Bio S3/ ENS 4 (Human Anatomy and Physiology)

Name: KIERSTIE ALLY GLENDALE B TABIA BS Psychology 4

Activity No. 7
Physiology of the Circulatory System

Part 1 Pulse Rate and Blood Pressure

Procedure:

1. Effect of exercise
a. Subject setting quietly on a chair
Blood pressure ____________________________
Pulse rate ________________________________
b. Subject after exercising (running in place for 2 minutes)
Blood pressure ____________________________
Pulse rate ________________________________
c. What are the effects of exercise on blood pressure and pulse rate?
Discuss
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Part 2 Vital signs

1. Palpate your partner’s radial pule and count the pulsations in this artery for one minute.
Record your findings and explain what causes this pulse.

2. Have your partner jump up and down for a few minutes and count the pulse again. If
there is a change, calculate the percentage of change. Compare your results with other
members of the class. Explain why the degree of change is greater in some healthy
adults than in others.

3. While your partner is resting count his/her respirations for one minute. Record this rate.
Repeat the count after exercise and explain why the rate increases with exercise.
(include in your discussion factors other than exercise that influence the rate of
respiration).

4. How does exercise influence body temperature?

Part 3 Heart Sounds

Procedure:
1. Place the stethoscope on the chest over the area of the cardiac apex. Correlating the
timing of the sounds with the carotid pulse, try to deduce the relationship of each of the
sounds to the period during which blood is ejected from the heart.
2. There are four areas on the chest where the sounds produced by four sets of valves may
be differently heard.
a. At the apex of the heart is the fifth intercostal; space near the nipple – the mitral
bicuspid area. (First sound – systole)
b. In the second left intercostal space near the sternum – pulmonic area (second
sound – diastole)
c. In the second right intercostal space near the sternum – aortic area, (second
sound – diastole)
d. At the bottom of the sternum near the xiphoid cartilage – tricuspid area (First
sound – systole)
3. Try to note the difference in the sounds observed at these four positions. Be certain to
understand the relationship of valve action to mechanical events and sound production.
4. Valvular abnormalities might be expected to be associated with abnormal sound
production. Normal sounds are produced by mechanical impact and tension on valve
leaflets. Turbulent flow through a narrowed orifice may produce sounds in the heart
and great vessels. Sound is also produced when the valves do not close completely and
blood gushes backward.

Part 4 Hyperemia

Procedure:
1. Wind a rubber band moderately tightly above the second joint of your finger. Wait
several minutes.
a. Is there a change in size and color of the finger? _________________________
Why? ___________________________________________________________
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2. Immerse the finger in hot water (45 C for few minutes)

a. Is there a difference in appearance of the finger size and color? ______________
Why?
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b. Are there sensations other than warmth present? ________________________

Why?
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3. What are the symptoms of hyperemia? _______________________________________

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4. Define hyperemia:
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5. Discuss the nervous control of the heart.

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6. Discuss the sterling law of the heart.

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Part 5 Diagram of Lymphatic System
(Location of lymph nodes and drainage area)

Procedure:
1. Add small “X” marks to indicate areas where lymph nodes are most abundant.
2. With colored pencils, lightly shade those portions of the body which are drained by the
right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct.

1. Describe the function of lymph nodes. ________________________________________

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2. How do lymph vessels resemble veins?

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3. Describe the composition of lymph.

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4. Discuss the pathophysiology of the following case conditions: (Choose 1)

Case 1: Elephantiasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)
Case 2 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Case 3 Coronary Heart Disease

Choose 1
5. Age related changes affecting the heart
6. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
7. By-pass graft
 Bio S2/ ENS 4 (Human Anatomy & Physiology)

Name _____________________________________________

Activity 8
Respiratory System

Part 1 - Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide Content of Blood and Rate and Depth of
Respiration

Procedure:
1. Count partner’s normal respiration rate for 1 minute (breaths/min) and note depth as
partner sits quietly.
Rate ___________________________
Depth _____________________________________

2. Have partner hyperventilate by breathing deeply and rapidly for 2 minutes. Immediately
following hyperventilation, count respiration and note their depth for 1 minute.
Rate ____________________________________
Depth __________________________________

3. Have rest to reach control level obtained in procedure 1 above.

4. Next have partner hyperventilate into a closed system such as a spirometer or paper
bag held tightly over mouth and nose for 2 minutes. Immediately after, count
respiration for 1 minute and note their depth.
Rate ____________________________________
Depth ___________________________________

5. Observation:
a. Does hyperventilation increase or decrease blood carbon dioxide content?
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b. Describe the relationship between blood carbon dioxide content and rate and
depth of respirations.
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Part 2 Auscultation of Respiratory Sounds

Procedure:
1. During respiration, characteristic sounds can be heard over the chest. There are two
classes of sounds.
a. Bronchial: Place a stethoscope low over the larynx or the trachea and during
quiet respiration a low inspiratory sound is heard, corresponding closely with the
sound produced by breathing through the mouth held in a position to pronounce
“h” or “ch”. Is the sound heard during both inspiration and expiration?
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 Place the stethoscope over the course of the trachea and bronchi, and note how
far away the bronchial note can be heard. Does rapid, deep respiration increase
this sound?
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b. Vesicular: Place the stethoscope over the right fifth intercostal space during
quiet respiration. A gentle sound will be heard, resembling that made by
breathing through the lips in a position to pronounce “f”.
Is this an inspiratory or expiratory sound? ____________________________
Is the sound altered during forced respiration? ________________________

2. Whispered voice
While the partner whispers “one, two, three” apply stethoscope to symmetrical points
on the thorax. Observation:
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3. Clinical Questions:
a. Would it be possible to commit suicide by holding your breath? Why?

b. Why may a doctor order high concentration of carbon dioxide inhalations for his
postoperative patients?

c. What causes lung collapse when the pleural cavity is punctured?