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EEE3100S 2023 Tutorials 6-7

This document discusses frequency and voltage control in power systems through a series of questions: 1. Frequency must be controlled to maintain balance between generation and load, ensure stable operation, and allow interconnected systems to operate in synchronism. 2. To maintain the same ratio of output change between two generators when load increases, their regulation settings must be proportional to their ratings. 3. Reactive power management balances reactive power demand and supply to maintain stable voltages. Devices like capacitors and SVCs can provide static reactive compensation while generators can provide dynamic compensation.

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Stalin Koster
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85 views

EEE3100S 2023 Tutorials 6-7

This document discusses frequency and voltage control in power systems through a series of questions: 1. Frequency must be controlled to maintain balance between generation and load, ensure stable operation, and allow interconnected systems to operate in synchronism. 2. To maintain the same ratio of output change between two generators when load increases, their regulation settings must be proportional to their ratings. 3. Reactive power management balances reactive power demand and supply to maintain stable voltages. Devices like capacitors and SVCs can provide static reactive compensation while generators can provide dynamic compensation.

Uploaded by

Stalin Koster
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Cape Town EEE3100S, 2023

Department of Electrical Eng. Tutorials 6- 7 – Frequency and Voltage


ControlPower Control
Frequency Control

Question 1
Give three main reasons why we need to control frequency in power system.

Question 2

Two generators are supplying power to a power system. Their power ratings are
P1 = 50 MW and P2 = 500 MW. The frequency is 60 Hz and the generators are
half-loaded. The system load increases by 110 MW and as a result, the frequency
drops to 59.5Hz. What must the individual regulations (Sg) be, if the ratio of the
change in output of the two generators is same as the ratio of their rating?

Question 3
a) What does a 5% speed droop mean?
b) Assuming a two-area power system has one generator in each area, with a total system
demand of 250 MW (Table Q3). Generator A and B contribute 150 MW and 100 MW,
respectively, to meet the load demand. Following a sudden load increase, the system
frequency dropped from the nominal value to 49.5 Hz. What is the magnitude of this
load increase and the new power output from generator A and generator B?

Table Q3
Network specifications
Gen A Gen B
Generator droop characteristic (p.u.) 0.1 0.05
Rated power output (MW) 200 150
Pre-contingency scheduled power (MW) 150 100
Nominal frequency (Hz) 50

Volatge and reactive Power Control

Question 4

What is reactive power management?

Question 5
State TRUE/FALSE for the following

(a) For a synchronous generator to supply reactive power, it must be under-excited.


(b) A generator is operating at no-load, when suddenly a capacitor bank is connected at
its terminal. The generator should be over-excited to absorb the reactive power
University of Cape Town EEE3100S, 2023
Department of Electrical Eng. Tutorials 6- 7 – Frequency and Voltage
ControlPower Control
generated by the capacitor.
(c) Voltage collapse is as a result of the unbalance between the reactive power demand
and the real power supplied by the system.
(d) The main functional similarity between synchronous condensers and static VAR
compensators (SVCs) is that they both have rotating parts.
(e) A synchronous condenser has an overload capability of 10% - 20% for more than 30
minutes.
(f) Series capacitors could cause excitation of low-frequency oscillations (sub-
synchronous resonance), which may damage turbine-generator shafts.
(g) Series capacitors can increase the loadability of a line at only a fraction of the cost of
new transmission.
(h) Off-load tap changing transformer is used when the changes in voltage ratio need to
be frequent.

Question 6
Discuss the relationship between voltage magnitude and the reactive power flow. How does
SIL relates to reactive power?

Question 7
Due to contingencies in the power system, certain points in the network may experience over
voltage or under voltages. When such occurs, the system operator is tasked with
implementation certain measures to curb the problem. List three of that a system operator can
use to curb:
a) Under Voltages
b) Over Voltages

Question 8
List the three different voltage control schemes. Discuss each of these control schemes and

what it entails.

Question 9
List three devices that can be used to provide static reactive power compensation and three

devices for dynamic reactive power compensation. For each of these categories, state the main

characteristic of each.

Question 10
According to the South African grid code, what is voltage Ride Through Capability of RPP?
University of Cape Town EEE3100S, 2023
Department of Electrical Eng. Tutorials 6- 7 – Frequency and Voltage
ControlPower Control

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