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Polio

Poliomyelitis, also known as infantile paralysis, is an acute infectious disease caused by the poliovirus entering through the mouth and infecting the gastrointestinal tract. It can then invade the central nervous system and potentially cause muscular paralysis. The virus is transmitted person to person through the fecal-oral route or contaminated water. Nursing management focuses on rest, preventing contractures, respiratory care, and hygiene while medical management may include tendon transplants, surgery to release contractures or fuse joints, and vaccines to provide immunity.

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173 views5 pages

Polio

Poliomyelitis, also known as infantile paralysis, is an acute infectious disease caused by the poliovirus entering through the mouth and infecting the gastrointestinal tract. It can then invade the central nervous system and potentially cause muscular paralysis. The virus is transmitted person to person through the fecal-oral route or contaminated water. Nursing management focuses on rest, preventing contractures, respiratory care, and hygiene while medical management may include tendon transplants, surgery to release contractures or fuse joints, and vaccines to provide immunity.

Uploaded by

Kat Bausa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLIOMYELITIS Definition: It is an acute infectious disease caused by the invasion of the central nervous system by a minute filterable virus.

us. Also known as: infantile paralysis It is caused by an enterovirus that affects the muscles that can cause muscular paralysis.

Causative agent: Poliovirus/Enterovirus

Risk Factors: Lack of immunization against polio Exposure to polio virus Recent or previous tonsillectomy Poor immune system

Mode of Transmission: Person to person contact through the fecal-oral route or by ingestion of contaminated water

Incubation Period: 5 to 35 days

Manifestation: Inapparent Infection Most patients infected with the virus are asymptomatic Abortive Patients may present with the following with normal neurologic findings:

Throat and intestines are infected Fever Malaise Uneasiness Sore throat Inflamed pharynx Headache Anorexia Vomiting Abdominal pain

Non-paralytic o o Muscle stiffness/pain on neck, arms, legs, abdomen and at the back More severe headache

Paralytic o Initial course is similar to non-paralytic type followed by recovery and signs of central nervous system paralysis. Pain Hyperesthesia and irritability Loss of tendon reflexes Paralysis and muscle atrophy observed several weeks after the beginning of symptoms

Nursing Management: Maintain complete bed rest. Maintain body alignment and prevent contractures; use footboard. Observe for respiratory paralysis (difficulty of talking, ineffective cough, inability to hold breath, shallow and rapid respiration.) Have tracheostomy tray at bedside. Prevent over stretching of paralyzed muscle. Apply moist hot packs over affected muscles for 15-20 minutes every 2-4 hours. Active and passive ROM Nasal and oral hygiene Isolate patient Disinfection of throat discharges, feces and soiled articles

Medical-Surgical management: Tendon transplantation o Can restore function to a partially paralyzed extremity.

Release of contracture Arthrodesis o A surgical procedure in which the joints are fused into one so as to relieve pain, improve alignment of joints and restore skeletal stability.

Pharmacological interventions: Analgesics o To reduce pain in the muscles, headache.

Mild sedatives o To relieve anxiety and promote rest

Vaccines/OPV o o Provide active immunity against poliovirus OPV induces both circulating antibody and intestinal resistance

POLIOMYE LITIS Lack of immunization to Poor hygiene Children 5 y/o Feco-Oral Polio virus enters the mouth Virus proliferates in the pharynx and intestinal mucosa Lymph nodes Productio n of lymph WBC Infection Swelling of lymph nodes: tonsils Tonsillitis Weakness Muscle atrophy Fever Reddish and swollen gray matter Damage to gray matter in the ventral spinal cord Damage to motor neurons Transmission of impulses to the muscles Localization of virus in the various tissues Virus attaches to cell Disseminatio n occurs in the CNS

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