Eddystone HIGH STABILITY COMMUNICATION RECEIVER eee EC958/7 10kHz — 30MHz MODEL EC958/9: A SUPPLEMENT WILL BE INCORPORATED WHEN THIS HAND- BOOK IS SUPPLIED WITH A RECEIVER TO THE EC958/9 SPECIFICATION Manufactured in England by EDDYSTONE F RADIO LIMITED ON SYSTEMS LTD ALVECHURCH ROAD, “BIRMINGHAM B31 3PP Telephone: 021-475 2231 Telex: 337081 ISSUE NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1974 PRINTED IN ENGLANDAMENDMENT RECORD ‘Amend No. Pages subject to change Amended by Date eaorvranseone 10 " 12 13 14 15 16 7 8 19 20 a 2 23 24 25 26 a7 28 29 30 ‘The Manufacturer reserves the right to modify the content of this publication as necessary to accom. modate modifications, design improvements etc. Relevant Amendment Sheets will be incorporated at date of issue. Page 2£C958 Series Page | of 8 FSK_Module Cat. No. 1533 FSK Module Cat. No. 1533 is a direct mechanical replacement for the earlier module part number LP3058 described in the handbooks for the EC958 Series receivers. When the new module is fitted to a receiver all existing references in the handbook to the FSK Module should be deleted and the following description substituted. If Cat. No. 1533 is used as a replacement for LP3058 note that the value of R329 should be changed according to the table in the Realignment section. Performance With the module fitted to a correctly adjusted receiver, with IuV signal, 400Hz filter selected and AGC on, the minimum shift of 85Hz enables a transmission rate of 100 bouds to be resolved. Generally the relation: shift/baud rate > 0.5 should be valid. The unit will respond to baud rates in excess of 300 (for shifts > 150Hz). The maximum shift generally depends on the I.F. filter selected. Instal lation Check the values of the resistors according to the table in the Realignment section. 2. Stand the receiver on its right-hand side. 3. Unplug the module leads from the dummy termination strip, noting the colour-code and sequence of the wires. 4, Remove the two 4BA retaining screws and the termination strip. 5. Place the module in position, replace the 4BA screws, shakeproof washers and earth tag (to pin 79). 6. Connect the leads to the module, in the sequence in which they were removed. Note that pin 82 is not used but is provided for safe stowage of the -6V supply lead. 7. Connect co-axial lead W to the spare socket on the 3-or 4-way junction box. Circuit Description The module is driven directly from the l00kHz |.F. Amplifier Module and provides solid-state switching for an external teleprinter supply. Bipolar supplies of + 6V, + 80V, or unipolar supplies of 12V or 100V, can be switched Input and Pulse Shaping Circuits. A signal at 100kHz, token from the output of the I00kHz |.F. Amplifier Module is coupled via R65! and C651 and IC3I. This first stage is a combined limiter and quadrature discriminator. The dis- criminator characteristic is determined by the phase shift network formed by L33 and the series/ porallel combination of C655, C456 and C457. A further 90° phase shift to provide mid-rangePage 2 of 8 Cat. No. 1533, discriminator output at the peak response of the tuned circuit is given by the phose-shift bridge network consisting of C656, C657, C658, R655. The output (at test point A) is c series of pulses which are coupled to IC32, 4 D.C. amplifier which provides a waveform of cbout 6V peak-to-pe amplitude. The D.C. level of this is adjusted under no-signal conditions to a neminel 5.5V by means of RVI3. This stage limits when the RF input reaches about 400Hz peak-to-peak deviation. Pulses at the output of IC32 are shaped by the integration circuits R663/C666 and R665/C457 and fed to the tuning meter and a Schmitt trigger IC33. The trigger level is set by RVI which is accessable through an aperture in the rear panel of the receiver, and is nominally 5.5V. The out~ put from IC33 drives in antiphase the two LED's, which form part of the opto-isolators [C34 and 1c35. k The power supply for the input and pulse shaping circuits is the receiver's I2V supply. Two independent 9V rails are derived from this by zener stobilisotion. The discriminator and DC amplifier are fed from one rail and the Schmitt trigger and opto-isolators from the other, the total current drawn being about 40mA. Note that this part of the circuit is connected to the receiver circuit earth and is isolated from the output switching network. Output Switching Network. The drive to the switch is rectified so that voltage of the correct polarity is always applied to the switching transistors. In the description which follows the components used with Pin 8 positive cond Pin 87 negative are shown without brackets whilst those used only when the polarities are reversed are bracketed. When the L.E.D. in opto~isolator IC34 (IC35) is illuminated, the transistor will be turned "on" allowing @ current to flow into the bose of TR8!, The supply for this is from the +80V rail via D89 (090) ond R673 (R674) and zener regulated and smoothed at 6. 2V by D85 (D86) and C468 (C469) As the two L.E.D's are driven in anti-phase reversing the teleprinter supply will effect a mark- space reversal. With TR8I switched "on", TR82 will be “off” and TR83 "on". Current will flow through TR83 and D92 (D93) to the -80V supply and the output will therefore be held close to ~80V and will sink current from the teleprinter. When the L.E.D. in IC34 (IC35) is extinguished TR8I will be biassed “off” by R671, ond current will Flow via R672 into the base of TR82, tuming it "on". R83 will be "off". In this cose current will Flow from the +80V supply via D9! (D94) and TR82 and so the output will be held close to +80V and will source current to the teleprinter. Diodes D87 and DBS protect the transistors from high voltages generated by the inductive load of the ‘printer. The output current is limited by R329 (mounted in the receiver) and R672, R673, R674 ond R329 should be adjusted in value to suit the current required and the supply voltage. The current drawn from the teleprinter supply is 25mA (at 80-0-80V) in addition to the current drawn by the teleprinter. This part of the circuit is isolated from the receiver circuit earth. Maintenance Switch the receiver into CW/SSB mode, connect an RF signal generator to the aerial input and tune generator and receiver to a convenient frequency. ACW beat note should be heard from the loudspeaker, provided this is switched on and the ancillaries plug inserted and wired correctly. Ifa beat note is not heard it is likely that a fault exists elsewhere in the receiver.Cat. No. 1533. Page 3 of 8 Connect a D.C, Voltmeter to Pin 84, connect + 80V printer supply (or use a bench supply) and check that a small change in frequency of the input signal, say + 200Hz causes the output to switch between the two states. Check +12V at Pin 83 and earth connections. Check the input lead. Realignment. Temporarily short-circuit the |.F. input at "W" and adjust RVI3 to give + 5.5V (+ 0.2V) at test point C (Avo 8 ~ 25V DC). Inject a 100kHz unmodulated signal of 50mV emf into co-axial lead 'W' (a suitable connector is included in the accessories kit), and adjust L33 to give +5.5V (+ 0.5V) at test point C. Note that slight adjustment of the core should swing the voltage at TP 'C' a few volts either way. Check that an input of 999.750kHz gives approx. + 8.8V and 100.250kHz gives approx. +2.3V at TP 'C'. Restore the input signal to 50mV emf at 100.000 kHz. Monitor the voltage (AVO8 - 25V. DC) at test point D and adjust RVI4 so that this voltage just switches (between 2.5V and 8.0V). The following conditions will then be found. Using a low capacity probe (7pF in parallel with 1OMQ) and oscilloscope or RF meter check the response at TP'B'. The bandwidths to 3dB points should be approx. 2..5kHz and the response at 100kHz should be within IdB of the peak. Check the limiting action of IC3I. Increasing the input level up to 200mV emf should cause only @ small change in output, if any. Output Switching Network. The components fitted in this network suit a teleprinter supply of 80-0-80V to give on absolute maximum output current of 100-0-100mA bipolar, or [00V at 100mA unipolar. For different voltages cond/or currents, the values should be altered according to the following table. In the case of intermediate values, the next highest resistance value should be used. It may be found that it is not necessary to lower the resistor values when @ lower voltage is used. This is in order provided the ‘printer operates satisfactorally. The reverse is NOT true and domage may result SUPPLY. : Bipolor Unipolar _| R672 __—|-R673 | R674 R329 180-0-80v | loov 8.2k2 6 watt | 33kQI watt | 33kQ | watt 1k2 12 watt jat 50-0-50mA| at 50mA _| wirewound _| wirewound __| wirewound wirewound 40-0-40V. | 50V 4.7kQ 15k | 15ko 3900 lat 50-0-50 | at 50 3 watt I watt | watt to Ik ito 25-0-25mA| to 25mA__|_wirewound metal film metal film 12 watt w.w. 20-0-20v | 25v 2.2K 4.7K 4.7kQ 1502 6 watt lat 50-0-50 | at 50 3 watt 3 watt b watt to 3902 12 watt {to 25-0-25mA|to 25mA__| wirewound _| metal film metal film wirewound lo-0-lov | tov | Ike 6800 6800 1002 3 watt lat 50-0-50 | at 50 | watt 1/3 watt 12 watt to 1500 6 watt lto 25-0-25mA |to 25mA __| metal film carbon film __| carbon film wirewound _| \6-0-6V 470Q 1/3 watt | 1002 1/3 watt | 1000 1/3 watt 1002 3 watt lat 25-0-25mA corbon film _| carbon film _| carbon film wirewoundPage 4 of 8 Cet. No. 1533. Set the |.F. input to the module at 100.000kHz, 50mV emf, frequency modulated at 50Hz with o peak-to-peak deviation of 85Hz. Connect the appropriate supply voltage to Pins 86 and 87 and check that a square wave with an amplitude of approx. 2.5V less than the supply voltage is present on Pin 84 with printer disconnected. Slight adjustment of input frequency and of RVI4 should change the mark-space ratio over nearly the full range. Repeat the check with IS0Hz modulation at 150Hz peak-to-peak deviation. Check that the mark-space ratio remains sensibly constant when the I.F. input is increased to l00mV emf. Voltage Analysis The following voltages should be present, subject to usual tolerances to take account of manufactur- ing spreads in component values. @. Input and Pulse Shoping Circuits. Ic3h Pint +4.3V 5 + 1.4V 12 +3.7V 13 +9.5V 1C32 Pin 2 +4.7V ) With TP set at 5.5V 3 +4.7V) 6 +5.5v) by RVI 1C33 Pin 2 +5.5V 3 4-7V Set by RVI4. Output switches at 5.5V. 6 +8.5V "High" state or +2.5V "Low" state 7 +9.5V 1C34 Pin 2 8.5V TP 'D' high or 4.N TP 'D' low 1C35 Pin I 5.0V TP 'D' high 2.5V TP 'D' low b. Output Switching Network. Voltages measured with respect to -80V line. Avo 8 on 25V or lowest available range DC. +80V pin 86 -80V pin 86 -80V pin 87 +80V pin 87 Output high Output low Output high Output low IC34 pin 4 0.8V 1.5V Lev Lov pins 7.0V 2.1V Lev lov (C35 pin 5 lev tov 7.0 2.1Cat. No. 1533. Page 5 of 8 TRB! collector Isov lov leov lov emitter 0.6 0.6 0.6V 0.6v TR82collector lov lov Ieov I6ov base leov 1.ov Ieov lov emitter \eov 0.6V Ieov 0.6V TR83 collector 0.6v 0.8v 0.6V 0.6V Note IC34 pin 4; IC35 pin 4; TREI base are common TRB! collector; TR82 base; TRB3 base are common TR82 emitter, TR83 emitter are common. Components List. Semiconductors. TR8l 2N3439 Del BZY88 COVI TR82 2N3439 Dez BZY88 COV! TRE3 2N5Al6 Des BZY88 C3V3 Ded BZY88 C3V3 Ic3l MCI357 Des Bzy88 Cév2 1c32 7AIP 86 Bzyes Cév2 Ic33 7alP D87 - 094 IN4004 Ic34 MCT2 1c35 MCT2 Coils 133 __Discriminotor coil Part No. D5032 CH32_100mH choke Part No. 7350P Copacitors C65 O.1NF Polycarbonate 20% leov 652 0.INF Polycarbonate 20% Ieov 653 0.22uF Polycarbonate 10% Ieov C654 100pF Polystyrene 2% 63v C655 0.22uF Polycarbonate 10% 16ov C656 4,7nF Polystyrene 2% 63v C657 4.7nF Polystyrene 2% 63v C658 68pF Polystyrene 2% 63V C659 uF Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% 35v 660 O.IF Polycarbonate 20% \6ov C66 22yF — |Tantalum Electrolytic | 20%. lev C662 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% levPage 6 of 8 Cat. No. 1533. 663 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% lev C664 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% lev 665 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% | tev C666 (pF Tantalum Electrolytic 20% | 35v 667 IWF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% | sv C668 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% lev C69 22uF | Tantalum Electrolytic | 20% lev 670 InF Disc Ceramic 20% 500V cezl 0. IWF Polycarbonate 20% 250V Resistors. R651 390 R662 68k R652 220 R663 680 R653 100 R664 470k R654 120 R665 680 R655 22k R666 Ik R656 6.8k R667 15k R657 Ik R668 22k R658 Ik R669 220 R659 6.8k R670 330 R660 6.8k R671 10k R66) 6.8k Potentiometers. Alll the above are 5%, 1/3 W carbon film. for the values and rating of R672, R673, R674 and R329 see table. 5% tolerance is adequate. RVI3- RVI4 Cermet preset moulded track presetCat. No. 1533. Cat. No. 1533 FSK MODULE Printed Circuit Board Page 7 of 8Page 8 of 8 Cat. No. 1533 BP 1385 Cat, No. 1533 FSK MODULE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.High Stability Communication Receiver Page | of 6 ‘Supplement for Model 958/7E The 958/7E differs from its parent, the 958/7, in the following major respects:- I, The Aerial and RF Coils are different, as are the Tuning Scales. 2. Calibrated Knobs are fitted to the tuning controls. 3. Provision is made for sidetone injection when used in conjunction with a transmitter. 4, The Aerial Attenuator Unit, LP3260/l is replaced by the RF Sensitivity Unit, LP3280. 5. The rear panel layout is different. The changes detailed below apply:~ Pages 6-9 Technical Data cnd Performance Summary. Aerial Input. This should read:~ Ranges | - 3 : 752 unbalanced Range 4: suitable for an aerial of impedance equivalent to 200pF in series with 102. Ranges 5-10 : suitable for an aerial of impedance equivalent to 200-600pF in series with 10. Output Facilities. This should read:~ Other Input/Output Facilities. 1. 100kHz 1.F, Output (low Z) 2. External Loudspeaker (4-8) 3. Input to Internal Loudspecker 4. Line Output (6002, balanced or unbalanced) 5. Headphone output (Low/Medium-Z). 6. FSK Output (Intemal switch) 7. Diversity AGC 8. Incremental Oscillator (550-650kHz) for common oscillator working and corresponding mixer input. 9. Sidetone input 10. External final oscillator inputPage 2 of 6 High Stability Communication Receiver interrupts aerial feeder and grounds input circuit during transmission). Environmental. Add:~ DEF-133 standard is met when Shock Mounting Assembly LP3455 is fitted. Image Rejection. This should read:- lOkHz = - —1.6MHz : greater than 80dB. 1.6MHz - I8MHz # greater than 75dB. I8MHz - 30MHz : greater than 60dB. I.F. Rejection. This should read:~ \OkH2 = S4keHz 1 greater than 60d8. S4kHz - 1.6MHz greater than 80dB. I.6MHz = 4MHz 1 greater than 9048. 4MHz - 30MHz =: ~—_ greater than 100dB. Cross Modulation. This should read:~ With a wanted signal at 60d8uV producing standard output, unwanted output will be at least 30dB below this level with an interfering signal 20kHz off-tune and of level 90dBuV. Intermodulation. The intermodulation product is no longer defined as being third-order, and the frequency difference restriction is now no closer than 20kHz only. Audio Output. This should read:~ Ext. Loudspeaker (42) : IW at 5% distortion. e (6002) : greater than IOmW. Audio Response. This refers to the audio amplifier stages, the overall response is of course governed by the filter configuration in use. LF. Output. This should read:- Greater than 20mV into 75Q for 3uV Signal. FSK Performance. Keying speeds upto greater than 300 Bauds and shifts 85Hz upwards can be accomodated when FSK Module Cat. No. 1533 is fitted.High Stability Communication Receiver. Page 3 of 6 Page 150. Page 152. Circuit Data. Page 158/159. Page 160/161. Page 162/163. Poge 164/165. Page 166/167. Page 170/171. Poge 172/173. Page I75. Page 176/177. Skirt 7089/1P is no longer required as © separate item. Change the part no. of LI44 to D3896D. Optic-Scale Display. Change the part no. of the Main Display Calibration Disc to 8475/1. Miscellaneous. Change the part no. of the Speaker Grille to 6976/1P. Add: Display Hood, part no. 8995P. Add: Filtercon, |500pF, ref. 6F-170. Add: Incremental Oscillator Oven Thermostat, part no. 9412P. Change the port no. of the Handles to 8253/1. The following changes should also be made on the main circuit. Change TR4 to type BFR29. Add: C29, (IQp) in parallel with R40. Note: IC2 may be type SA20 or SA2I. If type SA20 is fitted, C56 is 2. 2pF Change the value of C394 to 0.0068 and add C397 (0.0068) in series with L144, and delete R352. On the turret disc (rear) break the copper track be- tween the connection to Ll44 marked with a dot and C394, and insert C397 ‘across the break. Move C401 so that it is wired directly in parallel with L44. Change the value of C412 to 4.5 - 20pF. Move C42I so that it is wired directly in parallel with L54. Change the value of C428 to 4.5 - 20pF Change the value of C438 to 4.5 - 20pF. Change the value of C460 to 0. 0015uF. Change the value of C476 to I5pF. Change the value of C475 to 40pF. Delet R380 and replace by a short-circuit. Change the reference of the ISpF capacitor marked C83 to C88, Add: R97 (100k Adjust on test) in parallel with C10! Add: R96 (5602) and DI3A (IN4004) both in parallel! with the coil of RLB. The anode of the diode is connected to TRII collector. Add: C225A (22uF Electrolytic) from pin 23 to common, the positive plate to pin 23. ‘Add: C150 (22uF Electrolytic) from pin 23 to common, the positive plate to pin 23, Change the value of C155 to 68pF. Change the value of C158 to 0. uF.Page 4 of 6. Page 178/179, Page 180/181. Page 187. Page 188. Poge 194. High Stability Communication Receiver. This module has been replaced, the new circuit diagram and printed circuit board layouts are included in this amendment. Change the type no. of the 250kHz filter to Cat. no. SI504. Change the value of C350 to 100uF. Change the value of R3II to 6802. Change the value of RV4 to 5,6kQ. Change the value of RVII to 2.7k2. Change the value of R299 to 332. Change the wiring of S5C so that ways "Cont Tune" and "Set" are earthed, not as shown. The main circuit diagram is correct. Main Circuit Diagram only. Change the value of R332 to 68 (Power Supply).Page 5 of 6. High Stability Communication Receiver. unaui9 1p) 403€/1/980 ferueusasouyHigh Stobility Communications Receiver. Page 6 of 6. SNOULDINNOD LOIYTIDSO WANANSEONE SNOULDINNOD ave SNONDINNOD 401, ues Swe § O41 carvomnor Nouvasdo ALIsssNa 804 036 2A) ou oe ean 400%, ORT pawog rors rTduny Jorzu0) omyeredwoy, eo 2231 November 1976 |-475~ Tel: 021 Eddystone Radio Ltd., Alvechurch Road, Birmingham B3I 3PPion Receiver. Poge | of 6 Amendment No. 2. Incremental Oscillator Unit type LP3347/ is fitted to current receivers. It incorporates a thermostat to protect against the oven overheating and on L.E,D. mounted adjacent to the unit gives on indication that the oven heater is operating normally, otherwise the unit is similar to type LP3347 which it replaces. Extemal connections are the same, with the addition of pin VR linked to pin CD, as the variable frequency facility offered by varicap diode D57 is not used on this receiver. The temperature control amplifier components (TR55, TR5é etc) are mounted on a separate circuit board which forms assembly LP3465 within the incremental oscillator unit prop= er. Poges 10, Change the type no. of the Incremental Oscillator Unit to LP3347/1 21, 56. Page 58. Change the part no. of the AC Supply Connector to D48I5. ‘Add: Box Spanner (for knobs). Part No. 9057P, Poge 57. Change the part no. of the Cabinet to LP348! (Assembly LP348I comprises cabinet with miscellaneous screws etc) Poge 124. Change the type no. of TRA to BFR29. Page 125. Add: DI3A, IN4004, ITT, Reverse voltage protection, E Change the type no. of DIé to BZY96C5VI. Page 126. Change the type no. of D4é to BZY88C8V2 (See Amendment No. |) Add: D52, 5082-4850, Hewlett-Packard, "Oven Working" LED, H. Add: 056, 82X91, Mullard, Zener regulator, H. Add: D57, BAI2I, ITT, V.V.C. (not used) H Note: that IC2 may be type SA20 or SA2I._ If SA20 is fitted, C56 is 2.2pF. Note: that IC18 may be types TCAI60A, TCAI60B or TCAI60C (refer to amend= ment no. 1). If type TCAI6OC is fitted as @ replacement remove the alumin= ium clip supplied with the device and refit the Eddystone heatsink. The pin | end of the device is identified by the deeper notch. Page 128. Add: C29, l0pF, Tubular ceramic, 10%, 750V, D. Page 131. Add: C150, 220uF, Tubular Electrolytic, - 10% + 50%, I6V, G. Change the value of C155 to 68pF. Change the value of C158 to 0.IuF. Page 132. Add: C225A, 22uF, Tontalum Electrolytic, 20%, I6V, J Page 134. Change the value of C339 to |50uF (See amendment No. !). Change the value of C350 to l00uF. Change the value of C372 to 6800uFPage 2 of 6 Page 135. Page 137. Page 138. Page 139. Page l4I. Page 142. Page 143. Page 144 Page 145. Page 146. Page 147. Page 148. High Stability Communication Receiver. C506, 10pF, Tubular ceramic, 10%, 750V, H. 530, 0.0lyF, Disc ceramic, - 20% + 80% , 25V, H. 531, [SQuF, Tubular electrolytic, - 10% + 50% I6V, H. R96, 5602, 5%, 0.3W, E. 97, 100kQ Adjust on test, 5%, 0.3W, E. Change the value of R299 to 332. Change the value of R3II to 6802. Change the value of R332 to 680. Add: R432, IkQ, 5%, 0.3W, H. 433, 270kKR, 5%, 0.3W, H. 1434, 3302, 5%, 0.3W, H. Add: R435, 1.8k2, 5%, 0.3W, H. Change the value of C394 to 6800pF. Add: C397, 6800pF, Polystyrene, 2%, 125V, 6. Change the value of C4l2 to 4.5 - 20pF Change the value of C428 to 4.5 - 20pF. Change the value of C438 to 4.5 - 20pF. Change the value of C460 to 0.0015uF. Change the value of C475 to 40pF. Change the value of C476 to ISpF. Delete R380. Change the part no. of RF Assembly to LP3375/1. Change the part no. of 935kHz Loop Amplifier Module to LP3055/1. Change the part no. of Incremental Oscillator Unit to LP3347/1. Add; to Printed Circuit Boards: Temperature Control Amp. Board, LP3465. Change the part no. of 250kHz IF Filter toCat. No. $1504 Change the value of RV4 to 5.6k2, part no. 9372P. Change the value of RVII to 2.7k2, part no. 6841P. Change the part no. of RV5 to 9439/1P. Change the part no. of RV7 to 9439P. Change the part no. of Mains Input Connector (chassis mounted) to 8730P. Change the part no. of Mains Input Connector (with lead) to D48I5. Change the part nos. of the knobs as follows:- 3613/3 to LP3459/1 03614 to LP3460/1 D3957 to LP3464/1 3958 to D493High Stability Communication Receiver Page 3 of 6 Note. Image and |.F. rejection, cross and inter-modulation and blocking are measured with cerial impedances equivalent to that shown under "Aerial Input" above. Poge I6. Page 62. Pages 63- 65. Page 74. Page 76. Poge 88. Page 136. Page 139. Page I4I. Poge 145. Page 148. Page 150. For Aerial Attenuator read "RF Sensitivity Unit, LP3280". This provides attenuator settings of OdB - 10dB - 20dB. There is no balun transformer, the aerial input impedances are as quoted above. Delete reference to High - Z Aerial input. The push terminals ore used for the 6000 line output. Ancillaries Connector. This is as shown overleaf. Aerial Attenuator. The switch positions are OdB - l0dB - 20dB. The notes regarding the use of this control still apply. A.F. Gain Control. Note that the sidetone volume is not directly controlled by the receiver controls. The level should be set externally on installation of the receiver. Performance Testing and Realignment. The aerial input to the receiver should be from an impedance equivalent to that given under "Aerial Input" above. Add:- C579, 0.0luF, Polycarbonate, 20%, 100V,S. Change the values of RII, RI2 to 390. Change the value of RI3 to 479. Add R570, 330k, 5%, 0.3W, S. R571, 10K2, 5% 0.3W, S. R572, 100KR, 5%, 0.3W, S. R573, 3.30, 5%, 3W (Wirewound) S. R574, 3.32, 5%, 3W (Wirewound) S. Change the value of C4I2 to 4.5 - 20pF. Add C4I3, lOpF, Tubular Ceramic, 10%, 750V,, Range 10. Change the Aerial Attenuator Unit, port no. LP3260/l to RF Sensitivity Unit, port no, LP3280. Change the part no. of Aerial Disc (A) to LP328I. Change the part no. of RF Disc (8) to LP3282. Change the part nos. for the Main Tuning and Incremental Tuning knobs to LP3487/l. Change the part nos. of the coils as follows:~ L136 to D3892C L44 to D3900B 137 to D389KC LS (3901B L138 to |= 38948 146 to: 39028 L139 to 44334. 48 to (4438Page 4 of 6 High Stability Communication Receiver RsIO RST C570 To AUDIO MODULE KS of = TERNAL tis OH ho sk swe sey 10 AuDio Mou: 7 IKI PHONES: FIXED CONNECTOR PL/C (ViEWED ON PINS? F-MUTING ciRcUMTUaVD. |pMUTING ciRcUn (WEED ON WIRED SIDE) NB. MUTING POLARITY CAN BE REVERSED, NB: EXTERNAL EARTH CONNECTIONS CAN BE MADE TO Sela OF SRS — pe ALTERNATIVE EARTH RETURN FOR EXTERNAL HeaoaHONeS Jade _ oiversity acc—# | ~ t6O-+-——tnk 10 vo. rext 1/8 Nor USED. = 1 CL intennat 1/5:4ink 10 ANS TO OPERATE i FROM OWN RECENER. /gcMmute Vic Lo OF a ie : ; o7} -20v ASPNI——HO | ance a I 9 i) rns - FREE CONNECTOR SK/C EXT, LOUDSPEAKER(Ga). MODEL 958/7E = Ancillary Connections (PL_& SK/C )High Stability Communication Receiver Poge 150 Continued... Poge 152. Page 157. Page 160. Page 162. L142 43 Li44 Li45 LI46 to to to to to 044344, 4435 038968 D4436A D4437A L49 50 Ls2 53 to to to to Page 5 of 6 44394, 44404 44424, 04443 Optics. Change the part no. of the Tuning Scale disc to 8475P. Delete the Circuit Diagram and Printed Circuit Board Layouts and replace by those shown below. Delete R352. This component is mounted on the coil and therefore does not appear on the Disc layout. Delete the circuit for Range 10 and replace by that shown below. The disc layout is not affected.Page 6 of 6 High Stobility Communication Receiver Circuit Diograms. Make the changes relating to the Ancillaries Connector (see page 4 of this amendment) and the changes shown below. 1 aE sensitivity — Max [ana ! a ae 3S se 8 a £ I fae oy RF SENSITIVITY UNIT Eddystone Radio Ltd., Alvechurch Road, Birmingham B3I 3PP, England. Tel: 021-475-2231. November 1976,High Stability Communication Receiver Page 1 of 9 AMENDMENT NO. 1 aa 1274 Audio Module LP3385 This module has been superseded by Audio Module LP3431. External connections remain the same. CW/SSB Detector & BFO Module LP3348 This module has been superseded by P3432. External connections remain the same. 10kHz Calibrator Unit LP3441 This is an additional unit which is mounted above and to the rear of the Incremental Oscillator Unit. It works in conjunction with the 1MHz Crystal Calibrator. When the CAL switch button is pressed 1MHz calibration markers are provided on ranges 1-4 and 10kHz calibration markers are provided on ranges 5-10, CORRIGENDA Page 7 Line 9 should read:— ‘The CW/SSB Detector employs a double-balanced mixer . . . etc. Page 11 Delete LP3385 and substitute LP3431 Delete LP3348 and substitute LP3432 Page 31 The penultimate paragraph should read:— The double-balanced mixer employs an integrated circuit (IC20 : SL641C) with signal (100kHz IF) input applied to pin 7 via coaxial interconnection ‘V’. Oscillator injection is to pin 3 and audio output is taken from pin 5 via a low-pass filter... ete. Page 32 Line 2 and line 7:— For “gate 2 of detector” read “pin 3 of the mixer” Line 17 and line 23:— Delete LP3385 and substitute LP3431 Line 25: For $L414 read TCA160 Line 26: After AF GAIN (RV7), insert:— via buffer stage TR34 (UC7348) Line 28: Delete and replace with: HF response roll-off is provided by R269/C330 Delete Line 29 and line 30:~ (RV26 is not fitted) Line 31: for C339 read C335High Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Page 2 of 9 Page 33 Pages 56 & 57. Table 3.3 Page 63 Page 68 Page 76 Page 82 Page 88 Page 97 Page 118 Page 120 Line 2 should read:— This circuit comprises TR36 (UC734B), TR36 (BCY71) and 119 (MFC40008) as buffer, pre-amplifier and output amplifier Line 3: for D37A read D46 Line 8: for TR35 read TR37 Line9: should read Meter Rectifiers D37 and 037A (OA47). Output from D37A . .. ete. Ref. 11. Audio Amplifier Module LP3431 Semiconductors: TR34-37, IC18, IC19, 037, 037A, D46 Capacitors: 327-348 Resistors: 266-287 Misc: 12 Ref.18. __CW/SSB Detector & BFO Unit LP3432 Semiconductors: TR32, 035, 036, D36A Capacitors: 312-6326 Resistors: R251-R261 Misc: 32, CH28-31 and 314 Line 22:— Delete the sentence beginning: “Total shut-down of the output . . . (Audio Module LP3431 does not incorporate an automatic shut-down feature). Line 21: Delete all references to IC shut-down. Line CALIBRATOR SWITCH: 10kHz markers are available on ranges 5-10. ‘See CALIBRATOR SWITCH above and modify text where necessary. Line 20: Delete reference to automatic overload cut-out. Line 35: . . . sensitivity of 20mV for 100mW output should read: 6mV for 100mW output, (4 ohm load), Delete the paragraph headed: Product Detector Gain 61. Service: Supply to 120 Pin 66. Voltage should be approx. ~4.5V for 10mW noise on panel meter Pin 69. Service: Supply to IC18, TR34 and TR37. Internal zener feeds TR35, TRIG and IC19, Delete TR33 Voltage readings should be as below:— emitter/ base/ collector/ source gate 1 drain TR34 +1V ov +11.75V TR35 HV ov + B75V TR36 +4V 43.4 + 0.75VHigh Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Page 3 of 9 Page 122. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Voltage readings should be as below:— 1j2]{3la]s5 6 | 7/8 | 9 [10] 1 fi2zfis | 14 Jis]t6 Ic18 | ov} +7v| — ev) — | +6.6v) — | 49v | +12v| - | +12v} - |ev} — | - lov jicaa |} -| -}-}-] - | -]ovis }- |] - |-]- |esavj-]}- tc22 | * | -|-|- |ssav] ov} —|- |] - |ov) * J+ f-] * J-]- * Repetitive pulses present 1 RF waveform present Page 125 Delete TR33. TR34-37 should read as below:— ‘R34; UC734B; Solidev; AF Amplifier (buffer) ‘R35; UC7348; Solidev; AF Amplifier (buffer) R36; BCY771; Mullard; AF Amplifier (600 ohm line pre-amp) R37; BC107B; Mullard; AF Amplifier (Meter Rect. Driver) Add: D1; BZY88C4V7; Mullard; Zener regulator Page 126 Add:— D36A; BZY88C6V2; Mullard; Zener regulator; L Change D37A to read: 0A47; Mullard; Meter rectifier O/P; M Add:— 046; BZYB8C9V1; Mullard; Zener regulator; M Change 1C18 to read:— TCA160; Mullard; Main Audio Amplific Add:— 1C20; SL641C; Plessy; Double-balanced mixer; L 1C21; SN7413; Texas; Schmitt Trigger; Y 1C22; SN7490; Texas; Decade Divider; Y Page 128 Add to the location code:— Y : 10kHz Calibrator Unit C3, C4, and C5 references now allocated: C3; 10 F; Tantalum; 20% 20V; Y C4; 0.01uF; Disc ceramic; +80%—-20%; 250V; Y C5; 0.014 F; Disc ceramic; +80%-20%; 250V; YHigh Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Page 4 of 9 Page 133 & Delete C314, C317-324, and C330-348. Page 134 Note that these references, together with C325-329 which are now allocated, should read as listed below:— Ref. Value Type Tolerance | Wkg. V Loe. C314 0.01yF Disc ceramic +80%-20% 250V L C317 O.0mF Disc ceramic +80%—20% 250V L 317A | 0.01uF Dise ceramic +80%-20% | 250V i C318 O.01uF Disc ceramic +80%—20% 250V L C319) 22uF Tantalum 20% 16V L C320 | 22uF Tantalum 20% 16V a 321 | 22uF Tantalum 20% 16V L 322 | 0.022uF Polycarbonate 20% 100V L 323 O.1uF Polycarbonate 20% 100V L C324 O.1uF Polycarbonate 20% 100V L 6325 10uF Tantalum 20% 25V L 326 10uF Tantalum 20% 25V L C327 0.047 nF Polycarbonate 20% 100V M C328 22uF Tantalum 20% 16V M 329 0.22uF Polycarbonate 20% 100v M 330 | 0.0047uF | Polystyrene 5% | sv C331 220uF ‘Tubular electrolytic +50%—10% 16V M 332 22uF Tantalum 20% 16V M 333 0.22uF Polycarbonate 20% yoov | oM C334 22uF | Tantalum 20% 16V | M C335 A70uF | Tubular electrolytic ++50%-10% | 25V M C336 220pF Tubular electrolytic +50%—10% 16V M C337 O.1uF Polycarbonate 20% | 100V | M C338 1.0nF Tantalum 20% | 35V M 339 68 uF Tantalum 20% 20V M C340 0.047uF Polycarbonate 20% 100V M 341 22uF Tantalum 20% | tev M 342 | 0.047uF | Polycarbonate 20% 100v M 6343 | 0,001KF | Disc ceramic 20% 500V M C3440 100nF ‘Tubular electrolytic +50%—10% 16V M C345, 1.0uF Tantalum 20% 35V M C346 | 100uF Tubular electrolytic +50%—10% 16V M 347 1.0uF =| Tantalum 20% 36V M 348 4TuF | Tantalum | 20% 20V M Page 136 5-9. Note that these references are now allocated as listed below: Ref. Value | Tol. Rt | Loe. = 7 RS 12,0002 5% osw Y | R6 680 5% Ww | Y R7 1,0002 5% ow y Re 1g002 | 8% o.3W Rg 2200 | 8% 0.aW |High Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Page 5 of 9 Page 138 Delete R253, R256-259, R261-263, and R270-287. Note that these references, together with R260 and R266-269 which are now allocated, should read as listed below:— Ref. Value Tol. Rtg. Loc. R253 6,8002 5% 0.3W L R256 | 47002 5% 0.3W L R257 2702 5% 0.3W L R258 2702 |S 8% 0.3W L R259 4702 5% 0.3W L R260 | 18,0000 5% | o3w L R261 1802 5% 0.3W p R262 Not allocated | R263 | Not allocated R266 47,0002 5% 0.3w M R267 1002. 5% O.3w M R268 4700 5% o.3w M R269 | 22002 «8| 5% 0.3w M R270 1002 5% 0.3W M R271 | 1002 5% 0.3 M R272 4,7002, 5% 0.3W M R273 | 820 ww. 5% ew M R274 1002 5% 0.3W M R275 | 47,0000 5% ow M R276 4702 | 5% O.3w M R277 1002 5% 0.3W M R278 82,0002 5% o.3w M R279 47,0002 5% o.3w M R280 10,0002. 5% 0.3W M R281 1002 5% 0.3W M R282 | 1,0002 5% 0.3w M R283 4,7002 5% 0.3W M R284 | 22/0002 5% o.3w M R285, 11,2002 5% o.3w M R286 4702 5% O.3w M R287 | 100,000 5% 0.3W M Page 140 Delete RV21 & RV26 Page 145 Change LP3348 to read LP3432 ‘Change LP3385 to read LP3431 Add: 10kHz Calibrator Unit LP3441 Page 147 Delete RV21 Page 151 Change CH31 to read: 10 millihenries Page 152 Part No. 9199P Add: CH31A; 22 millihenries. Part No. 9200P Add: CH47; 68 millihenries; 10kHz Calibrator; Part No. 7759PHigh Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Page 6 of 9 Page 184 Page 186 Block Diagram Main Circuit Diagram Note that the circuit diagram and printed circuit board layout of CW/SSB Detector and BFO Unit is now as included with this emendment. Note that the circuit diagram and printed circuit board layout of the Audio Amplifier Module is now as included with this amendment. Change TR33 (CW/SSB Detector) to read IC20 Change TR34 Audio Amp. to read TR35 Buffer Change TR35 to TR37 Insert TR36 Audio Amp. between TR36 Buffer and IC19 Insert TR34 Buffer before IC18 Insert 10kHz Calibrator between TR13 and Crystal Calibrator Note that the circuits of the Audio Module and the CW/SSB Detector and BFO are now as included with this amendment. For details of the 10kHz Calibrator circuit and interconnections also refer to this amendment. The connection from the CAL switch to pin 1 of the RF Assembly is routed via the 10kHz Calibrator Unit. The coaxial cable (1) linking the Master Oscillator Unit and the BFO is also routed via the 10kHz Calibrator Unit.Page 7 of 9 High Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 A pvEd 7 BUN J0181q11°9 ZHYOL PseOg NIN peaiidg pue wesberg 21NDPage 8 of 9 High Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 a be nue Circuit Diagram: CW/SSB Detector & BFO Module LP3432Page 9 of 9 High Stability Communication Receiver Amendment No. 1 Audio Module LP3431 eDorstone Ty 60 72 68 67 66 6s 64 oo cma wa |X a rom PRINTED CIRCUIT cum oa BOARDS 2 RODYSTONE s178P/L 0,000 CW/SSB Detector & BFO Module LP3432Page 1 of 1 GENERAL AMENDMENT 958 SERIES (ALL MODELS) The following modification has been introduced in order to reduce the possibility of failure of the 3rd. signal mixer stage formed by TR20 (250kHz IF Module). ADD:~ 1 off IN4004 diode to the a/m module circuitry connected from the drain of TR20 to ground. The diode is connected across pin Q/L end the ground pin. In all model variants the cathode of the diode is connected towards pin Q/L. For 958/12 variant connect diode ocrass pin CA/Q/L and ground; cathode towards pin CA/Q/L. July 1978.SEPTEMBER 1978 GENERAL AMENDMENT 958/7 SERIES ERRATA, CIRCUIT DIAGRAM : : USB/LSB SWITCH (designated $7). The given markings "USB" and "LSB" for switch S7 are incorrect, and should be transposed. (e.g. The +12V supply is switched in to energise relays RLD1 and RLE] when S7 is switched to the USB position). The receiver circuitry is correct. GENERAL CHANGES 935kHz LOOP MODULE : : R84 becomes 1K2. Page 1 of 1October 1975 Sheet 1 of 4 Eddystone Radio MODEL £C958/7F SUPPLEMENT TO EC958/7 INSTRUCTION MANUAL INTRODUCTION This receiver is a variant of the EC958/7 fitted with a Notch Filter Module LP3466. Changes are as detailed below and a modification circuit is bound at the rear of the manual . General The Notch Filter Module is fitted at the front of the RH side plate. It is wired in circuit between the 100kHz IF Filter Unit and the 100kHz IF Amplifier Module. The notch filter is tunable over the range 100kHz + 300Hz by means of a front pane! control which also serves to switch the filter into circuit, the insertion loss béing approximately 7-10dB. The notch depth obtaine« imately 60dB down referred to the centre of the bandwidth with the notch filter out of « Operation The notch filter control knob is concentric with the IF gain control and is distinguished by a red skirt. To bring the filter into operation the knob is moved out of the red sector at the extreme anti-clockwise end of its travel. Further rotation of the control knob enables the filter to be tuned over the prescribed range. It should be noted thet if the notch filter is used with bandwidths greater than 2kHz some limitation of the overall bandwidth will occur. Circuit The notch filter is a bridged 'T' type, tuned by MV1656 varicap diodes. The filter inductor (vinkor) is preset to give the required tuning range of at least + 300Hz around 100kHz. A 100kKQ preset potentiometer controls the notch depth. Another vinkor, which forms the tuned load for the filter, is preset to resonance at 100kHz. Control veitage for the varicap diodes is derived directly from the notch filter contra! potentio~ meter on the front panel. This control voltage is also fed to a trigger circuit comprising a 741P operational amplifier and two BCY 71 transistors. As the control knob is moved from the extreme clockwise position the control voltage rises to a level where the transistors are tumed ‘on! thus energising the associated relays which bring the filter into circuit. The switch ‘on’ point is determined by a 1kQ preset potentiometer.Eddystone Radio Limited October 1975 Sheet 2 of 4 Component Types, Major Spares Appendix "Bt Page 124 Add to Location Code: Y: Notch Filter Module Page 125-7 Add: Ref. Type Monufacturer | Circuit Function | Location 1c25 | 741P Texas Switching Detector Y tR70 | BCY 71 Mullord Relay Driver Y TR71 | BCY 71 Mullard Relay Driver iv p70 | 1N4004 nT Relay Diode ¥ D7) | Mv1656 Motorola Varicop Diode Y p72 | Mv1656 Motorola Varicap Diode y 73 | 1N4004 nT Relay Diode Y D74 | Bzy8sclo | Mullard Zener Diede Q ndix Page 128 Add to Location Code : Y: Notch Filter Module Page 136 Add: Ref. | Value Type Tolerance |Wkg. V| Location 1600 | 1uF Tantalum 20% 35v Y IC601 | 22pF Polystyrene | +10% 125V x C602 | 0.1yF Polycarbonate | 20% 1oov Y C603 }0.0056uF | Polystyrene 2% 125 v C604 | 180pF Polystyrene 2% 125V Y C605 | 0. 1pF Polycarbonate | 20% toov Y C606 |0.0056uF | Polystyrene 2% 125V Y C607 | 180pF Polystyrene 2% 125v Y C608 | 0.1pF Polycarbonate | 20% loov Y 'C609 | 390pF Polystyrene 2% 125V Y IC610 | 1pF Tantalum 20% 35V Y Con | IF Tantalum 20% 35V Y IC612 | 220uF Tubular | so - 10%] 16V a ElectrolyticEddystone Radio Limited October 1975 v Sheet 3 of 4 Page 139: Add:- Ref. Value Tolerance Rating Location R600 472 5% 0.3W vy R601 47 5% 0.3W ¥ R602 0.33MQ 5% 0.3W Y R603 47, 5% 0.3W Y R604 330000 5% 0.3W Y R605 0.33MQ 5% 0.3W v R606 479 5% 0.3W Y R607 470000 5% 0.3W Y R6Os 56002. 5% 0.3W iy R609 10000 5% 0.3W NG R610 10002 5% 0.3W v ROT 820000 5% 0.3W Y R612 4702 5% 0.3W ¥ R613 4700Q 5% 0.3w Y R614 1002 5% 0.3W Q R615 2702 5% 0.3 Q Page 140 Add:-. Ref. Volve | Law Type Function Location RV30 | 0.1MQ2 | LIN | Carbon preset | Notch Depth ¥ IRV31| 10002 | LIN | Carbon preset | Switching level vi Ikv32} 10002 | LIN | Carbon Notch frequency Q Appendix ‘D' Poge 145 Add:- Notch Filter Module LP3466 100kHz IF Amplifier Module LP3056/1 Delete:~ 100kHz IF Amplifier Module LP3056Eddystone Radio Limited October 1975 Sheet 4 of 4 Poge 147 Add: RV5/RV32_ IF Gain/Notch Frequency 50,0002 log + 10002 lin with concentric spindle 9432P Page 148 Add: IF Gain/Notch Frequency knob assembly LP3462/3 Page 151 Add:— R Description Part No. 190 Notch coil 04976 it Output coil 4977 Page 152 Add:~ Finger Plate (Model 958/7F) 04980 Delete:~ Finger Plate (Model 958/7) 9767POctober 1978 AMENDMENT NO, 5 MODEL 958/7 GENERAL CHANGES TO CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 10kHz CALIBRATOR UNIT LP3441 (AMENDMENT NO. 1 REFERS). ‘Add two diodes type 1544 as follows:~ D1 across pins 2 and 5 of IC22. Cathode to pin 5. D2 across pins 5 and 12 of IC22. Cathode to pin 5. MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT ‘Add capacitor 0. 1y polycarbonate 20% 100V Wkg (designated C122a). This capacitor is connected across circuit board terminal "I" and EARTH. FSK MODULE (CAT 153: Change value of Resistor R329 (original value 1K8) to IK w.w 12W 5%. The resistor is connected from FSK circuit board terminal "84" to Pin 11 of the Ancillary Connector. Page 1 of 1CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS Page Section 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION General Description 6 AND TECHNICAL DATA General Specification 7 Performance Summary 8 Section 2. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION List of Contents 10 Section 3. MECHANICAL Mounting styles 49 CONSTRUCTION Weight 49 Internal Layout 49 Tuning Drives and Frequency Display 51 ‘Component Location 55 Section 4. INSTALLATION Accessories 58 Assembly instructions 59 Mains voltage adjustment 60 Operation from low-voltage dic. supplies 61 External connections 61 Installation of dual- diversity terminal 64 Synthesized operation con ranges 5-10 66 Section 5. OPERATION Introduction 68 Control functions and basic operating procedures 69 Tuning instructions 7 Section 6. MAINTENANCE General 80 Fuse and lamp replacement 80 Fault diagnosis 81 Performance testing a8 Re-alignment 90 Removal of units, modules ete. 98 Pages 103-114 do not appear in this handbook and are reserved for future extension of Section 6. Page 3CONTENTS Fig. 3.1 Fig, 3.2. Fig. 3.3. Fig. 3.4, Fig. 3.5. Fig. 3.6. Fig. 4.1. Fig. 4.2. Fig. 4.3. Fig. 4.4. Fig. 4.5. Fig. 5.1. Page 4 ILLUSTRATIONS. Model £C958/7 Receiver List of illustrations in Section 2 Dimensions of Receiver in all mounting styles Main scale projection system Plan view of Receiver with covers removed Underside view of Receiver with covers removed Side elevation with covers removed showing SSB Filter Assembly, Meter/Regulator Board and Rectifiers D43 and D44, FSK Module LP3058 Mains Transformer voltage settings. Rear view of Receiver showing location of input/output connectors Internal connections to Ancillaries Connector PLIC (viewed on pins) External connections to Ancillaries Connector SK/C (viewed on wiring side) Interconnections for common oscillator working. Front view of receiver showing panel controls. Main Circuit Diagram Page 51 52 53 61 62 63 65 67 70 Inside rear coverAPPENDICES Voltage analysis, Semi-conductor complement List of component types, tolerances and ratings: Part 1 Main Receiver Part2 Turret Disks List of major spares Circuit data, printed circuit board patterns and legends. CONTENTS Page 115 124 128 141 145 156 Page 5GENERAL DESCRIPTION Section 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION & TECHNICAL DATA GENERAL DESCRIPTION The EC958/7 receiver covers the frequency band 10kHz to 30MHz with reception facilities for all normal signal modes including FSK. Self-contained circuitry permits high-stability working at all frequencies from 1.6MHz up, and provision is made for connecting an external synthesizer on the lower frequency ranges. The receiver can be powered from any 40-60Hz AC supply and is available in basic form for rack-mounting, or complete with cabinet to suit bench installations. Current variants include Model EC958/9 which is a special version for ISB reception and has a 7” (178mm) panel. The circuit configuration for frequencies below 1.6MHz employs either single-conversion with an IF of 100kHz, or double-conversion using an additional IF of 250kHz. An oven-controlled crystal oscillator provides 360kHz injection for the second conversion stage on those ranges where double-conversion is used. The 1st Oscillator is continuously tunable for all frequencies from 10kHz to 1.6MHz and provides adequate stability for the types of signal normally encountered in this part of the spectrum. Frequency read-out is by means of a high-resolution optical projection system equipped with a polarised filter to maintain optimum readability in conditions of high ambient lighting. The scale markings are free from parallax and frequencies can be read to 1kHz. At frequencies higher than 1.6MHz, the circuit changes to triple-conversion with a tunable 1st IF ahead of the two IF’s used on the double-conversion ranges. The Ist Oscillator becomes part of a narrow-band drift-cancelling loop which can be locked at intervals of 100kHz by reference to an oven-controlled Master Oscillator to give an effective Ist Oscillator stability of + 0.5 parts in 107. Adjustment of the Ist Oscillator to the appropriate 100kHz point is by use of the Main Tuning Control with frequency read-out provided by the optical projection system in the same manner as on the lower frequency ranges. Interpolation between adjacent 100kHz points on the main scale is achieved by use of the tunable IF facility which is set by means of the Incremental Tuning Control. Calibration read-out is by a five-figure digital display which can be read to the nearest cycle of the tune frequency: overall accuracy is within 4Hz under all conditions of operation. Provision is made for disabling the drift-cancelling loop to permit continuous search tuning over any selected HF range with the incremental facility still available for use as a fine frequency adjuster. The receiver employs FET’s and MOSFET’s in almost all the front-end and IF stages, and utilises single, double or triple-conversion according to the frequency range in use. Input protection is included as a standard feature and desensitizing is provided by an internal relay which interrupts the aerial feeder and grounds the input to the RF Stage during periods of transmission. Three signal frequency circuits are used before the Ist Signal Mixer on all except the two lowest ranges where adequate selectivity is Provided by two circuits. Page 6TECHNICAL DATA The Master Oscillator, the Incremental Oscillator and the 350kHz crystal in the final conversion stage are all oven-controlied and provision is made for standardising the Master against an external frequency standard. Bandwidth in the 1st and 2nd IF is limited to a maximum of the order 15kHz and selectivity is adjustable at the final IF where a 5-section L/C filter can be switched to provide bandwidths of 400Hz, 1.3kHz, 3kHz and BkHz. Separate upper and lower sideband filters can be introduced for SSB reception with characteristics in accordance with CEPT Specifications. IF output is available at 100kHz for use with ancillary equipment. The CW/SSB Detector employs a Qual-gate MOSFET with carrier insegtion derived from the Master Oscillator. A tunable BFO is used for CW signals, thishaving a coverage of * 5kHz with a reduction tuning drive for ease of adjustment. Audio outputs are provided for external loudspeaker, telephones and lines, the line output being fed from a totally independent amplifier with separate level control. A miniature monitor speaker fed from the main channel is fitted behind the front panel, Other standard features include @ meter which indicates carrier or line level (and also serves as a tuning monitor in receivers equipped with the optional FSK Module), provision for dual-diversity working (with or without common oscillator control) and an input for synthesized working at frequencies lower than 1.6MHz. Mechanical and electrical design of the receiver have been closely integrated and it can be subjected to extremes of environmental conditions with only minor degradation in performance. All front-end circuitry is built into @ diecast aluminium-alloy frame to ensure optimum screening and maximum rigidity. The basic chassis is of Alocrom-protected aluminium which provides a strong light-weight assembly with good climatic protection. Most circuitry is housed in detachable modules or units to facilitate servicing and inspection. TECHNICAL DATA GENERAL SPECIFICATION Frequency Coverage Continuously tunable 10kHz to 30MHz in ten Application am High-grade professional-class receiver suitable for Ranges 1-4: 1.6-30MHz with internal facilities fixed, mobile or maritime use where wide fre- for high-stability working and digi- quency coverage and high-stability are of para- tal frequency read-out to 1Hz. mount importance. Ranges 5-10: 10kHz-1650kH2 with provision for use with external synthesizer if Reception Modes high-stability working is required. A1, A2 & A2H telegraphy (and F1 telegraphy fee when ‘optional FSK Module Type LP3056 is Circuit Configuration fitted). Ranges 1-4 : Triple-conversion with tunable 1st IF and drift-cancelling loop A3, A3A, A3H & A3J telephony with separate Ranges 5-10: Single-conversion, or double-con: filters for upper, lower and double-sideband version with overrcontrolled crystal working. in second conversion stage. Page 7TECHNICAL DATA Intermediate Frequencies IF]: 1236-1335kHz (Incremental Tuning). IF2 : 250kHz (high-grade ceramic filter) IF3 + 100kHz (LIC and crystal filters). BFO: 100kHz + SkHz (reduction drive). Aerial input 752 unbalanced (also 6002 on Ranges 5-10). ‘Output Facilities 1, 100kHz IF Output (low-Z). 2. External Loudspeaker (3a). 3. Lines (600n,, bal. or unbal.). 4, Headset (low/medium-Z). 5. FSK Relay (h/s mercury reed) 6. Diversity AGC. 7. Incremental Oscillator (550-650kHz) for com- mon oscillator working. Muting Internal h/s reed relay controled from associated ‘transmitter interrupts aerial feeder and grounds input circuit during transmission. Environmental The receiver conforms generally to the climatic and shock/vibration requirements of DEF-133. Operational Temperature Rating: -15°C to +55°C (+40°C, 95% relative humidity). Power Supply 105/130V or 210/260V (40-60Hz) single-phase AC, Consumption of the order 80VA max. DC/AC Converter can be supplied to special order 10 permit operation from 12V or 24V supply. Cot Ne 9249 Mounting Styles Standard version is in rack-mounting form to suit 483mm (19in.) racking. Also available with cabinet (and shock mounts) for bench-mounting. Dimensions and Weight See Section 3, Accessories Plinth Loudspeaker Unit Cat. No. 989. Cabinet Loudspeaker Unit Cat. No. 935. Page 8 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY Not to be interpreted as a Test Specification Sensitivity AM : 3xV for 10dB S#N/N ratio (3kHz B/W). cw/ssB 1uV for 10dB S+N/N ratio (3kHz B/W) CW (10-100kHz) : 1uV for 20dB SINAD (1.3kHz Bmw). IF Selectivity Four selectable bandwidths using switched L/C filter plus separate multi-pole crystal filters for upper and lower sideband. Posn. -6d8 6008 1 400Hz 2.4kHz 2 1.3kHz 4.BKHz 3 3kHz 12kHz 4 kHz 18kHz SSB Filters: 2.4kHz BW at -3dB, 3.9kHz at -G0dB assymmetrical, meeting CEPT Specification. N.B. Maximum overall bandwidth is governed by front-end circuits when operating on low frequency ranges. Image Rejection 10kH2—18MHz 18MHz—30MHz : greater than 75dB greater than 60dB IF Rejection S3kHz—126kHz : greater than 8548 280kHz—3MHz : greater than 90d8 3MHz—30MHz greater than 100dB Other freqs. greater than 6048 Frequency Stability 1.6MH2—30MHz : Tune frequency will remain within 4Hz of Master Osc. stability" for any 20°C change in the range 0°C to +60°C. Better than 1 part in 10* in any 5-min period with con: stant ambient. 160kHz—1.6MHz VOkHz—160kHz : Better than 5OHz in any S-min period with constant ambient. (*) £ 0.5 parts in 107 over the range -10°C to +60°C.Cross Modulation With a wanted signal 60d8.V producing standard output, unwanted output will be at least 30d8 below this level with an interfering signal 20kHz off-tune and of level 95dBuV (or 5% off-tune of level 110dBxV in the range 1.6:30MHz) Blocking With a wanted signal 604B.V, output will be affected by less than 3dB with an interfering carrier 20kHz off-tune of level 100dBuV (or 3% offtune of level 120dB.V in the range 1.6~ 30MHz} Intermodulation The level of third-order intermodulation products produced by two signals of equal strength lying at carrier + TkHe and carrier + 1.6kHz will be at least 30dB below the level of either signal. With @ wanted signal 30dBuV producing standard output, two unwanted signals adjusted to produce a third-order intermodulation product at the wanted frequency, must each be of a level greater than 90dB.V to produce standard output (neither signal closer than 20kHz to the wanted frequency, or within 3% in the range 1.6—30MH2z), AGC Characteristic Output is maintained within 6d8 for a change in input of 90dB from 3uV reference level. TECHNICAL DATA AGC Time Constant Governed by Mode Switch. Of the order 40ms attack and 1 sec. decay at ‘AM’ & ‘CW/SSB’: increased to 200ms and 10 secs when switched to ‘SSB HIGH-STAB’. Audio Output Ext Loudspeaker (3a): 1W at 5% distortion Line (6002): 10mW max Audio Response Level within 3dB over the range 300Hz to 4kHz, IF Output 20mV into 752 for 3uV at aerial input. Radiation Less than 400pW (typically 20pW). Scale Resolution 10kH2—1650kHz 1.6MH2z—30MHz : Readable to 1kHz Readable to 1Hz FSK Performance Keying speeds up to 200 bauds with shifts of 85-850Hz can be accommodated when FSK Module Type LP3058 is fitted. Page 9CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Section 2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE RF SECTION THE TUNABLE IF LIST OF CONTENTS Frequency Conversion Intermediate Frequencies Conversion Oscillators Mixer Stages General Construction Printed Circuit Boards Turret Disks AERIAL ATTENUATOR UNIT LP3260/1 The RF Amplifier and associated circuits The 1st Signal Mixer Signal frequency tuning Main-Tune Oscillator (MTO) IMHz CRYSTAL CALIBRATOR BOARD LP3059 Introduction Frequency conversion in the Tunable |F Incremental Tuning Incremental Calibration Tunable 1F Circuitry TUNABLE IF MODULE LP3057A/1 The 2nd Signal Mixer The 2nd Loop Mixer INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3347 Incremental Oscillator Board LP3362 & Oven Control Circuit Inc. Osc. Divider Board LP3363 HIGH STABILITY WORKING | Introduction Page 10 DRIFT CANCELLING LOOP-Principle of Operation Bandwidth of drift-cancelling loop High-Stab/Continuous Tune Switching High-Stab Indicator Drift cancelling loop circuitry MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3346 RF ASSEMBLY Harmonic Amplifier 1st Loop Mixer & MTO Amplifier 935kHz LOOP MODULE LP3055A/t 935kHz Loop Amplitier 935kHz Loop Limiter, Discriminator & AFC Controller High-Stab Indicator Circuit _ 935kHz Crystal OscillatorCIRCUIT DESCRIPTION THE 250kHz IF Generat IF Switching 250k Hz JF MODULE LP3345 THE 100kHz IF General 100kHz IF FILTER UNIT LP3047A SSB FILTER ASSEMBLY LP3374 Sideband Reversal 100kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3056 100kHz IF Amplifier AM Detector RF & IF AGC Circuits CW/SSB DETECTOR & BFO UNIT LP3348 THE AUDIO SECTION General AUDIO AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3385 Main Audio Line Audio TELEPRINTER DRIVE General CIRCUITS FSK MODULE LP3058 THE METER CIRCUITS Metering Facilities METER/REGULATOR BOARD LP3373 Meter Circuit POWER SUPPLY SECTION Input & Output Voltages, Power Supply Circuits Standby Switching METER/REGULATOR BOARD LP3373 Regulator Circuits Regulator Switching DIGITAL COUNTER Introduction CIRCUIT COUNTER & DISPLAY UNIT LP3343 Counter Board LP3368 Display Board LP3369 TIMEBASE & CONTROL UNIT LP3344 Timebase & Control Board DIGITAL COUNTER CIRCUIT—Principle of Operation Generation of counter timing & control information Operation of the counter circuits and numeric display Operation of LED Indicators Mlustrations Fig, 2.1. RF Assembly showing location of printed circuit boards. Fig. 2.2 Turret Disk ‘A’. Fig. 2.3. Block Diagram of RF Section. Fig. 2.4 Block Diagram of Tunable IF Section. Fig. 2.5 Block Diagram of drift-cancelling loop. Fig. 2.6 Circuit of digital counter showing interconnections and switching. Fi ircuit and truth table for AND-OR INVERT GATE. Block Diagram of digital counter. Pulse sequence generated by Timebase & Control Unit. Interconnection between counter decades and display. LED control circuits. Fig. 2.12 Block Diagram of Complete Receiver 29 29 29 30 Facing 48 Page 11CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION N.B. It is assumed that the reader has previously read the General Description which appears on page 6. A block diagram of the complete receiver is bound facing page 48. Frequency Conversion The receiver functions as a single, double or triple-conversion superhet depending on the frequency range in use: selection of the appropriate IF configuration is an auxiliary function of the range switching which is summarised in Table 2.1. TABLE 2.1 RANGE SWITCHING Range Coverage Conversion Ist IF 2nd IF 3rd IF i 19.8— 30.0MHz |) 2 9.8-20.1MHz |) seine | Tunable re Tone 4 4.0-10.0MHz |) 1235—1335kH2 4 1.6- 4.1MHz |) 5 | 680 — 1650kHz Double 250kHz 100kHz - 6 | 280 — 690kHz Double 250kHz 100kHz - 7 125 — 285kHz | Single 100kHz - = 8 53 — 126kHz Double 250kHz 100kHz - 9 24 — S5kHz Single 100kHz - - 10 10 — 24.5kHz Single 100kHz - = Intermediate Frequencies In order to avoid confusion in the text which follows, intermediate frequencies will be referred to as “The Tunable IF, “The 250kHz IF” and “The 100kHz IF” — NOT as 1st |F, 2nd IF etc, TABLE 2.2 INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES INTERMEDIATE TRIPLE DouBLE SINGLE FREQ. CONVERSION CONVERSION CONVERSION (Ranges 1-4) (Ranges 5, 6, 8) (Ranges, 7, 9, 10) The Tunable IF 1st IF - - The 250kHz IF 2nd IF AstiF - The 100kHz IF 3rd IF 2nd IF Ist lF Page 12CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Conversion Oscillators In similar fashion, the conversion oscillators will also be referred to by ‘name’ rather than as Ist Oscillator etc., since this avoids the complications which arise due to the number of actual frequency conversions being different on some ranges trom others. TABLE 2.3 CONVERSION OSCILLATORS CONVERSION TRIPLE DOUBLE SINGLE OSCILLATOR CONVERSION CONVERSION CONVERSION (Ranges 1-4) (Ranges 5, 6, 8) (Ranges 7, 9, 10) Main Tune Ose.* Ist Ose. Ist Ose. Ast Osc. Incremental Ose. 2nd Ose. - = 360kHz Ose. 3rd Ose. 2nd Osc. - () MTO Mixer Stages Mixer stages are referred to as “’Signal Mixers” where their function is to convert the incorning signal frequency to IF (or ‘signal’ IF to the next IF), and as “Loop Mixers” where they form part of the drift-cancelling loop. There are three Signal Mixers and two Loop Mixers, both the latter being used only on Ranges 1-4 (1.6 to 30MHz). TABLE 2.4 MIXER STAGES MIXER TRIPLE DousLe SINGLE STAGE CONVERSION CONVERSION CONVERSION (Ranges 1-4) (Ranges 5, 6, 8) (Ranges 7, 9, 10) Ist Signal Mixer ‘Ast Mixer st Mixer ‘Ast Mixer 2nd Signal er 2nd Mixer - - | 3rd Signal Mixer ‘3rd Mixer 2nd Mixer a Ist Loop Mixer Operative in HIGH - - STAB mode only. 2nd Loop Mixer Operative at HIGH a > STAB and CONT | TUNE. THE RF SECTION General The description of the RF Section which follows will ignore initially the provision made for high- stability operation and will deal first with the more conventional aspects of the front-end design. A full description of the action of the drift-cancelling loop will be found later in this Section. Page 13CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Construction The whole of the RF Section is built around a 10-position printed circuit coil turret which carries the full complement of inductors and associated trimmers etc., for each of the ten tuning ranges. The com- plete assembly employs a rugged die-cast frame which provides effective screening and also incorporates part of the circuitry for the drift-cancelling loop. Four 10-position switch wafers are ganged to the turret mechanism to perform several associated switching functions, the most important being selection of the appropriate 1F configuration and activation of the drift-cancelling loop circuits for Ranges 1-4. Printed Circuit Boards RF Section transistors, 1C’s etc. are carried on five printed circuit boards which are attached directly to the turret assembly. Designations for the PCB's are given in Table 2.5 and their location can be determined from Fig, 2.1, BOARDNo.s-—, F — 0 CG B A——TURRETDISKS \c2 TR2 TRI TRS BOARD No.3 ‘TURRET DISK CONTACTS BOARD No.4 TR4 TRS Fig. 2.1 RF Assembly showing location of printed circuit boards. TABLE 2.5 RF SECTION PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS Board No. | Designation Remarks qe IMHz Crystal Calibrator Board (ct 2 - Board No. not allocated BAI RF Amplifier Board Also carries 1st Signal Mixer eH Main Tune Osc. (MTO) Board Also carries MTO Amplifier 5 Harmonic Amplifier Board Also carries 1st Loop Mixer | | 6 MTO AFC Board Part of drift-cancelling loop | Page 14CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Turret Disks Six printed circuit “Turret Disks” carry the full complement of inductors etc. for range selection. Four of the disks are used in the RF Section proper and two in the drift-cancelling loop. Identities and - designations are given in Table 2.6 and a typical disk is illustrated in Fig. 2.2. FRONT REAR Fig. 22 Turret Disk ‘A TABLE 2.6 TURRET DISKS ry 4 I Identity | Designation Remarks | oisk-a’ | Aeriat Disk | } | Disk ‘B’ | RF Disk | op | Disk ‘c’ | Signal Mixer Disk | All Disks are fabricated from double | Dik’ Main Tune Ose. {MTO) Disk sided glass-fibre board with gold: | | plated contacts. * Disk ‘E" | Loop Mixer Disk | | Disk ‘F’ | Harmonic Amplifier Disk |CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 5] cvs, |} Soe tv JcAtisraron] ca. swren Re, 1 e {ira roast} nena 1] [esscooe|*| !¢] firs] artenuaton i hark we EE oT) : pl O go {L350 Tor iF) (MUTING = r mn Posh femme RANGE SWITCH (10 POSNS t synTa. npur PEAK RF 1 ; ‘ wan tune] [source : Osc carol rouLower } Tae Ths bo SyNTH. switch, iB (CLOSED FOR NORMAL OPERATION) we CO Fig. 2.3 Block Diagram of RF Section AERIAL ATTENUATOR UNIT LP3260/1 This unit is associated with the front-end circuitry but does not form part of the RF Assembly: it is mounted immediately behind the front panel and contains the following items:— Aerial Attenuator Switch S2A/S28/S2C (3 positions : OdB — 2048 — 4048). Aerial Relay (RLA/1). Input Protection Circuit (PC1). Balun Transformer T1 (600/752). Pensa More detailed information on the above will be found in the paragraphs below. The RF Amplifier and associated circuits The RF Amplifier utilises a junction-FET (TR1 : : UC7348) in conjunction with a single-gate MOSFET (TR2 : : 3N128) in a low-noise cascode circuit which provides extremely good two-signal performance ‘throughout the entire tuning range. Manual gain control in its normal form is not applied directly to this stage but 2 3-step attenuator with a maximum loss of 40dB is included in the aerial circuit. Delayed AGC derived from the 100kHz IF is permanently connected to the gate of TR2 and will be operative at very high signal levels even when using manual control of the later stages in the intermediate frequency section of the receiver. Input protection diodes (PC1 : : 8 x 1N4148) are included in the AERIAL ATTENUATOR UNIT to guard the input circuits and first transistor from damage in the presence of a high locally induced voltage on the aerial. Page 16CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The aerial input impedance is 752 (unbalanced) for all frequencies but balun transformer T1 provides alternative connections for high impedance feed (nominally 600n) at frequencies below 1.6MH2. A relay is incorporated to open-circuit the aerial feeder and short down the input circuit when using the receiver in conjunction with an associated transmitter. The relay (RLA/1) can be operated from an external 12V or 24V send/receive changeover system through connections on the Ancillaries Con- nector at the rear: the relay also becomes energised when using the scale-check facility described on page 18. Double-tuned bandpass input circuits are used on Ranges 1-8, and single-tuned circuits on Ranges 9 & 10, The appropriate coils etc. are carried on Disks ‘A’ and B’, the bandpass primaries being on Disk ‘A’ and the secondaries on Disk ’B’. Coupling between the bandpass primaries and secondaries is by means of low-inductance fink windings on the secondary coils except on Ranges 1 & 2 where coupling is effected by the earth return inductance present on the RF Disk. The single coils used on Ranges 9 & 10 are fitted on Disk ’B’ and IF rejectors for Ranges 4 & 6 on Disk ‘A’. The Range 4 rejector is a low-pass fer comprising L140/L141, while the Range 6 rejector is a simple parallel-tuned circuit tuned to 250kHz (L144), The 1st Signal Mixer Simple tuned-secondary transformer coupling is used between the RF Amplifier and the 1st Signal Mixer on all ranges except 7, 9 & 10. On these ranges, a form of resistance-capacity coupling is employed between the drain of TR2 and the tuned input circuit of the following stage. All inductors etc. are located on Disk ‘C’. A protected dual-gate n-channel MOSFET (TRS : : 40673) serves as the 1st Signal Mixer with signal input to gate 1 and oscillator injection to gate 2. The drain of the Mixer is taken via coaxial inter- connection “E” to the selector of S3C (part of RANGE SWITCH) and thence to the appropriate IF channel. Output will be at 100kHz on Ranges 7, 9 & 10; 250kHz on Ranges 5, 6 & 8; and in the band 1235—1335kHz on Ranges 1-4, Signal-frequency tuning The signal-frequency circuits on Disks ‘A’, ‘B’ & ‘C’ are gang-tuned by three sections of the six-gang ‘tuning capacitor operated by the MAIN TUNING CONTROL. The appropriate sections are C30, C31 & C37, C30 being inoperative when not using bandpass input (i.e. Ranges 9 & 10). A separate three-gang capacitor of much lower capacity (C20, C21, 22) is wired in parallel with the three signal frequency sections of the main tuning gang to provide an independent means of tuning the signal frequency circuits when using the incremental tuning facility which is available on Ranges 14. This capacitor is adjusted by means of the PEAK-RF CONTROL and remains in circuit on Ranges 5-10 where it takes the place of the conventional ‘aerial-trimmer’ found on other receivers. Main-Tune Oscillator (MTO) This stage utilises a single-gate MOSFET (TR4 : : 3N128) in a tuned-gate oscillator circuit, with seperate feedback winding in series with the feed to the drain electrode. Tuning is by means of a further section (C46) of the main tuning gang which has wider vane spacing and heavier vanes than those on the signal frequency sections. The ten oscillator inductors etc. are carried on Turret Disk ‘D'. Diode D12 provides bias for the gate of the MOSFET. Oscillator output is taken from the gate of TR4 to junction-FET TRS (UC734B) which is wired as a source follower and serves as an isolating stage. Injection is taken from TRS to the second gate of the 1st Signal Mixer via C54 and C43, The junction of these two capacitors is wired to a socket on the back plate to provide an input point for oscillator drive when using synthesizer control. The miniature ‘toggle switch S4 allows the +12V supply to be removed from TR4 & TRS when using the receiver in this manner. Poge 17CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The VVC diode D11 (BA110) forms part of the oscillator tuned circuit but is used only when operating the receiver in its high-stability mode on Ranges 1-4. Under all other conditions the diode is maintained at constant effective capacity by a fixed reverse-bias (derived from TR8). ‘The MTO runs on the ‘high’ side of the signal frequency on all ranges and also feeds the MTO Amplifier IC2 associated with the drift-cancelling loop (see later). MHz CRYSTAL CALIBRATOR BOARD LP3059 IC1 (CA3000/V1) provides crystal-controlled marker signals at 1MHz intervals for scale checking on the higher frequencies in the tuning range: its harmonic output is introduced into the RF circuitry by means of a short injection probe. The scale check facility is brought into operation by pressing the CAL SWITCH (S1) to complete the +12V supply to IC1. S1 also energises the aerial relay (RLA/1) which grounds the input to the RF Amplifier to limit interference from other normally received signals when carrying out a calibration check. Scale correction is achieved mechanically by use of the CAL ADJ CONTROL which adjusts the position of the main scale cursor index line. THE TUNABLE IF Introduction This portion of the receiver is used only on Ranges 1-4 (1.6-30MHz) where it provides an incremental tuning facility with a nominal coverage of 100kHz for interpoiation between adjacent 100kHz points on the main tuning scale. The Tunable IF stages are an integral part of the drift-cancelling circuitry used for high-stability working but remain in operation when the receiver is set for continuous tuning on Ranges 1-4 (i.e. with drift- cancelling circuit disabled). Their action will first be considered in this mode and a full description of the drift-cancelling loop will be deferred until page 23. The various stages in the Tunable IF proper are shown in simplified form in Fig. 2.4. Frequency conversion in the Tunable 1F IF output from the Ist Signal Mixer (TR3) is selected by a varactor-tuned IF filter which is tunable over the range 1235kHz to 1335kHz by means of the INCREMENTAL TUNING CONTROL. Output from the IF filter feeds the 2nd Signal Mixer (TR15) which converts the selected frequency to the 250kHz IF. Oscillator injection for the conversion process in TR15 is derived from the 2nd Loop Mixer (C12) which mixes the tunable output from the /MCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT (850-650kHz) with a 935kHz signal from Crystal Oscillator IC5. The actual injection frequency can be calculated from: fini = finc osc + 935kHz and will therefore lie in the range 1485kHz to 1585kHz, The appropriate frequency is selected by varactor-tuned injection filter which is ganged to the IF filter mentioned above. Both filters are ganged to the Incremental Oscillator tuning. Page 18CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION IF FILTER 1235 - 1335 kHz 7 mY 250 kHz Ss > bo sina, [> SIGNAL wooue MIXER MIXER —=— fins= FING. osc, +935kHz DC CONTROL LINE = INJECTION TO. VARACTOR fiuren TONING DIODES. 1495 "1385 bie Rvs INCREMENTAL 1 CT: TCs TUNING ; Ded gists | ay i Looe dasit | B ' MIXER, Osc p< rat] INCREMENT. osc 550 ~ 650kHz ‘O/P_ FROM [INCREMENTAL ' UNIT JINCOSC.UNIT| DISPLAY 1 / 550 kHz | 00-000 99-999 incremental] 90-901 FREQUENCY DIGITAL 650 tz | 00-000 DeLay COUNTER Fig. 2.4 Block diagram of Tunable IF Section Incremental Tuning Use of the Tunable IF as a means of interpolating between adjacent 100kHz points on the main tuning scale will now be described, ‘The MTO in the RF Section of the receiver is aligned during manutacture to track 1335kKHz above the incoming signal frequency when switched to Ranges 1-4. It follows then, that the Tunable IF must be set to the highest frequency in its range for the main scale calibration to be correct. This frequency (1335kHz2) is referred to as the ‘nominal’ setting of the Tunable IF. Because the Ist Signal Mixer operates with its oscillator injection on the ‘high’ side of the signal frequency, it produces at its output a complete reversal of the signal spectrum present at its input. ‘Thus, any signal frequency which is higher than the frequency to which the main scale is set will produce an intermediate frequency which is lower than the ‘nominal’ setting of the Tunable IF. It is essential therefore, that the main scale is always set to the 100kHz point at the low-frequency end of the actual 100kHz range which is to be tuned by means of the INCREMENTAL TUNING CONTROL. This is best understood by considering the example on the next page. Page 19CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE 1. Assume that the receiver is to be tuned over the range 3500kHz to 3600kHz by use of the INCREMENTAL TUNING CONTROL. 2, Set MAIN TUNING CONTROL to lowest frequency in this range = 3500kH2. 3. Main-Tune Oscillator tracks 1335kHz above main scale reading, so fuTo = fgig + ~—«'1335kHz = © 3500KHz + «= 1335kHz = AB35KHz. 4. The signal frequency selected by the Tunable IF will be fsig = fo. — fp where fig is some value between 1235kH2 and 1335kHz. 5. Substituting the end frequencies of the Tunable IF range, fgg = 4835KHz = 1335kKHz =~ 3500kHz. fgg =~ 4835kHz = «1235kHz =~ 3600KHz. 6. At the 2nd Signal Mixer, the selected Tunable IF mixes with a frequency in the range 1485kHz to 1585kHz to produce the fixed 250kHz IF, viz:— 1585kHz = = 1335kKHz 250kHz. 1485KHz = — —1235kHz 250kH2. NB.1 Misalignment of the signal frequency circuits which occurs when the Tunable IF is set to any frequency below 1335kHz is corrected by adjusting the PEAK-RF CONTROL. NB.2 Oscillator injection to the 2nd Signal Mixer is on the ‘high’ side of the Tunable IF and therefore results in a second reversal of the signal spectrum present at the aerial input. Thus, an upper sideband signal at the aerial input, although converted to a lower sideband signal at the Tunable IF, reverts to being an upper sideband signal at the input to the 3rd Signal Mixer. Incremental Calibration Frequency read-out for the Tunable IF is provided by a five-figure digital display derived from a counter driven by the JMCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT. ‘The counter counts backwards to overcome the spectrum reversal due to the Ist Signal Mixer and is arranged to read 00,000kHz when the Tunable IF is set to its ‘nominal’ value of 1335kHz, i.e. when the output from the INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT lies at 650k Hz. The actual frequency to which the receiver is tuned is determined by reading the incremental frequency display in conjunction with the main scale reading, e.g. if the main scale reads 3.5MHz (3500kHz) and the incremental read-out is 47.000kHz, then the tune frequency is 3547.000kHz. The actual tuning range of the VCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT is slightly greater than 100kHz to provide overlaps of the order 4kHz at each end of the Tunable IF coverage. Ambiguity of the frequency read-out in the overlap sectors is overcome by means of a pair of LED’s which provide visual indication that the Tunable IF is set below or above its basic range. The LED's flash when activated by the counter circuits. Tunable IF Circuitry The various stages which make up the Tunable IF proper are located in TUNABLE /F MODULE LP3057A/1 and INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3347 which are described below. The 935kHz Crystal Oscillator is part of the 935kHz LOOP MODULE LP3055A/1 a full description of which appears on page 27. The counter circuits etc, are covered in detail on pages 36 to 48, Page 20CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION TUNABLE IF MODULE LP3057A/1 This module houses the 2nd Signal Mixer and the 2nd Loop Mixer. Both stages are continuously operational on Ranges 1-4 but are disabled on Ranges 6-10. The 2nd Signal Mixer (TR15) This stage utilises 2 40673 protected dual-gate MOSFET in a similar configuration to that employed in the 1st Signal Mixer circuit, i.e. signal (IF) input is fed to gate 1 and oscillator injection to gate 2. IF input to gate 1 from the 1st Signal Mixer is selected by @ 3-section varactor-tuned filter covering the range 1235kHz to 1335kHz. This has a bandwidth of the order 18kHz and is controlled by potentiometer RV3 which provides reverse bias for the six varactors D19/D 19A, D20/D20A & D21/D21A. The potentiometer is gear-driven from the output spindle of the incremental tuning drive. RV3 also controls six more varactors (D22/D22A, 023/D23A & D24/D24A) which tune a second 3-section filter connected between the output of the 2nd Loop Mixer and the ‘oscillator’ gate of the 2nd ignal Mixer. This filter covers the range 1485kHz to 1585kHz and selects the pre-mixed oscillator injection derived from IC 12. Alignment and tracking of the two filter circuits is carried out during manufacture by adjustment of the filter inductors (L10-L12 & L13-L18) and the two pre-set potentiometers RV4 & RV18, IF output at the drain of TR15 is fed directly to the 250kHz IF filter in 260kHz /F MODULE LP3345. CH17 provides a DC path for the drain of TR15 which derives its supply from the 250kHz /F MODULE. It should be noted that this supply is present on all ranges except 7, 9 & 10 when itis interrupted by RANGE SWITCH wafer S3D, and also that the other supplies to the TUWABLE /F MODULE are present on all ranges. The fact that these supplies are present is of no consequence because the Tunable IF is disabled on Ranges 5-10 by RANGE SWITCH wafer S3C which interrupts the IF input feed (coaxial inter-connection ‘J'). The 2nd Loop Mixer (IC12) This is the final stage in the drift-cancelling loop but remains in operation when the loop is disabled to allow continuous tuning on Ranges 1-4. It employs a double-balanced mixer (SL641C) and produces the oscillator injection for TR15 by mixing the output from the /NCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT with a 935kHz signal derived from Crystal Oscillator IC5 (or trom the drift-cancelling loop when running the receiver in its high-stability mode). Spurious outputs are kept to a low level by the 3-section varactor-tuned injection filter (L13-L15) which has a similar bandwidth to that of the IF filter L10-L12. Input levels are carefully adjusted during manufacture to keep intermodulation products to a minimum. INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3347 This unit provides two separate 550-650kHz outputs, one to drive the 2nd Loop Mixer and the other for the counter which provides the incremental frequency display. Both outputs are derived from a 5.5-6.5MHz oscillator which feeds a decade divider to produce the drive frequency required. The 550-650kHz output can be arranged to provide common oscillator control for two receivers installed as a dualdiversity terminal. Page 21CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ‘The Incremental Oscillator Unit LP3347 comprises:— (1) Incremental Oscillator Board LP3362 (in oven-controlled housing). (2) Incremental Oscillator Divider Board LP3363. (3) Oven control circuits. Incremental Oscillator Board LP3362 and Oven Control Circuit The Incremental Oscillator board carries the basic Incremental Oscillator circuit which employs @ singlegate MOSFET (TR53 : : BFR29). A tuned-gate oscillator configuration is used with positive feedback from the source electrode: series resistor R401 is included to stabilise the MOSFET parameters. The oscillator covers a fundamental tuning range of §.5-6.5MHz and is temperature-compensated by 502 and C503 which are individually selected during manufacture. The supply voltage is regulated by DSB and output from the oscillator is taken from a tap at the earthy end of the inductance L16, The complete oscillator board, together with a temperature sensing circuit (TR54 : : BC1078), is mounted inside an oven enclosure which is heated by the three series-connected resistors R403, R404 & R405 (wire-wound type with integral heat sink, bolted directly to the inside surface of the oven enclosure which is fabricated from heavy gauge copper sheet). The oven employs proportional temperature control, output from the sensor being fed to a 3-stage DC ‘Amplifier external to the oven enclosure. The first two stages (TRSS : : BC107B and TRS6 : : 2N3053) are located for convenience on the Inc. Osc. Divider Board while the final stage (TR37 : : 2N3055) which serves as the oven controller is mounted on a large heat sink attached to the outside of the INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT proper. The temperature at which the oven operates is set during manufacture by adjustment of RV25 and will be in the range 65°C to 70°C. The sensor operates from a regulated supply (D59/D60) but the DC ‘Amplifier supply is unregulated (22V line) Inc. Osc. Divider Board LP3363 Output from the Incremental Oscillator Board is fed via C509 to the Inc. Osc. Divider Board where the fundamental 5.5-6.5MHz drive is processed to give two separate 550-650kHz outputs. The level of oscillator drive taken vie C509 is extremely low so that loading on the oscillator is at a minimum, Further isolation is afforded by the two transistors TR58 and TR5Q (2 x 2N4254) which provide some 30dB of gain and drive the pulse-shaping TTL Schmitt Trigger IC16 (SN5413). This in turn drives the TTL Decade Divider 117 (SN5490) to give the 550-650kHz drive required. The Decade Divider output is fed via low-pass filter L17, L17A, L18 to TR6O (BC1078) which serves as a splitter to provide the separate drive outlets required for the 2nd Loop Mixer and the counter. The low-pass filter restores a sinusoidal waveform and reduces the harmonic content fed to the splitter stage: L18A is a 2nd harmonic rejector. Drive for the counter is taken from the collector of TR60 via coaxial socket ‘Y’, and drive for the 2nd Loop Mixer from the emitter. The latter output is fed to a pair of parallel-connected coaxial sockets (/N’ & ‘0') through a link located on the top of the INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT. The link can be removed to interrupt the Inc. Osc. output when using the receiver as ‘Slave’ in a dual-diversity installation operating with common oscillator control (i.e. Inc. Osc. in ‘Master’ receiver is used to drive 2nd Loop Mixer in ‘Slave'). Coaxial socket ‘O’ is used for interconnecting the two receivers. Page 22CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION HIGH STABILITY WORKING Introduction When using the receiver in its high-stability mode the 935kHz Crystal Oscillator IC5 is disabled and the 935kHz drive is derived instead from the drift-cancelling loop. Changeover from one mode of operation to the other is by means of the HIGH STAB/CONTINUOUS TUNE SWITCH (S5A — S5B — ‘S5C) which connects the 12V supply to the appropriate stage(s). ‘A block diagram of the drift-cancelling loop appears in Fig. 2.5 which shows in heavier outline those stages which have already been described. ‘The description of the drift-cancelling loop which follows is written on the assumption that the reader has previously read the paragraphs dealing with the Tunable |F which precede this section. THE DRIFT-CANCELLING LOOP — Principle of Operation When using the receiver in its high-stability mode in the range 1.6-30MHz, the 935kHz drive for the 2nd Loop Mixer is present only at discrete 0.1MHz settings of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL; i.e. at 4,6MHz, 1.7MHz, 1.8MHz . . . etc. This is due to the fact that the drive is generated by mixing the MTO frequency with a second frequency which lies within a spectrum of frequencies, all of which are multiples of 100kHz. These frequencies are derived from the MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT and the mixing process occurs in the 1st Loop Mixer. The particular harmonic for any given 0.1MHz setting of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL js selected by a pair of harmonic selector circuits ganged to the main tuning and aligned to track 400kHz higher than the indicated signal frequency. Harmonic drive to the 1st Loop Mixer therefore lies within the range 2.0-30.4MHz. ‘The example which follows shows first how the 935kHz loop signal is produced and assumes that the main tuning scale is set to 3500kHz. EXAMPLE 1. The selected harmonic will lie 400kHz above the signal frequency, thus fuanmonic = ‘sig + 400KHz = 3500kHz + © 400kHz == 3900kHz 2. The corresponding MTO frequency will be 1335kHz above the signal frequency, i.e. f, =o + 1335kHz = 3500kHz + = 1335kHz = 4835kHz MTO ‘sig 3. Frequencies in (1) and (2) will combine in the 1st Loop Mixer to produce the required loop frequency, viz: fi froop To 6~ fHaRMONIC «~~ 4835KHz — ~ 3900kHz = 935kHz Page 23CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION tat SIGNAL MIXER fs1¢ + ~ SIGNAL FREQUENCY ‘SIG circuits, F iLter [235-1335 ery 250kHs IF to scien : fro. ef =. fLoor LooP oor 1200 asen T HARMONIC a t 935 kHE CRYSTAL, Disk H petector JOsciLLator SCILLATOR | S50-bSONZ ‘ “HIGH ~ STAB’ vamwowc] ARNON | TNOICATOR COUNTER hurries | SESS | AND ore DISPLAY / ‘ Fie onan Zé ! HIGHEST) w a ; o—— st — ISK : ° ox EP AR, i cont, Ogi stap.) ‘ ' TUNE CONT. TUNE i Swen $ ! = : MASTER \)\ JosciuuaTon nit MAIN TUNING INCREMENTAL TUNING Fig. 2.5 Block diagram of drift-cancelling loop Page 24CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ‘The 935kHz drive applied to the 2nd Loop Mixer will combine with the drive from the /NCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT to furnish injection for the 2nd Signal Mixer in exactly the same manner described when dealing with the Tunable IF. Continuing the example above therefore, and assuming that the INCREMENTAL TUNING CONTROL is set to its ‘nominal’ setting, we shall next consider the action in the Tunable IF: 0 4 fie = tuto = fsig =~ 4835KHz = 3500kHz 1335kHz, 5 fins = fincosc + 935kHz = 650kHz + 935kHz 1585kHz. 6. Frequencies in (4) and (5) combine in the 2nd Signal Mixer to produce the 250kHz IF, viz:— find — fig = 1885KH2 — 1336kKHz = 250kHz. The action in the drift-cancelling loop will now be considered on the assumption that the MTO has drifted 2kHz higher than its original frequency. 7. Thenew MTO frequency fro’ = 4835kKHz + = 2kHz =~ 4B37kHz. 8. The original assumed signal frequency of 3500kHz will therefore be converted to a new Tunable IF fp = 4837kHz2 | 500KHz = 1337kHz . 9. The assumed change in MTO frequency is also transmitted to the 1st Loop Mixer where it produces. anew loop frequency figop = 4837kKHz = — 3900kHz = 937KH2, 10. The new loop frequency is passed to the 2nd Loop Mixer where it combines with the original output from the /NCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT to give @ new ‘oscillator’ injection frequency fyyyy at the 2nd Signal Mixer. fins fincosc + fioop = 650kKHz + 937kHz 1587kH2 11. 250kHz IF output from the 2nd Signal Mixer will now result from fy» and fyyyy- mixing together, ice. ! fins figs = 1587kHz — 1337kHz = 250kHz 12. It should be clear that since the new Tunable IF corresponds to the original assumed 3500kHz signal, drift occurring in the MTO has been cancelled by an equal shift in the injection frequency to the 2nd Signal Mixer. Automatic correction will occur at all settings of the Tunable IF. Bandwidth of drift-cancelling loop The maximum drift that can be accommodated by the Joop system is dependent entirely on the band- width of the 936kHz circuits and amounts to roughly + SkHz. Drift in excess of this would result in severe reduction of the injection level to the 2nd Signal Mixer, so causing loss of conversion efficiency. This is overcome by including a simple AFC system to hold the MTO frequency after this has been set by initial adjustment of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL. Control for the AFC system is derived from a 935kHz Discriminator, the output of which is amplified and then fed to the VVC diode D11 in the MTO circuit. Page 25CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION High Stab/Continuous Tune Switching Activation of the drift-cancelling loop, its associated AFC system and the 935kHz Crystal Oscillator ICS is controlled by means of the HIGH STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH (S5A — S5B — SBC), This isa -position control which performs the functions listed in Table 2.7. TABLE 27 HIGH STAB/CONTINUOUS TUNE SWITCHING Position Function “CONT TUNE’ Drift-cancelling loop and AFC disabled. 935kHz Crystal Oscillator activated. “HIGH STAB SET’ 935kHz Crystal Oscillator and AFC disabled. Drift-cancelling loop activated. “HIGH STAB OPERATE’ 935kHz Crystal Oscillator disabled. Drift-cancelling loop and AFC activated. High Stab Indicator An illuminated legend is provided on the receiver front panel to facilitate adjustment of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL during high-stability working. This indicator will become illuminated whenever a 935kHz signal is present in the drift-cancelling loop, i.e. at each 0.1MHz setting of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL. The indicator is permanently extinguished with the HIGH STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH set to ‘CONT TUNE’, Drift-cancelling loop circuitry The various stages which make up the drift-cancelling loop and its associated circuits will now be described in detail. Some of the circuitry forms part of the RF Assembly and the remaining stages are located in the following units:— MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3346 935kHz LOOP MODULE LP305SA/1 MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT LP3346 This unit provides three independent outputs as follows:— (1) IMHz square-wave output. (2) 100kHz sine-wave output. (3) Differentiated spike output containing all multiples of 100kHz up to at least 30.4MHz. All three outputs are derived from a self-contained oven-controlled crystal oscillator which generates 2 ‘MHz square-wave. The oven employs proportional temperature control and operates from the regulated 12V supply: fine frequency adjustment is by means of potentiometer RV22 which allows the master frequency to be set exactly during alignment of the receiver. RV22 is easily accessible in case further adjustment is required in service. The 1MHz square-wave is fed directly to the Decade Divider 1C6 (SN6490) and also via coaxial interconnection ‘2’ to the time base associated with the counter for the incremental frequency display. The Decade Divider provides a 100kHz square-wave drive for TR13 and TR14 both of which are wired as emitter followers. Page 26CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION TR13 (BC1078) is driven via the tuned circuit L35/C118 which converts the 100kHz square-wave to sine-wave for use as a carrier insertion signal in the CW/SSB Detector (see page 29). This output is taken via coaxial interconnection ‘I’ and is present only when the MODE SWITCH is set to ‘SSB HIGH STAB’ (12V supply completed to Terminal No. 74 on M.O. Unit). TR14 (2N4254) is driven directly from the Decade Divider and can be considered as an harmonic generator which feeds all harmonics of 100kHz to the harmonic selector circuits in the RF Assembly (via coaxial interconnection ‘G’). Output level is set during manufacture by adjustment of the pre-set potentiometer RV16. ‘The MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT is housed in a double-screened box to prevent direct radiation of its fundamental or harmonics within the receiver. Double-screened coaxial cable is used to extend this protection on the output lead feeding the harmonic selector circuits in the RF Assembly: Single- soreened coaxial cable is used for the other two outputs. All stages in the MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT are powered continuously with the exception of TR13. RF ASSEMBLY The following stages in the drift-cancelling loop form part of the RF Assembly:— (1) Harmonic Amplifier TR6. (2) 1st Loop Mixer TR7. (3) MTO Amplifier 1C2. Harmonic Amplifier TRG This stage employs a UC734B junction-FET and serves to amplify the harmonic output from TR14 in the MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT. Its input is tuned over the range 2,0MHz to 30.4MHz by a further section of the main tuning gang (C60), the appropriate inductors etc. being carried on Turret Disk ‘F’. These circuits are tracked to tune 400kHz higher than the indicated main scale frequency and serve to riminate against unwanted harmonic signals, Output from TR6 is fed to the Ist Loop Mixer. Ist Loop Mixer TR7 & MTO Amplifier IC2 Harmonic drive from TRG passes to the Ist Loop Mixer TR7 through a further harmonic selector circuit which is tuned by C65. This circuit reinforces the rejection of unwanted harmonics afforded by the harmonic selector in the input of TR6: inductors etc. are located on Turret Disk ‘E’. The Ist Loop Mixer employs a 40673 protected dual-gate MOSFET with harmonic drive applied to gate 1. Gate 2 is driven from the MTO Amplifier 1C2 (SA21) which serves as a wideband amplifier and gives good isolation for the MTO. ‘The difference between the two applied frequencies appears at the drain of TR7 in which the output load L1 is tuned to 935kHz. Output is available only at discrete 0. 1MHz settings of the MAIN TUNING CONTROL and is taken from a tap on L1 via coaxial interconnection ‘H’ to the Loop Amplifier IC3 (see below). 935kHz LOOP MODULE LP3055A/1 This module contains the following stages:— (1) 935kHz Loop Amplifier (IC3) (4) High-Stab Indicator Circuit (2) 935kHz Loop Limiter (1C4). Ce een (3) 935kHz Discriminator and AFC (5) 935kHz Crystal Oscillator (1C5). Controller (013/014 & TRB). Page 27CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ‘935kHz Loop Amplifier (C3) The 935kHz tuned circuit L1 in the output of the 1st Loop Mixer (TR7) is actually the first element of a 3-section bandpass filter which includes two sections (L2 & L3) located in the 935kHz LOOP MODULE. This filter feeds the 935kHz Loop Amplifier 1C3 (CA3002), the output from which is connected via a second 3-section filter to restrict the overall 935kHz bandwidth to some 10—15kHz. ‘The amplified 935kHz signal which appears at the final circuit in the second filter is taken via coaxial interconnection ‘M’ to the 2nd Loop Mixer C12 where it combines with the output from the INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT to provide injection for the 2nd Signal Mixer TR15. DISA (1844) serves as a clipper to limit the maximum signal voltage developed across L6. IC3 runs continuously with the HIGH STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH in either ‘HIGH STAB. position but is disabled at ‘CONT TUNE’. ‘935kHz Loop Limiter 1C4, Discriminator 013/14 & AFC Controller TR& ‘These stages provide the controlling voltage for the MTO AFC varactor D11 when the receiver is working with the HIGH-STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH set to ‘HIGH-STAB OPERATE’, In the other tuning modes (and on Ranges 5-10), the AFC system is disabled and the reverse bias applied to D11 is held constant at +7.5V by TRE. Drive for the AFC stages is taken from a tap on the final 935kHz tuned circuit (L6) which feeds the input terminal of the integrated circuit Loop Limiter IC4 (CA3012): IC4 is coupled in turn to the Loop Discriminator D 13/14 (2 x 14's) by L7/LB. The discriminator load (RB1/R82) is connected to the gate of the UC734B junction-FET used in the ‘TR8 position. This stage serves as the AFC Controller and presents very light loading on the discriminator ‘output: its drain is connected through suitable filtering to the MTO AFC varactor D1. The circuit action is conventional in that with the receiver tuned correctly, drive into the discriminator will be at exactly 935kHz and its output will therefore be zero. TRE drain will stand at +8V as set during manufacture by adjustment of the pre-set potentiometer RV2. Under off-tune conditions the discriminator will provide a +ve or —ve voltage at the gate of TR8 causing the effective capacity of D11 to change due to the change in voltage at the drain of TRB. This will correct the MTO frequency and so prevent the MTO drifting outside the bandwidth of the drift-cancelling loop. 1C4 is fed from the same supply rail as IC3 and though required to function only at ‘HIGH-STAB. OPERATE’, also functions when the HIGH-STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH is moved to ‘HIGH-STAB SET’. This is of no consequence because the gate of TR8 is grounded except at ‘OPERATE’ and this effectively disables the entire AFC circuit. High-Stab Indicator Circuit (TR9, 015 & TR10/11) The amplified 935kHz signal from IC3, in addition to feeding the 2nd Loop circuit described above, also feeds the High-Stab Indicator circuit via the Emi (2N4254), ‘er and the AFC er Follower TRO 935kHz output from TRY is detected by D15 (1S44) which controls the Schmitt Trigger TR10/11 (UC734B/40309) to operate relay RLB/1. Closure of the RLB/1 contact completes the 12V supply to LP1 which illuminates the HIGH-STAB legend to indicate to the operator that the 935kHz signal is present in the loop (i.e. the appropriate 100kHz harmonic has been selected and passed to the Ist Loop Mixer). The trigger circuit TR10/11 ensures snappy action of the relay when the level of 935kHz drive is sufficient for satisfactory mixing in IC12 (2nd Loop Mixer). Page 28CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 935kHz Crystal Oscillator (IC5) This stage provides 935kHz drive for the 2nd Loop Mixer when the HIGH-STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH is set to ‘CONT TUNE’ (i.e. when drift-cancelling loop is disabled). It utilises 2 CA3000 integrated circuit with close-tolerance crystal (XL2) running in series-mode. Output is taken via C103. and C91 to coaxial interconnection ‘M’ which feeds the TUNABLE IF MODULE. THE 250kHz IF General This portion of the receiver is operative when using double-conversion and triple-conversion but is not used on Ranges 7, 9 & 10 which employ single-conversion direct to the 100kHz IF. The relevant circuitry includes the 250kHz IF Amplifier TR22, the 3rd Signal Mixer TR20 and the associated Crystal Oscillator TR21. Alll three stages are housed in the 250kHz JF MODULE. 1F Switching Input to the 250kHz JF MODULE is derived from the drain of the 2nd Signal Mixer on Ranges 1-4, and from the drain of the 1st Signal Mixer on Ranges 5, 6 & 8. The changeover is effected by RANGE ‘SWITCH wafer S3C which connects the output of the 1st Signal Mixer either to the input of the Tunable IF (Ranges 1-4), or to the input of the 250kHz IF (Ranges 5, 6 & 8) The output connection from the 2nd Signal Mixer (Tunable IF) is wired permanently to the input of the 250k Hz IF and is therefore effectively in parallel with the feed from the 1st Signal Mixer when using Ranges 5, 6 & 8. This method of connection is adopted to allow some simplifications of the switching, and is possible because although the supplies remain on the 2nd Signal Mixer on Ranges 5, 6 & 8, there will be no output from it on these ranges because its input is interrupted by S3C. The 12V supply for the 250kHz IF Stages is fed via RANGE SWITCH water S3D and is absent on Ranges 7, 9 & 10 (single conversion ranges). S3D also controls the 935kHz loop supply, and since this is required only on Ranges 1-4, diode D31 (1N4004) is included to isolate the two switching lines. 250kHz IF MODULE LP3345 1F output from the appropriate Signal Mixer is fed to the 250kHz IF Amplifier (TR22 : : BC107B) via an eleven-element ceramic ladder filter which provides a bandwidth of the order 12kHz to limit cross modulation and intermodulation effects in this part of the circuit. TR22 compensates for the insertion loss of the filter and employs tuned-choke coupling to feed the 3rd Signal Mixer TR20. This stage uses @ 40673 dual-gate MOSFET in a similar circuit configuration to that used in the 1st and 2nd Signal Mixer stages. IF input is to gate 1 and oscillator drive to gate 2. 100kHz IF output developed in the drain circuit is fed via coaxial interconnection ‘Q’ to the 100kHz JF FILTER UNIT (coaxial interconnection ‘L’ is wired in parallel with this lead and runs from RANGE SWITCH wafer S3C to permit connection of the Ist Signal Mixer directly to the 100kHz IF FILTER UNIT when using single-conversion). Oscillator injection for the 3rd Signal Mixer is derived from TR21 (40673) which functions as a 350kH2 crystal oscillator. The crystal (XL4) is housed in a miniature oven located inside the 250kHz IF MODULE. Proportional temperature control is employed and the oven is continuously powered via Module Termination No. 43 (12V supply). Page 29CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION THE 100kHz IF General The circuitry associated with this part of the receiver is divided between the following units:— (1) 100kHz IF FILTER UNIT LP3047A (2) SSB FILTER ASSEMBLY LP3374 (3) 100kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3056 (4) CW/SSB DETECTOR & BFO UNIT LP3348 The 100kHz IF signal is fed initially to the 100kHz IF FILTER UNIT and is derived from the 1st Signal Mixer on Ranges 7, 9 & 10, and from the 3rd Signal Mixer on all other ranges, 100kHz IF FILTER UNIT LP3047A This unit houses a five-section L/C filter with its associated switching (S8A-G) and provides IF bandwidths of 400Hz, 1.3kHz, 3kHz and 8kHz. Selection of the appropriate bandwidth is achieved by switching in different values of top-coupling capacitor, and, in the two widest positions, by introducing damping resistors in parallel with the Inductors: the centre-frequency is corrected in the two narrow positions by switching additional capacitors across each circ The SELECTIVITY SWITCH has five positions, only four of which are involved in switching of the UC filter. The fifth position (actually switch position No. 3, and labelled ‘SSB’), is arranged to route the IF Filter input and output leads (coaxial interconnections ‘Q’ & ‘T’) to the SSB FILTER ASSEMBLY via coaxial interconnections ‘R’ and ’S'. CH36 provides a DC path for the supply feeding the appropriate mixer when 8 is set to ‘SSB’. The supply is fed via L24 at each of the other switch positions. SSB FILTER ASSEMBLY LP3374 This assembly carries separate USB and LSB filters and is brought into circuit when the SELECTIVITY. SWITCH is set to ‘SSB’. Selection of the appropriate SSB filter is by means of relays RLD/1 and RLE/1 which are controlled from the USB/LSB SWITCH S7. Both relays are energised at ‘LSB’ and de- energised at ‘USB’. It is important to note that the USB filter is in circuit with S7 at ‘LSB’ and vice-versa (see below). Sideband Reversal The 3rd Signal Mixer operates with oscillator injection on the ‘high’ side of the 250kHz IF and therefore reverses the sideband of an SSB signal present at its input. This means that on Ranges 1-4, where two reversals have already occurred in the 1st and 2nd Signal Mixers, output from the 3rd Signal Mixer to the 100kHz IF will be a reversal of the signal present on the aerial input. This situation also obtains on Ranges 7, 9 & 10 where only one stage of conversion is involved. Allowance is made for this by arranging S7 to introduce the opposite filter when selecting the sideband required. Ranges 5, 6 & 8 employ double-conversion (i.e. two sideband reversals occur), and the signal presented to the 100kHz IF is therefore identical to that at the aerial input. This is opposite to the other ranges and operators must therefore remember to use the ‘USB’ position for lower sideband reception and vice-versa when switched to Ranges 5, 6 & 8. Page 30CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 100kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3056 This module contains the 100kHz IF Amplifier, the AM Detector and two separate AGC circuits. 100kHz IF Amplifier This employs four cascaded junction-FET amplifiers (TR23-TR26 : : 4 x UC734B) with broadly resonant choke coupling between each stage. The final FET feeds an emitter follower (TR27 : : 2N4254) which provides a low-impedance 100kHz output to drive the CW/SSB Detector and the FSK MODULE: this output is also brought out at the rear of the receiver to provide drive for external ancillary equipment. Gain control is applied to the first three 100kHz amplifiers, either from the IF AGC line or from the manual IF GAIN CONTROL RVS. Both control lines provide a negative controlling voltage and are switched by means of the AGC SWITCH S9. ‘AM Detector This stage uses an OA47 diode (032) and is fed from the emitter follower TR27 via the tapped step-up transformer L29. Detected output is developed across R220 and passes to the ‘AM’ position of MODE SWITCH section S10A. RF & IF AGC Circuits Separate AGC lines are provided for controlling the RF Amplifier and the first three 100kHz IF Stages. The RF AGC is permanently connected and is derived from D33 (1S44). Divider R230/231 provides the initial gate bies for TR2 and also provides a delay for the AGC diode. A similar drive arrangement to that used with the AM Detector is employed to feed 033, utilising Emitter Follower TR29 (2N4254) and matching coil L30: TR28 (UC734B) provides the requisite amount of 100kHz amplification and is choke-coupled to the associated emitter follower. An almost identical circuit is used in the IF AGC system, but whereas the RF AGC stages are fed directly from the output of the 100kHz IF filters, the IF system is driven from the final 100kHz IF Amplifier TR26. The IF AGC stages comprise TR3O (UC734B) as IF AGC Amplifier, TR31 (2N4254) as Emitter Follower and 034 (1S44) as IF AGC Rectifier. Delay is provided by R239/240. IF AGC is brought out on the Ancillary Connector PL/C for use in dual-diversity working. The time constant is lengthened at ‘SSB HIGH STAB’ by switching C309 in place of C308 (S108). CW/SSB DETECTOR & 8FO UNIT LP3348 This unit is brought into circuit for the reception of CW and SSB signals. It incorporates a product detector together with an associated BFO which is activated when the MODE SWITCH is set to ‘CW/ SSB’. The BFO is tunable and is primarily intended for CW reception: it is disabled with the MODE SWITCH set to ‘SSB HIGH-STAB’, in which position carrier insertion for SSB reception is derived from TR13 in the MASTER OSCILLATOR UNIT (via coaxial interconnection ‘I'). ‘The product detector employs a dual-gate MOSFET (TR33 : : 40673) with signal (100kHz IF) input applied to gate 1 via coaxial interconnection ‘V’. Oscillator injection is to gate 2 and detected audio ‘output is taken from the drain via a low-pass filter which feeds the ‘CW/SSB’ and ‘SSB HIGH-STAB’ positions of MODE SWITCH section S10A. Audio from S10A passes directly to the AF stages. Selection of the BFO or MO carrier insertion is achieved by means of S10C which completes the +12V ‘supply to either the BFO (TR32) or TR13 as appropriate, The supply is removed from both stages with S10C at ‘AM’. Leakage of 100kHz carrier signal through TR13 in its turned-off condition is prevented by including two diodes D35 and D36 (2 x S44) which are arranged as RF switches to complete the signal path correctly for the desired mode of operation. Page 31CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION With S10C at ‘CW/SSB’, D36 becomes forward-biased and passes the tunable BFO output from C314 to R252 and thence via C317 to gate 2 of the product detector. At the same time, 036 will be reverse- biased because of the voltage developed across R252. This effectively interrupts the signal path from coaxial interconnection ‘I’. Moving $10C to ‘SSB HIGH-STAB’ removes the +12V supply from D35, so causing the voltage across R262 to fall below the level at which D36 becomes forward-biased. Under this condition, D36 offers minimum opposition to the 100kHz carrier which passes unhindered to gate 2 of the detector. The BFO (TR32) employs 2 UC734B junction-FET in tuned-gate configuration with separate feedback winding in the drain circuit. Its nominal frequency of 100kHz is adjustable over a range of + 5kHz by means of C310/311. NB: The ‘CW/SSB’ setting of the MODE SWITCH, although available for SSB reception, would normally be used for this mode, only when it is required to receive SSB signals without the ‘hang’ AGC characteristic which is present at ‘SSB HIGH-STAB’, THE AUDIO SECTION General The ‘Audio Section’ comprises two separate audio amplifiers both of which are housed in AUD/O AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3385. Independent gain controls are fitted for both amplifiers which provide outputs as follows: Main Audio Amplifier: High-level output for external loudspeaker and attenuated outputs for internal loudspeaker and headset. Line Amplifier: Low-level output suitable for connection to 600s line circuits. Both audio circuits are fed from MODE SWITCH section S10A. AUDIO AMPLIFIER MODULE LP3385 Main Audio Integrated circuit 1C18 (SL414) provides the loudspeaker/headset output and is fed from the slider of the AF GAIN (RV7). The IC incorporates its own pre-amplifier and is protected against accidental short-circuiting of its output. HF compensation is provided by R274/C331 while R275/C336 prevent parasitic oscillation at RF. The pre-set potentiometer RV26 is adjusted during manufacture to set the quiescent output voltage to equal half the supply voltage under which condition maximum undistorted output is obtained. The output terminal of 1C18 is wired via C339 to pin 9 of the Ancillaries Connector PL/C to feed the external loudspeaker circuit, and also to the panel for connection to the internal loudspeaker and the headset socket JK1. The two latter outputs are attenuated by series resistors (R299/R300) and a switch {811) allows the internal loudspeaker to be muted when not required, ‘The earth return from the external loudspeaker circuit is not directly earthed but is routed via an auxiliary contact on JK1. This interrupts the earth return to mute the external loudspeaker when the headset is connected. Page 32CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Line Audio This circuit comprises TR34 (BCY71) and IC19 (MFC4000B) as pre-amplifier and output emplifier respectively: both stages operate from a regulated supply derived from D37A (BZY88 CV 1). Input is taken from the slider of the LINE LEVEL CONTROL (RV6) which allows the output on this channel to be adjusted independently of the main channel output. The output transformer (T2) is electrostatically screened and has a centre-tapped secondary which can be arranged for balanced or unbelanced operation when feeding standard 600n line circuits. The associated transistor TR35 (BC1078) amplifies the voltage across the primary of T2 to feed the Meter Rectifier D37 (OA47). Output from D37 drives the metering circuit when the METER SWITCH S12 is set to ‘AF’ (See page 34). TELEPRINTER DRIVE CIRCUITS General Provision is made for fitting an optional module within the receiver when the installation requirements call for reception of FSK radio-teleprinter tran: Ins. The module is fitted to special order or can be supplied as an accessory to be fitted by the user. FSK MODULE LP3058 This module is driven directly from the 700kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE and provides a relay keyed ‘output suitable for switching an external teleprinter supply. 100kHz input for the FSK stages is taken from Emitter Follower TR27 in the 100kH2 JF AMPLIFIER MODULE via coaxial interconnections ‘U' and'‘W'. The first stage (ICB : : CA3012) functions as a single-ended limiting amplifier, providing a clipped 100kHz output to drive the FSK Discriminator 38/D39 (2 x 1844). Mark/space pulses appearing across R314/R315 are DC-coupled to the Source Follower TR40(UC734B) which maintains light loading on the Discriminator output. The following stage is a P-N-P transistor (TR41 : : BCY34) which serves as a Driver Stage for IC9. Use of a P-N-P unit at this point is dictated by the fact that terminal 5 of IC9 must lie close to earth potential in the absence of signal input. RV13 provides a means of establishing this condition (cor- responding to equal base currents in the two input emitter followers which form part of the IC). A metering point is provided to facilitate adjustment. The CA3002 fitted in the IC9 position functions as a single-ended DC-coupled clipping amplifier. Its square-wave output is converted to a near-sine wave in the shaping filter R322/323-C362/363 to eliminate residual FM noise components before application to the final stage IC10. This is a further CA3002 in which the amplifier proper again clips the keying waveform. The last stage in 1C10 is an ‘emitter follower which drives a mercury-wetted contact reed relay RLC/1 to control the teleprinter circuit. A contact protection circuit comprising R329 and C368/369 is provided external to the module. Pre-set potentiometer RV14 permits adjustment of the relay bias conditions to allow correct keying of the ‘printer’: access for adjustment is through an aperture in the rear of the receiver. Pulse output is fed from the FSK Discriminator via R316 to the meter circuit to provide visual indication when tuning to FSK signals. Mark/space reversal is not provided and should therefore be arranged externally as shown in Section 4. Page 33CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION THE METER CIRCUITS Metering Facilities The built-in panel meter can be switched by means of the METER SWITCH S12A/B to provide the following metering facilities. The switch positions bear the legend ‘RF’ — ‘CZ’ — ‘AF’, ‘RF’: : Meter monitors |F AGC voltage to provide reading of relative carrier level (logarithmic reading with AGC ‘ON’, linear at ‘OFF’) ‘CZ':: Meter operates with centre zero and serves as FSK tuning indicator. ‘AF’: : Meter monitors output from Meter Rectifier (D37) and indicates audio level (in mW) at 6000 line output. ‘The meter has a 50-0-50.A movement and is driven from TR39 which is located on the METER/ REGULATOR BOARD LP3373. Scaling is in arbitrary divisions 0-10 with additional CZ and 10mW marking. METER/REGULATOR BOARD LP3373 This printed circuit board carries the following circuit items. (1) Meter Amplifier TR39 together with associated pre-set controls etc. (2) Pre-set potentiometers RV2 and RV4 (AFC and Tunable IF adjustments, located on this board for convenience of access) (3) Two separate voltage regulator circuits (see page 36). Meter Circuit The S12A section of the METER SWITCH connects the appropriate metering line to the gate of junction-FET TR39 (UC734B) which serves as the Meter Amplifier. The meter has a basic centre-zero movement and is wired between the drain of TR39 and the slider of RV11 which forms part of a potential divider across the 15V supply. This constitutes a bridge circuit and RV11 is adjusted (with $12 at ‘RF’) so that the bridge is unbalanced by an amount just sufficient to cause the meter needle to lie at the left-hand end of its scale. The drain load for TR39 is selected by S12B and at ‘RF’ will comprise R303 and the decoupling resistor R44 in series with the 15V feed to TR1/2 (RF Amplifier). TR39 gate is connected to the IF AGC line and will therefore go increasingly negative as signal level rises. The voltage at the drain of TR3Q will rise towards +15V causing the meter needic to be deflected away from the left-hand zero. Further increase in signal level will bring the RF AGC into operation and the voltage dropped across R44 will become less. TR39 drain therefore moves even closer to +15V to give a bigger deflection of ‘the meter. Shifting $12 to the ‘CZ’ position modifies the drain load which then becomes RV9. This is adjusted to produce zero voltage across the meter (i.e. so that the drain of TR39 lies at the same potential as that at the slider of RV11). The meter needle reverts to centre-zero and serves as a tuning indicator for reception of FSK signals. At ‘AF’ the drain load will be RV10 which is set to bias the meter needle once again to a conventional left-hand zero. RV12 is adjusted so that the AF calibration mark (10mW) is correct with the line output terminated in 6000 Page 34CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION POWER SUPPLY SECTION Input and output voltages The power supply can be adjusted to accept all standard 40-60Hz AC inputs in the ranges 105/130V and 210/260V: the following outputs are provided to power the various receiver circuits:— (1) #22VDC =: Unregulated. (2) #15VDC =: Zener regulated. (3) 412VDC =: IC regulated. (4) +5v DC IC regulated. (5) -6v 0c Zener regulated (6) ev AC Lamp supply for ’kHz'/’MHz’ indicators and main scale projection. NOTE: The ‘High-Stab’ indicator bulb is supplied from the 12V DC line via a series dropping resistor. Power supply circuits The mains transformer T3 has four secondary windings, three of which feed the bridge rectifiers D43, D44 and D4S. Fuses are included in the earth returns of the two high-current circuits (D43/44) but D45 is unfused. The rectifiers provide the following outputs:— D43_:: 422V :: Feeds Inc. Osc. oven heater/control circuit, IC regulator 1C15 (+12V supply). and zener regulator D41 (+15V supply). D44.:: +12V :: Feeds IC regulator 1C14 (+5V supply) D4 :: —10V Feeds zener regulator D42 (—6V supply). The remaining secondary on T3 supplies 6V AC for the bulbsLP2/LP3 & LP4. LP4 provides illumination for the main scale projection system and is adjustable in brilliance by means of the DIAL DIMMER RV15. LP2 and LP3 illuminate the ‘kHz’ and ‘MHz’ legends respectively and are switched by means ‘of RANGE SWITCH wafer $38. Calibration is in MHz on Ranges 1-4 and kHz on Range 5-10. IC regulator circuits 1C14/1C15 are part of the METER/REGULATOR BOARD LP3373: the remaining power supply circuitry is mainly located on the power unit chassis in the rear right-hand corner of the receiver. The primary circuit of T3 is fused in both legs and incorporates a filter circuit C375-377/CH33, CH34 to provide protection against high voltage spikes riding on the mains input supply. Standby switching ‘The receiver is not equipped with a conventional AC supply switch but can be switched to a ‘standby’ condition by means of the STANDBY SWITCH S13. This arrangement allows the supplies for the three oscillator ovens and their associated circuits to be retained when the receiver is not actually operational but must be available for immediate use. An LED indicator (D5) fed from the 12V supply rail shows when the AC supply is present within the receiver. The actual stages disabled by S13 when set to ‘STANDBY’ vary according to the settings of the RANGE SWITCH and the HIGH-STAB/CONT TUNE SWITCH but always include those in the 100kHz |F AMPLIFIER MODULE. The stages in the 250kHz IF MODULE and certain stages in the 936kHz LOOP MODULE will also be disabled under certain conditions of switching but may already be disabled by the two switches previously mentioned. Other stages — the 2nd Signal Mixer for example — may also be switched off but this is accidental rather than intentional and does not affect the desired switching action, i.e. muting of the 100kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE. Page 35CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The stages referred to in the previous paragraph are switched by means of S13A which interrupts the appropriate 12V supply lines, namely those fed via PL/B-6 and PL/B-7. S13A is also responsible (see later) for interruption of the 5V supply feeding the counter circuits etc. associated with the incre- mental frequency display which is therefore extinguished when switched to ‘STANDBY’. The other section of the STANDBY SWITCH (S138) is arranged to interrupt the 6V AC supply to extinguish the main scale projection lamp and the ‘kH2’'/’MHz2’ indicators. The ‘HighStab' indicator is also extinguished because it derives its supply from the 935kHz LOOP MODULE which is switched off by S13A. This in fact is the sole reason for disabling this particular module METER/REGULATOR BOARD LP3373 Note: The metering circuit carried on this board is described on page 34, Regulator circuits This board carries two independent voltage regulator circuits which provide the +12V supply for the main receiver circuits and the +5V supply for the digital section, Both regulators employ fold-back current limiting and utilise external pass transistors (TR51/52 : : 2 x 2N3055) to extend the current capability of the LM723's which are used in both circuits (IC14/IC15). Output voltages are set during manufacture by adjustment of RV23 (12V) and RV24 (5V). Regulator switching The 12V regulator runs continuously under all conditions of operation but the 5V circuit is disabled when using Ranges 5-10 (incremental read-out not required) and also when the receiver is switched to 'STANDBY’. Switching is accomplished indirectly by means of TR50 (BC107B) to avoid the need for direct switching of the 5V supply line which carries a current of some 3 Amps. TRSO is arranged to shut down 1C14 when not required. Control for TR5O is derived from either RANGE SWITCH wafer S3A or STANDBY SWITCH section S13A, both of which will apply +12V to the base of TRO when set to the appropriate position(s). Diode D54 (1N4004) is included in the switching circuit to prevent activation of the 100kHz IF AMPLIFIER MODULE etc. when switched to ‘STANDBY’ on Ranges 5-10. DIGITAL COUNTER CIRCUIT introduction The digital counter circuit provides the incremental frequency readout by counting the output frequency at one of the two 550-650kHz outputs supplied by the INCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT. It is pre-set so that the mid-frequency in the oscillator range (600kH2) is displayed as ‘SOkHz’ and is arranged to count backwards to compensate for the spectrum reversal resulting from the conversion process in the 1st Signal Mixer (i.e. 650kHz corresponds to an incremental setting of ‘OkH2'): The basic readout utilises five digits to provide a display which is readable to within 1Hz and is capable of displaying a maximum frequency of 99.999kHz. The display therefore reads 00.000kHz with the /NCREMENTAL OSCILLATOR UNIT set to either 650.000kHz or 550.000kHz (cor- responding to incremental settings of ‘OkHz’ and ‘100kHz' respectively). This ambiguity in readout is resolved by including an LED indicator which is extinguished at 650.000kHz but flashes when the oscillator is set to 550.000k Hz Page 36