bgUŠá¤âudh® mt®fS« jÄÊ‹ bgUikia¥
giwrh‰¿ thœ¤J»‹wd®.

s
2. jÄÊ‹ brhšts« g‰¿í« òâa brhšyh¡f¤â‰fhd njit F¿¤J« jÄœ k‹w¤âš ngRtj‰fhd ciu¡
F¿¥òfis vGJf.  ãoV-3
tz¡f«!
brhšts« :
(i)
p re
jÄœeh£L¥ bghJk¡fŸ ca®ªj gF¤j¿îilat®fŸ. v¤Jiznah bkhÊfËÅ‹W fl‹bfh©l
M§»y bkhÊÆY«, üÈY« ïiyia¡ F¿¡f Leaf vd xnu brhš k£Lnk cŸsJ.
ex
(ii) Mdhš jÄœ bkhÊÆš mj‹ t‹ik, bk‹ikÆ‹ mo¥gilÆš jhŸ, ïiy, njhif, Xiy
vd¤ jÄH® ghFghL brŒJŸsd®.
vi

(iii) jÄHšyhj âuhÉl bkhÊfË‹ mfuhâfis Muhí«nghJ, jÄÊYŸs xU bghU£ gybrhš

tÇirfŸ ãwbkhÊfËš ïšiy.
(iv) jÄÊš k£L« ga‹gL¤j¥g£L¤ jÄG¡nf áw¥ghf cÇadthf¡ fUj¥gL« brh‰fŸ k£Lk‹¿¤
al

bjY§F, f‹dl« KjÈa ãw âuhÉl bkhÊfS¡FÇadthf¡ fUj¥gL« brh‰fS« jÄÊš

cŸsd v‹»wh® fhšLbtš.
.k

brhšyh¡f¤â‰fhd njit :
(i) âUªâa k¡fis k‰w cÆÇÅ‹W« ãǤJ¡ fh£LtJ bkhÊahjÈ‹, mJnt xU eh£lhÇ‹
w

mšyJ ïd¤jhÇ‹ ehfÇf¤ij msªj¿tj‰F« áwªj tÊahF«.

(ii) bghUis¡ T®ªJ neh¡» E©ghFghL brh‰fS« E©bghU£ brh‰fS« mik¤J¡ bfhŸs
w

nt©L«.
(iii) m¿Éaš ts®¢áÆdhš V‰g£l òâa brh‰fS¡fhd fiy¢brhš ts¤ij¥ giw rh‰Wjš
w

mtáakhF«.
(iv) jÄÊ‹ bgUikí« bkhÊÆ‹ áw¥ò« F‹whkš ïU¡fî«, jÄG¡F¢ áwªj vâ®fhy«
nt©LkhÆ‹ òâa brhšyh¡f« njit.
(v) ãwbkhÊ¢ brh‰fŸ jÄÊš fyªjhš jÄÊ‹ ïÅik Fiwí«. m¤Jl‹ jÄœ¢ brh‰fŸ
ehsilÉš kiwªJ mašbkhÊ¢ brh‰fns Ãiybg‰¿l thŒ¥òfŸ cŸsd. ï¤jifa Ãiy
V‰glhâU¡f jÄÊš òâa fiy¢brh‰fis cUth¡f nt©L«.
(vi) eh« m‹whl thœÉš ga‹gL¤J« fUÉfŸ, ntsh©ik, kU¤Jt«, bgh¿Æaš, jftš
bjhl®ãaš Kjyhd JiwfS¡F¥ ga‹gL« brh‰fis¤ jÄÊš brhšyh¡f« brŒJ e«
bkhÊÆ‹ ts¤ij¥ bgU¡f nt©L«.
e‹¿!

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

bkhÊia MŸnth«
bkhÊbga®¥ò
1. If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own
language that goes to his heart. – Nelson Mandela
Éil:  ãoV-2; fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019
xU kÅjÅl« mtU¡F¥ òÇ»w bkhÊÆš ngádhš mtuJ _isia¢ br‹wilí«. Mdhš mtUila
jhŒbkhÊÆš ngádhš mtuJ ïja¤ij¢ br‹wilí«. - bešr‹ k©nlyh
2. Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are
going.  – Rita Mae Brown
Éil:  fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019

in
fyh¢rhu¤ij¡ fh£L»‹w ghij bkhÊahF«; mJnt k¡fŸ v§»UªJ tªjh®fŸ; v§F¢ brš»wh®fŸ
v‹gij¤ bjËî¥gL¤J«.  - ߣlh nk ¥bus‹

s.
rªj¡ fÉijÆš tªj ãiHfis¤ âU¤Jf
``njÂny CÇa brªjÄÊ‹ - Rit  ãoV-5

s
njU« áy¥gâ fhwkij

re
CÅny v«KÆ® cšyyî« - Ãj«
Xâ íd®ªâ‹ òUnthnk''  p - fÉk njáf Éehafdh®
Éil:
``njÅny C¿a brªjÄÊ‹ - Rit
ex
njW« áy¥gâ fhukij
CÅny v«KÆ® cŸssî« - Ãj«
Xâ íz®ªâ‹ òWnthnk''
vi

Ñœ¡fhQ« brh‰fË‹ T£l¥bga®fis¡ f©Lão¤J vGJf  ãoV-4

al

(FÉaš, Fiy, kªij, f£L)

.k

brhš T£l¥bga® brhš T£l¥bga®

fš FÉaš (f‰FÉaš) òš f£L (ò‰f£L)
w

gH« Fiy (gH¡Fiy) ML kªij (M£L kªij)

w

ÉidK‰iw Éidahyizí« bgauhf kh‰¿¤ bjhl®fis ïiz¤J vGJf

w

1. fiyau§f¤âš vd¡fhf¡ fh¤âU¡»wh®. mtiu miH¤J thU§fŸ.

fiyau§f¤âš vd¡fhf¡ fh¤âU¡»‹wtiu miH¤J thU§fŸ.
2. C£lÄF czî c©lh®. mt® Ú©l thœehŸ bg‰wh®.
C£lÄF czî c©lt® Ú©l thœehŸ bg‰wh®.
3. ne‰W v‹id¢ rªâ¤jh®. mt® v‹ e©g®.
ne‰W v‹id¢ rªâ¤jt® v‹ e©g®.
4. bghJ m¿î üšfis¤ njo¥ go¤jh®. ngh£o¤ nj®Éš bt‹wh®.
bghJ m¿î üšfis¤ njo¥ go¤jt® ngh£o¤ nj®Éš bt‹wh®.

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

mnj bgaUila ntW brh‰fis vGJf

bjhl®fËš cŸs t©z¢ brh‰fS¡F¥ gâyhf mnj bghUSila ntW brh‰fis¥ ga‹gL¤â¤
bjhl®fis Ûs vGJf.
1. cy»š thG« k¡fËš áy® fÅÆU¡f¡ fhŒ òá¤jiy¥nghy, ï‹brhš ïU¡f t‹brhš ngá
ï‹d‰gL»‹wd®.
óÄÆš thG« khªjUŸ áy® gHÄU¡f¡ fhŒ c©Qjiy¥ nghy, ï‹brhš ïU¡f t‹brhš ngá
J‹g¥gL»‹wd®.
2. tŸsš Fkz‹ tWikahš thotªj òytD¡F¤ jdJ jiyia¡ bfhL¤J k§fh¥ òfœ bg‰wh‹.
tŸsš Fkz‹ Vœikahš thotªj fÉPU¡F¤ jdJ jiyia <ªJ k§fh¥ bgUik bg‰wh‹.
3. esD« mtdJ JizÉí« Ãljeh£L¡F tªjij¡ f©L, mªeh£L k¡fŸ kiHK»š f©l kŠiP
nghy¡ fË bfh©ld®.

in
esD« mtdJ kidÉí« Ãljeh£L¡F tªjij¡ f©L, mªeh£L k¡fŸ kiHnkf« f©l kÆš
nghy k»œ¢á bfh©ld®.

s.
4. nrhiyƉ ó¤j kzky®fËš RU«òfŸ bkhŒ¤J¥ g©gho kJî©ld.  ãoV-1

óªnjh£l¤âš ó¤j kzky®fËš t©LfŸ bkhŒ¤J¥ g©gho nj‹ c©ld.

s
5. gR¥nghš rhªjK« òÈnghš ÔuK« ahid nghy ciH¥ò« kÅjD¡F nt©L«.

re
Mnghš mikâí« nt§if nghš åuK« fËW nghy ciH¥ò« kÅjD¡F nt©L«.

f£Liu vGJf
p
FkÇ¡ flš Kidiaí« nt§fl kiyKf£ilí« všiyahf¡ bfh©l bj‹dt® âUeh£o‰F¥ òfœ
ex
njo¤jªj bgUik, jifrhš jÄH‹idia¢ rhU«. vÊšnr® f‹ÅahŒ v‹W« âfG« m›t‹id¡F,
ãŸis¤ jÄœ ngá, rjf« rik¤J, gu gho, fy«gf« f©L, cyhtªJ, mªjhâ T¿, nfhit ah¤J,
mÂahf¥ ó£o mHT£o mf«Äf k»œªjd® brªeh¥ òyt®fŸ.
vi

ï¡fU¤ij¡ fUthf¡ bfh©L `rh‹nwh® ts®¤j jÄœ' v‹D« jiy¥ãš f£Liu vGJf.
 m.kh.É 2019; ãoV-1
al

rh‹nwh® ts®¤j jÄœ

``åWil br«bkhÊ jÄœbkhÊ cyf«
.k

nt%‹¿a ehŸKjš cÆ®bkhÊ''

v‹W jÄÊ‹ bgUikia¥ giwrh‰¿at® ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudh®. jÄœ _thÆu«
w

M©LfS¡Fnkš gHik thŒªj ïy¡»a ts« Ä¡f bkhÊ. jÄœ Äfî« g©g£l bkhÊ. mJ jd¡nf
cÇa ïy¡»a¢ bršt§fis¥ bg‰¿Uªj bkhÊ.
w

``tlnt§fl« bj‹FkÇ MÆil¤ jÄœ TW ešYyf«'' vd¥ ngh‰¿¥ òfH¥gL»‹w jÄœbkhÊ

cybf§F« guÉíŸsJ. ïy¡»a§fS« ïy¡fz§fS« bgU» ïUªjikahš, jÄœbkhÊ âUªâa
w

bkhÊahf¤, âU¤j« brŒa¥g£l bkhÊahf, xG§FgL¤j¥g£l bkhÊahf¢ áw¥ò‰W És§F»wJ.

g©il¤ jÄiH m¿ªJ bfhŸs bjhšfh¥ãaK« r§f ïy¡»a§fS« cjwd. ïil¡fhy¤
jÄiH m¿ªJbfhŸs g¡â ïy¡»a§fŸ cjwd. ï›Éy¡»a§fŸ k¡fË‹ thœÉaš be¿fis
btË¥gL¤J»‹wd. Mjyhš ïit `k¡fŸ ïy¡»a«' v‹nw tH§f¥gL»‹wd.
`VL fh¤j Vªjš' v‹w áw¥ã‰FÇa jÄœ¤jh¤jh c.nt.rh. mt®fŸ ïšiybaÅš jÄœ
ïy¡»a§fis vtU« m¿ªâU¡f ïayhJ. g¤J¥gh£L, v£L¤bjhif, fh¥ãa§fŸ vd mid¤ijí«
m¢á£L¤ j« gâ¥ò¥ gÂÆdhš jÄG¡F mHT£oíŸsh®.
NÇa ehuhaz rh°âÇfŸ v‹w bgaiu¥ gÇâkh‰fiyPuhf kh‰¿¡ bfh©l jÄH¿P®
jÄœbkhÊia ca®jÅ¢br«bkhÊ v‹W Kj‹Kjyhf Ãiyeh£oa bgUik¡FÇat®. kiwkiyaofŸ
jŤjÄœ ïa¡f« cUth¡» jÄiH ts®¤jt®.

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

njtnea¥ ghthz®, jÄnH cy»‹ mo¥gilahd br«bkhÊ v‹gj‰fhd Äf¢ áwªj thj§fis
K‹ it¤j jÄH¿P®. ït® jÄG¡F M‰¿a bjh©LfŸ gy. K.tujuhrdh®, Ûdh£á Rªjudh®,
r.itahòÇ¥ ãŸis uh.ã.nrJ¥ãŸis vd¥ gyuhY« f‹Å¤ jÄHhŒ És§F« jÄH‹id
ts®¡f¥g£lhŸ.
jÄiH¤ jhŒbkhÊahf¡ bfh©ouhj åukhKÅt®, Í.ô.ngh¥, fhšLbtš ngh‹nwh® jÄG¡F
M‰¿a bjh©LfŸ ms¥gÇaJ.
jÄœbkhÊÆš cŸs ÚâüšfŸ, gâbd©nkšfz¡fh»a r§f ïy¡»a§fŸ, gâbd©
Ñœ¡fz¡F üšfŸ, fh¥ãa§fŸ, gŸS, FwtŠá, fy«gf«, ãŸis¤jÄœ, guÂ, cyh, mªjhâ vd¤
bjh©û‰whW tif ቿy¡»a§fŸ jÄH‹id¡F mÂfy‹fshŒ És§» mHT£Ltj‰F¥
gyU« gÂah‰¿íŸsd®.
jÄH‹id¡F mÂfy‹fshŒ És§F« üšfis¥ go¥ngh«. ï‹òWnth«. òâa mÂfy‹fis
cUth¡» mHF¡F mHF nr®¥ngh«.

in
ea« ghuh£Lf
njÅD« ïÅae‰ brªjÄœ bkhÊna

s.
bj‹dhL És§Fw¤ âfGªbj‹ bkhÊna
CÅD« xË®îW« x©lÄœ bkhÊna

s
cz®ÉD¡ Fz®tjhŒ xË®jÄœ bkhÊna
thÅD« X§»a t©lÄœ bkhÊna
khªjU¡ »Ufzh ta§Fe‹ bkhÊna
jhdÅ áw¥òWª jŤjÄœ bkhÊna
jiH¤âÅ njh§FthŒ j©lÄœ bkhÊna.
âu©l fU¤J :
p
 re - fh. ek¢átha®
ex
njid Él ïÅikahd brªjÄœ bkhÊna! bj‹dhL bgUik bgW«go És§F« bj‹ bkhÊna!
cl«ãš xËÉ£L És§F»w ca®ªj bkhÊna! cz®î¡F cz®î jªJ xËU»‹w jÄœ bkhÊna!
áw¥ãdhš thd¤ij Él ca®ªj t©lÄœ bkhÊna! kÅj®fS¡F ïu©L f©fshf És§F« ešy
vi

bkhÊna! jhdhfnt áw¥ò‰W És§F»‹w jŤjÄœ bkhÊna! ïÅí« jiH¤J ïÅJ ca®thahf.
al

ika¡ fU¤J: 
jÄœbkhÊÆ‹ áw¥òfis ïÅikahd bkhÊ, cz®î¡nf cz®it¤ jU« bkhÊ, ïU f©fshŒ
.k

És§F« bkhÊ v‹W TW»wh®. ïÅí« jÄœ bkhÊ jiH¤J tsU« v‹»wh®.
nkhid¤ bjhil : njÅD« - bj‹dhL, jhdÅ - jiH¤âÅ
w

CÅD« - cz®ÉD« - Ó®nkhid

vJif¤ bjhil : njÅD«, CÅD«, thÅD«, jhdÅ - mo vJif
w

ïiaò¤ bjhil : bkhÊna

mÂea« : ca®î eɉá mÂ. cŸsij cŸsthW Twhkš g‹kl§F ca®thf¥ bgU¡»¡
w

T¿íŸsh®.
bkhÊnahL ÉisahL
brh‰fis ïiz¤J¥ òâa brh‰fis cUth¡Ff.  fhyh©L¤ nj®î 2019

nj‹, És¡F, kiH, É©, kÂ, Éy§F, brŒ, nkfiy, th‹, bgh‹, ó
v.fh. ókÂ
Éil: (i) nj‹kiH (vi) brŒth‹
(ii) kÂnkfiy (vii) ókiH
(iii) bgh‹ Éy§F (viii) bgh‹kÂ
(iv) th‹kiH (v) brŒÉs¡F

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

Édh¤bjhl®fŸ mik¡f
F¿¥òfis¡ bfh©L ÉdhÉnyna Éil ïU¥gJ ngh‹W Édh¤ bjhl®fŸ
mik¡f.
FwË‹g«, Rit¡fhj ïsÚ®, fh¥ãa¢ Rit, kÅjFy nk‹ik, ÉLKiwehŸ
v.fh. FwË‹g¤âš âis¡fhj jÄH‹ c©lh?
1. Rit¡fhj ïsÚ®
Rit¡fhj ïsÚ® VjhtJ c©lh?
2. fh¥ãa¢ Rit
fh¥ãa¢Rit ïšyhj jÄœ fh¥ãakh?
3. kÅjFy nk‹ik
kÅjFy nk‹ikia¥ ngh‰whj ïy¡»a« jÄÊš c©lh?

in
4. ÉLKiwehŸ
ÉLKiwehËš Éisahlhj khzt®fŸ c©lh?

s.
v©Q¥bga®fis¡ f©L, jÄœ v©fËš vGJf

s
brŒíŸ mo v©Q¥bga® jÄœ v©

re
eh‰¿irí« bršyhj ehošiy. eh‹F ௪
vW«òªj‹ ifahš v©rh© v£L m
IªJrhšò C‹¿a ö©
p IªJ ௫

ehY« ïu©L« brhšY¡F cWâ ãoV-2 eh‹F, ïu©L ௪ c

ex
Mid MÆu« mkÇil bt‹w
MÆu« ௲
khdtD¡F tF¥gJ guÂ
vi

mfuhâÆš fh©f
al

1. mlÉ - fhL, nrhiy 4. brW - áW taš, nfhg«

2. mtš - beš ïoaš, gŸs« 5. gHd« - taš, bghŒif
.k

3. Rtš - nkL, KJF 6. òwî - fhL, òwh

w

fh£áia¡ f©L fÉDw vGJf 

w

ò¤jf«
w

m¿ahik jilfis¤ jhÉ

m¿it¡ TuhŒ ÓÉ
c©ikfis cu¡f¡ TÉ
áªjidia¤ âw¡F« rhÉ.
ãoV-1, miuah©L¤ nj®î 2019

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RuhÉ‹  jÄœ ciuüš  10 M« tF¥ò

braš â£l«
1. Ú§fŸ thG« gFâÆYŸs vitnaD« IªJ gÆ®tif¢ brh‰fS¡fhd gl¤bjhF¥ig cUth¡Ff.
(i) g¢ir¥ gÆW
(ii) fhuhkÂ
(iii) cSªJ
(iv) f«ò
(v) nrhs«

Éf mj‰F¤ jf
ï‹brhš tÊ Ôa brhš tÊ

in
ãw® kd« k»G« ãw® kd« thL«
mw« tsU« mw« njí«

s.
òfœ bgUF« ïfœ bgUF«
ešy e©g®fŸ nrUt® ešy e©g®fŸ ÉyFt®

s
m‹ò Ãiwí« gifik Ãiwí«
ïâš Ú§fŸ bršY« tÊ ahJ? c§fŸ e©gU¡F¡ fh£L« tÊ ahJ?
Éil : ï‹brhš tÊ. v‹ e©gU¡F¡ fh£L« tÊ ï‹brhš tÊ.

fiy¢brhš m¿nth«
p re
ex

1. Vowel - cÆbuG¤J ãoV-1 4. Monolingual - xUbkhÊ

2. Consonant - bkŒbaG¤J 5. Conversation -ciuahlš
vi

3. Homograph - x¥bgG¤J ãoV-1 6. Discussion - fyªJiuahlš

al

m¿it ÉÇî brŒ

1. eh« V‹ jÄœ fh¡f nt©L« - Kidt® nrJk kÂa‹
.k

2. jt¿‹¿¤ jÄœ vGJnth« - kh. e‹d‹

3. g¢ir ÃHš - cjar§f®
w


w
w

21

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