MODULE 2: TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LITERACY SKILLS AND

TEACHING RESOURCES

A. Strategies for the Development of Emergent Literacy Skills and Teaching Resources
1. Pictures and objects. Establish predictable routines through pictures and other objects.
2. Letters and words. Create a communication-rich environment with meaningful activities in the
natural context.
3. Sounds. Provide concrete language-embedded experiences.
4. Read aloud experiences. Read aloud!
it is important to follow a few basic tips.
 Reading a book with a young child should be fun for both the adult and child.
 Choose a book that relates to the child's own experiences.
 Read at a pace that is appropriate to the child.
 Provide props to supplement the illustrations. Concrete objects, movements, and sounds may
all be helpful.
 Modify the book to meet a child's individual needs and interests. Add texture, color, tactile
cues, or anything to enhance the experience and make the book more accessible to the child.

B. Beginning Reading Skills and Teaching Resources

How does the brain acquire basic literacy skills? The generally agreed building blocks of reading
include phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.
Basic Literacy Skills or Beginning Reading Skills
1. Phonemic Awareness. It is the ability to hear, identify, manipulate, and substitute
phonemes
2. Phonics Instruction. It is the ability to understand that there is a predictable relationship
between phonemes (sounds) and graphemes (the letters that represent those sounds in
written language) in order to associate written letters with the sounds of spoken language.
3. Fluency Instruction. It is the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and expressively, either
to oneself or aloud.
4. Vocabulary Instruction. It is the growing, stored compilation of words that students
understand and use in their conversation (oral vocabulary) and recognize in print (reading
vocabulary).
5. Comprehension Instruction. It is the ability to understand, remember, and make meaning of
what has been read—this is the purpose for reading.
Participatory Approach
Participatory approaches encourage people to think for themselves. number of people must work
together to resolve a common problem.
Goals of Participatory Approach
1. To have every student, as well as the teacher, actively participate in the classroom activities.
2. To change the role of the teacher, instead of us giving instructions and then stepping back to
allow students to work, the teacher works together with the students.
3. To force us to practice our micro-teaching skills, as we help learners to accomplish the goals that
we set
4. To use realistic materials, because we are training students for realistic situations. For large
classes it is IMPOSSIBLE to give each student individual attention. So, we have students work in pairs or
small groups, and give attention to the groups.
 5. To include extra-textual components among our activities such as pictures, logos or objects, to
reflect the realistic nature of the activities.

Advantages and disadvantages of participatory approaches to learning

Advantages
 They use inexpensive resources.  They can be used in any physical setting.
 They are interesting and fun- helping to involve people in the subject.
 They help people to build self-confidence.  They help people to learn about themselves.
 They help people to understand the perspectives of others.
 Participants with different degrees of experience and literacy can use them.
 They prevent individuals from being singled out for what they know, or don't know.
 They are less intimidating for less confident participants.  They can help people to analyze
complex situations.
 Outcomes are often documented during the process and do not depend on jargon.
 They are memorable.
 Lessons learnt can be brought back to local communities or organizations.
Student-led learning helps ease student transition from the classroom to life after school.
Creating a student-led classroom
1. Rearrange the classroom
2. Develop self-awareness
3. Use individualized learning applications
4. Aim for conceptual understanding
5. Encourage reflection
Principles and Elements in Constructing a Lesson in Cooperative Learning Model
1. Positive interdependence.
2. Individual accountability
3. Face-to-face promotive interaction
4. Appropriate use of social, interpersonal, collaborative and small-group skills
5. Group processing
2. INQUIRY-BASED CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT
Emphasizes the student’s role in the learning process and approaches to learning, including small-
group discussion and guided learning.
We retain 75% of what we do compared to 5% of what we hear and 10% of what we read
The Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learn
1. Enhances learning experiences for children.
2. Teaches skills needed for all areas of learning.
3. Fosters curiosity in students.
4. Deepens students’ understanding of topics.
5. Allows students to take ownership of their learning.
6. Increases engagement with the material.
7. Creates a love of learning.
The 5 Steps of Inquiry-Based Learning
1. Ask questions
2. Probe into various situations
3. Conduct analyses and provide descriptions
4. Communicate findings, verbally or in writing
5. Think about the information and knowledge obtained
 The 4 Forms of Inquiry
1. Confirmation inquiry.
2. Structured inquiry
3. Guided inquiry
4. Open inquiry
3. COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
20 Collaborative Learning Tips and Strategies for Teachers
1. Establish clear group goals.
2. Keep groups midsized.
3. Establish flexible group norms.
4. Build trust and promote open communication.
5. For larger tasks, create group roles.
6. Create a pre-test and post-test.
7. Consider the learning process itself as part of assessment.
8. Consider using different strategies, like the Jigsaw technique.
9. Allow groups to reduce anxiety.
10. Establish group interactions.
11. Use real-world problems.
12. Focus on enhancing problem-solving and critical thinking skills.
13. Keep in mind the diversity of groups.
14. Consider demographics.
15. Use scaffolding
16. Include different types of learning scenarios.
17. Technology makes collaborative learning easier.
18. Avoid ‘bad group work’.
19. Be wary of ‘group think‘.
20. Value diversity.
Benefits of Collaborative Learning
1. Turns learning into a truly active process.
2. Promotes learning from others viewpoints.
3. Teaches how to think critically and quickly.
4. Promotes listening to criticism and advice.
5. Develops public speaking and active listening skills.
6. Improves cooperation.
4.HIGHER- ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) ACTIVITIES
skills that go beyond memorizing information or regurgitating stories.
Concepts
It helps us to organize our thinking.
concrete, abstract, verbal, nonverbal, and process.
Schemas
Pattern or arrangement of knowledge that a person already has stored in his brain that helps him
understand new information.
Metaphors, similes, and analogies
Visualization
Inference
Problem solving
Idea generation
Insights
Original Ideas
Brainstorming
Critical thinking
Creativity
Successful Intelligence
three kinds of intelligence: analytical-uses critical thinking, creative-who see things differently, and
practical.
5.CREATIVE LEARNING
Role and Importance of Creativity in Classroom
1. Learn with fun.
2. Freedom of Expression.
3. Emotional Development.
4. Enhances Thinking Capability.
5. Reduced Stress and Anxiety.
6. Boosts Problem Solving Skills.
7. Improves Focus and Attention.
8. Better Communicators.
9. Follow Passions.
10. Future Opportunities.
11. Innovative Mindset.
12. Drive Lifelong Learning.