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Ghadir Khum: Muhammad's Last Sermon

1. The Prophet Muhammad delivered his final sermon at Ghadir Khum before his death, where he formally announced Ali ibn Abi Talib as the divinely appointed successor and leader for Muslims. 2. In the sermon, the Prophet established Ali's right to the caliphate and leadership after him, praised Ali's virtues, and warned that those who oppose Ali will face consequences on the Day of Judgment. 3. The Prophet ordered that the content of the sermon be conveyed to all Muslims, present and future, emphasizing its great importance for Islam and the Muslim community.

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57 views131 pages

Ghadir Khum: Muhammad's Last Sermon

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com

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T HE S ERMON OF P
B
PROPHET MUHAMMAD U
H
&
AT GHADIR KHUM H
F

Introduction & Translation by:

Vahid Majd

Naba Cultural Organization

www.nabacultural.org

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‫ ق‬11 -‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺠﺮت‬53 ،‫ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﺳﻼم‬،(‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )ص‬

Muhammad, the Prophet, d. 632
[‫ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬-‫ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬،‫]ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻏﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ‬
(‫ ﺳﺮﻣﻮن آو ﭘﺮاﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اَت ﻏﺪﻳﺮ ﺧﻢ‬‫)د‬
The Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HF) at Ghadir Khum / Introduction and
Translation by Vahid Majd. –Tehran: Naba Organization, 2005= 1384.
‫ ص‬121
ISBN 964- 8323- 38- 0
.‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻴﭙﺎ‬

.‫اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ – ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬،(‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )ص‬.3 .‫ اﺛﺒﺎت ﺧﻼﻓﺖ‬.‫ ق‬40 -‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺠﺮت‬23 ،‫ اﻣﺎم اول‬،(‫ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﺑﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ )ع‬.2 .‫ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ‬،‫ ﻏﺪﻳﺮ ﺧﻢ‬.1
.‫ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬،Vahid Majd -1344 ،‫ وﺣﻴﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﺠﺪ‬.‫ اﻟﻒ‬.‫ – ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ‬.‫ ق‬11 -‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺠﺮت‬53 ،‫اﺳﻼم‬

، The Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HF) at Ghadir Khum :‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ب‬

.‫ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬-‫ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬.‫ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻏﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ‬:‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ج‬

/ BP / / .

‫ م‬84 -33262 ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان‬

THE SERMON OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH&HF) AT GHADIR KHUM

INTRODUCTION AND TRANSLATION BY: VAHID MAJD
Date of Publication: 2005
First Edition, No. of Copies: 5000
Publisher: Naba Cultural Organization
Address: P.O. Box 13185-567, Tehran, Iran
E-mail : [email protected]
Website: www.nabacultural.org
ISBN: 964-8323-38-0

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“Certainly, I just conveyed what I have

been ordered to convey as an argument
against everyone, be him present or
absent, a direct witness or not, and
already born or not yet born. Hence,
everyone who is present should convey
(this sermon) to those who are absent,
every parent should convey it to his/her
children, (and they should continue to
do so) until the Day of Judgement.”

— A part of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH&HF)

last public sermon delivered in Ghadir Khum

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To the Most Truthful,

The Greatest Sign of Allah,
The Judge of the Day of Religion,
The Allotter of Paradise and Hell,
The Greatest News about Whom People Differ,
The Greatest Distinguisher of Truth from Falsehood,
The Master of All Deputies of the Prophets,
The Brother of the Messenger of Allah,
The Commander of the Believers,
The Leader of the Pious,

Ali Ibn Abi Talib,

Peace Be Upon Him.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
The Ghadir event and its significance........................................ 1
What does the sermon establish for Ali (PBUH)? ..................... 7
Does successorship only refer to political authority?.....................7
The rights and virtues of Imam Ali and other Imams....................10
His followers, his enemies, and their fate .....................................14
The Ghadir event leaves no excuse ...............................................16

Our obligations towards the sermon and the event .................. 18

The necessity of submitting to the Prophet’s sayings....................18
Learning, acknowledging, and protecting the text of the sermon .22
Acting upon the instructions of the sermon and observing the
covenant........................................................................................22
Transmitting the sermon through modern ways............................24
Keeping alive the event and observing its anniversary.................26
Thanking Allah for this greatest blessing......................................28

Some statistics about the text of the sermon ............................ 31

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An overview of the sermon ...................................................... 33

Documentation of the sermon .................................................. 36

THE SERMON OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH

(PBUH&HF) ON THE DAY OF GHADIR KHUM .................. 40
Part 1 Praising Allah and regarding Him pure....................... 48
Part 2 Preparation for delivering an important
commandment from Allah........................................... 59
Part 3 Open declaration of the leadership of Ali Ibn Abi
Talib (PBUH) and the Imams after him ...................... 66
Part 4 Announcing the perfection of religion due to Ali’s
appointment and reminding the People of his virtues . 80
Part 5 Referring to the aims of the hypocrites ....................... 87
Part 6 Adherents of Ahl al-Bait (PBUT) and their enemies .. 95
Part 7 Mentioning Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH) ........................ 101
Part 8 Exhorting people to give their pledge ....................... 104
Part 9 Finality of the religious laws and the role of the
Imams ........................................................................ 106
Part 10 Pronouncing the covenant and taking the oath of
allegiance................................................................... 113
Endnotes................................................................................. 122

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INTRODUCTION

The Ghadir event and its significance

Seventy days before his demise, when Prophet Muhammad
1
(PBUH&HF) was returning to Medina after his last pilgrimage
to Mecca, he reached the pond of Khum (Ghadir Khum)
near Juhfa. It was the 18th of the month of Dhul-Hijja of
the year 10 AH (March 15, 632 AD). By this time, the
Prophet (PBUH&HF) had conveyed all of the divine
commandments to his nation except for the formal and
explicit public announcement of his divinely appointed
successors as the leaders, guardians, and guides for the
believers for all days to come.
By the order of Allah, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) stopped at the
pond of Khum, gathered the crowd of pilgrims, and
delivered his last universal speech. In this sermon, he
presented his last religious instruction which finalized the
last divine religion and made Islam the perfect religion in
the sight of Allah. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (PBUH), the
fifth Imam and successor of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) said:

1
The acronym “PBUH&HF” refers to phrase “peace be upon him and
his family.”

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SI M “The last obligatory duty that Allah sent down was
H SI al-Walaya (adherence to the guardian assigned by
MH
A
I SII Allah). Then, He sent down the verse: ‘Today, I
RE L completed your religion…’1 once the Messenger
VE A of Allah established it in Juhfa area.”2
O SI
HH This message was the most unique in the entire mission of
WT
the Prophet (PBUH&HF) due to the revelation of Verse 67,
Chapter 5 of the Holy Quran before his speech. In this
revelation, Allah warned His Messenger that failing to
deliver this last message would nullify his entire mission.
This unprecedented warning proves that this last message
contained the most important religious commandment of
Allah for the Muslim nation.
Moreover, the contents of this last message were so crucial
to the faith that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) emphatically
required all those who directly or indirectly heard the
sermon of Ghadir Khum to convey it to people who were
not aware of its details, and parents to convey it to their
children for all generations to come. Hence, this sermon
addresses all Muslim generations of the world until the

1
Chapter 5, Verse 3 of the Holy Quran
2
al-Tafsir, Ali Ibn Ibrahim al-Qummi, vol. 1, p. 162, under the
commentary of Verse 5:3; al-Tafsir, al-Ayyashi, vol. 1, p. 292, under
the commentary of Verse 5:3; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 37, p. 112,
Hadith 5, vol. 37, p. 138, Hadith 27.

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Day of Judgement. This emphasis naturally implies that

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the content of this message has a vital role in the future of
the Muslims, their spiritual health, and their felicity in the
Hereafter.
The main issue that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) addressed in his
speech in Ghadir Khum was that Allah appointed Ali Ibn
Abi Talib (PBUH) as the guardian (Wali), the master
(Mawla), the leader (Imam), and the commander (Amir) of
all believing men and women, the deputy and the executor
of his affairs (Wasi), and his successor (Khalifa). His
sayings and commands should be preferred over the
opinions of all others in every matter. Obeying him is
obeying Allah, and disobeying him is disobeying Allah.
Whoever follows him (and his sayings) is a believer under
the guardianship of Allah, and whoever turns away from
him (or his sayings) is a disbeliever under the guardianship
of Satan.
Guardianship (al-Walaya) expresses a bilateral relation
between the guardian and the people. Observing al-Walaya
by people means adhering to the guardian and
acknowledging his authority by heart, tongue, and action.
On the other hand, the action of al-Walaya by the guardian
means offering protection from evil, spiritual assistance,
care, support, and guidance for his adherents. A divinely
appointed guardian guards his adherents from
misguidance, spiritual destruction, wrongdoing, and sin as
much as they adhere to him and his commands.
Establishing al-Walaya has been the ultimate goal of

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,R . religion and the fruit of the entire efforts of Prophet

ET RE
S TS Muhammad (PBUH&HF) during his mission.
AA
M
SI M One who submits to Allah’s representative and adheres to
H SI him has indeed acknowledged Allah’s authority and
MH guardianship and is a true monotheist in obeying Allah.
A
I SII Acknowledging the guardianship of the leaders that Allah
RE L
VE A appointed and submitting to them is the greatest pillar of
O SI faith. It safeguards the followers from the wrath and
HH
WT punishment of Allah. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (PBUH)
said:
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“Islam is established by five things: prayer,
charity, fasting, pilgrimage, and al-Walaya
(adhering to the guardians authorized by Allah).
None (among them) was called for as
(emphatically as) al-Walaya was called for.
However, people accepted the first four and
abandoned al-Walaya.”1
People who refused to submit to the leaders that Allah
appointed resemble the Satan who refused to submit to the
viceregent of Allah, Adam (PBUH), and consequently,
became an outcast and went under the curse of Allah

1
al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 18, Hadith 3.

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forever as mentioned in the Holy Quran.1 It is narrated that

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Imam al-Ridha (PBUH) said:
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“The similitude of the believers in accepting the
guardianship of the Commander of the Believers
(Ali) on the day of Ghadir Khum is that of the
angels in prostrating before Adam (i.e., submitting
to him), and the similitude of those who turned
away from the guardianship of the Commander of
the Believers on the day of Ghadir is that of the
devil (Iblis).”2
In one of his speeches on the anniversary of the day of
Ghadir, Imam Ali (PBUH) said:
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1
cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 38, Verses 73-78.
2
Iqbal al-A'amal, p. 465.

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AA
M
SI M “Allah does not accept the faith (of an individual)
H SI except after he acknowledges the guardianship of
MH
A
I SII whom He required. He does not arrange the means
RE L of His obedience (for an individual) except after
VE A he adheres to His ropes and the ropes of His
O SI
HH authorized people. Thus, Allah sent down to His
WT Prophet (PBUH&HF) on the day of the large trees1 that
which explained His will for His sincere and
chosen servants. Allah commanded him to convey
(the message) without being concerned about the
hypocrites or the deviants, and guaranteed him
protection against their evil... By that, Allah
completed His religion, and delighted the eyes of
His Prophet (PBUH&HF), and the believers. Some of
you witnessed this event and some received its
news. This (appointment) concluded the beautiful
word of Allah for those who observe patience… ”2

1
This phrase refers to the day of Ghadir Khum as there had been some
large trees beside the pond at the time.
2
Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 94, p. 115, Hadith 8.

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What does the sermon establish for Ali (PBUH)?

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Does successorship only refer to political authority?
Some people do terrible injustice to the event of Ghadir by
portraying it as a matter of transferring political power.
They unwittingly borrow the Sunni understanding of the
term Khalifa, interpreting it as “a ruling successor”. They
state that the main goal of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) in Ghadir
Khum was to establish Imam Ali (PBUH) as a political leader
after his departure.
Were it truly so, the matter would have been a historical
matter, and it would be meaningless to quarrel over the
right of Imam Ali (PBUH) to rule after passing 1400 years. It
is almost fourteen centuries too late to decide whether Ali
(PBUH) should have been the first or the fourth ruling
governor after the departure of the Prophet (PBUH&HF). Were
there a mistake during the upheaval after his departure, it
should not be stressed, because no one can change the past,
and believing that Ali (PBUH) should have been the first
ruler instead of the fourth would have no consequence in
today’s life.
This viewpoint ultimately led some to believe that the
differences between the Shia and the Sunnis are limited to
some minor historical disagreements, which do not have
any bearing on their salvation in the Hereafter, and that
their beliefs are the same; thus, they should abandon their
differences for the sake of their prosperity in the life of this
world.

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,R . By considering the issue of successorship to be a matter of

ET RE
S TS political rule, they have unknowingly belittled the goals
AA
M
SI M
and the achievements of Allah’s Messenger and his
successors, peace be upon them, for historical records
H SI
MH show that, due to a lack of sincere supporters, they were
A
I SII unable to implement their ideal divine government.
RE L Besides, most of the Shia Imams (PBUT) never attempted to
VE A implement their own government and used to refer those
O SI
HH who questioned their stance1 to Imam Mahdi (PBUH) who
WT will appear at the end of time and will establish the
Kingdom of Justice on earth.
On the other hand, a brief look at the sermon of Ghadir
shows that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) wanted to pass on much
more than political authority to Imam Ali (PBUH) and the
Imams after him. An examination of his words shows that
they are the guardians that Allah appointed, and people
must acknowledge their authority inside their hearts and
follow them in all aspects of life. People will benefit from
them as their Imams and will be rewarded by Allah only if
they accept them willingly and not through political
dominion. Whether or not the guardians that Allah
appointed become a ruling authority, the believers of all
generations have a duty to abide by their instructions.
Therefore, it is not too late to follow their commands,
accept them as guardians, submit to them, prefer their
sayings over one’s own and other’s opinions, consider

1
See for instance, al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 341-342, Hadith 25, 26, and 27;
Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 51, p. 132, Hadith 1, and p. 109, Hadith 1.

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them as the center of truth, evaluate everything by their

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standard, and keep aloof from their enemies who opposed
their commands.
It is also interesting to observe that the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
mentioned the titles Wali, Mawla, and Imam for Ali (PBUH)
in his sermon over 27 times, whereas he used the word
Khalifa for him only three times. Even under the Sunni
implication of the word Khalifa (successor)—which limits
it to political rule—it is clear that the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
stressed spiritual leadership in his speech, which would
guarantee the salvation of those who follow the Imam, and
would lead them towards Paradise. Worldly issues never
took priority for the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and his successors.
Imam Ali himself has said:
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“By Allah, this world of yours is more despicable
in my eyes than a pig bone in the hand of a
leper.”1
Certainly, had the majority of people followed the sayings
of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) concerning the divinely appointed
guide, he would have naturally come to power. Thus,
Imam Ali’s exclusive qualification for political rule is only
one of the natural outcomes of the guardianship (Walaya)
that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) established for him on behalf of
Allah on the day of Ghadir. In this manner, the spiritual
1
Nahj al-Balagha, Maxim 236. Also refer to Sermon 3 (known as al-
Shiqshiqiyya) for another similar statement.

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,R . authority of Imam Ali (PBUH) and his pure descendants is

ET RE
S TS still effective over the remaining believers until the Day of
AA
M
SI M
Judgement, irrespective of the support of the majority of
people for them or their political authority.
H SI
MH Believing in the Imam’s virtues in one’s heart and
A
I SII adhering to his words in disguise (al-Taqiyya) under
RE L
VE A tyrannical rule are not only sufficient for salvation in the
O SI Hereafter but also rewarded many-fold, because observing
HH
WT faith is more difficult at times of terror and fear. According
to the traditions, worship during the days of tyrannical
government is more rewarding for the believers than
worship during the time of the just government, though
this fact should not prevent the believers from praying to
Allah for the manifestation of the Kingdom of Justice on
earth by Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH).1

The rights and virtues of Imam Ali and other Imams

The sermon of Ghadir Khum confirms the following rights
and virtues of Imam Ali (PBUH) and the Imams after him:
1- Allah has decreed absolute authority for them over the
believers, and thus, just like the Prophet (PBUH&HF), all
their commands must be obeyed unconditionally.
2- Like the Prophet (PBUH&HF), they have priority over
people, and they have more rights over the believers
1
cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 333, Hadith 2, also Hadith 1; Bihar al-Anwar,
vol. 52, p. 127, Hadith 20, also p. 145, Hadith 67. Another related
tradition can be found at: al-Ikhtisas, p. 20, Hadith; Bihar al-Anwar,
vol. 52, p. 144, Hadith 62.

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than what they have over their own souls. They should

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
be preferred over others (in position, sayings, ideas,
commands, etc.) for Allah has preferred them.
3- Allah has made them the leaders of the believers and
the medium of divine guidance after the Prophet
(PBUH&HF). They guide people towards the pleasure of
Allah, keep them from His disobedience and His wrath,
and lead them to Paradise.
4- Allah has made them the guardians of the faithful, who
protect their close adherents from evil and
misguidance.
5- They are the “Straight Path” of Allah, whom people are
ordered to follow.
6- They have all the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH&HF).
Allah has placed the knowledge of everything in them.
They are the inheritors of all branches of knowledge.
Particularly, they possess the complete knowledge of
religion. They are authorized to expound the religion
and explain its commandments and prohibitions.
7- Allah has authorized them to interpret the Holy Quran
and to explain its meaning after the Prophet (PBUH&HF).
No one knows its interpretations, its hidden warnings,
and its mysteries except through them. They guide
people to the truth of the Quran and call them to it.
8- They are the executors of the will of the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) and the deputies of his affairs (Wasi). Imam
Ali (PBUH) was the greatest in virtue and rank among the

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,R . deputies of all the prophets (most of whom were

ET RE
S TS prophets themselves) just as the Prophet (PBUH&HF) was
AA
M
SI M
the greatest among all prophets (PBUT).
H SI 9- Imam Ali (PBUH) is the most virtuous amongst the
MH creation of Allah so long as creation exists.
A
I SII
RE L 10- Imam Ali (PBUH) was foremost in accepting Islam and
VE A worshipping Allah.
O SI
HH 11- Imam Ali (PBUH) fought against the enemies of Allah by
WT
His command and was the greatest helper of religion.
12- Imam Ali (PBUH) was the greatest aid and defender of
the Prophet (PBUH&HF). He fought on his behalf and
offered his life as a sacrifice for him. His relation to the
Prophet (PBUH&HF) was that of Aaron to Moses (PBUT).
13- Imam Ali (PBUH) was the dearest and the closest to the
Prophet (PBUH&HF). He is from the Prophet (PBUH&HF), and
the Prophet (PBUH&HF) is from him. The Prophet
(PBUH&HF) called him his brother.

14- The title of “the Commander of the Believers”

exclusively belongs to him.
15- Allah and His Prophet (PBUH&HF) are pleased with him.
All verses of the Holy Quran that express Allah’s
satisfaction or praise in their ideal sense have been
revealed about him.
16- The divine light, the divine guidance, and the divine
leadership have been placed in Imam Ali (PBUH) and the
Imams from his descendants up to Imam Mahdi (PBUH),

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the last divinely appointed Imam. The earth will never

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
lack an Imam until the Day of Judgement.
17- Imam Ali (PBUH) and the Imams of his descendents are
the trustees of Allah, His appointed judges, the vessels
of divine knowledge1, the greatest proofs of Allah

1
The “divine knowledge” refers to all the heavenly knowledge created
by Allah, and placed in His best creation. It is called divine just
because Allah issued and authorized it, and because it is not a science
generated by a human. It is called His knowledge since it is His
creation and is attributed to Him. However, this should not be
confused with His “Eternal Knowledge”. It should be made clear that
any knowledge that a human being can possess, grasp, or
comprehend is a creation, and has no similarity whatsoever with
Allah’s Eternal Knowledge (i.e., His Essence), which is not created.
The knowledge that a human or even an Imam possesses is not a part
of Allah’s Eternal Knowledge, otherwise it would imply His Essence
has parts. Any imagination or perception of Allah's Eternal
Knowledge by us is a creation of our mind and cannot be attributed
to Allah. With regard to the Essence of Allah, we are not allowed to
theorize or converse because we have no way to understand Him, and
by “His Eternal Knowledge”, we only mean, “He is not ignorant”.
We should recognize that His Essence (Dhat) is free from any type of
knowledge that we know (i.e., any generated knowledge even if it is
multiplied by infinity in terms of quality and quantity) just as we
recognize that there is nothing that He is unaware of. Nothing is like
Him. Maintaining a difference on the quality or the quantity between
His knowledge and the concept of knowledge that is known to us is
not enough to avoid resemblance, and we need to deny the
resemblance in the concept of knowledge between the Creator and
the creation. There is neither concept, nor quality for His Essence.
Allah is the creator of perfections and qualities, and He is not limited
by the extension of qualities and concepts that we imagine. Allah
knows, but not like how His creation knows. Hence, our
understanding of His Eternal Knowledge (i.e., His Essence) is only
←

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,R . among His creation, and His exhaustive arguments

ET RE
S TS against them.
AA
M
SI M 18- Imam Ali (PBUH) and the pure members of his progeny
H SI constitute one of the two weighty symbols besides the
MH Holy Quran. If people adhere to both, they will be
A
I SII never misled. Each one of the two guides to the other
RE L
VE A and agrees with it.
O SI
HH 19- Imam Ali (PBUH) and the Imams of his progeny are the
WT most learned about the religion. The lawful and
unlawful things are only those that the book of Allah,
the Messenger, and the Imams, have declared so,
respectively.
20- The last Imam of his descendants, the Mahdi (PBUH),
shall establish the global kingdom of justice. He will
revive Allah’s religion, and will overcome all religions
and ideas. He will annihilate falsehood, will purify the
earth from the enemies of Allah, will avenge the blood
of all the friends of Allah, and will re-establish the
rights of Allah, the Prophet (PBUH&HF), and his family.

His followers, his enemies, and their fate

In the sermon of Ghadir Khum, the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
describes the followers and the enemies of Imam Ali (PBUH)
and the Imams after him, and informs them of their
destinies:

limited to denying any opposite in Him. In other words, we should

regard Him free from all defects such as ignorance.

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1- Those who acknowledge the authority of Imam Ali

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
(PBUH) are the triumphant Party of Allah and the true
believers who will achieve felicity and a great reward.
2- Whoever doubts any of the Imams has doubted them
all, and his abode is the everlasting Hellfire. Whoever
doubts the sayings of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) in this
sermon concerning them has doubted all of what Allah
has revealed to the Prophet (PBUH&HF) throughout his
entire mission. Such a person is accursed and under the
wrath of Allah.
3- If anyone chooses a religion other than submission to
the guardianship of Imam Ali (PBUH), Allah will never
accept it from him, nor will He accept his deeds, and he
will be among the losers on the Day of Judgement.
4- Allah loves whoever loves Ali (PBUH). He keeps up His
support, protection, guidance, forgiveness, and mercy
for anyone who keeps attached to Ali (PBUH), listens to
him, and remains under his guardianship.
5- Anyone who turns away from Imam Ali (PBUH), he has
rejected Allah’s guardianship and has gone under the
guardianship of Satan. Such a person has attained the
curse of Allah and His wrath.
6- As long as someone denies Ali’s authority, Allah will
never turn to him nor will He ever forgive him. If he
dies like that, he will remain in Hell forever. This is a
decisive decree by Allah that will never change.

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,R . 7- The friends of Imam Ali (PBUH) are those who believe in

ET RE
S TS his guardianship and never doubt their belief. They
AA
M
SI M
detest those who oppose Allah and His Messenger even
if they are their closest kin.
H SI
MH 8- The enemies of Imam Ali (PBUH) are those who turn
A
I SII away from his guardianship, doubt the virtues that
RE L
VE A Allah has bestowed upon him, are jealous of him,
O SI abandon support for him, reject his sayings, disagree
HH
WT with his actions, oppose his commands, or have
friendship with those who oppose him.
9- His enemies are the wretched, the misguided, the
arrogant, the brothers of Satan, and the rejecters of
faith. Their deeds are all in vain. Their lasting
punishment will not be lessened, and they will never be
pardoned.
10- Those who usurped the rights of the family of the
Prophet (PBUH&HF) are the leaders who invite people to
Hell. Allah and His Prophet (PBUH&HF) are clear of them
and their actions. They, their supporters, and their
followers will be in the lowest pit of the Hellfire.

The Ghadir event leaves no excuse

During the Sermon, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) stressed that his
speech completes Allah’s argument against everyone until
the Day of Judgement. After the departure of the Prophet

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(PBUH&HF),other members of Ahl al-Bait (PBUT)1 emphasized

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
this fact as well. Lady Fatima (PBUH), the Prophet’s
daughter, said:
?5F> 9 & 3
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“Allah did not leave any argument or any excuse
for anyone after the event of Ghadir Khum.”2
Similarly, when Imam Ali (PBUH) addressed the immigrants
and the helpers in the Prophet’s Mosque (after they had
pledged fealty to Abu Bakr), he reminded them of his
exclusive right for the leadership of the community and
their covenant with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF)
concerning him. Some of the helpers said to Imam Ali, “O
Abul Hasan! Had the helpers heard your arguments before
giving their pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr, none would
have disputed your rule.” In response to them, Imam Ali
(PBUH) said:

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1
Ahl al-Bait means People of the House. However, the Ahl al-Bait of
the Prophet (PBUH&HF) as specifically defined by him and believed
by the Shia, refers only to the divinely selected individuals of his
house. They are his daughter (Lady Fatima (PBUH)) as well as twelve
divinely appointed leaders (Imams) after him. The twelve Imams
include the Prophet’s son in law and cousin, Ali (PBUH), Ali’s two
sons, al-Hasan and al-Husain (PBUT), as well as nine descendants of
al-Husain (PBUH).
2
Dala’il al-Imama, p. 38. See also, al-Khisal, vol. 1, p. 173; Bihar al-
Anwar, vol. 30, p. 124.

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,R . '!#" 45 m" % ,

-'#> 9 J -[##2[4 6 Lw '2[b 9 '!0' ',0P L%
ET RE
S TS Z6 ?L'TZ' 9 3 o &o8' x ( 'S / i _
AA
M
SI M “Did you want me to leave the shrouded body of
H SI the Messenger of Allah without burial and come
MH
A
I SII out to quarrel for his sovereignty? By Allah! I
RE L could not believe anyone would yearn for it,
VE A dispute with us Ahl al-Bait (PBUT) in it, and make
O SI
HH lawful to do what you did (in usurping our rights).
WT I do not see that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF)
left any place for any controversial talks, any plea,
or any argument for anyone (by his speech) on the
day of Ghadir Khum.”1
The above testimonies, among others, show that the speech
of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) at Ghadir Khum in defining the
position of Imam Ali (PBUH) is clear, evident, and definitive,
and it exhausts arguments brought by anyone. Thus, it can
be presented as a comprehensive proof to everyone.

Our obligations towards the sermon

and the event
The necessity of submitting to the Prophet’s sayings
One of the important differences that distinguishes Islam
from all the early divine religions is that it states that it is

1
al-Ihtijaj, vol. 1, p. 74; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 28, p. 185.

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the final religion of Allah. It offers the ultimate divine

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
instructions for people in terms of beliefs and practices,
and all its commandments and prohibitions are effective
until the Day of Judgement. Believers of all generations
are required to submit to the sayings of the Messenger of
Allah (PBUH&HF) to achieve felicity. Allah states in the Holy
Quran:
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“It is not permissible for a believer, man or
woman, to exercise choice in a matter for which
Allah and His Messenger issued a command.
Whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, he
has surely strayed off (the path), a manifest
straying.”1
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Whoever does not judge according to what Allah
has sent down is a disbeliever.2
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“O You who believe! Do not precede Allah and
His Messenger; and be watchful of (your duties
1
Chapter 33, Verse 36 of the Holy Quran.
2
Chapter 5, Verse 44 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . toward) Allah. Verily, Allah hears and knows all

ET RE
S TS things.”1
AA
M
SI M 93 y $ 0 3l -0 i-* 2 [o m'6N y `:5 9 z
H SI -0#b -#b 9 ,0 7 -'6 co $rb1%
MH
A
I SII “But no, by your Lord, they have not truly
RE L believed until they make you judge in all disputes
VE A
O SI between them, find in their souls no resistance
HH against your decision, and submit (to you) with
WT
complete conviction.”2
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“O You who believe! Obey Allah and obey the
Messenger and those who are given authority from
among you; and if you had a dispute in a matter,
return it to Allah and His Messenger if you believe
in Allah and the Last Day.”3
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1
Chapter 49, Verse 1 of the Holy Quran.
2
Chapter 4, Verse 65 of the Holy Quran.
3
Chapter 4, Verse 59 of the Holy Quran.

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“Say, ‘If you truly love Allah, follow me; Allah

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
will love you and will forgive you your sins; and
Allah is oft-forgiving and the most merciful.’ Say,
‘Obey Allah and His Messenger.’ But if they turn
back, Allah loves not those who reject faith.” 1
Therefore, it is necessary for a believer to follow all the
sayings of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) which have reached us in
the form of traditions. Opposing the traditions of the
Prophet (PBUH&HF) means opposing Allah and disbelieving
the above-mentioned verses of the Holy Quran.
Weakening and disregarding the sayings of the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) that have been handed down to us means
believing that the Quranic verses, which require us to
follow his sayings, are useless in our time.
Particularly, for such an important issue as the message of
Ghadir Khum, rejecting it means believing that Allah and
His Prophet (PBUH&HF) have failed to convey the message
that, according to the Quran, if not conveyed, would be as
if nothing of His religion was conveyed,2 and religion
would remain deficient and unsatisfactory in the sight of
Allah.3
It is, therefore, our duty to acquire and learn this final
message of the Prophet (PBUH&HF), to comply with what it
entails, and to follow its directions.

1
Chapter 3, Verses 31-32 of the Quran.
2
cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 5, Verse 67.
3
cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 5, Verse 3.

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,R . Learning, acknowledging, and protecting

ET RE
S TS the text of the sermon
AA
M
SI M
The sermon of Ghadir Khum constitutes the last
H SI instructions of the last prophet of Allah in his last days.
MH Hence, it is of prime importance for every believer to
A
I SII study the text of the sermon with care, reflect on it, and
RE L acknowledge all its implications in one’s heart.
VE A
O SI In the sermon of Ghadir, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) has
HH
WT emphasized that all his final commandments and
prohibitions are effective forever and should never be
altered by people’s desires, needs, ideas, opinions, or
tendencies in any era. He (PBUH&HF) considered it a duty of
every believer to learn and comprehend the instructions of
the sermon as it was handed down to them, and to protect
them from any alteration or change for the use of the
current and future generations.

Acting upon the instructions of

the sermon and observing the covenant
After understanding and acknowledging the message of
the Prophet (PBUH&HF) in the heart, one must put it in
practice in his/her life. Calling people toward the truth by
self-practice is the most beautiful and the most effective
method of propagating the truth, which protects the
message on a practical level and keeps it alive in the
community.
The covenant taken by the Prophet (PBUH&HF) from all
people who eventually hear the sermon includes the
following verbal declarations:

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1- We heard and understood the divine message

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
concerning the authority and the rights of Ali (PBUH) and
the Imams of his offspring.
2- We pledge our fealty to them by our hearts, our souls,
our tongues, and our hands.
3- We are satisfied with the message and submit to it.
4- We will never deny it, nor will we break the covenant.
5- We will never doubt it.
6- We will obey it by our actions.
7- We will live and die with this belief.
8- We will never change nor replace its instructions.
9- We will convey it to our children, family, and friends,
near or far.
10- We take Allah as witness to this covenant, and His
Prophet (PBUH&HF), Allah’s Angels, His forces, and His
servants, and anyone who obeyed it.
According to the saying of the Prophet (PBUH&HF), this
covenant is taken by the order of Allah, and anyone who
pledges his allegiance to him, Imam Ali, and the pure
Imams of his progeny according to the terms of the
covenant has indeed pledged his allegiance to Allah, the
mighty and the majestic. This fact is also verified by the
Holy Quran.1

1
cf. Chapter 48, Verse 10 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . The Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) stated that those who

ET RE
S TS precede others in acknowledging their covenant with
AA
M
SI M
Imam Ali (PBUH) and the Imams after him and truly believe
in their guardianship are those who succeed in attaining
H SI
MH the gardens of bliss.
A
I SII
RE L Transmitting the sermon through modern ways
VE A As the Prophet (PBUH&HF) ordered, every Muslim who
O SI
HH receives his message should transmit it to other members
WT of his community, especially the youth and children.
Transmitting the sermon is the greatest manifestation of
enjoining what is right (Amr bil ma’ruf)1. The Prophet
(PBUH&HF) mentioned that the most important example of
enjoining the right is conveying what he said in this
sermon to truth-seeking individuals who have not heard its
details, urging them to follow it as an order from Allah and
His Prophet (PBUH&HF), and advising them against violating
it.
Introducing the position and virtues of Imam Ali (PBUH) to
the people is the best possible deed, because it makes
known to people the authentic source of inquiry for all
righteous deeds. The Prophet (PBUH&HF) stated in the
sermon that without recognizing Imam Ali (PBUH), there is

1
The word al-Ma’ruf means what is recognized. It refers to the deeds
that Allah has recognized as good. On the other hand, the word al-
Munkar means what is rejected. It refers to what Allah did not
recognize as righteous deeds, and thus, people should avoid them.

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neither any value nor any effect in enjoining other

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
righteous deeds.
Therefore, it is the duty of all believing men and women to
inform other Muslims, who are prepared to hear the truth,
about the content of this sermon without screening it
according to personal opinion.
What follow are some suggestions to make the text as well
as the meanings of this sermon popular in our community:
1- Holding frequent special meetings for reciting the
Arabic text of the sermon, its translation, and its
explanation. Seeking nearness to Allah by reminding
about the Prophet’s statements on the day of Ghadir,
and making such spiritual gatherings as the medium of
one’s requests before Allah.
2- Reciting a part of the sermon, even a small amount, in
any general gathering, and reminding about one’s
obligation towards it.
3- Holding classes of memorizing the text of the sermon
for the youth, organizing competitions, quizzes, and
offering prizes for learning the contents of the sermon.
4- Presenting the books containing the full text of the
Prophet’s (PBUH&HF) sermon at Ghadir Khum as gifts to
the family and friends.
5- Making decorative objects, goods, and greeting cards,
etc., on which the key phrases of the sermon are
written or carved.

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,R . 6- Developing extracurricular programs in schools for

ET RE
S TS teaching the text of the sermon to the students.
AA
M
SI M 7- Translating the sermon into different languages and
H SI publishing them in papers and on the Internet.
MH
A
I SII Keeping alive the event and observing its anniversary
RE L
VE A There are many traditions on the importance of observing
O SI the anniversary of the event of Ghadir Khum. To be brief,
HH
WT only three traditions are partially quoted below. The
Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) said:
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“The day of Ghadir Khum is the greatest religious
festival (Eid) of my nation. It was the day that
Allah, exalted is His rememberance, commanded
me to appoint my brother, Ali Ibn Abi Talib, as
the guiding banner for my nation, by whom they
will be rightly guided after me. It was the day in
which Allah finalized religion and fulfilled His
blessings on my nation and was pleased that Islam
be their faith.”1
Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH) said to one of his companions:
1
al-Amali, al-Saduq, p. 125, Hadith 8, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 94, p. 110,
Hadith 2.

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P.8 '!#" 0'> 9 ... 0a - > /0' ' x ( 'S / / 0'

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“Fasting on the day of Ghadir is equivalent to
fasting throughout the entire age of the world… It
is the greatest festival of Allah. Allah has not sent
any prophet but that he celebrated this day as Eid
and was aware of its sanctity. It is known in the
heavens as ‘The Day of the Famous Covenant’…
You might think that Allah, the mighty and the
majestic, has created a day more sacred than that.
No, by Allah! No, by Allah! No, by Allah!”1
Imam Ridha (PBUH) said:
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“Certainly, the day of Ghadir is more famous in
the heavens than in the earth… and by Allah, had
people truly known the superiority of this day, the

1
Tahdhib al-Ahkam, vol. 3, p. 143, Hadith 1; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 95,
p. 302, Hadith 2.

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,R . angels would have been shaking hands with them

ET RE
S TS ten times a day.”1
AA
M
SI M Thanking Allah for this greatest blessing
H SI
MH Being grateful to the benefactor for his favors is a matter
A
I SII of rational necessity. The wiser the servant, the more
RE L gratitude he expresses in words and actions to his master.
VE A Allah states in the Holy Quran:
O SI
HH
WT
*C -A *C W6 9 '!#"' *l 'm% -*'2 m-Z 0) Z 9
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“We indeed bestowed wisdom upon Luqman: ‘Be
grateful to Allah.’ Certainly, whoever is grateful
does so to the profit of his own soul, but if any is
ungrateful, verily Allah is free of all wants and is
abundantly praised.”2
In addition, the greater the favor, the more appreciation
that is due. Divine guardianship (al-Walaya) is the greatest
favor that Allah has bestowed upon His creation. The more
gratitude that someone expresses to Allah by adhering to
it, the more benefit he receives from it. On the other hand,
the more someone rejects Allah’s mercy, the more he is

1
Tahdhib al-Ahkam, vol. 6, p. 24, Hadith 9, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 94,
p. 118, Hadith 9.
2
Chapter 31, Verse 12 of the Holy Quran.

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entitled to His curse, which lies in the absence of His

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
mercy and protection. Allah states:
C F> m" Y 1. W'} 9 *t8 *l W'}
“If you are grateful, I will increase your (benefits
from My favor); but if you show ingratitude, truly
My torment is intense indeed.”1
On the anniversary of the event of Ghadir Khum, Imam al-
Sadiq (PBUH) praised and thanked Allah, saying:
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1
Chapter 14, Verse 7 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . A '[- 'T% D6 C

o 9 0" 6 'S"u 9 ',P3 1.
ET RE
S TS ... m-#b6 $ 9 m'76 m'6N6 $
AA
M
SI M “O Allah! We listened, obeyed, and answered the
H SI caller from You due to Your favor. Thus, praise
MH
A
I SII belongs to You. We seek Your forgiveness, our
RE L Lord, and towards Your (reward or punishment) is
VE A the eventual turn.1 We believed in Allah, who is
O SI
HH Unique and has no partner, believed in His
WT Messenger, Muhammad, answered the caller of
Allah and followed the Messenger in adhering to
our master, the commander and the guardian of the
believers, Ali Ibn Ali Talib. He is the servant of
Allah, the brother of His Prophet, the most
truthful, His exhaustive argument against His
creation, the supporter of His Prophet, and His
true and clear religion. He is a flag of the religion
of Allah, the treasurer of His (issued) knowledge,
the chest of what is hidden by Allah, the place of
His secrets, and the trustee of Allah and His
witness over His creation.
O Allah! We have heard the call of one calling
(us) to faith, ‘Believe in Your Lord,’ thus we have
believed. Our Lord! Forgive us our sins, blot out
from us our evil deeds, and take our souls in the
company of the righteous. Our Lord! Grant us
what You promised to us through Your

1
cf., Chapter 2, Verse 285 of the Holy Quran.

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messengers, and disgrace us not on the Day of

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Judgement, for You never break Your promise.1
Surely it was by Your favor and Your grace that
we acknowledged the Prophet and the Commander
of the Believers (Ali), and disbelieved in al-Jibt
and al-Taghut.2 Thus, keep us attached to what we
have adhered to. Resurrect us with our Imams, for
we believe in them, have confidence in their
(authorities and virtues), and are submissive
before them …”3

Some statistics about the text of the sermon

Here are some statistical facts about the sermon:
- The Prophet (PBUH&HF) explicitly mentioned the name of
Imam Ali (PBUH) in his sermon about forty times besides
many more instances that he (PBUH&HF) referred to him by
pronoun.

1
Chapter 3, Verses 193-194 of the Holy Quran.
2
These two terms refer to the idols that are obeyed against Allah,
which, in reality, implies they are worshipped instead of Him.
According to the traditions, they refer to the two foremost enemies of
the family of the Prophet (PBUH&HF). Both terms have also been used
in Chapter 4, Verses 51 of the Quran. However, the latter term, al-
Taghut, has been used in seven more places in the Holy Quran. See
for instance: Chapter 2, Verses 256-257, and Chapter 4, Verses 60
and 76.
3
Iqbal al-A'amal, p. 473, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 95, p. 299, Hadith #1.

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,R . - He (PBUH&HF) repeatedly used the following titles for

ET RE
S TS Imam Ali (PBUH) in this sermon:
AA
M
SI M - Wali and Mawla (guardian) fifteen times.
H SI - Imam (leader) twelve times.
MH
A
I SII - Amir (commander) seven times.
RE L
VE A - Wasi (executor of the will and deputy of the affairs)
O SI seven times.
HH
WT - Akh (brother) four times.
- Khalifa (successor) three times.
- Hadi (guide) three times.
- The Prophet explicitly mentioned the word A’imma
(Imams), referring to the eleven Imams after Imam Ali
(PBUH), nine times in his sermon.

- The sermon also refers to over one hundred verses of the

Holy Quran concerning Imam Ali (PBUH) and his
authority, his followers, and their enemies.
- The number of sentences categorized by some important
subjects of the sermon is as follows:
- Over fifty sentences on the Walaya of Imam Ali
(PBUH).

- Twenty sentences about his virtues, yet stressing that

it is impossible to enumerate all his virtues in the
sermon.

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- Twenty-five sentences about the followers (Shia) of

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Imam Ali (PBUH) and their enemies.
- Ten sentences on the Walaya of the Imams (PBUT) after
him.
- Twenty sentences specifically about Imam Mahdi
(PBUH), the last divinely appointed Imam who will
establish the divine government on earth at the end of
time.
- Twelve sentences about the importance of the Quran,
and introducing Imam Ali (PBUH) and his children as its
exclusive authorized interpreters.
- Ten sentences on urging people to pledge their fealty
to Imam Ali (PBUH) and the Imams after him from his
offspring.

An overview of the sermon

The text of the Sermon can be divided into the following
ten major parts:
Part 1: The opening of the sermon is dedicated to praising
Allah and regarding Him pure from any resemblance
with His creation. It includes great lessons on the
Unity of the Essence of Allah. In addition, it contains
important information concerning His names,
attributes, and actions.

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,R . Part 2: This part of the speech informs the listeners of the

ET RE
S TS reasons behind delivering this sermon. It includes the
AA
M
SI M
revelations that came down to the Messenger of Allah
(PBUH&HF) just before the event, and the divine order
H SI
MH concerning what he must convey to the people. It also
A
I SII explains the reason that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) has
RE L delayed the speech until he reached that place.
VE A
O SI Part 3: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) officially declares Allah’s
HH
WT decree regarding the appointment of Imam Ali (PBUH)
and the pure Imams after him. He then enumerates
some of the virtues of Imam Ali (PBUH), his rights, and
the duties of people regarding him.
Part 4: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) announces that Allah has
completed His religion through the leadership of
Imam Ali (PBUH) and reminds people more about his
exclusive virtues.
Part 5: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) recites some verses of the
Holy Quran concerning the hypocrites, and states
what they intend to do after him. He advises people
against violating Allah’s commands and emphasizes
that what will happen after him is but a test for
people, which will distinguish the believers from the
disbelievers.
Part 6: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) gives a detailed description
of the followers and the enemies of Ahl al-Bait (PBUH),
and informs people of the final destiny of each,
giving references to many verses of the Holy Quran.

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Part 7: To give hope to the believers despite all the future

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
misconduct of the enemies of Allah, the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) informs people that justice and faith will
finally prevail, and the righteous will inherit the
earth. He (PBUH&HF) dedicates this part of his speech to
describe Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH) and to confirm his
advent as a promise from Allah and His decisive
decree.
Part 8: Reciting some verses of the Holy Quran, the
Prophet (PBUH&HF) informs people that pledging
allegiance to Imam Ali (PBUH) is, in fact, identical to
pledging allegiance to Allah, the mighty and the
majestic.
Part 9: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) emphasizes that the divine
commandments including the obligatory and
prohibited actions will never change in future, and
that Imam Ali (PBUH) and other Imams of his offspring
are fully aware of all final commandments and their
limits. They are the expounders of the religion and
the divinely appointed judges for any question
pertaining to religion.
Part 10: The Prophet (PBUH&HF) asks people to recite the
sentences of the covenant with him. He takes their
verbal oath of allegiance to Imam Ali (PBUH) and other
Imams of his family. He also asks people who can
reach him to confirm their oath by shaking hands
with him, Ali, al-Hasan, and al-Husain, peace be
upon them.

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,R . Documentation of the sermon

ET RE
S TS Different pieces of the sermon of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) at
AA
M
SI M the pond of Khum are found separately in many books
H SI narrated through numerous Shia and Sunni authorities.
MH
A
I SII
However, the most complete text of the sermon that has
RE L reached us, which covers most aforementioned pieces, is
VE A found in a number of books of traditions; the most
O SI distinguished of those which have been preserved to this
HH
WT date, is al-Ihtijaj, compiled by Ahmad Ibn Ali al-Tabarsi,
an outstanding Shia scholar who lived in the 5th century
AH.
Since various parts of this speech have been reported in
numerous earlier books of traditions, the most
comprehensive text available in al-Ihtijaj, is classified as
parallel or frequent (Mutawatir). Thus, it should be relied
upon irrespective of its chain of narrators.
Al-Tabarsi has often omitted the chain of the narrators of
the traditions in his book, because as he stressed, he only
narrated traditions that were famous among the Shia
traditionists before him. However, due to the importance
of the Sermon of Ghadir, al-Tabarsi has quoted the chain
of the narrators for this tradition in al-Ihtijaj, which
constitutes the following sound authorities traced back to
Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (PBUH), the fifth divinely
appointed Imam of guidance after the Prophet (PBUH&HF):
BC>M 0b ]o % W G$6 1c % 0b o
1c % 0b 0C W Wb B#> % 0C (% 7 !> n Bf5

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% 0b 0C (% 7 !> n Bf5 B4u Wb W -

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o 7 Bb0u ( W - o 7 - 46 W - o
- W -Z#> W> m W @07 W> 0 PZ> W 9 =R-> W 04
q B#> W - 1c % W> B6
The detailed sermon, with few minor differences in
wording, has been reported in the following books as well:
1- al-Yaqin, Sayyid Ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH), pp. 343-361,
narrated from Imam al-Baqir (PBUH) with the following
chain of narrators:
W P> W * % W - (% 7 Gu - W % o
46 W - o 7 G5 - % B#> W Wb o 7
=R-> W 04 o 7 Bb0u ( W - o 7 -
1c % W> B6 - W -Z#> W> m W @07 W> PZ> W>
q B#> W -
2- Rawdhat al-Wa’idhin, Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan al-
Fattal al-Nishaburi (d. 508), part 1, pp. 89-99, narrated
from Imam al-Baqir (PBUH), with the chain of narrators
omitted by the author due to its popularity in the
scholastic circles.

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,R . 3- Iqbal al-A’mal, Sayyid Ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH), pp.

ET RE
S TS 454-457, narrated from Hudhaifa Ibn Yaman, through
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the Sunni authorities with the following chain of
narrators:
H SI
MH $0#> -[M 0C 1 % J95 6 L<1 F .F 6 m% #>
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RE L 9 C -bM { ][. <6 $> J95 6 `d W- LZ
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WT W> J95 -0 Z G J o M B#> W [45 m5t6 Jl `#M
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-#4 o !0% W> C 4Z W B#> W - W B#> 4Z
Gb 0u> W> mo W @07 W> ¢6 % W> G5< L 1 W
m-0 W 1Fo W>
4- al-Tahsin, Sayyid Ibn Tawus (d. 664 AH), p. 584,
narrated from Zaid Ibn Arqam, through the Sunni
authorities with the following chain of narrators:
c W - 1c % (% 7 P0C n P> W - L 1M %
D0 W 0 o y7 G#P O*b W b0> W m95 9 Gu
o 7 CP6 W e o 7 m95 W o 7 t
75% W t W> 9 75% W t =%6 W W> W 0
Unless otherwise specified in the endnotes and shown by
brackets and marks in the text, the presented Arabic text of
the sermon and its English translation are according to the
original text of al-Ihtijaj, Ahmad Ibn Ali al-Tabarsi, vol. 1,

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pp. 56-66, narrated from Imam al-Baqir (PBUH). The phrases

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
within the brackets are either the extra phrases that only
appear in the other books named above, or preferred
lexically among different phrases with similar meanings
given in the above-mentioned documents.

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,R .
ET RE

S TS
AA
M
SI M
H SI ‫ﻳﺮِ ﺧُﻢ‬‫ ﻏَﺪ‬‫م‬‫ﻮ‬‫( ﻳ‬ )
‫ﻪ‬‫ آﻟ‬‫ و‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻠَﻴ‬‫ ﻋ‬‫ﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠّﻪ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻮلِ اﻟﻠّﻪ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺔُ ر‬‫ﺧُﻄﺒ‬
MH
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I SII
RE L THE SERMON OF
VE A THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH (PBUH&HF)
O SI
HH ON THE DAY OF GHADIR KHUM
WT

Imam al-Baqir (PBUH) said:

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,R .
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The Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) intended to leave
Medina to perform pilgrimage having already conveyed all
the commandments to his community except for the
pilgrimage and the guardianship (of the nation) (al-
Walaya).
Thus, Gabriel (PBUH) came to him saying, “O Muhammad!
Surely, Allah, majestic is His name, offers peace to you,
and tells you, ‘Verily, I have not taken the soul of any of
my prophets or messengers except after completing My
religion and affirming My proof.1 Of the commandments,
two obligatory duties still remain which you need to
convey to your nation: namely, (the details of) the duty of
performing pilgrimage, and the duty of (people in)
acknowledging the guardianship (of the believers) and
following your successor after you. Certainly, I have never
left nor shall I ever leave My earth empty of a proof.’

1
“The proof of Allah” (Hujjat Allah) is one whom Allah has placed
among His creation as His most evident sign in his time, who
completes His arguments against people by His authority.

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,R . Therefore, Allah, majestic is His praise, commands you to

ET RE
S TS perform pilgrimage along with everyone who is capable of
AA
M
SI M
attending from the dwellers of the cities and suburbs as
well as the Bedouins. Teach them the pilgrimage as you
H SI
MH taught them the prayers, the purification tax, and fasting.
A
I SII Make them aware of its (details) as you made them aware
RE L of other religious obligations.”
VE A
O SI Thus, the announcer of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF)
HH
WT informed people that he (PBUH&HF) intended to go on
pilgrimage and to teach them this religious obligation.
(Because of his announcement,) the number of people
from the inhabitants of Medina and its suburbs as well as
(other) Arabs who went on pilgrimage along with the
Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) was in excess of 70,000 —
this is equivalent to the number of people from whom
Moses (PBUH) took pledge of allegiance for Aaron (PBUH),
but they later chose the calf (for worship) and the Samiri.1
Likewise, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) took the
pledge of allegiance from this number of people for Ali
(PBUH), but they later broke their pledge and chose the calf
and the Samiri of their time (as their leaders), following
exactly the custom of their predecessors — Repeating the
words of compliance with the call of Allah (al-Talbiya),
the Prophet (PBUH&HF) traveled from Mecca to Medina and
performed the rituals of pilgrimage.

1
Sameri was a hypocrite who deceived the folk of Prophet Moses
(PBUH) during his leave, and made them worship a gold calf instead
of Allah. cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 20, Verses 83-97.

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When he was in the stopping place (al-Mina), the Angel

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Gabriel brought him a message from Allah, the most High,
saying, “O Muhammad! Your Lord, the mighty and the
majestic, greets you and states, ‘Indeed, your inevitable
time (of departure) has approached; thus, fulfill your
obligation; make your will earlier; entrust what is with you
of knowledge, the heritage of the early prophets in terms
of knowledge and signs, the weapon, and the chest1 to the
executor of your will and your successor, who is My far
reaching proof over My creation and My exhaustive
argument against them, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (PBUH).
Raise him as a guiding flag for people, remind and renew
people’s covenant and pledge about adhering to the
authorized representative2 of Mine and the master of every
believing man and woman, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (PBUH).
Verily, I have never taken the soul of any of the prophets
except after perfecting My religion, and completing My
bounty by means of requiring adherence to My authorized
friends and enmity against My enemies.

1
cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 2, Verse 248.
2
The term “Wali-Allah” is translated as “authorized representative” or
“authorized friend” throughout the text. It refers to an individual who
is authorized by Allah over people, who exercises authority on behalf
of Allah and according to His command, and is the guardian of the
believers. Thus, obeying him means obeying Allah and disobeying
him means disobeying Allah. Naturally, this lofty position only befits
those who are free of mistake by Allah’s protection, and are
absolutely obedient to Allah. See later explanation the term “divine
protection” in the footnotes.

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,R . As such, the pinnacle of monotheism, faith in My religion,

ET RE
S TS and completion of My blessings over My creation is
AA
M
SI M
(achieved only) through following Ali, whose obedience is
joint to the obedience of Muhammad (PBUH&HF), My
H SI
MH Prophet, as well as My obedience. Anyone who obeys him
A
I SII has indeed obeyed Me, and anyone who disobeys him has
RE L indeed disobeyed Me. I have placed him as a
VE A
O SI (distinguishing) flag amongst My creation so that whoever
HH recognizes him is a believer, whoever denies him is a
WT
disbeliever, and whoever associates anyone in pledge with
him is a polytheist (in obedience of Allah). One who meets
Me (on the Day of Judgement) having accepted him as his
guardian shall enter Paradise, and one who meets me
having enmity of him shall enter the Fire. Hence, O
Muhammad, raise him as the banner (of truth), remind and
renew people’s covenant and pledge that you have already
taken (informally in several occasions), for I shall soon
take your soul.’”
Because what he (PBUH&HF) knew of the inner enmity and
hatred of the hypocrites and the dissenters against Ali
(PBUH), the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) was concerned
about them lest (upon conveying this message) they
disperse (people) and return them to the days of ignorance.
Thus, he requested Angel Gabriel to ask his Lord for
protection from the evil deign of people, and waited to
receive this protection for delivering the message.
Similarly, when the Prophet (PBUH&HF) reached the Khif
mosque as well as the time the Prophet (PBUH&HF) reached
Kuraa al-Ghamim after leaving Mecca for Medina,

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Gabriel came to him bringing the same order without

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
giving protection. The Prophet (PBUH&HF) said, “O Gabriel, I
am afraid that my people will reject me and will not accept
my saying concerning Ali (PBUH).”
Once they reached the pond of Khum, three miles before
Juhfa, it was five hours past sunrise. At that moment,
Gabriel descended upon him again with an admonition and
a guarantee of protection from the evil of people, saying,
“O Muhammad! Surely, Allah, the mighty and the
majestic, conveys greetings to you and states, ‘O
Messenger! Deliver what has been sent down to you from
your Lord—regarding Ali (PBUH)—and if you do not, you
have not conveyed His message at all, and Allah shall
protect you from (evil) people.’”1
By that time, the front end of the caravan had already
reached Juhfa. Thereupon, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) sent for
all people who were ahead to return, and waited until those
who were behind reached the pond. Then he (PBUH&HF)
called for group prayer.
There were some trees in that place. The Messenger of
Allah (PBUH&HF) ordered (his companions) to clean up the
place under the trees and gather the rocks and put them in
one place in the form of a pulpit to overlook the crowd.
Then, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) stood over those
rocks, and gave the following sermon:

1
Chapter 5, Verse 67 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M
H SI
MH
A
I SII
RE L
VE A
O SI
HH Part 1
WT
Praising Allah and
regarding Him pure

Praise belongs to Allah Who

is exalted above (all the
creation) in His Oneness,1
and is near (to His creation)
in His loneliness.2
!

Sublime is His authority, "# $ %& !

and great are the pillars3 of
His (names).
"'() * ,+ !

1
While He is matchless and thus cannot be compared with His
creation by the term “being above”, He is exalted.
2
While nothing is beside Him, He is close to everyone.
3
According to the traditions, Allah has created twelve pillars out of
His three major names. These pillars are, in turn, the foundations of
120 names of Allah. cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 112, Hadith 1.

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His knowledge encompasses 2 43 - .%/+ 0" 1

) !

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everything while He is lofty
in status.1 "/5 6 !
He subdues all the creation ( 7+ 0" 8" 9
: ; & < = !
through His power and
evidence. . "60 !
He has always been praise- @ A B * 2 ;?
worthy and shall always be
praised. @+ AB 2 5
[He is the glorified Whose
glory has no end.
+@!ABC 2 ;D5 ! ]
He begins and repeats (the
creation),2
2 ;G5 ! 2E F5 !

1
This means that Allah does not need to move into the places of the
objects to encompass them in knowledge. It can be proven by reason
that Allah has no place, for He is the creator of place. He does not
need His creation, and He was eternally existent before any of His
creation. Imam al-Ridha (PBUH) said, “… Certainly, Allah formed the
quality, and thus He is without quality. He positioned the place, and
thus He is without place.” (al-Tawhid, p. 125, Hadith 3; Bihar al-
Anwar, vol. 4, p. 143, Hadith 13). Therefore, the word “Makan”, in
the sermon, refers to “Makanah” or “Manzilah”, which means lofty
position in terms of importance and magnificence, and not physical
place. Implying the same meaning, one may possibly return the
pronoun in the second sentence to “everything” instead of Allah.
Then, the phrase is translated as: “His knowledge encompasses
everything while everything is in its own place.”
2
cf. the Holy Quran, Chapter 30, Verse 11.

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,R . and to Him all affairs are ■

ET RE returned.]■1
[.GB ;H" I 5) J%'+ !
S TS
AA
M
SI M
He is the maker of what has
K
' L M"(0
H SI been elevated (i.e., heavens),
MH
A
I SII
the expander of what has
RE L been spread out (i.e., the K
N !
VE A earth),
O SI and the dominator of the
HH .K
! NL ! O
P ( Q (NF& !
WT planets and the heavens.
He is holy and exalted above RSF$ RT! =+
all purifications, the Lord of
the angels and the spirit. .S
" ! ! U / E V(
He grants to all that He
created.
.) 0 W5 :" ; & X Y%Z[ \5
He prolongs His grace to all
that He originated.
.]^) W5 :" ; & X Y@Z# \5

He sees all eyes, and eyes do WI ; %'+ _

+ B
not see Him. . `+ ;G !
He is generous, forbearing,
and patient.
.ba ) !+c R*; Rd" '
He made His mercy encom-
pass everything,2
\ ( 43 - %'+ : $ ! =

1
For the explanation of the marks after the brackets, see the endnotes.
2
cf. Chapter 40, Verse 7 of the Holy Quran.

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and He favored them by His

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
grace.
. \ G"e0" *"<; NW5 !
He does not hasten His
revenge,
5 7\"0 %+ D
GB
nor does He take the
initiative on what (He W5 J7
\$ 0" *"<;H" (FB !
knows) they deserve of His . 0"
punishment.

He comprehends the secrets, ENL * <" =

and knows what the hearts
conceal.
. E N[ * !
Hidden things are not
concealed from Him,
Ke/ ; f
9 * !
nor do they make Him
doubtful.
.KN; 9
; g<F\- !
He encompasses (in knowl- 43 - .%/+ 0" U+ h i"
edge) and dominates
everything, 43 - .%'+ X U+ F j !

and has strength and power 43 - .%'+ b+ N7+ !
over everything. .43 - .%'+ X b+ ( 7+ !
Nothing is like Him1, and He 6 ! m4- + l 5 k
; !
is the establisher of “the
thing” when it was nothing. .4o - O
4? N^ n+ ^
e5
1
cf. Chapter 42, Verse 11 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . He is everlasting [and free of ♦

ET RE need]♦, who acts justly;
r
L7"0 R*E= [! pe"q ] R*E
S TS
AA
M
SI M
there is no god but He, the
.*;/
AB"AG 6 H" "H C
H SI mighty, the wise.1
MH
A
I SII
He is exalted beyond being (s0] '(" ` ) W %&
grasped by visions, while He
RE L
VE A grasps all visions, and He is ( s0] t"( B 6 !
O SI subtle, well aware (of all
.u"F9
f;# 6 !
HH things).2
WT
None can reach His descrip-
tion by seeing Him, nor can Ua eBG5 W5 v! R ) 8 B
anyone find out how He is,
secretly or openly, and (He is w$ W5 6 f
;' R ) D
" B !
not known) except by what %& ! NA @ 0" H" Ua ;" !
Allah, the mighty and the
majestic, has made as the L
? X
signs of Himself.3
1
cf. Chapter 3, Verse 18 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 6, Verse 103 of the Holy Quran. The word "visions"
mentioned in this verse is not limited to seeing by eyes. It covers all
types of vision and perception as it is used in a plural form in the
verse. Under the commentary of this verse, Imam al-Ridha (PBUH)
said: “Verily, thinking or imagination of the mind is greater than the
vision of the eyes. Thus, (the verse means) minds can not reach Him,
and He reaches to all minds.” (al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 98, Hadith #10;
Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 4, p. 39, Hadith #16).
3
The recognition of Allah for us is only through His signs, not by
grasping His Essence. Imam al-Ridha (PBUH) said, “Anything that is
known by itself (i.e., by the comprehension of its essence) is a
created thing.” Imam al-Ridha (PBUH) also said, “Allah is recognized
by the signs and is proven by the indications.” Furthermore, Imam al-
←

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I testify that He is Allah, 6N ] 5 y

x N]0" < -) !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Whose holiness overspreads
all ages, $ =+
Whose light overwhelms
perpetuity1,
( 0] X^jB !
Who enforces His command b ( ! ^5 0" 5) + .eB !
without consulting an
advisor. u
I^5
There is no partner with Him
in (His) planning, nor is there I B 7 RzB"- G5 !
any discrepancy in (His) .u
I 0" K
a ! !
management.
He shaped whatever He
originated without @I l5 " ;q X {
\0) 5 ( Nv

a preexisting model,

Baqir (PBUH) said, “Allah is not recognized by analogy (between the

creations), nor is He perceived by senses, nor does He resemble
people. He is introduced by signs and is recognized by marks.” See:
al-Tawhid, p. 35, Hadith 2, p. 47, Hadith 9, and p. 108, Hadith 5,
respectively.
1
It refers to what Allah sustains in the Hereafter forever. This cannot
be compared to His Eternity, as He has no similarity whatsoever with
His creation, including His light, which is the light of the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) and His family (Ahl al-Bait (PBUT)).

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,R . and created whatever He

ET RE created without getting
S TS W5 Ua G5 0" 8 | 5 8 | !
AA assistance from anyone,
M
SI M burdening Himself, or having
H SI .@I ;\ ! f
a J / ! a )
any need to find out a
MH
A
I SII solution.
RE L He originated it (in His will),
VE A thus it came into being, and g/ 6]^
)
O SI He formed it (in His
HH
WT intention), thus it became .gF 6) 0 !
distinct.1
So, He is Allah, the One that
there is no god but He,
6 H" H" <
Who is proficient in skill,
and beautiful in action.
.U G ;"eNs WL
U G eNs W7\
He is the just Who never
oppresses, and the most }' ] ! (DB @+ G
generous to Whom all affairs (5+] ;H" :"&
are referred.2
I further testify that He is ■
■ [ ] N) < -) !
[Allah] that before His
magnificence everything is \ , G 43 - J%'+ : P

lowly, before His might
everything is humble, NAG 43 - J%'+ @c !

1
For the explanation of the will and the intention of Allah towards His
creation, see al-Tawhid, p. 334, Hadith 9; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 5, p.
102, Hadith 27.
2
cf. Chapter 57, Verse 5 of the Holy Quran.

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before His power everything ( 7+ 43 - J%'+ * L\$ !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
surrenders, and before His
awe everything yields. . \F;< 43 - J%'+ : [
| !
He is the king of all domains, t 5] z 5
the turner of the heavenly
bodies in their orbits, t ] z. 5 !
the dominator of the sun and
the moon, each of which " 7 ! k
" N^ Z9L
5 !
pursues its course to an X~ L
5 %I & ] "DB % '+
appointed time.
He makes night overtake
day, and day overtake night, (Z/ B ! (" <Ne X % ; (Z/ B
(each one) seeking the other 2l;l F+ # B %" ; X ( <Ne
rapidly1.
He is the destroyer of every
stubborn tyrant, and the a ;"e (I NF& .%'+ *v=
annihilator of every rebel- .a B"5 `a #;- .%'+ z <5 !
lious Satan.
Neither has there been any
opposing power beside Him, .p " ! p P
G5 W+/B *
nor any peer.

1
cf. verses 39:5 and 7:54 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . He is Unique and impenetra-

ET RE ble.1 He never begets nor is B * ! B * R v
R )
S TS
AA He begotten, and none can
M .R ) 2+'+ W+/B * !
SI M ever be a match for Him.2
H SI
MH He is the only God, the
A
I SII glorious Lord, Who wills, R &" 5 pV( ! R ! RH"
RE L and thus carries out, Who
VE A intends, and thus decrees,
[7 ; B"B ! [ ; 4x ^B
O SI
HH Who knows, and thus takes s; * GB !
WT into account.
He causes death and gives
life. He impoverishes and "ejB ! 7 B ! ";B ! g; B !
enriches.3 He makes (men)
laugh and makes (them) ! " B ! ] /FB ! z[B !
weep.4 [He brings near and ♦
drives away.]♦ He denies and .X# GB ! :e B ! [s7 B
grants.
For Him is sovereignty, so is
praise. In His hand is all ;9 ;0"
! z
goodness, and He is power- .RB = 43 - .%'+ X 6 !
ful to do everything.5

1
Allah is impenetrable (al-Samad) meaning that there is no way to
comprehend His Essence. On the meaning of al-Samad, Imam al-
Sadiq (PBUH) said, “It means the One that there is no entry in Him.”
(Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 82, p. 53).
2
cf. Chapter 112 of the Holy Quran.
3
cf. Chapter 39, Verse 52 of the Holy Quran.
4
cf. Chapter 53, Verses 43-44 of the Holy Quran.
5
cf. Chapter 64, Verse 1, and Chapter 3, Verse 26 of the Holy Quran.

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(" <Ne % ; B

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
He lets night enter the day,
and day enter night;1 there is
no god but He, the mighty,
%" ; ( <Ne B !
the oft-forgiving. .(j AB"AG 6 CH" H" C
He is the responder to 4? #G @+ A" D5 ! 4? ;"D5
supplication, open-handed in
granting, the enumerator of T
" ] s5
breaths, and the Lord of the
Jinn and the humans. .T
" Ne ! U NeD
" V( !
Neither does anything bring
difficulty for Him, nor does ! m4- ; %+ / ^B
the cry of those who appeal
for help annoy Him, nor does O
| " s\L v "D[B
the insistence of those who
insist exhaust Him or force O
Z SH" 5"FB !
Him to assent.
He (is Who) protected the O
Ns *vG
righteous, and gave success
to the prosperous. O
8. !
He is the guardian of the O
e"5 X5 !
faithful, and the Lord of the
worlds, O
G V( !
Who deserves that all His 8 | W5 .%'+ W5 N8
\$
creations thank Him and
praise Him [in any situation. @I .%'+ X ] B! /+ ^B ` )

1
cf. Chapter 57, Verse 6 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . I (therefore) praise Him and

ET RE
■
thank Him]■ in joy and 4? NNL X [+/-) ! )
S TS
AA sorrow, and in hardship and
M 4? |N ! b N ^
! 4? NN[ !
SI M comfort.
H SI
MH I believe in Him, His angels, ! F"\+' ! \/ E 0" ! 0" W5!+)
A
I SII His books, and His messen-
RE L gers. $(
VE A
O SI XH" (0)+ ! :;h)+ ! 5) : $)
HH I listen to His command,
WT obey Him, proceed towards
whatever pleases Him, and * L\$) ! PB 5 .%'+
submit to what He decreed, 2| ! \ h U2 Fq ( [=
longing for His obedience
and fearing His punishment,1 \0+7 W5
for He is Allah against N]
Whose schemes no one
should feel secure, nor /5 W5B
should anyone be in fear of
injustice from Him. .(& 9B !

1
This phrase, among many other pieces of evidence from the Quran
and the traditions, proves that, despite some unfounded claims, even
the best human beings were obeying Allah while fearful of His
punishment, though their major goal in worship was to thank Allah
for His blessings. See also Verses 76:7, 76:10, 6:15, 7:205, 10:15,
13:21, 14:14, 24:37, and 32:16 of the Holy Quran concerning the fear
of Allah’s best servants from His punishment.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Part 2
Preparation for
delivering an important
commandment from Allah
I confess before Him that
submissiveness befits my U NB FG"0 ?L X = )+
soul, and I bear witness that .U N;0"0"0 < -) !
Lordship befits Him.
I convey what He revealed to
me, lest should I not do it, W5 2( NH" X!) 5 Z )+ !
He may make lawful that a YU (" = e5 "0 %
\ % G ) ` )
calamity befalls me;
that which no one can turn g ,+ ` H" ! R ) Ze <G B
away from me even if he has ■
great schemes [and sincere [\ | gv
! ] \ ;
friendship]■, (for) there is no
god but He. 6 H" H"
He has informed me that if I . 0)+ * ` H" Z) "e ) = N]
do not convey what He has ♦
revealed to me [about Ali’s [wX Z8 ] NH" @ A ) 5
right]♦, (it is as if) I have not
conveyed His message at all. \$(" gj 0

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,R . Certainly, He, the most holy,

ET RE the most high, has guaran- XG ! t ( F W P
= !
S TS
AA teed for me protection [from ♦
M
SI M the (evil of) people]♦, and He
[T
" e W 5 ] U sG
H SI is Allah, Who is sufficient .d"/ / 6 !
MH
A
I SII and bountiful.
RE L Thus, He revealed to me (this
VE A verse): “In the name of
W" N *" L"0 :NH" X!]
O SI
HH Allah, the compassionate, the 5 . 0 @+ $N <B) B *" ;N
WT merciful. O Messenger!
Deliver what has been sent w z
Z0( W5 z
;H" @ A" +)
down to you from your
Lord—regarding Ali Ibn Abi
0") W" 0 Z G U
9
e"GB
Talib and his leadership— % G * ` H" !
I h
and if you do not, you have
not conveyed His message at z
s
GB ! \$"( g
j 0
all, and Allah shall protect
you from (evil) people.”1
.T
" Ne W 5
O people! I have never been
neglectful of conveying what
KNs= 5 "TNe - G5
Allah, the exalted, sent down NH" G @ A ) 5 " ; F
to me, and I shall now
explain to you the reason 6 @" !A
F$ *+/ RWZ;F5 ) !
behind the revelation of this
verse.
.U B

1
Chapter 5, Verse 67 of the Holy Quran.

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2 2(5 NH" r

F6 % ;E F& `H"

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Verily, Gabriel came down
to me three times giving the 6 ! Z0( }" NL W" "5]B
order of my Lord, Who is the
security (of the believers)1, 6 } +=) ` ) } NL
that I should stand in this
scene and inform everyone, !
;0) %'+ * +] < ^
white and black, that: $)
Ali Ibn Abi Talib is my
brother, my deputy and the |)
I h "0) W 0 N `)
executor of (my affairs) ♦
(Wasi), my successor [over
[\N5)+ X ] \ ; | ! Z;v
! !
my nation]♦ (Khalifa), and G0 W5 }5i" !
the leader (Imam) after me,
whose position to me is like
that of Aaron to Moses ` !(6 J%
5 Ze5 J
5
except that there shall be no . G0 NF" N) H" X$5 W5
prophet after me,
and that he is your guardian
(Wali) after Allah and His . $( ! G0 *+/;! 6 !
messenger.
Indeed, Allah, the most holy,
the most high, had (already) XG ! t ( F @ A ) = !
sent down to me a verse from : 0"\' W5 U2 B z
0" N
His book about this, saying,

1
cf. al-Tafsir, Ali Ibn Ibrahim al-Qummi, vol. 2, p 360, under the
commentary of Chapter 59, Verse 23 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE “Only your guardian is Allah ! +$( ! *+/;! NH"
S TS and His messenger and those
AA ` ;7B W B e5 W B
M
SI M
of the believers who
establish the prayers and pay *6 ! b 'NA ` B ! b Ns
H SI
MH the charity while they bow
A
I SII down.”1 .` G'(
RE L
VE A Ali Ibn Abi Talib [was the ♦
[]
I h "0) W0 !
O SI one who]♦ kept alive prayers
HH
WT and paid charity while 6 ! b 'NA X ! b Ns } =)
bowing down in ruku’. He
intends (the pleasure of) %& ! NA B"B R:' (
Allah, the mighty and the
majestic, in all situations.
.@I .%'+

1
Chapter 5, Verse 55 of the Holy Quran. Notice that in this verse,
Allah does not use the plural form of guardian (Wali), and He states
that only your Wali is Allah, Prophet Muhammad, and Imam Ali.
This implies that, at least for us, the Walaya of Imam Ali (PBUH) is
the same as (rather defined as) the Walaya of Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH&HF), which in turn, is defined as the Walaya of Allah. Hence,
when Allah states in Chapter 32, Verse 4 of the Holy Quran that
there is no Wali other than Him (min dun Allah), this does not
exclude whom He assigned as Wali. Alternatively, we can say that
there is no Wali other than those whose authority is from Allah (min
Allah). In this connection, Imam Ali (PBUH), said, “... Allah made
them (i.e. Ahl al-Bait) His authorized representatives, and defined
their Walaya as His Walaya and their party as His party and said, ‘As
to those who turn to the Walaya of Allah, His Messenger, and the
believers,- it is the party of Allah that most certainly triumphs.’
(5:56) He also said, ‘Only your guardian (Wali) is Allah, His
Messenger, and the believers who establish prayers and give charity
while they are bowing.’ (5:55).” (al-Tafsir, al-Nu'mani, as quoted in
Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 66, p. 80, and vol. 90, p. 55).

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I asked Gabriel to plead to G\LB ` ) % ;E F& g]$ !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Allah, [(Who is) the security ♦
(of the believers),]♦ to excuse c " ; F W [} NL]
*+/;H" z
me from conveying it to you,
O people, TNe <B)
due to my knowledge on the
fewness of the pious, the
O
7 N\ U 7 0" G
numerousness of the O
7 e b l ' !
hypocrites,1 the corruption
and the treachery of the O
@" qH" !
sinful, and the trickery of
those who ridicule Islam,
}" $"i"0 W B?4A" <\L %" \| !

those whom Allah described 0"\' *<v

! W B
in His book as: “They say
with their tongues what is k
; 5 *"<\eL
? ]0" ` ++7B *<N]0"
not in their hearts,”2 taking it ! 2eZ;6 FLB ! *"<0"+ =+
lightly, while it is a grave
matter in the sight of Allah,3 .R*;, e 6

1
The Holy Quran confirms that the majority of people are disbelievers
(cf. 13:1, 16:83, 17:89, 26:8, 30:8), wicked (6:116, 5:49, 5:100),
ungrateful (2:243, 7:10, 23:78, 27:73, 34:13), and consequently, will
abide in Hell (7:179).
2
Chapter 48, Verse 11 of the Holy Quran.
3
cf. Chapter 24, Verse 15 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . and due to their annoying me

ET RE on many occasions, so much
XN\ ba N5 ;q *6c) b l ' !
S TS
AA so that they called me (all) Z) ! 2+c)+ "N $
M
SI M “ear”, claiming I am so
H SI because of Ali’s frequent !
NBH" \5 5 b l / z
'
MH
A
I SII attendance in my presence
; F= H"
RE L and my attention to him,
VE A until Allah, the mighty and
O SI the majestic, sent down (the %& ! NA @ A ) XN\
HH
WT following verse) in this :z
c
regard:
“And of them are some who
annoy the Prophet and say: NF"Ne ` !+cB W B *<e5!
He is an ear (for accepting
what he hears, particularly .Y`c+ )+ 6 ` ++7B !
from Ali).
Say: One whom you call N) ` AB W B X ) Y`c+ )+ % =+
‘ear’ is best for you; He
believes in Allah, safeguards ! "0 W5B *+/ I ;| (Y`c+ )+
the believers, and is a mercy
for those of you who believe.
W B YU ( ! O
e5 W5B
And for those who harm the ` !+cB W B ! *+/e5 e5
messenger of Allah, there
shall be a painful torment.”1 .*;) RV *< @ $(

1
Chapter 9, Verse 61 of the Holy Quran.

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O
E7 Z $ )+ ` ) g- !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Had I wished to name those
who have called me so, to ` ) ! g;N L
*"<E $]0" z
0"
point out towards them, or to
lead to them by their signs, I K]5 !] *"<";]0" *"<;H" n 5 !+)
would have done so.
.g *"<; @) ` ) !
Yet, by Allah, I have *6(" 5+) ! Ze/ !
indeed dealt with their affairs
magnanimously. .g5N/ =
Nevertheless, Allah is not Ze5 XPB z
c %'+ !
satisfied with me until I
convey what He has sent NH" @ A ) 5 . 0)+ ` ) H"
down to me [regarding the ♦
right of Ali.]♦” . [w Z8 ]
Then, the Prophet (PBUH)
recited (again the following : N*+
verse): “O Messenger!
Deliver what has been sent
@+ $N <B) B
down to you from your z
Z0( W5 z
;H" @ A" +) 5 . 0
Lord—with regard to Ali—
and if you do not, you will w
not have conveyed His
message at all, and Allah
\$"( g
j 0 % G * ` H" !
shall protect you from (evil) .T
" Ne W 5 z
s
GB !
people.”1

1
Chapter 5, Verse 67 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE
S TS Part 3
AA Open declaration
M
SI M
!"
H SI of the leadership of
(') % & # $"
MH Ali Ibn Abi Talib
A
(PBUH)

I SII and the Imams after him *+ , # -.

RE L
VE A O people! Know that Allah
`) "TNe - G5
O SI has assigned him (i.e., Ali) as
HH a guardian and a leader for
WT 255H" ! 2;! *+/ Fs
=
you,

whose obedience is obliga- \h U2 P

\ 5
tory for the immigrants, the
helpers, and those who
(" s] ! W B"&" < X
follow (them) in goodness, `a L"i0" O
G 0"N\ X !
" P
! F X !
and for everyone, whether
nomad or city resident, Arab Z0" G ! Z D
] X !
or non-Arab, free or slave,
t + ! Z !
u
" F"/ ! u
" j Ns !
young or old,
white or black, and $] !
" ;0] X !
for every monotheist.
.a Z 5 .%'+ X !
His (i.e., Ali’s) decree is to
be carried out, his saying is += RAE& /
I 5
sanctioned (as law), and his 5) Y
command is effective.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Cursed is whoever opposes
him, blessed with mercy is | W5 Y`G 5
whoever follows him,
faithful is whoever
GF" W5 R}5
acknowledges his (virtues .=N v
W5 RW5 5
and rights).
Indeed, Allah has covered
him and those who listen to e5 : $ W ! q 7
him and obey him with . {
h) !
mercy and forgiveness.
O people! This is the last }I 75 | NH" "TNe - G5
stand I make in this gather-
ing; < ^ 6 5+=)
Thus, listen, obey, and " 5] !7 ! G;h) ! G $
submit to the command of
your Lord, .*+/Z0(
for Allah, the mighty and the *+'5 6 %& ! NA `i"
majestic, is your master, then ♦
[His Messenger]♦, Muham- *+/;! R N
5 [+$(] N*+
mad, who is now addressing
you, is your master. *+/ h9 *E7
Then, after me, Ali is your
master and your leader by *+/;! p G0 W5 N*+
the command of Allah, your *+/Z0( " 5]0" *+/55H" !
Lord.

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,R .
ET RE
S TS Then, leadership shall be in
AA
M
SI M
my progeny, within his ! W5 \NBZ(c+ U+ 5 5i" N*+
H SI offspring, until the Day you
.+$( ! ` 7 }I B XH"
MH meet Allah and His Messen-
A
I SII ger.
RE L
VE A Nothing is lawful except
O SI what Allah declared so (in ) 5 H" @
HH
WT His book), [as well as His ♦
[*6 ! +$( ! ]
Messenger, and them (i.e.,
the Imams)]♦,
and nothing is unlawful
except Allah declared so (in 5N 5 H" } !
♦
His book), [as well as His . [*6 ! +$( ! ]
Messenger, and them]♦,
(for) Allah, the mighty and
the majestic, has informed @
"e N %& ! NA !
me of the permissible and the }
!
forbidden things,
and I have made known to
him (i.e., Ali) what my Lord Z0( "e 0" g;[ ) ) !
has taught me of His Book,
the permissible, and the . ;H" 5 ! ! 0"\' W5
forbidden things.
O people! There is no
knowledge except that Allah *I W5 5 "TNe - G5
has kept its account in (the N s) = ! H"
heart of) me,

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and I have recorded the

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
details of all the knowledge \;s) 7 g . *I %'+ !
that I was taught, in (the
heart of) the leader of the .O
7 N\ }" 5H"
pious, (Ali (PBUH)).
Certainly, there is no
knowledge except that I have
taught it to Ali, and he is the
\ = ! H" *I W5 5 !
evident Imam [whom Allah ] O"F }5i" 6 ! 2;
mentions in the Chapter of
Yasin: “... And We have kept %'+ ! :kB b ( $ ' c
the detailed account of ♦
everything in an evident
[O
I F5 }I 5"H e;s
) 43 X-
Imam.”1]♦
O people! Do not stray from e J [
"TNe - G5
him, nor should you flee
from him, nor should you e5 !e !
refuse his guardianship and
his authority, . \B! W5 +/ e\L !
for he is the one who guides
to truth and acts upon it, and ! Z8
XH" <B <
crushes falsehood and
proscribes it, accepting no
X<eB ! % h F 86AB ! 0" %+ GB
blame, in the path of Allah, *I E U+ 5 +|] ! e
from any blamer.

1
Chapter 36, Verse 12 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . He is the first to believe in

ET RE
S TS Allah and in His Messenger; $( ! "0 W 5 W5 @+ N!) NH"
AA and he is the one who offered
M
SI M his life as a sacrifice for the . L
? e0" @ $( !
H SI Messenger of Allah.
MH
A
I SII [ I commanded him, on } eB ` ) W" 5)]
RE L
VE A behalf of Allah, to sleep in
2B % G XGD[5
O SI my bed, and he did it to
HH sacrifice himself for me.1]♦
♦
WT . [ L
? e0"
He was with the Messenger @" $( : 5 ` ' !
of Allah when no one among
men worshipped Allah in the $( : 5 FGB ) !
company of His Messenger
other than him. .;q @" &Z W 5
O people! Prefer him (over
all others), for Allah has "TNe - G5
indeed preferred him, and
turn to him, for Allah has
N[ 7 + Z[
indeed appointed him (as Fs
7 + F= !
your guide).

1
This refers to the night of migration of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) from
Mecca to Medina, when the pagans rushed to kill the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) in his bed overnight, but they found Imam Ali (PBUH)
sleeping in place of him.

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O people! He is an Imam

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
authorized by Allah, and W 5 R}5H" NH" "TNe - G5
Allah shall never turn to
anyone (in mercy) who
/ ) a ) X V
\B W !
denies his authority, nor shall jB W ! \B!
He ever forgive him;
this is a decisive decree by
Allah that He shall do so to
z
c % G B ` ) X 2 \
anyone who opposes His ; 5) f
| W 0"
command about him, and
shall torment him with the 2/ 20 0.G B ` ) !
most painful torment, which
lasts forever and ever.
(" 6 6 ! 0 0)
Hence, beware lest you +9 ` ) !(
oppose him, and thus, arrive
at a fire whose fuel is people TNe 6+=! 2( + s\
and stones, prepared for the
disbelievers.1 .W B" / KN )+ b+ ( D !
O people! By Allah, all early
prophets and messengers N^0 ! "0 TNe <B)
have given the glad tiding of .O
$ ! O
Z;F"Ne W 5 ` +N!]
my advent.
I am the seal of the prophets O
$ ! 4? ;F"] *| ) !
and the messengers, and the
proof (of Allah) over all the O
= + 9 :" ; & X U+ ND !
creatures, of the inhabitants
of the heavens and the earths. .O
P
( ] ! K
! NL %" 6) W5

1
cf. Chapter 2, Verse 24 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M He who doubts this, is indeed
H SI R ' < z
c Nz- W
MH a disbeliever, with the
A
I SII disbelief of the early era of .X!+] U N; 6 D '+
RE L ignorance.
VE A
O SI And he who doubts anything = W5 43 - Nz- W5 !
HH
WT of what I have said this
@ A" +) 5 .%'+ Nz- 7 6
(day), has doubted all that
has been revealed to me. NXH"
[And anyone who doubts any U N E] W 5 a ! Nz- W5 ! ]
of the Imams, has doubted ♦
them all]♦, and anyone who [*<e5 .%/+ Nz- 7
doubts us, shall be in the
Fire. .(" Ne e; tN^!
O people! Allah, the mighty ! NA "F "TNe - G5
and the majestic, has
bestowed this virtue upon me ! N e5 2e5 U ;[ < 0" %&
out of His kindness and His
grace. NH" e5 2L"H

And there is no god but He. Ze5

6 H" H" !
My praise is for Him forever
and ever, and in all circum-
W B"6 N 6 ! W B 0" 0)
stances. .@I .%'+ X !

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
O people! Prefer Ali (over all
others), for he is the best of
2; + Z[ "TNe - G5
the people, men or women, G0 T
" Ne %+ [
) Ni"
after me so long as Allah
sends down His sustenance @ A ) 5 Xl+) ! I ' c W5
and (and so long as) the
creation exists.
.8 9
7 0 !
Z
Under curse and again under
curse, under wrath and again RV[j5 RV[j5 Y`G 5 Y`G 5
under wrath, is he who
rejects this saying of mine
* ! 6 = N N( W5
and does not does not agree 7 B
with it.
Certainly, Gabriel has
informed me of this from W" " NF| % ;E F& `H"o )
Allah, the most high, Who :@+ +7B ! z
0" XG
also said:
“Anyone who bears enmity
against Ali and refuses his \B * ! 2; W5
authority, for him shall be ."F[
q ! \eG ; G
My curse and My wrath.”
Thus, every soul should look a j g5N = 5 Rk +,e\
to what he has sent forth for
the morrow. Be watchful of +9 ` ) +7N !
(your duty towards) Allah
lest you should oppose Him <F+ G0 R} = @A" \
and (your) foot should slip .` + G 0" RuF"| `H"
after its stability. Verily,

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,R . Allah is well-acquainted with

ET RE (all) that you do. 1
S TS
AA
M
SI M O people! He (i.e., Ali) is e& NH" "TNe - G5
H SI “the side of Allah”2 that is
MH mentioned in Allah’s Book. 0"\' ' c+
A
I SII
RE L He, the exalted, says, “Lest a Rk @ +7 ` ) :XG @ 7
VE A soul should (then) say: ‘Ah!
O SI Woe onto me that I abused ghN 5 X XL B
HH
WT and neglected (my duties
towards) the side of Allah.’”3 .
" e&
O people! Reflect on the ` +7 !N0 "TNe - G5
Quran and comprehend its
verses. Look into its clear XH" !+, ! B < !
verses and do not follow its
ambiguous parts,4 .<0"^\5 G"FN\ ! / 5

1
cf. Verses 59:18 and 16:94 of the Holy Quran.
2
Side is used to express extreme nearness. One’s side is the closest
thing to an individual. Imam Ali (PBUH) is called the “side” of Allah
because he got “close” to Him through obedience so much so that he
became the criterion of nearness to Allah and His recognition. In this
manner, nearness to Imam Ali (PBUH) indicates nearness to Allah,
neglecting his right indicates neglecting Allah's right, forsaking him
indicates forsaking Allah, and recognizing him in one's heart
indicates recognizing Allah.
3
Chapter 39, Verse 56 of the Holy Quran.
4
Allah states in Chapter 3, Verse 7 of the Holy Quran: “It is Him Who
has sent down to you the Book, within which are some clear verses
that are the foundation of the Book, and other verses that are
ambiguous. But, those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part
thereof that is ambiguous, seeking enticement and attraction (of
←

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for by Allah, none shall be

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
able to explain to you its ! &" ! *+/ W Z;FB W
warnings and its mysteries,1
nor shall anyone clarify its H" uL
? *+/ ZP B
interpretation, other than the ! NH" G s5 ! ;0" Y| )
one that I have grasped his ♦
hand, brought up beside [N ;0" G( ! ] [G0" Y%E-
myself, [and lifted his arm,]♦
the one about whom I inform 5 ge+' W5 `) *+/ G5 !
you that whomever I am his
master, this Ali is his master; 5 p <

people towards their own views), and searching for its hidden
meaning. But, no one knows its interpretation except Allah and those
who are firmly grounded in knowledge…” According to the
traditions, “those who are firmly grounded in knowledge” refers
exclusively to the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and his family (Ahl al-Bait
(PBUT)). cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 213, Hadiths 1, 2, and 3, Kitab Sulaim
Ibn Qais al-Hilali, p. 771, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 33, p. 155, also vol.
23, p. 198, Hadith 31, p. 201, Hadith 40, and p. 202, Hadith 46.
Moreover, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) has confirmed this exclusive right
for the Imams (PBUT) in the next sentence of the sermon by swearing
in the name of Allah.
1
The word Zawajir has a number of meanings. The first meaning that
applies here is “warnings”. The Holy Quran has hidden warnings that
only an Imam (PBUH) can show them to people, and people cannot
personally derive those divine prohibitions from the apparent
meaning of the Quranic verses. The second meaning is “deterrents”,
which refers to the difficult points in the Quran that deter individuals
from understanding their meanings. Only a divinely guided Imam
can explain these complex issues and mysteries.

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,R .
ET RE and he is Ali Ibn Abi Talib,
S TS
I h "0) W0 6 !
AA my brother, the executor of
M
SI M my (will), whose appoint- Z;v
! ! |)
H SI ment as (your) guardian and
MH leader has been sent down to W 5 5 !
A
I SII me from Allah, the mighty
RE L
and the majestic.
.N <A ) %& ! NA
VE A
O SI O people! [Indeed, I am "TNe - G5
HH
WT leaving amongst you two
weighty and precious things W; 7 l */+ ; Rt(" ZH"]
that if you adhere to both, §
you will never go astray.]§ [J [
W <" 0" *| ) ` H"

Verily, Ali and the pure ones ! W5 O

F"Z;# ! 2; `H"
among my offspring are the
lesser weight, and the Quran
jv] %+ 7 .l *6
is the greater weight. F' ] %+ 7 .l `+ +7 !
Each one [of the two]♦
informs about the other and ♦
W YnF"e5 [ <e5] a ! J%'+ !
agrees with it. They shall
never part until they return to =" \ B W R8 5 ! F" v
me at the Pool (of al-
Kawthar on the Day of .
N " B XN\
Judgement).
Behold! They (i.e., the Ahl
al-Bait (PBUT)) are the trustees 7 | 4x e5 )+ *<NH" )
of Allah amongst His
creation, and His people of . P
() / !
wisdom on His earth.”

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Thereafter, Allah’s Messen-
ger (PBUH&HF) took the upper [ X ;0" V
P
N*+
arm of Imam Ali (PBUH) by :@ = ! G
his hand, raised it, and said:
[“O people! Who has more
priority over you than W5 *+/0" ! W5 TNe <B]
yourself?” People said: .+$( ! := *+/L
? +
“Allah and His messenger.”
Then, he (PBUH&HF) said:
“Behold! Whosoever I am 5 ge+' W5 C) :@ 7
his master, this Ali is his
master. O Allah! Stay firm in 5 p <
supporting those who stay
firm in following him, be
! W5 @" ! N*<
hostile to those who are s ! W5 !
hostile to him, help those
who help him, and forsake *[.
| W5 @ + | ! s
W5
those who forsake him.]*
O people! This Ali is my
brother, the executor of my "TNe - G5
(affairs), the container of my Z;v
! ! |) p 6
knowledge, my successor
over my nation, and over the X \ ; | ! ! !
interpretation the Book of
Allah, the mighty and the V
" \' u
"L
? X ! \N5)+
majestic, and the true inviter . ;H" N ! %& ! NA
to its (implications).

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,R . He is the one who acts

ET RE according to what pleases V"( ! PB 0" %+ 5 G !
S TS
AA Him, fights His enemies,
M
SI M causes to adhere to His
! \ h X ! E ]
H SI obedience, and advises . \;s
G5 W 6Ne
MH
A
I SII against His disobedience.
RE L Surely, He is the successor of
VE A the Messenger of Allah, the
@" $( U+ ; | NH"
O SI
HH commander of the believers, < }5i" ! O
e"5 u5) !
WT the guiding Imam, and the
killer of the oath breakers, O
# $ 7 ! O
l' Ne %+ = !
the transgressors, and the
apostates.
.O
= (" !
I speak by the authority of @+ 7 @+ N FB 5 @+ +=) " 5]0"
Allah. The word with me
shall not be changed.1

I say with the command of
Allah:
:@+ +=) Z0( " 5]0"
O Allah! Be the guardian of
him who adheres to him.
! W5 @" ! N*<
Be the enemy of him who
bears enmity against him.
W5 !

Curse him who rejects him. / ) W5 WG !

Be wrathful towards him
who denies his right.
.7
& W5 X [q !

1
cf. Chapter 50, Verse 29 of the Holy Quran.

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Indeed, I have now fulfilled

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
(my duty). Indeed, I have gj 0 = ! ) gBN) = ! )
now conveyed (the Mes-
sage). Indeed, I have now
gG $) = ! )
made (you) hear (it). Indeed, gP!) = ! )
I have now clarified (it).
Indeed, Allah, the mighty @ = %& ! NA `H" ! )
and the majestic, so said, and
so did I on His behalf. .%& ! NA W" g =+ ) !
Indeed, there is no com-
mander for the faithful save
this brother of mine, and it is ;q O
e"5 u5) k
; NH" )
not permissible to call
anyone other than him with
b+ 5"H J%
! 6 |)
the title of “the Commander . " ;q a ] G0 O
e"5
of the Believers” after my
departure.1
1
In the traditions, the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and Imams (PBUT) have
stressed that Amir al-Mu’minin is the exclusive title of Imam Ali
(PBUH), and it is not at all permissible to call other Imams (PBUT) with
this title even though they were commanding the believers.
Moreover, the traditions specify two meanings for this title. The first
meaning of Amir is “the commander”, which comes from the root
Amara ( ). The word Imra ( ) that the Prophet (PBUH&HF) used
in the above phrase of the sermon also comes from this root, and has
the same meaning. Refer also to another narration from the Prophet
(PBUH&HF) in Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 37, p. 294, Hadith 9 for the
meaning of Amir in this sense. The second meaning of Amir given in
the traditions is “the supplier” or “the supplies”, which comes from
the root Mira ( ). The word Amir al-Mu’minin in this sense is
interpreted as “the supplier of divine knowledge for the believers.”
←

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA Part 4
M
SI M Announcing the perfection of #/0 1 2 !"
H SI religion due to Ali’s ap-
(') $" %34
MH pointment and reminding the
A
I SII $- 56 7, 28
RE L People of his virtues
VE A O Allah! (I testify that) You
O SI did send down [this verse
HH w U B] g
A ) z
NH" N*<
WT regarding Ali, Your author-
ized representative, at the z
F"s ! z
c O
" ;F e z
Z;!
time of the explanation of his □
authority and appointment [:}" ; < BH"
today:]□
“This day, I perfected your *+/eB *+/ g ' ) } ;
religion for you, completed
My favor upon you, and was \ G" *+/; g ) !
satisfied that Islam be your
religion.”1 .2eB } $"i *+/ g;P( !

The Prophet (PBUH&HF) has entrusted Imam Ali (PBUH) with the
divine knowledge. Then, all other creations, from the first to the last,
receive their share of divine knowledge through the light of Imam Ali
(PBUH). It has been narrated that Imam Ridha (PBUH) was asked,
“Why is Ali (PBUH) called Amir al-Mu’minin?” He (PBUH) answered,
“Because he provides them (i.e., the believers) with knowledge.
Haven’t you heard (a word with the same root) in the Book of Allah,
‘and we provide for our family (namiru ahlanaa)’ (12:65)?” (al-Kafi,
vol. 1, p. 412, Hadith 3). For more tradition in this regard, see Bihar
al-Anwar, vol. 37, p. 294, Hadith 8, p. 295, Hadith 11, and p. 334.
1
Chapter 5, Verse 3 of the Holy Quran.

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You (also) said, “If anyone

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
desires a religion other than " \FB W5 ! :g
=+ !
Islam (submission to Walaya
of Ali), never shall it be e5 % F7 B W 2eB }" $"i ;q
accepted from him, and in
the Hereafter, he shall be one .W B"$ 9 W 5 b | 6 !
of the losers.”1
O Allah! I implore You to
witness that I have conveyed .gj 0 = Z) t <" -+) ZH" N*<
(Your message).
O people! Allah, the mighty
and the majestic, has indeed % ' ) NH" "TNe - G5
perfected your religion
through his (i.e., Ali’s) \5 5i"0" *+/eB %& ! NA
leadership.
Thus, whoever does not
follow his example and the
example of those of my
W 0" ! 0" N*] B * W
children from his loins who ! W5 575 }+7B
will take his position until
the Day of Judgement— U 5 ;7 }" B XH" F" v W5
when deeds are presented
before Allah, the mighty and
%& ! NA X
" G !
the majestic—

1
Chapter 3, Verse 85 of the Holy Quran. On the commentary of this
verse, Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH) said, “It means: he who does not submit
to our Walaya.” (al-Manaqib, vol. 4, p. 283; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 23,
p. 358, Hadith #12).

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,R . they are the ones whose

ET RE deeds become vain and *<+ ) g#F" W B z
!+]
S TS
AA fruitless, and they shall be in
M .` ! | *6 (" Ne !
SI M Hellfire forever.1
H SI
MH “Their torment shall not be VG *<e f9
BC
A
I SII lightened, nor shall it be
RE L postponed.” 2 .` !,eB *6 C !
VE A
O SI O people! This is Ali, who
HH p 6 "TNe - G5
WT has been my greatest aid, the
most worthy of you before
me, the closest in relation
"0 *+/J7 ) ! *+'s)
with me, and the dearest to .N *+'A ) ! NH" *+/0= ) !
me amongst you (all).
Both Allah, the mighty and e ) ! %& ! NA !
the majestic, and I are
pleased with him. .` ;P
(
No verse [in the Quran]♦ has
been sent down expressing XP(" U+ B gA 5 !
(Allah’s) pleasure except that ♦
(in its absolute sense) it is ; H" [` +7 ]
about him,
nor has Allah addressed with W B
h | 5 !
honor “those who believe”
but that He meant him first, 0" ) 0 H" e5

1
cf. Chapter 2, Verse 217 of the Holy Quran.
2
Chapter 3, Verse 88 of the Holy Quran.

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nor has any verse of praise S

I 5 U+ B gA !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
been revealed in the Quran
but that it is in his honor, ; H" ` +7
nor did Allah testify Paradise
in (the chapter starting with) U NeD
"0 <" - !
“Has not passed over man a
long period of time”1 but for H" ` L"i X X) % 6
him, nor did He reveal it for $ <A ) !
other than him, nor did He
mean to praise by it save .;q <0" S
5 !
him.

O people! He is the patron of "TNe - G5

the religion of Allah, and the
one who argues on behalf of
W" B v 6
the Messenger of Allah. . @" $( W @+ D !

1
Referring to Chapter 76, Verses 7-22 of the Holy Quran: “They
perform (their) vows, and they fear a Day whose evil shall be
widespread. They feed, for the love of Allah, the indigent, the orphan,
and the captive, (saying), ‘We feed you for the sake of Allah alone;
no reward do we desire from you, nor thanks. We fear a Day of
severity and distress. But, Allah has kept away from them the evil of
that Day, and has offered them radiance and (blissful) Joy. And for
what they observed patience, He has rewarded them with a Garden
and (garments of) silk …”
,- + .+ /01 $%& ' ()! *+( # !"
/" = + >; ;< #- 4 65 78 9 - + :; 4 .+ %)! .+ 8 !+ 9 - *+( ; *;< #23 *,
*" 9 B78 #2 @ A
; 9 B)C! ' ,! D
!+E .)%! 9B? #* ? 20&
...1 F 8 0G

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M He is the pious, the pure, the 7 Ne 7 N\ 6 !
H SI guide, and the rightly guided. . < < !
MH
A
I SII
RE L Your prophet is the best wF" ;| *+/;F"
VE A prophet, the executor (of my
O SI will) over you is the best wv
! ;| *+/;v
! !
HH
WT executor and deputy, and his
4? ;v
!] ;| e0 !
sons are the best deputies.
O people! The progeny of "TNe - G5
every prophet was from his
own loins whereas my F" v W5 wF" .%'+ U+ NBZ(c+
progeny is from the loins of
Ali. .w
" v W5 \NBZ(c+ !
O people! Surely, Iblis (the
greater Satan) caused Adam
|) k
; 0"H `H" "TNe - G5
to be dismissed from the L

"0 U NeD
W 5 }
garden through envy.
Thus, do not envy him or *+/+ ) r
F\ ! L
your deeds shall be nullified
and your feet shall slip, .*+/5 = ) @A" !
Verily, Adam was sent down
" (] XH" r
F"6+) } `i"
to earth only because of one
mistake, while he was the 6 ! ba ! Ua ;#9
0"
elite of Allah, the mighty and
the majestic. %& ! NA b+ v

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How, then, will be your *+/0" f

;' !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
condition, and you are what
you really are, and among *\) *\) !
you are the enemies of
Allah? . 4x ) *+/e5 !
Indeed, none hates Ali but a
wretched person, none keeps p7 - H" 2; jFB NH" )
himself attached to Ali but a
pious person, and none has
p7 H" 2; B !
faith in his (virtues) but a .R 95 RW5 5 H" 0" W5B !
sincere believer.
And in the honor of Ali, by ! w !
Allah, was the Chapter of al-
Asr (Ch. 103) revealed: :" sG b+ ( $ gA
“In the name of Allah, the
compassionate, the merciful. *" ;N W" N *" L"0
By the Time (of rising)!1 I L| ` L"i `H" " sG !
Most surely man is in loss,
except those who believe, do + ! e5 W B H"
righteous deeds, and enjoin
on each other the truth, and Z8
"0 v ! K
Ns
enjoin on each other patience
and constancy.” 2 .FNs"0 v !
1
The time in this verse, as Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH) commented, refers to
the time of rising of Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH). cf. Kamal al-Din, p. 656,
Hadith 1.
2
Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH) interpreted these verses as follows: “Most
surely man is in loss, except those who believe in the guardianship
(Walaya) of the Commander of the Believers (PBUH), do righteous
←

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,R . O people! I have sought

ET RE Allah to be my witness and K < ^\$) = "TNe - G5
S TS
AA have conveyed my commu-
M .\$(" *+/\j 0 !
SI M nication to you,
H SI
MH “and the messenger is only @" $N X 5 !
A
I SII obligated to convey
RE L clearly.”1 .O"F
+ F H"
VE A
O SI O people! “Be cautious of "TNe - G5
HH
WT (your duties towards) Allah,
the caution that He deserves, 7 N8 +7N
and do not die except in the
state of submission.”2 .` L5 *\) ! H" NW C !

deeds, i.e., perform the religious duties, and enjoin on each other the
truth, i.e., al-Walaya (accepting the leadership and guardianship of
Ali (PBUH)), and enjoin on each other patience and constancy, i.e.,
urge their progeny and their next generation to it and to observe
patience in that path.” (Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 24, p. 215, Hadith 4).
I3 J 3 K
+ L+!M! %*+ & N O + P *! + 3 F+ ! " Q = +!) )!< R S T+U! ;V! ) <
U%)S = 9 [ E G J
3 0M!" G X F+ ! !" J 3 /WL !" G X Y Z+U !
.[,%& 0M!" [" 9 B+ :+ ( " = +
1
Chapter 24, Verse 54 of the Holy Quran.
2
Chapter 3, Verse 102 of the Holy Quran. Since one does not know
his time of death, this verse implies that one should always be in the
state of submission.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Part 5
Referring to the aims
of the hypocrites
#96 4 : 9 ; <= >
O people! Believe in Allah
and His Messenger and the ! "0 e5 "TNe - G5
light that was sent down with G5 @ A" +) (" e ! $(
him,1

“before We alter faces then 26&! k

# ` ) %" F= W5
turn them on their backs or
curse them as We cursed the
*<eG !) 6"(0) X 6Ne
Sabbath breakers.”2 .g
FNL V
v) NeG '
[By Allah! No one is
intended by this (latter) verse
25= CH" U B <"0 5 0]
except a certain group of my *"<E $]0" *<+" ) 0"v) W5
companions whom I know
by their names and their
" Ns"0 K5)+ = ! *"<0"L)!
lineage, yet, I have been ♦
ordered to ignore them.3]♦
[.*<e

1
cf. Chapter 64, Verse 8, and Chapter 7, Verse 157 of the Holy Quran.
The light mentioned in these verses has been interpreted as the 12
Imams (PBUT). cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 194, Hadiths 1-4. The Prophet
(PBUH&HF) also emphasizes this in the sermon shortly later.
2
Chapter 4, Verse 47 of the Holy Quran.
3
The Prophet (PBUH&HF) was not supposed to penalize people based
on what he knew of their future actions. He only warned them,
informed them of the consequences of such actions, and advised
people against the wrongdoers, in general. After all, this world is the
place of trial, in which everyone may choose between the path of
←

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,R . O people! The light (created)

ET RE by Allah, the mighty and the NA W 5 (e "TNe - G5
S TS
AA majestic, has been placed in
M w N*+ Rt+ L5 N %& !
SI M me, then in Ali, and then in
H SI his select descendants up to *" E7 XH" e5 %" LNe N*+
MH
A
I SII al-Qa’im al-Mahdi 1, who
Z8
0" + |]B Z <
RE L shall re-establish the right of
VE A Allah as well as all our .e 6 w8 .%/+ 0" !
O SI rights,
HH
WT because Allah, the mighty e G & = %& ! NA `]
and the majestic, has made
us (His) exhaustive argu- ! W B"Zs7 X U2 ND
ment against the neglectful,
the stubborn, the dissenters,
! O
9 ! W B "G
the treacherous, the sinful, ! O
, ! O
! O
e"E9
the unjust, and the usurpers
from all worlds. .O
G :" ; & W5 O
F"v
j
O people! I warn you that I "TNe - G5
am the Messenger of Allah.
There have been messengers @+ $( Z) *+'(+)
before me who came and
passed away. %+ $ F= W5 g | =

Allah and all other divergent paths, and thus prove what he deserves
of reward and punishment in the Hereafter.
1
al-Qai’m means one who shall stand (to establish the kingdom of
Allah on earth). al-Mahdi means the rightly guided. These are the
titles of the twelfth divinely appointed Imam, who is alive and
waiting for the command of Allah.

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Then, should I die or be g \=+ !) g5 ` i" )

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
killed, will you turn back on
your heels? *+/0"7) X *\F 7
And whoever turns back on
his heels shall not harm ;F7 X 7 eB W5 !
Allah in the least, and Allah
shall soon reward the
"AD;$ ! 2;- N[B W
■
grateful [who observe [.W B"0s] W B"' N^
patience.]■1

Behold! Ali is surely the one v 6 2; `H" ! )
described with patience and
gratitude, so are after him my
" / ^ ! " FNs"0
offspring from his loins. . F" v W5 ! G0 W5 N*+
O people! Do not think that "TNe - G5
you are doing a favor to
Allah by accepting Islam lest *+/5 $"H X e
His wrath should descend
upon you, and lest He should
*+/F;s; *+/; r
9 L;
afflict you with His punish- e W5 V
I G0"
ment; surely He is ever-
watching.2 . v "F NH"

1
cf. Chapter 3, Verse 144 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 89, Verse 14 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . O people! There shall soon

ET RE `+ +/;$ NH" "TNe - G5
S TS be leaders after me who shall
AA invite (people) to the Fire, (" Ne XH" ` B YUN E) G0 W5
M
SI M and on the Day of Judgement
H SI they shall not be helped.1 .` !seB C U 5 ;7 } B !
MH
A
I SII O people! Indeed, Allah and "TNe - G5
RE L
VE A I are both clear of them. .*<e5 ` B"0 ) ! `H"
O SI
HH
WT O people! They, their *6(s) ! *<NH" "TNe - G5
supporters, their followers,
and their adherents shall be *<;-) ! *< F) !
in the lowest depths of the (" Ne W 5 %" $] t (N
Fire; and evil, indeed, is the
abode of the arrogant.2 .W B"ZF/ \ l 5 k
F" !
Know that these are, indeed,
the People of the Sheet;3 so, U ;Ns Vv) *<NH" )
let each one of you look into . \ ;v
*+' ) +,e;
his own sheet (of deeds)!”

1
cf. Chapter 28, Verse 41 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. verses 4:145 and 39:72 of the Holy Quran.
3
By “the sheet”, the Prophet was referring to “the first cursed
covenant sheet” that five leading men amongst the hypocrites
secretly wrote and signed beside the Ka’ba during the Prophet’s
farewell pilgrimage. They took an oath among themselves that they
must never let the family of the Prophet (PBUH&HF) come into power
after his departure. cf. Kitab Sulaim Ibn Qais al-Hilali, pp. 597, 650,
and 820.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
(Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (PBUH),
here states that except for a small band H" T
" Ne X
6 @ =)
(who themselves were the People of
the Sheet) most people did not .(U ;Ns 5) *<e5 U2 5 c -
comprehend the issue of sheet).

O people! I leave the "TNe - G5

authority after me as
Imamate (leadership) U2 (!" ! U2 5 5H" <) ZH"
inherited in my offspring
until the Day of Judgement. .U 5 ;7 }" B XH" "F7
Certainly, I just conveyed
what I have been ordered to
j ; F\0" K5)+ 5 gj 0 = !
convey as an argument
I Eq ! I P
.%'+ X U2 ND
against everyone, be him
present or absent, a direct <" - WN 5 a ) .%'+ X !
witness or not, and already
born or not yet born.
. B * !) ! < ^B * !)
Hence, everyone who is
present should convey (this
sermon) to those who are
Ej P " . F;
absent, every parent should
convey it to his/her children,
!
(and they should continue to .U 5 ;7 }" B XH"
do so) until the Day of
Judgement.

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,R . But, (I have been informed

ET RE that) some people shall
<+ G D;$ !
S TS
AA replace this (divinely- .20s\q ! 2/ 5
M
SI M assigned leadership) with
H SI kingdom through usurpation. O
F"v
j W G )
MH
A
I SII May Allah curse the usurpers
.O
F"s
\j !
RE L and dispossessors,
VE A
O SI
And then, “We will soon
+ e$ 6 e !
HH settle your affairs, O the two
WT weights.” 1 .` 7l B) *+/
And (also), “on you O the
two (greatest enemies) shall /+ ; %+ $ B !
be launched a flame of fire
and a (flash of) molten brass,
RT ! (I W5 Y¡-
thus you shall never prevail.”
2
.` s\e

O people! Without doubt, %& ! NA `H" "TNe - G5

Allah, the mighty and the
majestic, does not leave you
*\) 5 X *+'( ; W+/B *
in the state you are now, ;

1
Chapter 55, Verse 31 of the Holy Quran. According to the traditions,
the “two weights” in this verse refers to the Quran and Ahl al-Bait
(PBUT). cf., al-Tafsir, Ali Ibn Ibrahim al-Qummi, vol. 2, p. 345,
Ta’wil al-Ayat al-Dhahira, p. 616.
2
Chapter 55, Verse 35 of the Holy Quran.

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until He separates the evil

" Z;# W 5 ¢
;"F9
A ; B XN\

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
from the good ones. Nor
does He make you ac- X *+/G # ; ` ' 5 !
quainted with (the knowl-
edge of) the unseen.1 .
" ;j
O people! There shall be no
(wrongful) community but Ua B= W5 5 NH" "TNe - G5
that Allah shall perish it due
to the rejection (of truth) by .<F"B/ \0" </+ <5 ! H"
its people.
Such is what Allah, the
exalted, mentioned (in His 6 ! +7 z <B z
' !
book) as to how He destroys .XG ' c ' YU £
the wrongful societies.2
This is your leader and your
guardian, and these are 6 ! *+/;! ! *+/55H" 6 !
Allah’s promises. Verily, ! sB ! ;5
Allah fulfills His promise.
O people! Most of the early
generations before you have *+/ F= %P
= "TNe - G5
strayed, and surely, Allah
destroyed them. He shall be
z
6) 7 ! O
N!] l' )
the One who destroys the .W B"| z <5 6 ! O
N!]
later generations too.

1
cf. Chapter 3, Verse 179 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Verses 11:102, 18:59, 22:45, 22:48, and 28:59 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE Allah, the exalted, states: :G @ =
S TS “Did We not destroy the
AA O
N!] z
< * )
M
SI M
former generations? So shall
We follow the same for later
H SI (generations). Such is how
.W B"| *<G"F\ N*+
MH
A
I SII We treat the guilty. Woe on .O
5 " D "0 %+ G z
'
RE L that Day to the rejecters (of
VE A truth)!”1 .O"0./ a 5 B Y%B!
O SI
HH O people! Allah gave me the
WT commandments and the
`H" "TNe - G5
prohibitions, and I gave them "< ! " 5 ) =
to Ali by the order of Allah.
Hence, the knowledge of all " 5]0" \;< ! 2; K5) = !
commandments and prohibi-
tions are with him.
. B " <Ne! " 5] * G
Thus, listen to his orders so
that you remain safe, obey L " 5] G $
him so that you are guided,
and leave what he prohibits ;"<e <\ ! ! \< G;h) !
so that you become mature. ! 5 XH" !uv ! ! -
Conform to what he wants,
and do not let different paths . ;"F$ W %+ FL *+/0" N \
separate you from his path.2

1
Chapter 77, Verses 16-19 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf., Chapter 6, Verse 153 of the Quran.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Part 6
Adherents of
Ahl al-Bait (PBUT) B- " (') ? @ A
and their enemies
O people! I am the Straight 1
+ v
) "TNe - G5
Path of Allah whom He
commanded you to follow,1 . FZ"0 *+' 5 ) *;7\L
and such after me also is Ali, G0 W5 p N*+
and then my offspring from
his loins, the Imams who F" v W5 ! N*+
guide with truth and turn
(people) to it.”2 .` + GB 0" ! Z8
"0 ` ! <B YUN E)
Then, the Prophet (PBUH&HF)
recited the entire Quranic ZV(
: ) = N*+
chapter of the opening (al- :@ = ! 6" | XH" O
G
Fatiha) and said:
“This (chapter) was revealed
in my honor and in theirs gA *"<; ! gA N
(i.e., the Imams’) generally .gNs| *6NBH" ! gN *< !
and specifically.
They are the authorized
friends of Allah, for whom C W B 4x ;!) z
!+)
there shall be no fear, nor .` AB *6 C ! *"<; R |
shall they grieve.3

1
cf. Chapter 6, Verse 153 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 7, Verse 181 of the Holy Quran.
3
cf. Chapter 10, Verse 62 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . Behold! Truly, it is the party

ET RE of Allah that shall prevail.1
.` Fj *6 V
A `H" C)
S TS
AA
M
SI M
Lo! It is their enemies who
%+ 6) *6 *6o4 ) `H" )
H SI are the dissenters, the
MH transgressors, and the `+ |"H ! ` !G
" 7Z^
A
I SII brethren of Satans, who
RE L inspire one another with *<[G0 B W B O
" h ;N^
VE A embellished vain discourses
O SI by way of deception.2
.2(!+q @" 7 |
I G0 "H
HH
WT
Lo! It is their close adherents ` e5 *6 *6o4;!) `H" )
who are the true believers,
whom Allah, the mighty and 0"\' *6' c W B
the majestic, mentions in His
Book saying: :%& ! NA @ 7
“You will not find any group
of people who (truly) believe ! "0 ` e5B 25= D
" C
in Allah and in the Last Day,
yet they love those who
N W5 ` !B " | }" ;
opposed Allah and His !) *6o40 ' ! $( !
messenger, even though they
were their own fathers, sons, *<u
^ !) *<|"H !) *6o4e0)
brothers, or kinsfolk; Those
(who meet this criterion) are
` ¤"i *"<0"+ =+
\' z
!+)
the ones in whose hearts He .U B " | XH"
has written faith ...”3

1
cf. Chapter 5, Verse 56 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 6, Verse 112 of the Holy Quran.
3
Chapter 58, Verse 22 of the Holy Quran.

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Lo! Their close adherents are

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
those whom Allah, the *<v
! W B *6o4;!) `H" )
mighty and the majestic, :@ 7 %& ! NA
describes as the following:
“Those who believe and do
not cover their faith with L"F B * ! e5 W B
injustice1, are the ones for
whom is the security (from
z
!+) *I ,+ 0" *<¤"H
Hellfire), and they are the .` ! \<5 *6 ! W5] *<
rightly guided.”2
[Indeed, their close adherents
are those who believed and *<E;!) `H" C)]
then have not entertained ♦
[0B *! e5 W B
doubt (in their faith).3]♦
Lo! Their close adherents
shall enter Paradise in peace
` + | B W B *6o4;!) `H" )
and security, and the angels U+ / E *67 \ ! O
e"5 U NeD

shall receive them with
greetings saying, “Well have 6+ | *\Fh ` ) *" ; LN\"0
you done! Hence, enter into
it to dwell therein forever!”4
.W B |

1
According to the traditions, injustice in faith, in its worst form, is the
recognition of the leadership of the enemies of Ahl al-Bait (PBUT).
Committing other sins in general is the lesser degree of this form of
injustice. cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 413, Hadith 3; al-Tafsir, al-Ayyashi,
vol. 1, p. 366, Hadith 49; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 28, p. 16.
2
Chapter 6, Verse 82 of the Holy Quran.
3
cf. Chapter 49, Verse 15 of the Holy Quran.
4
cf. Chapter 39, Verse 73 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . Indeed, their close adherents

ET RE are those about whom Allah, *6o4;!) `H" )
S TS
AA the mighty and the majestic,
M
SI M said, they shall enter %& ! NA @ = W B
H SI Paradise (where they shall (<; ` =B) U NeD
` + | B
MH
A
I SII receive sustenance) without
RE L having to account for .V
I L " ;j0"
VE A anything.1
O SI
HH W B *6o4 ) `H" )
WT Lo! Their enemies are ones
who shall arrive at Hell. .2uG$ ` + s
B
Indeed, their enemies are the
ones who shall hear the W B *6o4 ) `H" )
(terrible) drawing in of its
breath as it blazes forth, and
27;"<- * Ne< D
` G LB
therein shall be the heaving .Ru < ! (+ 6 !
of sighs and sobs.2
Behold! Their enemies are *<E ) `H" )
those about whom Allah
states: “Whenever a nation :*"<; @ = W B
enters it, it shall curse its
peer.”3 .<\|+) geG YUN5)+ g | '+

1
cf. Chapter 40, Verse 40 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 67, Verse 7 and Chapter 11, Verse 106 of the Holy
Quran.
3
Chapter 7, Verse 38 of the Holy Quran.

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Lo! Their enemies are those W B *6o4 ) `H" )

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
whom Allah, the mighty and
the majestic, describes as: :%& ! NA @ =
“Every time a group is cast
therein, its keepers shall ask *<]$ R <; 7 )+ '+
them, ‘Did no warner come RB *+/] B * ) <\A |
to you?’
They shall say, ‘Yes indeed.
A warner came to us, but we e0/ RB o4& = X 0 +=
rejected (him) and said,
Allah has not revealed
43 - W5 @ NA 5 e =+ !
anything;1 you are but in a .uF' @I P CH" *\) ` H"
great error.’
They shall also say, ‘Had we
listened or used our wisdom, 5 %+ 7 G !) : L Ne'+ += !
we would not have been
among the inmates of the .u
" GNL V
" v) Ne'+
blazing fire.’
They shall then confess their
sins; but far from mercy shall *"<F"0" + \
be the inmates of the burning .uGNL V
" v] 27L
fire.”2

1
This verse refers to the fact that rejecting the guardianship of Imam
Ali is equivalent to denying all of what has been revealed to the
Prophet (PBUH&HF), as confirmed earlier in the sermon. In other
words, saying, “Allah has not appointed Ali as the guardian and
Imam” is equivalent to saying, “Allah has not revealed anything.”
2
Chapter 67, Verses 8-11 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . In contrast, their close

ET RE W B *6o4;!) `H" )
S TS adherents are, indeed, ones
AA who fear their Lord in secret;
" ;j"0 *<N0( ` ^9B
M
SI M for them is forgiveness and a
H SI great reward.1 .RuF"' R&) ! Yb j5 *<
MH
A
I SII O people! What a great
RE L difference it is between the W ;0 5 ` N\- "TNe - G5
VE A burning fire and the great
O SI .u
" F/ " &]! ! u
" G NL
HH reward!
WT
O people! Our enemy is
whom Allah censures and eG ! N5c W5 ! G
curses, whereas our adherent
friend is the one whom Allah .NF ) ! 5 W5 e;! !
praises and loves.
O people! Behold! I am a "TNe - G5
warner and Ali is a guide.2
.a 6 p ! R( e5 ZH" ! )
O people! I am a prophet and "TNe - G5
Ali is the executor of my
(will). .Z;v
! p ! pF" ZH"

1
cf. Chapter 67, Verse 12 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 13, Verse 7 of the Holy Quran.

100

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Part 7
Mentioning
Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH)
(') C 28
Know that the seal of the Ne5 U N E] * | `H" )
leaders from among us shall
be the Qa’im, the Mahdi. . < *E7
He shall, most certainly,
prevail over (all) religious .W" BZ X 6, NH" )
(methods of life).
He shall definitely be the
avenger against the .O
, W 5 *7\e NH" )
oppressors.
He shall surely be the
conqueror of the strongholds .<56 ! ` s NH" )
and their demolisher.
He shall be, indeed, the %" 6) W5 Ua ;"F= .%'+ %+ = NH" )
destroyer of every polytheis-
tic group. .t Z^
He shall be the attainer of
vengeance for the blood of (I .%/+ 0" t"( NH" )
all representatives of Allah, .%& ! NA 4? ;!]
the mighty and the majestic.
He shall be the supporter of
the religion of Allah.
. W" B vNe NH" )

101

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,R .
ET RE He shall bring out (people’s
S TS
AA share) from (his) deep ocean
M .8I ; I 0 W5 Nj NH" )
SI M (of knowledge and divine
H SI resources).
MH
A
I SII He shall mark each man of
RE L distinction by his distinction %I [ c .%'+ *?LB NH" )
VE A and every man of ignorance . <D0" %I <& c .%'+ ! [0"
O SI by his ignorance.
HH
WT
Behold! He is the elite of b+ ;| NH" )
Allah, and Allah is his
chooser. .(\95 !
He shall be the heir of every
knowledge, and the one who *I .%'+ ¥
+ (" ! NH" )
shall encompass [every ■
■ [.*I < .%/+ 0"] r
+ ; !
perception] .
He shall advise and inform
on behalf of his Lord, the W "F9 NH" )
mighty and the majestic, and
shall remind about the
%& ! NA Z0(
matters pertaining to His . "¤H" " 5]0" ZFe !
faith.
He shall be the right-minded B NL ;-N NH" )
and unerring, to whom
authority shall be vested. . ;H" N NH" )
Behold! All former (proph- 0" N^0 = NH" )
ets) have given the glad
tidings of him. B B W ;0 f
$ W5

102

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Know that he shall be the

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
remaining proof (of Allah), U2 ND =F NH" )
after whom there shall be no G0 U ND !
(new) proof.1
There shall be no truth
except with him, nor shall G5 H" N8 !
there be any light (of
guidance) except at his . e H" ( !
disposal.
None, indeed, shall over-
q NH" )
come him, and none shall be
supported against him. . ; ( se5 !
He shall be the authorized
representative of Allah on P
() ! NH" ! )
His earth, His judge over His
creation, and His trustee in
7 | / !
His secrets and in what He . \;" ! Z$ e;5) !
made evident.

1
This phrase implies that there will be no Imam after the twelfth Imam
(PBUH). On the other hand, in the well-established belief of al-Raj’a,
it is confirmed beyond doubt that the 11 martyred Imams (PBUT) will
return after the rule of Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH). However, considering
the fact that they are not new Imams or proofs, but the previous
proofs who will return after Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH), resolves this
apparent conflict.

103

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M Part 8
H SI Exhorting people
MH to give their pledge
, . D 4 ;$" F
E
A
I SII
RE L O people! I have, indeed,
VE A explained for you and made
O SI "TNe - G5
HH you comprehend (Allah’s
WT commandments), and it is *+/\ < ) ! *+/ geN;0 =
this Ali that shall make you
comprehend (every issue) . G0 *+/ <" B p 6 !
after me.
Notice that at the end of my
sermon, I shall call upon you \F# | 4? [7 e ZH" ! )
to shake hands with me as
the oath of allegiance to him \G ;0 X \7 s5 XH" *+')
and the recognition of his
authority, and to shake hands . G0 \7 s
5 N*+ 0" (" = i" !
with him afterwards.
I have, indeed, sworn gGB0 = ZH" ! )
allegiance to Allah, and Ali
has sworn allegiance to me, "eG B0 = p !
and, on behalf of Allah, the
mighty and the majestic, I U G ;F"0 *+'+ | ) !
require you to swear the oath
of allegiance to him, (for :%& ! NA W"
Allah says):

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“Verily those who pledge

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
allegiance to you, they ` G"BFB NH" z
GB"FB W B `H"
indeed pledge allegiance to
Allah; the hand of Allah1 is *"<B B)
B
over their hands.
Thus, anyone who violates Ni" ¢
/ W
his oath has indeed violated
his (own) soul, L
? X ¢
+ /+ eB
and anyone who fulfills the
covenant he has made with ; 6 0" ¦!) W5 !
Allah, He shall soon grant . ;, 2&) ;;L
him a great reward.”2

1
“The hand of Allah” refers to Prophet (PBUH&HF) and Imam Ali
(PBUH). Those who shook hands with the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and
Imam Ali (PBUH), it was as if they shook hands with Allah. The hand
of Allah refers to the created power and mercy. Allah shows His
power through them. Likewise, Allah willed that His mercy should
reach His creation only through them. It is narrated that Imam Ali
(PBUH) stated: “Any verse in the Book of Allah in which one of the
words ‘eye’, ‘face’, ‘hand’, or ‘side’ is mentioned (for Allah), it
refers to the Wali (the divinely appointed authority).” (Bihar al-
Anwar, vol. 25, p. 173). The proof (al-Hujja) of Allah is His “hand”
of mercy over His creation, His “eyes” as witness over His creations,
and His “face” as the means of recognition, identification,
remembrance, and turning to Allah. Allah is far removed from
having organs, as He is the creator of the face, eye, and hand.
Whatever is other than Allah falls into the category of His creation
and Allah does not need any of His creation. He is Almighty, Ever
Hearing and Seeing without means. Yet, He has created means for
His servants, only through whom one can seek nearness of Allah. For
the description of “side”, see an earlier footnote.
2
Chapter 48, Verse 10 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M Part 9

H SI Finality of the religious laws 04/0 GH 0I J
MH
A
I SII and the role of the Imams 6 0-. = K
RE L
VE A O people! The greater and "TNe - G5
O SI the lesser pilgrimages, and
HH
WT (the mounts of) al-Safaa and Ns ! b G ! N
`H"
al-Marwa are among the
emblems of Allah; " EG- W5 b ! !
Thus, whoever goes to visit
the House in the season or at
other times, he is not wrong \ !" ) g
;F N W
if he repeatedly walks . <" 0" N#B ` ) ; S
e&
between the two (mounts of
al-Safa and al-Marwa).1
O people! Do make pilgrim-
age to the House, for no g
;F D "TNe - G5
members of a family went
there except that they ej\$ H" g
a ;0 %+ 6) ( !
became free of need [and ♦
! [!^0+) ! ]
e + 9
received glad tidings!]♦ None
failed to go there except that .!7\ H"
they were impoverished.

1
cf. Chapter 2, Verse 158 of the Holy Quran.

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O people! No believer stands f

= "0 f
= ! 5 "TNe - G5

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
at the standing place (of the
Arafat desert) except that f
$ 5 q H" RW5 5
Allah forgives all his past
sins until then. Thus, once
z
c \= ! XH" F"c W5
his pilgrimage is over, \ND g[7 ci"
(recording) his actions is
resumed. .+ ; f
"\$
O people! The pilgrims
shall be assisted, ` G5 ND "TNe - G5
and their expenses YU 9
5 *<7 !
shall be reimbursed,
and Allah shall not waste the
reward of those who do .O
e"L
? &) :;[B C !
well.1
O people! Perform
pilgrimage to the House g
;F D "TNe - G5
having perfected faith (with
Walaya of Ali) and deep J7 N\ ! W" BZ @" / 0"
understanding (of religion),
and do not leave the sacred
visiting places except after 6 ^ W" +" s
e !
repenting and desisting (from .{
I = H" ! Ua 0\0" H"
all sins).

1
cf. Chapter 11, Verse 115 of the Holy Quran.

107

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,R .
ET RE
S TS O people! Establish the "TNe - G5
AA
M
SI M
prayers and pay the charity
b 'NA ! b Ns ;=)
H SI as Allah, the mighty and the
MH majestic, commanded you. %& ! NA *+' 5 ) '
A
I SII
RE L 5 ] *+/; @ h ` i"
VE A But, if time lapses and you
O SI fall short or forget, then Ali
*\;?L !) *Ns7
HH shall direct you and shall
WT
explain for you. *+/ RWZ;F5 ! *+/;! p G
He is the one whom Allah,
the mighty and the majestic, %& ! NA Fs

appointed for you after me
[as the trustee of His
. 7 | O
5) ] G0 *+/
♦
creation. He is from me and I [e5 ) ! XZe5 NH"
am from him.]♦
He and those who will
succeed him from my §NBZ(c+ W5 f+ 9 W5 ! 6
progeny shall inform you of
anything you ask about, and
! e ` ]L 0" *+/!"F9B
shall clarify what you do not .` G 5 *+/ ` eZ;FB
know.

Certainly, the lawful and }

! @
`H" )
unlawful things are more
than that I could enumerate, <;s
+) ` ) W5 l' )
specify their limits, and urge X<) ! @"
"0 5 <Z )+ !
to or advise against them
each in this place. a ! }I 75 }"
W"

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Therefore, I was commanded
to take an oath of allegiance *+/e5 U G ;F | ` ) K5]+
and a covenant from you in
accepting what I brought you g&" 5 @" F70" *+/ U 7 Ns !
from Allah, the mighty and
the majestic, regarding Ali,
w %& ! NA W" 0"
the Commander of the 4? ;v!] ! O
e"5 u
" 5 )
Believers, and the executors
(of my affairs) after him who e5 ! Ze5 *6 W B G0 W5
are from me and from him,
O people! (By this appoint- "TNe - G5
ment) I have directed you to
every lawful deed and ; *+/\ @I J%'+ !
prohibited you from every
unlawful deed. .e *+/\;< }I J%'+ !
And I shall never take (my * ! z
c W :"&() * Zi"
word) back, nor shall I
replace it. .@ Z 0)+

Hence, remember and +, ! z

c !+'c )
safeguard it, advise each
other to it, and never
+Z F ! 0" v !
substitute nor alter it. .!Z;j !

I repeat the saying:

:@ 7 Z & )+ ZH" ! )
Establish the prayers, b 'NA ! b Ns ;=] )
pay the charity, enjoin
the good deeds, and forbid !G "0 !5) !
the evil deeds.
." / e W" < !

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,R . Behold! The greatest case of

ET RE !G "0 " 5] T
)( `H" ! )
S TS enjoining righteous deeds is
AA comprehending my saying, = XH" <\e ` )
M
SI M conveying it to whoever is
H SI not present, urging him to [B * W5 j. F !
MH
A
I SII accept it, and advising him F70" !5] !
RE L against violating it, for it is
VE A an order from Allah, the Ni" \ 95 W <e !
O SI mighty and the majestic, and
HH .Ze5 ! %& ! NA W 5 R5)
WT from me.
There is no (value or effect
for) enjoining (other) a !G 0" 5) !
recognized deeds and
forbidding the detested deeds
I / e5 W < !
except with (the recognition .}I sG5 }I 5H" : 5 H"
of) an infallible leader1.

1
The term “infallible leaders” refers to the divinely appointed leaders
whom Allah protected from sins. This term, however, should not
imply that they are unable to commit a sin; rather it means they
voluntarily seek Allah’s protection, and consequently Allah provides
them with His shield and protection which strictly hold them back
from sin. According to the Holy Quran and the traditions, whoever
truly seeks Allah’s protection, Allah shall protect him. For instance,
Allah, the mighty and the majestic, states: “And whoever seeks
protection ( ) from Allah, he will be, indeed, guided to a straight

way.” (3:101) He also states:“As for those who believe in Allah and
seek protection ( ) from Him, He shall soon enter them to mercy

and grace from Himself, and shall guide them to him (who is) a
straight way.” (4:175) Also, “Surely the watchful are in a secure
position.” (44:51) Moreover, “And whoever is careful of (his duty to)
Allah, He will make for him an outlet, and will give him from whence
he thinks not. And whoever trusts in Allah, He is sufficient for him;
←

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O people! The Quran

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
informs you that the Imams *+/+ ZG B `+ +7 "TNe - G5
after him (i.e., Ali) are his
descendants, and I have
! G0 W5 U N E] `)
already informed you that e5 ! Ze5 *<N) *+/\N !
they are of me and of him,

for Allah, the mighty and the @+ +7B ¢

+ ;
majestic, says in His Book,
“And He made that a Word
: 0"\' %& ! NA
enduring in his posterity,”1 F"7 U2 ;= 0 U2 ' < G & !
and I said: “You will never
go astray so long as you J [
W g =+ !
adhere to both (the Quran . <" 0" *\/NL ` H" 5
and my family).”
O people! (Observe) piety! 7 N\ 7 N\ "TNe - G5
(Observe) piety! And be
wary of the Hour2 as Allah, U NL !( !

surely Allah attains His purpose; Allah indeed has appointed a

measure for everything.” (65:2-3)
1
Chapter 43, Verse 28 of the Holy Quran. The “Word” in this verse
has been interpreted as leader (Imam) as well as leadership
(Imamate). cf. Kamal al-Din, p. 323, Hadith 8, p. 358, Hadith 57; al-
Tafsir, Ali Ibn Ibrahim al-Qummi, vol. 1, p. 313; vol. 2, p. 274. See
the Hadith that is quoted later in the footnotes concerning this verse.
2
The apparent meaning of the word “hour” mentioned in the Quran is
the “hour of resurrection” where as its hidden meaning is “the hour
of rising of Imam al-Mahdi (PBUH)” as interpreted by the Imams
(PBUT). cf. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 51, p. 49, Hadith 14 (on the
commentary of Verse 54:1), and p. 63, Hadith 64 (on Verse 19:75).

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,R . the mighty and the majestic,

ET RE :%& ! NA @ = '
S TS says,
AA
M
SI M
“Surely the convulsion of the
H SI Hour shall be a tremendous .R*;, m4- U NL U A `H"
MH thing.”1
A
I SII ♦
RE L Remember death, [resurrec- [ G ! ] K
!+'c
VE A tion,]♦ reckoning, the scales
O SI (of justice)2, and the call to W B" ! V
L
!
HH
WT account within the hands3 of ZV( B W ;0 U F$ !
the Lord of the worlds, and
the reward and punishment. .V
7G ! V
l ! O
G
Thus, whoever comes (to the
Day of Judgement) with a
righteous deed, shall be
<;
;)+ U eL

"0 4o & W
rewarded for it,
and whoever comes with an
(unforgiven) sin, shall not U Z;NL"0 4o & W5 !
have any share in the .R;s ` eD
" k
;
gardens.4

1
Chapter 22, Verse 1 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 21, Verse 47 of the Holy Quran.
3
See the previous explanation of the “hand of Allah” in the footnotes.
4
cf. Chapter 27, Verses 89-90 of the Holy Quran.

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
Part 10
Pronouncing the , !
covenant and taking
the oath of allegiance , LJ
"TNe - G5
O people! There are too
many of you to shake my "+7 s ` ) W5 l' ) *+/NH"
hand at the same time,
a ! g
a = ! a ! wf/ 0"
and Allah, the mighty and
the majestic, commanded me %& ! NA " 5 ) = !
to take verbal recognition
from you regarding what I ( = i" *+/\eL
? ) W5 | ` )
finalized (on behalf of Allah)
about Ali, the Commander of Oe5 u
" 5) w G K 7 0"
the Believers, and about the Ze5 U N E] W 5 G0 4o & W !
Imams from me and him
who shall succeed him, *+/\ ) 5 X e5 !
based on what I informed
you that my offspring are . F" v W5 \NBZ(c+ `)
from his loins.
Therefore, pronounce this in
one voice:
:*+/G &]0" ++7

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA
M
SI M
H SI “We heard, obeyed, are
MH satisfied, and are submitted ` G;#5 ` G5$ NH"
A
I SII to what you have conveyed to ` !7e5 ` P(
RE L
VE A us from our Lord and your
O SI Lord with regard to the z
Z0( ! eZ0( W g
j 0
HH authority of Ali, the Com-
WT mander of the Believers, and O
e5 "u5) w " 5)
the authority of the Imams .U N E] W 5 F" v W5 ! " 5) !
from his loins.
We pledge allegiance to you
in this regard with our e0"+ 7+ 0" z
c X z
G"BF
hearts, our souls, our eB B) ! e\eL
? ) ! eL
? + ) !
tongues, and our hands.
According to this, shall we K ! ; z
c X
live, shall we die, and shall
we be resurrected. ¢
+ G F !
We shall not alter, nor shall
we substitute, nor shall we
z^ ! @+ Z F ! Z;j !
♦
entertain doubt, [nor shall V ! [
DC!]
we deny,] ♦ nor shall we
distrust, nor shall we <G W :"& !
withdraw from the covenant,
nor shall we breach the pact.
.
l; +7e !

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[(O Messenger!) You advised

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
us on behalf of Allah _
0" e\, ! ]
regarding Ali, the Com-
mander of the Believers, and
O
e5 u
" 5) wX
the Imams after him that you K
'c W B U N E] !
mentioned to be of your
offspring from his descen- G0 ! W5 z
\NBZ(c+ W5
dants (who are): al-Hasan,
al-Husain, and whomever
W" ;L ! W" L

Allah shall appoint after . 6 G0 Fs
W5 !
them.
The covenant and the pledge Yc|]5 *< l; ! <G
are taken from us, from our
hearts, our souls, our eL
? + ) ! e"0+ =+ W5 Ne5
tongues, our minds, and our
hands. .eB B) ! " E P
! e\eL
? ) !
Anyone (of us) who can
reach him shall shake his ;0" <'( ) W5
hand, otherwise he shall
affirm the covenant by his "L 0" <"0 N= ) 7 H" !
tongue. We shall not seek ! C2 0 z
"0 j \F !
any substitute for it, nor shall ♦
Allah see in our souls any . [C2 e?L+ ) W5 B
diversion from it.]♦1

1
We have mentioned the part within the brackets from al-Yaqin due to
the greater fluency of its narration. The original text of this part
according to the narration in al-Ihtijaj is as follows: “We obey Allah,
and obey you and Ali, the Commander of the Believers, and his
descendants, whom as you mentioned, are from your offspring from
his loins after al-Hasan (PBUH) and al-Husain (PBUH).”—I have
←

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,R . We shall convey the same on

ET RE your behalf to anyone, near "N z
e z
c Z W
S TS
AA or far, among our offspring
M e;6) ! !) W5 v
7 !
SI M and our people,
H SI
MH We take Allah as witness to z
"0 <" ^ !
A
I SII this, and surely Allah suffices
RE L as witness. 2 ;"<- "0 X' !
VE A
O SI
HH
WT

already informed you of the position of al-Hasan and al-Husain to

me, and their status before Allah. Verily, they are the chiefs of the
youth of Paradise. Indeed, they both are Imams after their father, Ali,
and I am their father prior to him—Thus say: “We obey Allah, and
obey you, Ali, al-Hasan, al-Husain, and the Imams that you
mentioned, based on the covenant and the pledge that are taken from
us for the Commander of the Believers, from our hearts, our souls,
our tongues, and through handshaking for him who can reach his
hand to them both (the Prophet (PBUH&HF) and Imam Ali (PBUH)), or
else through affirming by tongue. We shall not seek any substitute for
it, nor shall we ever let our souls deviate from it.”
! " " # %$ & ' ( *)+,-. " / ,01 " 2 - 3 ,01 "
* <$ % " =!%. * -8 " >% * 1*4 45 . ! 6 $ ,7 8 " $ 7 8 ! / 9 2 :$- ;

*$ ,$9( ! / 9 D **E$ * 1$? " %F G$ H ( I$ *:J !,K * 1$E5 . 4,?$ @ A( ! B 5 >9
" ,7 8 " 78 " *)+,-. " P * ?$ " 9$ 2 - *%/ O ( LLB5 .2 -:6 *H L9( *1( " MN>-.
" *%%7 Q ( " *%7 Q R1( " *%9$L-6 # %$ & '$ )LS *)6*T, " )!. MU
W1 * " X) ! 9 9$ >Y:1 * 2 1$*7-9$ *$ 9$ 6( " ! ,9$ * A ( *% ! ( B 5*V
)!9( X) L Z 2 %. *%7Q R1(

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J%'+ ! R ;"<- 0" e; g

) !

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
You are also witness over us;
so are anyone who obeyed,
visible or covered, Allah’s \\$ ! < £ WN 5 {
h) W5
Angels, His forces, and His ;"F ! e& ! U+ / E 5 !
servants. And Allah is
greater than every witness.” .a ;"<- .%'+ W5 F' ) !

O people! What do you say? ` ++7 5 "TNe - G5

Verily, Allah is well-aware
of every voice and the
K
a v %'+ * GB `i"
secrecy of every soul; .k
I .%'+ U ; | !
“He who accepts guidance, it
is to the benefit of his own L
? e \6 W"
soul, and he who goes astray, .<; J%[
B Ni" %P
W5 !
does so to his own loss.”1
Those who pledge fealty,
they indeed pledge fealty to :"BFB Ni" : B0 W5 !
Allah; the hand of Allah is .*"<B B)
B
over their hands.2

1
Chapter 39, Verse 41 of the Holy Quran.
2
cf. Chapter 48, Verse 10 of the Holy Quran.

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,R .
ET RE O people! Be mindful of +7N "TNe - G5
S TS Allah, give your oath of
AA O
e"5 u
5 ) 2; G"B0 !
M
SI M
allegiance to Ali, the
Commander of the Believers,
H SI may Allah’s blessings be
; K v

MH
A
I SII upon him, to al-Hasan and W ;L ! W L

!
RE L al-Husain, and to the Imams ♦
VE A [from them]♦, [*<e5] { U N E] !
O SI
HH a goodly Word, that is
WT enduring.1
U2 ;= 0 U2 FZ;h U2 '
Allah shall cause whoever
acts treacherously to perish ( q W5 z <B
and shall have mercy on .X! W5 *B !
whoever remains loyal.
“Thus, anyone who violates ¢
+ /+ eB Ni" ¢
/ W
his oath has indeed violated
his (own) soul, L
? X
and anyone who fulfills the
covenant he has made with ; 6 0" ¦!) W5 !
Allah, He shall soon grant . ;, 2&) ;;L
him a great reward.”2

1
This phrase refers to the Verse 28, Chapter 43 of the Holy Quran,
where Allah states, “(Allah) made it a Word, enduring in his
posterity…” On the commentary of this verse, Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH)
said, “This (word) means leadership (Imamate), which Allah has
placed it in the offspring of al-Husain (PBUH) until the Day of
Judgement.” (Kamal al-Din, p. 358, Hadith 57; Bihar al-Anwar, vol.
24, p. 177, Hadith 8).
2
Chapter 48, Verse 10 of the Holy Quran.

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"TNe - G5

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
O people! Say what I told
you, and greet Ali with the
title of “The Commander of
! *+/ g =+ ++=
the Believers.” .O
e"5 b 5"i0" w X . $
And also say: “We listened,
and obeyed, Your forgive- eGh) ! eG $ :++= !
ness (do we seek), Our Lord,
and towards Your (reward or
eN0( z
q+
punishment) is the eventual .us z
;H" !
turn.”1

And say: “Praise be to Allah

:++= !
who has guided us to this.
Never could we be guided

\<e Ne'+ 5 ! < 6
had Allah not guided us.”2 . 6 ` ) C

1
Chapter 2, Verse 285 of the Holy Quran. For the usage of term
“Masir” for Paradise and Hell, refer to verses 25:15 and 14:30 of the
Holy Quran, respectively.
2
Chapter 7, Verse 43 of the Holy Quran.

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,R . O people! Without doubt, the

ET RE merits of Ali Ibn Abi Talib in Z % E[ `H" "TNe - G5
S TS
AA the sight of Allah, the mighty
M
SI M and the majestic, which are
! NA e
I h "0) W" 0
H SI indeed revealed in the Quran, ` +7 <A ) = ! %&
MH
A
I SII are more numerous than I
RE L could recount in one speech; }I 75 <;s
+) ` ) W5 l' )
VE A thus, whenever someone
<0" *+']F) W a !
O SI relates them to you and
HH acquaints (you) with them,1
WT .+=Z s
< N !
believe him.2
O people! Whoever obeys ! :" # B W5 "TNe - G5
Allah, His Messenger, Ali,
and the Imams that I W B U N E] ! 2; ! $(
mentioned, has indeed
achieved a great prosperity.3 .2 ;, 2 7 *<'c

1
This phrase can be read in two ways with different meanings. The
word (with accent) means “and introduced them”, but
(without accent) means “while cognizant of them”.
2
There are numerous traditions from different Imams (PBUT) to this
effect: “Do not call us Lords (Arbab), but (other than this) tell
anything you wish in our merits, because you will never reach the
depth of the merits that Allah has bestowed upon us.” cf. Bihar al-
Anwar, vol. 25, p. 270, Hadith 15; p. 273, Hadith 20; p. 279, Hadith
22; p. 283, Hadith 30; p. 289, Hadith 45; vol. 26, pp. 2-6, Hadith 1;
vol. 47, p. 68, Hadith 15.
3
cf. Chapter 33, Verse 71 of the Holy Quran.

120

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êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
O people! The foremost from
among you in paying XH" ` +70"NL "TNe - G5
homage to him, (truly)
accepting his guardianship, ; *" ; LN\ ! 5 ! \G BF5
and greeting him as “the *6 z
!+) O
e"5 b 5"i0"
Commander of the Believ-
ers” are the winners of the .*" ;GNe K
Ne& ` !AE
gardens of bliss.

O people! Say what makes XPB 5 ++= "TNe - G5

Allah be pleased with you, @" 7 W 5 *+/e 0"

and (know that) if you and ! *\) !+/ ` i"

all the people on earth
disbelieve, it shall not harm
2G; &
" (] W5
Allah in the least. .2;- N[B W
O Allah! Forgive the
believers [through what I O
e"5 q N*<
♦
have conveyed and com- [K5) ! gBN) 0"]
manded,]♦
♦
and let Your Wrath descend [W B D] X [q !
upon those [who deny]♦ and
disbelieve, W B" /
and praise belongs to Allah,
the Lord of the worlds.
.O G ZV(
!

121

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,R .
ET RE
S TS
AA Endnotes
M
SI M
H SI The marks that appear in the text show the choice of
MH
A
I SII
phrases from the following books, which have minor
RE L differences in wording from the original text of al-Ihtijaj,
VE A narrated from Imam al-Baqir (PBUH). The marked phrases
O SI either do not appear in al-Ihtijaj, or have slightly different
HH
WT wordings:
♦
According to al-Yaqin, pp. 343-361, narrated from Imam
al-Baqir (PBUH).
■
According to Rawdhat al-Wa’idhin, part 1, pp. 89-99,
narrated from Imam al-Baqir (PBUH).
* According to Iqbal al-A’mal, p. 456, narrated from
Hudhaifa Ibn Yamaan. Notice that in al-Ihtijaj, this part
is divided into two sections, which are a few sentences
away from each other. This part has also been narrated
separately through numerous authorities from many of
the Imams (PBUT). cf. al-Kafi, vol. 1, p. 295, Hadith 3
(narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (PBUH)); al-Tafsir, al-
Ayyashi, vol. 1, p. 332, Hadith 153 (narrated from Imam
al-Baqir (PBUH)); Tafsir al-Imam al-Askari (PBUH), p.112,
Hadith 58 (narrated from Imam al-Kadhim (PBUH)); Bihar
al-Anwar, vol. 37, pp. 118-222, Ahadith 7-90, from
numerous authorities.
§
According to Iqbal al-A’mal, p. 454, narrated from
Hudhaifa Ibn Yamaan. This part has also been narrated

122

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separately through numerous Shia and Sunni authorities.

êüìß@ïÜÇ@a‰èÏ@êüìß@oä×@åß
For the detailed Shia and Sunni references in this regard,
see Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 23, Book of Imama, section 7,
pp. 104-147.
□
According to al-Tahsin, p. 584, narrated from Zaid Ibn
Arqam.

123

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Ghadir Khum: Muhammad's Last Sermon

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Ghadir Khum: Muhammad's Last Sermon

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Introduction & Translation by:

Naba Cultural Organization

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‫ ق‬11 -‫ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺠﺮت‬53 ،‫ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﺳﻼم‬،(‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ )ص‬

، The Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HF) at Ghadir Khum :‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ب‬

.‫ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬-‫ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‬.‫ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻏﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ‬:‫ ﻋﻨﻮان‬.‫ج‬

‫ م‬84 -33262 ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان‬

THE SERMON OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH&HF) AT GHADIR KHUM

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“Certainly, I just conveyed what I have

— A part of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH&HF)

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To the Most Truthful,

Ali Ibn Abi Talib,

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Our obligations towards the sermon and the event .................. 18

Some statistics about the text of the sermon ............................ 31

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An overview of the sermon ...................................................... 33

THE SERMON OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH

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The Ghadir event and its significance

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Day of Judgement. This emphasis naturally implies that

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,R . religion and the fruit of the entire efforts of Prophet

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forever as mentioned in the Holy Quran.1 It is narrated that

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What does the sermon establish for Ali (PBUH)?

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,R . By considering the issue of successorship to be a matter of

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them as the center of truth, evaluate everything by their

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,R . authority of Imam Ali (PBUH) and his pure descendants is

The rights and virtues of Imam Ali and other Imams

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,R . deputies of all the prophets (most of whom were

14- The title of “the Commander of the Believers”

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the last divinely appointed Imam. The earth will never

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,R . among His creation, and His exhaustive arguments

His followers, his enemies, and their fate

limited to denying any opposite in Him. In other words, we should

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1- Those who acknowledge the authority of Imam Ali

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,R . 7- The friends of Imam Ali (PBUH) are those who believe in

The Ghadir event leaves no excuse

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(PBUH&HF),other members of Ahl al-Bait (PBUT)1 emphasized

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,R . '!#" 45 m" % ,

Our obligations towards the sermon

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the final religion of Allah. It offers the ultimate divine

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,R . toward) Allah. Verily, Allah hears and knows all

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“Say, ‘If you truly love Allah, follow me; Allah

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,R . Learning, acknowledging, and protecting

Acting upon the instructions of

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1- We heard and understood the divine message

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,R . The Messenger of Allah (PBUH&HF) stated that those who

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,R . '!#" 45 m" % ,

,R . A '[- 'T% D6 C

Sublime is His authority, "# $ %& !

His knowledge encompasses 2 43 - .%/+ 0" 1

He sees all eyes, and eyes do WI ; %'+ _

He comprehends the secrets, ENL * <" =

I testify that He is Allah, 6N ] 5 y

before His power everything ( 7+ 43 - J%'+ * L\$ !

(" <Ne % ; B