The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Express view on US-China climate talks: Welcome thaw

The talks last week between US climate envoy John Kerry and Chinese officials did not yield any
agreement. They ended with Chinese President Xi Jinping reasserting that China will reduce
carbon emissions at its own pace. Yet, the fact that the two highest GHG emitters have gone back
to the negotiating table is a development of note. The talks had been suspended after the
Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi, visited Taiwan, over which China
claims sovereignty, last year. The two sides have indicated that they would continue to hold talks
over cutting coal and methane use — a big sticking point in Sino-American climate ties. They have
much work to do if global warming has to be contained with the Paris Pact’s target of 1.5 degrees
Celsius. China’s climate targets are, by all accounts, consistent with a 3 degrees Celsius uptick in
global temperatures above pre-industrial levels. The US’s climate ambition would lead to a
temperature increase of around 2 degrees Celsius.

US-China differences on climate predate the tensions over Pelosi’s visit. Beijing has traditionally
taken the developing country approach that asks rich countries to own up to their historic
responsibility for climate change. Things began to take a nasty turn during the Trump years with
the then-US President unfairly villainising China for the climate crisis. As part of its trade war on
China, the US imposed high tariffs on Chinese clean energy products. The change of guard at the
White House hasn’t led to much change. China too has imposed strictures on technology
exchanges with the US. A few days before Kerry’s visit, Beijing included gallium and germanium,
used in solar cells — as well as in the manufacture of a variety of electronic items — within the
purview of its Export Control Law. The strictures on these rare earth minerals, over which China
has market dominance, are slated to come into effect next month.

While their climate diplomats resumed negotiations, large parts of the US and China have been
hit by a record-breaking heat wave. Meteorological reports have indicated the breaching of the
1.5 degrees Celsius target this year — though temporarily. Big power rivalry is holding up
meaningful progress in mitigating global warming. In the weeks and months leading to the COP-28
in Dubai, the end of this year, Beijing and Washington must make their climate engagement more
meaningful. [Practice Exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘Red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘Blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Vocabulary
1. Talk (noun) – Conversation, dialogue, 10. Negotiating table (noun) – a situation or
discourse, place in which people formally discuss
something in order to reach an
2. Thaw (noun) – an increase in friendliness agreement
or cordiality.
11. Note (noun) – importance, or the fact
3. Envoy (noun) – Representative, emissary, that something deserves attention

messenger, diplomat, ambassador 12. Suspend (verb) – Stop, halt, interrupt,

pause
4. Yield (verb) – Produce, generate, provide,
offer, deliver 13. Claim (verb) – Assert, declare, maintain,
affirm
5. Reassert (verb) – Reaffirm, restate,
confirm, validate, affirm 14. Sovereignty (noun) – Autonomy,
independence, self-governance, self-
6. Carbon emission (noun) – The release of
determination
carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide)
into the atmosphere, typically from 15. Hold talk (phrase) – Conduct or have a
human activities such as burning fossil
discussion or negotiation
fuels.
16. Sticking point (phrase) – A sticking point
7. Pace (noun) – Speed, rate, tempo,
in a discussion is a point on which it is not
rhythm, gait
possible to reach an agreement ,
8. GHG (noun) – Abbreviation for
Greenhouse Gases, these are gases in
Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They 17. Ties (noun) – Relations, connections,
let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, associations, bonds
but they prevent the heat that the
sunlight brings from leaving the 18. Global warming (noun) – A long-term
atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases increase in Earth's average temperature,
are water vapor, carbon dioxide, often caused by increased concentrations
methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

9. Emitter (noun) – a thing which emits 19. Contain (verb) – Control, restrain, check,
something. curb

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

20. Paris pact (noun) – A global agreement 30. Take a turn (phrase) – Change direction,
adopted in 2015 by nearly every nation to change course, shift, alter
address climate change and its impacts. It
aims to limit global warming to well 31. Nasty (adjective) – Unpleasant,
below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees disagreeable, horrible, terrible
Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.
32. Villainise (verb) – To portray as a villain,
21. By all accounts (phrase) – According to to make out to be evil or morally wrong
what everyone says, according to
available information
33. Impose (verb) – Enforce, apply, levy,
exact, foist
22. Consistent (with) (adjective) – Steady,
stable, regular, unchanging 34. Tariff (noun) – Duty, tax, levy, charge

23. Uptick (noun) – Increase, rise, growth,

surge 35. The change of guard (phrase) – Change
of leadership
24. Ambition (noun) – Goal, aspiration,
36. Stricture (noun) – Restriction, limitation,
target, aim
bound, restraint
25. Lead (to) (verb) – Result in, cause, bring
37. Technology exchange (noun) – The
about, produce, give rise to
process of sharing or transferring
technology between different
26. Differences (noun) – Disagreements,
organizations or nations.
disputes, conflicts, debates
38. Within the purview of (phrase) – Within
27. Predate (verb) – to have existed or the range of authority, responsibility,
happened before another thing
concern, or intention
28. Own up to (phrase) – Admit,
39. Dominance (noun) – Supremacy,
acknowledge, accept, confess; to admit
ascendancy, domination, power,
that you have done something wrong
authority

40. Slated (adjective) – Scheduled, planned,

29. Historic (adjective) – Significant,
important, notable, consequential arranged, intended
/

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

41. Come into effect (phrase) – Start to 44. Rivalry (noun) – Competition, contention,
produce results, become operative conflict, opposition

45. Hold up (phrasal verb) – Delay, hinder,

42. Diplomat (noun) – Envoy, ambassador, hamper, obstruct
emissary, representative
46. Mitigate (verb) – Reduce, lessen,
43. Resume (verb) – Restart, continue, return decrease, diminish
to, recommence :

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Summary of the Editorial

1. US climate envoy John Kerry recently held talks with Chinese officials without reaching any
agreement.

2. Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized that China will decide the pace of its carbon
emissions reduction.

3. Despite no agreement, the return of both countries to the negotiating table is significant.

4. The previous suspension of talks was due to US Speaker Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan,
which China claims sovereignty over.

5. The focus of ongoing discussions will be on reducing coal and methane usage, a major issue
between the two countries.

6. To meet the Paris Pact's target of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, both
nations have significant work ahead.

7. China's current climate targets are consistent with a global temperature rise of 3 degrees
Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

8. The US's targets align with a temperature increase of around 2 degrees Celsius.

9. The US-China climate disagreements aren't new and predate Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan.

10. Beijing believes that developed countries should accept their historic responsibility for
climate change.

11. Tensions escalated during Trump's presidency, where he criticized China for the climate
crisis and imposed tariffs on Chinese clean energy products.

12. Despite leadership changes in the US, bilateral tensions persist. China has restricted
technology exchanges and added controls on certain exports.

13. Just before Kerry's visit, China placed gallium and germanium (used in solar cells) under its
Export Control Law, affecting the solar industry.

14. Both the US and China have recently experienced record-breaking heatwaves,
underscoring the urgency of addressing climate change.

15. Ahead of the COP-28 in Dubai, it's crucial for both nations to foster more meaningful
climate engagement.

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. Which of the following statements best summarizes the recent development in US-China
climate talks? [Editorial Page]
A. The talks resulted in a comprehensive agreement between the US and China.
B. Despite no agreement, the resumption of talks between the two major GHG emitters is
significant.
C. The talks were suspended primarily due to differences over climate targets.
D. China has agreed to align its climate targets with the Paris Pact’s 1.5 degrees Celsius
target.
2. According to the passage, which of the following are/is true about the US-China climate
talks
i. The talks did not result in any agreement.
ii. China claims sovereignty over Taiwan.
iii. The US’s climate ambition would lead to a temperature increase of 1.5 degrees
Celsius.
iv. The two sides plan to continue talks regarding the reduction of coal and methane
use.
A. Both (i) and (ii)
B. Only (ii)
C. (i), (ii), (iv)
D. Only iv
3. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the passage about the US-China
relationship in the context of climate change?
A. Both the US and China have historically been in agreement on climate issues.
B. US-China tensions on climate issues began only during Trump's presidency.
C. Beijing and Washington's political differences are impacting meaningful progress in
mitigating global warming.
D. The US has never imposed tariffs or restrictions on Chinese products.
4. From the passage, it can be inferred that all of the following are true about the US-China
relationship concerning climate change EXCEPT that:
A. China has blamed rich countries for their historic role in climate change.
B. The US imposed tariffs on Chinese clean energy products during the trade war.
C. The US and China have agreed on sharing all technologies related to climate mitigation.
D. Both the US and China have experienced record-breaking heat waves recently.
5. Based on the passage, what tone does the author adopt regarding the US-China climate
talks?
A. Optimistic
B. Pessimistic
C. Neutral
D. Critical
6. What is the main theme of the passage?

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

A. The significance of Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan.

B. The market dominance of China over rare earth minerals.
C. The challenges and complexities in US-China climate negotiations.
D. The breaching of the 1.5 degrees Celsius target by meteorological reports.
7. Which word from the passage can be used as a synonym for "Stricture"?
A. Constraint
B. Ambition
C. Methane
D. Emission
8. Which of the following can be an antonym for "Slated" based on the context from the
passage?
A. Planned
B. Implemented
C. Cancelled
D. Developed
9. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. What’s worse, it might take a few years to thrash out the details of the fund, even
though the alarming pace of global warming warrants immediate action.
Q. However, what tempers the euphoria is the lack of clarity over the nitty-gritty in terms
of eligibility of recipients and donors and the rules for disbursing and using the money.
R. Rich nations have agreed to set up a fund to provide payouts to developing countries
that suffer ‘loss and damage’ from climate-induced storms, floods, droughts, wildfires
and other extreme weather events.
S. The two-week-long COP27, held in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh, ended with
what is being touted as a ‘big breakthrough’.
A. SRQP B.QPSR C.RSPQ D.SPRQ
10. The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that
contains a grammatical error
“Mrs. Pooja is / very busy at / the moment.” / “All right. I had been waiting.”
A. the moment.”
B. “Mrs. Pooja is
C. “All right. I had been waiting.”
D. very busy at
11. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 proposes the right of a user to know
exactly what data is being collected, how it is managed and also processed.
Q. Cutting down the text gives a positive resonance of clarity and decisiveness. An
elaborate list of dos and don’ts on how to treat personal data has been chalked out for
data fiduciaries, or the entities which collect and manage it.

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

R. Companies can use the data only for the precise purpose they obtained it. They also
cannot store the data perpetually by default. It has to be deleted when firms no longer
need to hold that data.
S. The revised data protection Bill, which is open for public consultation till December 17,
has 30 clauses compared to over 90 of the earlier version that was withdrawn three
months back following objections.
A. PSQR B.PSRQ C.SQPR D.PRQS
12. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Accommodate
B. Insistance
C. Surveillance
D. Embarrassment
13. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. The emphasis on millets led to 27 per cent growth in their production in 2021-22 in
India compared to 16 million metric tonnes produced the previous year.
Q. With the aim of alleviating malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency among the poor,
the Government of India had introduced millets in its Poshan Abhiyan after notifying
them as nutri-cereals in 2018.
R. In fact, after having harvested success in 2018, its national year of millets, it was India
that proposed the IYoM to the UN.
S. Being the granary of millets, with an estimated share of around 41 per cent in global
production, it is but natural that India should be taking the lead in promoting
worldwide the use of millets in 2023 — that has been declared the International Year
of Millets (IYoM) by the United Nations General Assembly.
A. RPQS B.RSPQ C.SRQP D.SPRQ
14. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in reported speech.
He said that he would be taking a leave of absence for two weeks as there had been a
death in his family.
A. He said "I am going to take a leave for two weeks as there had been a death in my
family".
B. He said, "I would be taking a leave of absence for 2 weeks as there been a death in my
family
C. He said "I will be taking a leave of absence for two week as there is a death in my
family".
D. He said, "I will be taking a leave of absence for two weeks as there has been a death in
my family".
15. Arrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph.
P. In a sharp reaction, India’s Ministry of External Affairs had termed Zardari’s comments
an ‘uncivilised outburst’ and a ‘new low’ for Pakistan.

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Q. India has sent invitations to all members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
(SCO), including Pakistan and China, for the foreign ministers’ meeting to be held in
Goa in May.
R. It was only last month that Zardari had made adverse remarks against Prime Minister
Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the UN Security Council meeting, shortly after
Foreign Minister S Jaishankar aptly described Pakistan as the epicentre of terrorism.
S. The invite to Pakistan Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari and his Chinese
counterpart Qin Gang signals India’s intent to reach out to two neighbours with whom
its relations have remained strained in recent years.
A. QSPR B.PSRQ C.QSRP D.PQSR
16. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
The teacher's explanation was succinct and easy to understand.
A. Elaborate
B. Coherent
C. Concise
D. Lucid
Comprehension
The just concluded state visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to the United States is
undoubtedly a new gambit by both sides to ______1_______ their strategic cooperation to
an unprecedented level, while turning treaty allies. The announcement for ______2_____
joint manufacture of General Electric (GE) Aerospace’s F414 engines in India by GE and
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited to power India’s indigenous Light Combat Aircraft MK2 and
the twin-engine Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft MK1 as well as the purchase of 31
high-altitude, long-endurance Predator-MQ-9B armed unmanned aerial vehicles take the
defence ties between the countries to a new high. Military cooperation between the two
nations has been deepening in the recent past. India has bought from the U.S. the C-130
and C-17 Globemaster transport aircraft, AH-64E Apache attack helicopters as well as CH-
47 Chinook and MH-60R multi-role helicopters, P-8I maritime patrol aircraft and M777
ultra light howitzers, among others. The U.S. has been aggressively pitching its fighter jets,
the F-16 and F/A-18, for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. India and the U.S. had
tried and _____3_____ an earlier engine development effort under the Defence
Technology and Trade Initiative some years ago. But now, the new jet engine deal is an
investment in each other to address the shared security concerns, while continuing to
______4______ the disagreements.
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate combinations of words
17. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 1.
A. Turmoil
B. Dispel
C. Propel
D. Potent
18. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 2.

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

A. Potential
B. Substantially
C. Spatial
D. Prevail
19. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 3.
A. Resolved
B. Shelved
C. Restore
D. Promote
20. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank 4.
A. Ensured
B. Commence
C. Exercised
D. Navigate

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

Answers
1. B 2.C 3.C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.C
12. B 13.D 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D [Practice Exercise]
Explanations
1. B. Despite no agreement, the resumption of talks between the two major GHG emitters
is significant.
The passage states that while there was no agreement reached during the talks between
US climate envoy John Kerry and Chinese officials, the significant development was that
the two nations have resumed discussions. This is crucial because both nations are the
highest GHG emitters. The talks had previously been suspended after an unrelated political
event, but both sides have shown interest in continuing discussions over certain
environmental issues, making option B the most accurate summary of the passage.
2. C.) (i), (ii), (iv) are true
(iii) is not true, the passage mentions that the US's climate ambition would lead to a
temperature increase of around 2 degrees Celsius, not 1.5 degrees Celsius.
3. C) Beijing and Washington's political differences are impacting meaningful progress in
mitigating global warming.
The passage provides details about the differences and tensions between the US and China
on climate issues. It mentions that there were differences even before recent events, such
as "US-China differences on climate predate the tensions over Pelosi’s visit." The Trump
years saw an escalation of these tensions, but they did not start there. This is evidenced by
the statement, "Things began to take a nasty turn during the Trump years." It further
emphasizes that the change in leadership in the US did not bring significant positive change
in their climate relationship. The tensions between the two nations have affected trade,
technology exchanges, and even the global supply of certain minerals. Furthermore, the
ending of the passage indicates that these political rivalries between the two countries are
obstructing progress in mitigating global warming. The mention of the record-breaking
heatwave and the upcoming COP-28 event stresses the importance of both nations to
make their climate engagement more meaningful.
4. C) The US and China have agreed on sharing all technologies related to climate
mitigation.
The passage mentions that Beijing has traditionally asked rich countries to acknowledge
their historic responsibility for climate change, which supports option A. It also mentions
the US imposing high tariffs on Chinese clean energy products, confirming option B. The
statement about China imposing strictures on technology exchanges with the US
contradicts option C. Lastly, the passage states that both the US and China have been
affected by record-breaking heat waves, supporting option D.
5. D. Critical

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

The author portrays a critical viewpoint of the US-China climate talks. Although the talks
are acknowledged as a "development of note", there is an emphasis on the lack of an
agreement, past tensions, and the reality of climate targets not aligning with the Paris Pact.
The usage of terms like "unfairly villainising", "hasn’t led to much change", and "big power
rivalry is holding up meaningful progress" further solidify the critical tone.
6. C. The challenges and complexities in US-China climate negotiations.
The central theme of the passage revolves around the difficulties and intricacies of the US-
China climate talks. It touches upon the historical context, the impacts of political actions,
the differences in climate targets, and the need for a more meaningful climate
engagement between the two countries. Although other topics are mentioned, they all
support the central theme of the challenges in the climate negotiations.
7. A) The term "strictures" in the passage refers to restrictions or constraints, particularly in
the context of China imposing them on technology exchanges.
Stricture (noun) – Restriction, limitation, bound, restraint
8. C) In the passage, the term "slated" means scheduled or planned. An opposite action
would be to cancel or withdraw the plan.
Slated (adjective) – Scheduled, planned, arranged, intended
9. A) SRQP
S: Here, an event (COP27) is introduced, which was held for two weeks and ended with
some major outcome. This sentence should be the starting point as it sets the context of
what happened in COP27.
R: This seems like the next logical step. After introducing COP27 and mentioning a "big
breakthrough", this sentence details what that breakthrough was - an agreement to set up
a fund.
Q: This sentence starts with "However", indicating a contrast to the positive news in the
previous sentence. After hearing about the agreement, the next logical step is to discuss
any issues or concerns with it. The word "euphoria" refers back to the "big breakthrough",
making a noun-pronoun connection with the earlier content.
P: The phrase "What’s worse" suggests a further elaboration on the concerns raised in the
previous sentence. This continues the tone of discussing problems with the agreement.
10. C) “I had been waiting’ ‘I am waiting‘ presently,
at present, at the moment, now still verb ‘present continuous form’
!
 Still the bulk of Indian women lives below poverty line. (X)
 Still the bulk of Indian women is living below poverty line. (✔)
 Don’t disturb him, he has been studying at the moment. (X)
 Don’t disturb him, he is studying at the moment. (✔)

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

11. C) SQPR
S: This sentence introduces a "revised data protection Bill" and contrasts it with the
"earlier version".
Q: This sentence builds on the idea presented in sentence S about the revision of the bill.
"Cutting down the text" refers to the reduction in clauses mentioned in sentence S. It also
introduces the concept of "data fiduciaries" which connects well to the detailed handling
of personal data in the subsequent sentences.
P: This sentence provides a specific detail about the revised bill. The year “2022”
establishes a time sequence and continuity. The term "Digital Personal Data Protection Bill
2022" is the official name for this bill and its details are expanded upon in this sentence.
The mention of data management in Q and its elaboration in P also establishes a
connection.
R: This sentence continues the discussion on the specifics of how data is to be managed
and processed, following from sentence P.
12. B. Insistance (Correct spelling: Insistence)
13. D) SRQP
S: Sentence S introduces 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYoM) declared by the
UN and mentions India's significant share in global millet production.
R: Sentence R refers back to "IYoM" and explains that after India's success in 2018 (its
national year of millets), India proposed the idea of IYoM to the UN.
Q: Sentence Q talks about how India began emphasizing millets in its Poshan Abhiyan in
2018 to counter malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. This connects with the 2018
reference in Sentence R through the time sequence hint.
P: Sentence P mentions the growth in millet production in India during 2021-22. This is a
continuation in the time sequence.
14. D) He said, "I will be taking a leave of absence for two weeks as there has been a death in
my family".
15. C) QSRP
Q: This sentence introduces the main topic: that India has sent out invitations for a foreign
ministers' meeting.
S: This sentence builds upon the information in Q by explaining the significance of the
invitations, especially to Pakistan and China.
R: This sentence provides context for the strained relations between India and Pakistan,
especially focusing on recent events and statements made by Zardari and Jaishankar.
P: This sentence builds on the information in R, describing India's reaction to Zardari's
remarks.
16. A) Elaborate
A. Elaborate (adjective) – Complex, intricate, detailed, ornate, involved

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

B. Coherent (adjective) – Logical, clear, lucid, intelligible, articulate

C. Concise (adjective) – Succinct, brief, terse, to the point, compact
D. Lucid (adjective) – Clear, transparent, understandable, unambiguous, intelligible
17. C) Propel (verb) – drive, push, move forward, advance.
'Propel' use "propel" ' ' ' '
sentence , context sides
, 'propel'
 'Propel' should be used because the meaning of "propel" is 'to push or drive
forward.' In the given context, it refers to both sides wanting to take their mutual
cooperation to an unprecedented level, thus 'propel' is the correct word here.
18. A) Potential (adjective) – possible, probable, likely, prospective.
'Potential' possible likely sentence , GE औ
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited GE Aerospace’s F414 engines
, 'Potential'

 'Potential' means possible or likely. As indicated in the sentence, where the

announcement is made regarding the joint manufacture of General Electric (GE)
Aerospace’s F414 engines, 'Potential' is the most apt word in this context.

19. B) Shelve (verb) – postpone, put aside, put off, defer.

'Shelved' is the most appropriate word to fill in blank 3. The context of the paragraph
discusses an earlier engine development effort by India and the U.S. which was not
pursued further, implying it was set aside or discontinued. 'Shelved' means to decide not to
proceed with (a project or plan), either temporarily or permanently. Grammatically, it fits
in the past tense form of the sentence.

 'Shelved' word paragraph context India औ U.S.

, ,
temporarily or permanently

20. D) Navigate (verb) – manage, negotiate, maneuver, guide.

'Navigate' "navigate"
mention
, 'navigate' 'Ensured'

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The Indian Express Editorial – By English Madhyam 25 July, 2023

, 'Commence' , औ 'Exercised'
,

 'Navigate' should be used because it means to carefully deal with a situation or

problem. The sentence mentions that both countries address their shared security
concerns while continuing to navigate through disagreements, making 'navigate'
fitting here. Whereas, 'Ensured' means to make certain, 'Commence' means to
begin, and 'Exercised' implies effort or practice, which don't fit in this context.

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